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2016 HULT PRIZE CHALLENGE: CROWDED URBAN SPACES Can we build sustainable, scalable and fast-growing social enterprises that double the income of 10 million people residing in crowded urban spaces by better connecting people, goods, services, and capital? With Special Call to Action from President Bill Clinton DRAFT V2.1 (\[OVYZ! 7YVMLZZVY 9VI (U[OVU` (OTHK (ZORHY 2HYPT :HTYH 2YPZ[LU ;`YYLSS Hult International Business School Publishing 2015 2016

CROWDED URBAN SPACES

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2016 HULT PRIZE CHALLENGE: CROWDED URBAN SPACESCan we build sustainable, scalable and fast-growing social enterprises that double the income of 10 million people residing in crowded urban spaces by better connecting people, goods, services, and capital?

With Special Call to Action from President Bill Clinton

DRAFT V2.1

(\[OVYZ!��7YVMLZZVY�9VI�(U[OVU`����(OTHK�(ZORHY��2��HYPT�:HTYH��2��YPZ[LU�;̀ YYLSSHult International Business School Publishing 2015

2016

Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

DRAFT v2.1

2

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Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

DRAFT v2.1

3

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Almost 1.5 billion people living in crowded spaces worldwide are struggling. People don’t make enough money, they can’t reach where they need to be, and they are living in unsafe spaces that lack infrastructure and connection to basic services.

Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

DRAFT v2.1

4

Almost 1.5 billion people living in crowded spaces are struggling

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Urbanization is continuing to drive people all over the world into crowded spaces

Limited income damages individual prosperity and broader economic productivity

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Governments and NGOs are unable to increase income for the urban poor

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Social enterprises may be the best option to address this issue

However, building successful social enterprises in crowded spaces will be difficult

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Can we build sustainable, scalable, and fast-growing social enterprises that double the income of 10 million people living in crowded spaces by 2022 through better connecting people, goods, services and capital?

Addendum: )\PSKPUN�:\JJLZZM\S�:VJPHS�,U[LYWYPZLZ

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

DRAFT v2.1

5

/V^L]LY��JP[PLZ�OH]L�HSZV�ILLU�TPYYVYZ�VM�MHSZL�OVWL�MVY�����IPSSPVU�WLVWSL�^VYSK^PKL��<UL]LU�NHPUZ�OH]L�JYLH[LK�JYPWWSPUN�PULX\HSP[ �̀�HUK�NLULYH[PVUHS�WV]LY[`�OHZ�ILJVTL�H�[YHW�MVY�[OL�]LY`�ZHTL�WLVWSL�^OV�TV]LK�[V�JP[PLZ�ZLHYJOPUN�MVY�VWWVY[\UP[ �̀�>P[OV\[�HJJLZZ�[V�X\HSP[`�PUMYHZ[Y\J[\YL���SPRL�YVHKZ�HUK�ZHUP[H[PVU�Z`Z[LTZ���VY�HɈVYKHISL�ZLY]PJLZ���SPRL�LK\JH[PVU�HUK�OLHS[OJHYL���JP[PLZ�JHU�IL�H�WSHJL�VM�OVWLSLZZULZZ��;VV�THU`�WLVWSL�OH]L�ILLU�\UHISL�[V�THRL�LUV\NO�TVUL`�[V�HɈVYK�^OH[�[OL`�ULLK��;OPZ�`LHY��[OL�/\S[�7YPaL�PZ�HZRPUN�`V\�[V�JOHUNL�[OH[��

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People don’t make enough money to HɈVYK�^OH[�[OL`�ULLK��

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�*P[PLZ�HYL�[OL�MV\UKH[PVU�VM�TVKLYU�O\THU�KL]LSVWTLU[��*P[PLZ�JHU� �WYV]PKL�[OL�YPNO[�ZWHJL�[V�NYV �̂�[V�PUUV]H[L��[V�HJOPL]L�HU`[OPUN�PTHNPUHISL�� �7YVZWLYV\Z�JP[PLZ�ÄSS�^P[O�LU[YLWYLUL\YZ��I\ZPULZZLZ��HUK�PUK\Z[YPLZ�[OH[�^VYR� �PU�OHYTVU`�^P[O�VUL�HUV[OLY�[V�I\PSK�TVYL�VWWVY[\UP[PLZ�MVY�L]LY�TVYL�WLVWSL��� �;OL�SHZ[�JLU[\Y`�OHZ�ZLLU�[OL�^VYSK»Z�WVW\SH[PVU�THRL�H�KYHTH[PJ�TV]L�[V�ÄSS� �JP[PLZ��ÄUK�^VYR��HUK�SLHK�IL[[LY�SP]LZ��

¸*P[PLZ�JHU�IL�WYPTL�KYP]PUN�MVYJLZ�VM�KL]LS�VWTLU[�HUK�PUUV]H[PVU��@L[�[OL�WYVZWLYP[`�NLULYH[LK�I`�JP[PLZ�OHZ�UV[�ILLU�LX\P[HIS`�ZOHYLK��HUK�H�ZPaHISL�WYVWVY[PVU�VM�[OL�\YIHU�WVW\SH[PVU�YLTHPUZ�^P[OV\[�HJJLZZ�[V�[OL�ILULÄ[Z�[OH[�JP[PLZ�WYVK\JL�¹

BAN KI-MOON:LJYL[HY`�.LULYHS��<UP[LK�5H[PVUZ

¸0�OH]L�[V�JOVVZL�^OH[�TH[[LYZ�TVZ[�¹9VZLSSH�PZ�H����`LHY�VSK�^OV�SP]LZ�PU�7H`H[HZ��H�ZS\T�V\[ZPKL�VM�4HUPSH��:OL�OHZ�I\PS[�OLY�OVTL�V]LY�[OL�SHZ[�[^V�KLJHKLZ�MYVT�H�^HYKYVIL��\TIYLSSHZ��HU�VPS�KY\T��HUK�H�[PU�ZOLL[��:OL�ZH`Z�^OLU�ZOL�HUK�OLY�O\ZIHUK�NL[�[OLPY�ZHSHY �̀�[OLYL�Q\Z[�PZU»[�LUV\NO�MVY�SHYNL�W\YJOHZLZ��:OL�JHU�VUS`�I\PSK�OLY�OVTL�HUK�OLY�SPML�VUL�IYPJR�H[�H�[PTL��

PAUL MASON9LWVY[LY��))*��9HKPV

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PRESIDENT BILL CLINTON

Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

DRAFT v2.1

6

;OL�PUJVTL�WLVWSL�KV�LHYU�PZ�]VSH[PSL�HUK�PUZLJ\YL���6UL�^LLR��WLVWSL�TH`�LHYU�WSLU[`�VM�TVUL �̀�I\[�[OL`�TH`�UV[�LHYU�HU`�MVY�[OL�UL_[�TVU[O��4HUHNPUN�[OL�LIIZ�HUK�ÅV^Z�VM�\UWYLKPJ[HISL�PUJVTL�PZ�KPɉJ\S[�HUK�JVUZ\TLZ�[PTL���-S\J[\H[PUN�PUJVTL�HSZV�TLHUZ�[OH[�SV^LY�JVZ[�I\ZPULZZ�TVKLSZ��SPRL�Z\IZJYPW[PVU��I\SR�W\YJOHZPUN��VY�\W�MYVU[�WH`TLU[��HYL�UV[�H]HPSHISL�[V�SV^�PUJVTL�JVUZ\TLYZ��;OL�PTWHJ[�VM�Å\J[\H[PUN�PUJVTL�PZ�THKL�^VYZL�ILJH\ZL�VM�SPTP[LK�HJJLZZ�[V�OPNO�X\HSP[`�ÄUHUJPHS�ZLY]PJLZ��>VYSK^PKL��HU�LZ[PTH[LK���IPSSPVU�WLVWSL�PU�KL]LSVWPUN�LJVUVTPLZ�KVU»[�OH]L�HJJLZZ�[V�ÄUHUJPHS�ZLY]PJLZ�[OH[�^V\SK�OLSW�[OLT�IL[[LY�THUHNL�[OLPY�V^U�PUJVTL�]VSH[PSP[ �̀�SPRL�JYLKP[��ZH]PUNZ�HUK�PUZ\YHUJL�

The Hult Prize targets consumers at the Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) who live in poverty and who earn some income with which to pay for goods and services. Most people who live in poverty are in the base tiers of income. It is important to note, however, that every country - even developed countries - have people living in poverty. In the United States alone, an estimated 46.5 million people live below the national poverty line and struggle to get by.

PEOPLE CAN’T REACH WHERE THEY NEED TO BE

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ZHAN YOUBING7OV[VNYHWOZ�VM�¸JO\U`\U¹

CONNECTED PEOPLE:*YV^K�ZV\YJLK�[YHɉJ�0U�5HPYVIP��WLVWSL�ZP[�PU�[YHɉJ�HUK�SVZL�OV\YZ�H�KH`�[Y`PUN�[V�YLHJO�[OLPY�QVIZ��MHTPSPLZ��HUK�LYYHUKZ��3HIHU�6R\UL�(U\UKH�KL]LSVWLK�HU�PU[LYUL[�WSH[MVYT�HUK�TVIPSL�HWW�ZPTPSHY�[V�>HaL��JHSSLK�TH�YV\[L��[OH[�HSSV^Z�SVJHSZ�[V�YLWVY[�^OLYL�[YHɉJ�PZ�IHK�HUK�HJJPKLU[Z�OH]L�OHWWLULK��;OL`�OPYL�SVJHS�LUNPULLYZ�HUK�THRL�TVUL`�[OYV\NO�HK]LY[PZLTLU[Z�HUK�HWW�Z\IZJYPW[PVUZ�

MA3ROUTE

2 Billion

4 Billion

1.3 Billion

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CROWDED SPACES LACK INFRASTRUCTURE AND BASIC SERVICES

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COPIA GLOBAL

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Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

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STRUCTURES ARE INFORMAL, DENSE, AND SOMETIMES UNSAFE

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SARITHA RAI9LWVY[LY��5L^�@VYR�;PTLZ

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Crowded spaces are difficult. As rural populations around the world migrate to city

centers in pursuit of a better life, they often add strain and hardship to both themselves

and the spaces they occupy.

Simultaneously, city borders continue to expand, creating mega cities across the developed and emerging markets. War and displacement have led to the largest global refugee base of all time. This mega workforce however is sidelined and pulling the global economy down even though many are educated and have the skills, training and physical ability to produce economic output.

Poverty camps exist in all places of the world. Social welfare dictates where the poor live, what schools children must attend, and what types of services are available. Lack of education and economic opportunity has created a downward cycle of poverty which is difficult to break.

The interviews collected below by Meera Bapat and Indu Agarwal give an inside perspective on what life is really like in crowded urban spaces. These interviews were funded by DANIDA, the Danish Government’s bilateral aid agency.

When we came here in 1972, we did not know where to fetch water. We used to go to a hotel (restaurant) to have a cup of tea and bring a can of water from there. After we settled down on a pavement we bought an old 5-litre can for 25 paise(3) and filled it in the morning. We used to ask around where a tap was working and we used to collect water there. If that did not work we used to go to the JJ hospital morgue, bathe there and fill our water containers. After we put up plastic sheet roofing on the pavement we used to go to Kamathipura nearby to collect water at the tap in the 14th lane. There, the people used to refuse to give us water saying ‘…they have brought toilet cans!’ We did not understand what they meant. Then a woman told me that it was because of the pots that we carried to collect water. Then I bought a plastic bucket. If we did not get water in the 14th lane we tried to get it in other lanes. We used to go in search of water at 3:30 in the morning and collect three or four handaas (an urn that can hold 10–12 litres of water) by seven o’clock. If we did not get water we used to buy well water. Even now we sometimes have to buy well water for five rupees per handaa. We buy four or five handaas per day, just for cooking.

Local elections took place two months back. Our only demand was water – whoever gave us water would get our votes. We made ten boys our spokesmen. The one with a bow and arrow (the symbol representing the political party Shiv Sena) gave us two taps before the elections. Now we have water. Those who had money spent 1,500 rupees or so extra and got individual taps inside their shacks. I also got one. We have fixed a rate of 20 or 15 rupees every month per family. These are unofficial taps. We cannot get taps officially. We have filled in forms so many times but the municipality throws them away. There is no provision for giving water taps to pavement dwellers.

To avoid fights over water in our area, three boys organize everything. Yashawant Jadhav gave 150 taps in all but each area got one or two. Sophia Zubair Road (pavement settlement) has one, Dimtimkar has two, Peer Khan has five or six. There was a big fight at the tap on the corner and people began to beat each other. The municipality person took away a hose pipe and a couple of handaas. The boys rushed to Yashawant Jadhav who sorted out the problem. Since then the boys have supervised things.

We used to bathe and wash our clothes and vessels with water from the textile mill. That was for free. Then the mill closed down and the water stopped. That was a big problem. There was a water line passing under our houses. Two or three of us thought that we should steal the water by tapping into the pipe. Plumber Patel and I did it first five years ago. The cost of a pipe and digging came to about 1,000 rupees.

Water came in the morning from 4 until 7 o’clock. Alot of people came to fill the water at the tap. There used to be a queue for water and we used to charge 20 rupees per month per person. In a few days, the cost of installing the tap for stealing the water was recovered. By then, many other families wanted to have their own taps. So there were six or sevenmore such taps and the municipality came to know about it. They came with the police. But we had come to know that the municipality people were coming and everybody shut their taps and concealed the connections with stones. After the men left we filled the water. We then placed a few people on the lookout for the inspector. After a few days, we made friends with a person from the municipality. We asked him to install a tap in our mosque and madarssa. He took about 600 rupees from us and put in a tap. Now they come to disconnect our taps once every month or two. Still, there are always two or three taps left. Also the main tap is never disconnected. It is always there.

SAGIRA, MUMBAI:

Daily Life Inside a Slum

REHMAT, MUMBAI:

Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

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I used to live in Indiranagar in Ghatkopar. Our rooms were demolished because a road was built there. So we came here in 1985. Many other people also came. When we came, there were only four or five houses. It was desolate and quite scary. We filled up the swamp and built our shacks. It cost us a lot of money to get several truckloadsof debris to reclaim the land. Last year, the municipal corporation filled up more area.

In those days, we had to get water from Mankhurd station. We had to walk through the slush and mud. It used to take us an hour to walk back with water pots on our heads. If we did not get water there, we used to go to other places like Bainganwadi and Shivajinagar. We had to fetch enough water for drinking and washing. The water here is saline. At hightide, the water level used to rise and our houses used to get submerged. This used to happen several times a year. Now that the whole area has been reclaimed we do not have this problem. Five or seven years ago we got water taps. They were provided from the MLA (member of the Legislative Assembly – provincial assembly) funds.(4) But those taps are dry. Because the pipeline passes through the marshy area, it is rusted. Some people have paid the money and have secured their own water supply. Some people go near the bridge to fetch water. It takes ten minutes to walk there. MHADA(Maharashtra Housing and Area Development Authority) is doing some work there. Pipes have broken and several people bring water from there. Even that water is notfree. There is always someone sitting there who charges one rupee for a handaa of water. Anyone can take charge of water and collect money. Even I can do that.

I need 15 or 16 handaas of water every day. When we wash bed sheets, blankets etc., we need to buy water worth nearly 50 rupees. There are times when we do not get water for a couple of days in a row. Then we get it from Shivajinagar, Mohite Patilnagar or Shantinagar. It takes half an hour to reach Shivajinagar. Shantinagar is even further. We have to go on the highway. Sometimes the water is dirty. It has a foul smell. There are always fights for water, particularly if women try to jump the queue. Then complaints are registered with the police. We have met our councillor many times to ask him to get us more water. He promises to look into our problem. So far he has done nothing. We also went on a protest march to the municipality. But nothing has changed here.A toilet block is under construction at present. Until now, we have used open land for defecating – men go on one side and women on the other. People passing by can see women squatting. The day before yesterday, an old woman went out to defecate at seven in the evening and a man came from behind and grabbed her. A few of us generally go together for the toilet. Men hide behind the bushes and watch women when they are squatting. If they see a woman alone, they creep in and molest her. In the past, we met the councillor many times and told him about the circumstances in Sathenagar. But for years nothing happened.

I live in Jaibhavani Nagar on Parvati Hill. It is part of a very large slum area. My shack is near the top of the hill. Until seven years ago, there was no piped water supply anywhere in the settlement. There were just three water taps near the toilets. We also used the water from the canal that lies at the bottom of the hill.(7) A strip of land on both sidesof the canal belongs to the government (irrigation department). I used to get up in the morning and first bring two handaas of water from the taps near the toilets. Sometimes, the toilets would get blocked and nobody did anything to get them repaired. Filthy water used to collect near the urinals. And we had to fill the water in all that mess. There usedto be flies and insects flying all around. They would fall in the water. There are neither paved pathways in our settlement nor are there properly laid out drains. People have made trenches to carry off the wastewater. When my children were small, they used to follow me when I went to fetch the water. Sometimes, they would fall into the trenches. So, half my attention was on my children. In addition to this worry was the anxiety to get to work on time.

Men used to wash clothes near the taps and make us wait for a long time before we could fill our handaas. Men bathing near the taps would soap themselves and deliberately shake their heads vigorously so that the soap lather used to fly all around and fall in the water as we filled our handaas. They used to say all kinds of vulgar things to us. It was so humiliating! We would ask them to move aside and let us fill our handaas, but they never listened. In order to avoid having to face this, I used to go much further to another housing area to get water.After the elections, I thought we would get water taps. But nothing happened. Politicians come to us when they canvass for elections and then they disappear. Then Mahila Milan was started in our slum. Several of us came together. We realized that we would have to try to get water connections ourselves. Before that we expected the local councillor to do everything for us. But he did not get us water. We met the municipal commissioner. He was very helpful and understanding. After we lobbied for months and made repeated visits to the municipal offices, pipes were laid and taps fitted, but they remained dry. After another wait and more visits to the municipal ward office, we finally got water. When we opened the stopcock and water came out with force, women and children were absolutely overjoyed. This was seven years ago. Over the last year, however, we have had very little water in our area. It is difficult to get even a few handaas of water for drinking. To do our washing we have to go all the way down to the canal. Going down the slippery slope to the canal is quite hazardous.

Our settlement extends for a few kilometres on the hill slope along the canal. At the far end there are no water taps. Women fill water that comes out of the air valves fitted on another canal that has been closed with a concrete slab. They have to walk quite a distance to reach the points where the valves have been fitted. Even though this water is not treated, they have to use it for drinking also. Climbing up the steep slope from the canal to the pathway with two or three handaas of water balanced on the head and then up the hill to their shacks is quite a precarious task. Every morning and evening, you can see several women and young girls going to fetch the water and returning with handaas perched on their heads. There are no toilets in our settlement. We go up on the hill for defecating. Women go on one side and men on the other. We go at night under the cover of darkness. There are no lights up there. It is quite scary. When we go, we call out to others so that three or four of us can go together. In the rainy season it is difficult to walk there

I am the secretary of the Mahila Mandal (women’s group) in Omkar Society. There are around 3,000 families that live in this settlement. Two years ago, groups of 10–15 families collected money and each group got a water connection. For the past six months, we have no water at all in these taps. We have complained to the municipal office, and they have promised to connect our taps to a different water line, but nothing has been done so far. Now we buy water for drinking, washing, bathing, everything; we pay ten rupees or more for water every day. We buy it in Bainganwadi or Shivajinagar and other such areas. It takes about half an hour to walk there and come back. Some people go there on bicycles and bring four cans at a time. Those who do not have bicycles hire them for two or three rupees or bring water in autorickshaws (three-wheeler hooded vehicles used as taxis). The people from whom we buy water have tapped water lines going into buildings there, and have put pumps to draw water. Some have put hosepipes from there to here and sell water to individual families at 100 rupees a month. There is no toilet in this whole area. Men and women from the settlement squat along the road. Women do not go after six in the morning.

They wait for the cover of darkness. We even eat less so that we do not need to relieve ourselves during the daytime because we do not have proper toilets. Now some toilets are being built here. We tried to get ourMLA(member of the provincial Legislative Assembly) and the local coun- cillor to build toilets for us, but they said they did not have funds. We went to Apanalaya (an NGO) who told us to go to SPARC. And now SPARC is building these toilets.”

KHATRABAI LONDHE

SHALINI SADASHIV MOHITE:

JYOTI BHENDE:

Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

DRAFT v2.1

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Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

DRAFT v2.1

13

The Gaza Strip - is one of the most crowded and least built-up urban environments in the world today, with a population of 1.7m and density of almost ten thousand people per square mile within a relatively flat area.

This is exacerbated by population growth rates and restrictions on the movement of goods, services, and people within and across its borders, preventing the proper planning and development of a functioning city that provides accommodation, sanitation, health, education, and food to its residents.

Rio De Janeiro has an estimated population 6.35 million, making it the second largest city in Brazil, third largest metro area in South America, and 6th largest in the Americas.

The city has a population density of 12,380 people per square mile. Almost one in four people – 1.4 million in total – live in urban slums (up from 13% in 1970’s). Although per capita income has doubled since 2000, many entering the labor markets are illiterate, making it challenging for businesses and the

government to provide employment. Between 2008 and 2009, there were 14,057 entrepreneurial ventures in the Rochina and Maguinhos slum communities of Rio, but only 1,083 (7%) operated in the formal sector. The other 93% of ventures operated in the unregulated, informal economy.

Local police, called Pacifying Police Units (UPPs), have been brought in to improve security in 28 of Rio’s slums. The results have led to a 75% decrease in the number of violent deaths, a 15% increase in property prices between 2006 and 2011 attributed to these units, and an increase in the revenues of business located in the slum communities. These sorts of interventions attract direct foreign investment and make the area more enticing for entrepreneurs and local businesses.

• Restrictions on the movement of people ( <200/day on avg in H12013) and goods (<1 truckload per day in H1 2013) across and within the Gaza strip (1 official functioning crossing in 2013) continue to impact its 1.7m residents by reducing access to livelihoods, essential services, and housing

• The volume of construction materials that entered Gaza via underground tunnels in 2013 was over 3x the amount allowed through the crossing.

• Power outages (up to 12hrs/ day) and external trade restrictions discourage investment, prevent sustainable growth, and perpetuate high levels of unemployment (34% of able and willing) and food insecurity (57% of households)

• Population growth has put pressure on ailing health, education, water (25% of households receive running water every day, 90% of extracted water unsafe for human consumption), and sanitation services (90m litres of treated and untreated sewage are dumped in the sea each day)

• Access to land within 300 meters from the fence surrounding Gaza is generally prohibited and access to farming areas beyond is risky.

• Fishermen are allowed to access less than one third of the fishing areas allocated to them under the Oslo Accords: six out of 20 nautical miles.

Key Facts:

Limited Access in the Gaza Strip

Entrepreneurial Opportunities in Rio de Janeiro

Former fisherman and musician David Vieira Bispo, a resident in the Chapéu Mangueira slum community in Leme, had taken the name of the community to other regions of the country and even abroad. About two and a half years ago, he decided to open a pub with his name.

“We were the first pub in the slum community to compete for prizes of gastronomy,” he says proudly—the appetizers won prizes. “Today, I recognize myself as an entrepreneur. David’s Pub creates jobs. The slum is no longer the ugly duckling of the city. People feel that this is an area society has reclaimed.’

Rio is attracting large foreign direct investment(US$ Million)

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Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

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In Columbus, Ohio, for example, simply creating jobs has not led to a reduction in the poverty level. The region’s unemployment rate is about 5.9% and has been falling for the last several years. However, despite more people being employed, the poverty rate has not changed or dropped below 18%.

People living in the city and working full-time on a minimum wage job will earn about $15,000 per year. In order to cover the costs of living in the city – from rent, to transportation, to food – it is estimated that a family with two adults and one child in Columbus would need almost $40,000 per year.

The data shows that employment alone is not the solution to lifting people out of poverty. Jobs that don’t cover the cost of living are not an adequate solution. Poor quality, low-paying jobs are still not helping people pay for what they need. The real solution is to create opportunities to generate more and sufficient income to be able to afford the cost of basic services.

Solution’s to this year’s challenge of crowded urban environments, whether focused on the US or otherwise, must focus on enabling poor communities to better connect and create value in the form of high enough incomes that enable them to rise above the poverty level wherever they reside.

Higher Employment and Higher Poverty in Columbus, Ohio Poverty is not limited to the developing world. Although the average incomes are higher in Europe and the United States, higher costs of living mean that income may still leave families homeless, struggling to afford food, or unable to pay for critical medical care.

Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

DRAFT v2.1

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Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

DRAFT v2.1

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Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

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Our hope is to empower 10 million crowded urban space dwellers to break the cycle of poverty through finding new and innovative ways to connect them with not only the basic necessities of human life, but also with the opportunities which enable them to take ownership of their own destinies. These opportunities may exist locally and are in need of scale or may need to be conceived from scratch as micro-enterprise startups. One thing we know is that solutions need to be bold and challenge previous decades of ideas and programs which don’t seem to be of the right size or scale, and have yet to unlock the ability to break poverty.

Increasing incomes through entrepreneurship is a viable supply-side tool to provide crowded urban space dwellers with access to alternate,

Fairchild 8: The Economic

Opportunity Clusteradditional, or greater principal sources of income, allowing them to more rapidly scale out of poverty. Beyond the individual entrepreneur and his family, research has shown that a single successful entity in one area can effectively spawn an entire village of entrepreneurs and startups.

In fact, research conducted in 2014 by Endeavour shows that the some of the greatest entrepreneurial ecosystems of today were in fact started by one successful company (or a few), which then served to launch a wave of startups. Whether examining Silicon Valley’s growth in relation to the original founders of Fairchild Semiconductors, the “Traitorous 8” alone led to the spinoff of 31 firms in just 12 years or the amazing interconnectedness of the Buenos

Aires Tech Sector, where a few key startups lead to an entire ecosystem to emerge, the role of entrepreneurship and innovation is fundamental. It only takes one idea to build a “valley” - to date, 92 public companies, totaling over US$2.1 Trillion in value can be tracked back to Fairchild.

The concept of economic opportunity clusters created around one or a few successful entities can be applied to crowded urban spaes, turning a otherwise depressed village into a work force that drives economic empowerment and inclusive economic growth engine.

The Creation of Silicon ValleyFairchild founders spunoff 92 public companies in 58 years

The Buenos Aires Tech SectorA few key startups lead to an entire ecosystem

Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

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Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

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Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

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BANDWIDTH IS A LIMITED, SCARCE RESOURCE

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MISSION PRINCIPLES ENSURE SOCIAL ENTERPRISE EFFECTIVENESS

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Can we build sustainable, scalable, and fast-growing social enterprises that double the income of 10 million people living in crowded spaces by 2022 by better connecting people, goods, services, and capital?

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More Income

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Guiding Questions

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Addendum:

Building successful social enterprisesCompanies who are able to think broadly and holistically about the entire business innovation value chain are more likely to be able to capture and create value. Social enterprises developed for the Hult Prize, like Aspire Food Group, Nanohealth, and IMPCT.co, have worked across these segments to design and ZJHSL�VќLYPUNZ�[OH[�^PSS�OLSW�KV\ISL�PUJVTL�PU�JYV^KLK�\YIHU�spaces. They are working on the ground, today, to produce at SV^LY�JVZ[��ÄUK�VќLYPUNZ�[OH[�KLSPNO[�JVUZ\TLYZ��KLSP]LY�X\PJRS`�HUK�LќLJ[P]LS �̀�I\PSK�IYHUKZ�[OH[�PUZWPYL�[Y\Z[��HUK�\ZL�WHY[ULYZ�and networks to capture new value in new ways.

/V^�JHU�`V\�do the same?

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The examples on the following two pages should serve as a guide to 3 potential avenues:

a) establishing a micro-franchise through industry creation (Aspire), b) empowering every day dwellers to become income generators (NanoHealth), and c) scaling and training existing entrepreneurs (IMPCT).

Almost 1 billion people worldwide lack food security. They struggle to provide enough safe and nutritious food to their families. Every day, they work hard to pull together the best meals they can, but over time, malnutrition has a significant effect on quality of life and health. In addition, as people continue to move from rural to urban areas, they find that they don’t have adequate skills to find work, and are pushed into slums.

Aspire Food Group utilizes an innovative solution to create more nutritious insect-based food options, more than double income for small entrepreneurs, and create a more sustainable food

value chain from beginning to end. They train and empower entrepreneurs to be able to farm their own insects, feed their families, and increase their income. Aspire empowers entrepreneurs and employs thousands of individuals who would otherwise not have a job. Whether an injured retiree or an adolescent struggling to make ends meet, Aspire provides both with more than ten times the income by better connecting know-how, entrepreneurs, consumers, and nutritious food.

Insects need ten times less feed than cattle to produce the same amount of protein and are thus a cost effective,

nutritious option. The United Nations has recognized Aspire as providing ‘a viable potential solution to the global food crisis’. Many residents of slums in Ghana, for instance, a pilot location for Aspire Foods Group, suffer from severe iron deficiencies (70% of pregnant women). 100 grams of Palm Weevil Larvae, a key product of the company, has ¼ the daily recommended intake of Iron.

Aspire has spawned an entirely new industry poised to rapidly scale around the world and have significant impact on the lives of people living in urban slums.

Aspire Food Group: Creating Value by Sparking an Industry and Launching Micro-Franchises

Value creation and greater income generation in crowded urban spaces through better interconnectedness between capital, goods, services, and people can be achieved in many ways.

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Millions of children in urban slums are currently sitting idle in unsafe informal daycare centers run by existing entrepreneurs who have no training or adequate resources. Parents are willing to pay almost 20% of their monthly income to these informal daycares in order to be able to work. In Latin America alone, there are an 200,000 such informal daycares with on average 4 kids each charging $2 / day – which means that $1.6m are spent every day on childcare services.

By scaling up the quality and capacity of these informal structures, IMPCT

hopes to enable more parents to work while their children receive high quality early education. By identifying talented existing entrepreneurs and providing them with the capital (donors), know-how (Training), and curriculum (Montessori) to build and run a successful daycare with more students, IMPCT allows these young mostly female entrepreneurs to double or triple their previous income, while better connecting children and parents to high quality, dependable, and safe daycare services. On average, mothers earn between $80-120 per month with their informal daycares. Owning an IMPCT

Playcare, on the other hand, pays a salary and profit share that averages $220 per month. IMPCT’s first teacher Alma, for example, went from making $80 with her informal daycare to $300 in her first month running her Playcare

IMPCT has already reached more than 9m people with hundreds of major media appearances across three continents. They have convinced 50 companies representing 65,000 employees to develop matched investment programs on their platform, and engaged 750 donors from 45 countries to build their first playcare.

IMPCT: Creating Value by Enabling Existing Entrepreneurs

NanoHealth: Creating Value by

Providing Sufficient Income

More than half of patients with diabetes and hypertension in the urban slums of India remain undiagnosed, as there is no population level mass screening program, doctors and hospitals are often located hours away from the patient (full day or more just to visit creates financial disincentive), and slum dwellers don’t have the financial means to afford the doctor’s visit. This leads to under-diagnosis, poor treatment, and poor prescription compliance, which, in turn, mean greater aggravation of the disease and eventually pre-mature death.

NanoHealth addresses this problem by offering a cost-effective and scalable model to tackle the growing burden of chronic diseases in urban slum locations across the world. Their Doc-in-a-Bag™ product allows the rapid and accurate diagnosis of disease to take place on-site and cheaply, thus preventing the patient from having to visit the doctor at all unless diagnosed. Patients no longer have to make the difficult choice between taking a day or more off of work, or paying expensive doctor’s fees, and improving their health.

NanoHealth is able to achieve the above by creating, employing, and training a network of community health workers called “Saathis”, and providing them with a low cost point-of-care device. These Saathis form a strong network of community health workers, extending the reach of the health system right to the patient’s doorstep. In addition, Nanohealth is able to double and sometimes triple their employees’ incomes; many of these ‘Saathis’ were previously untrained and uneducated community members with access only to the lowest paying jobs. With the combination of the right care model, scalable technology, and impact-centered approach, NanoHealth aims to prevent one million pre-mature deaths every year while significantly increasing incomes in the areas they operate in.

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Doubling Income by Connecting People, Goods, Services, and Capital

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