CS 3724CS 3724Claims and ScenariosClaims and Scenarios

Dr. Scott McCrickardDr. Scott McCrickard

McBryde 626McBryde 626

mccricks@cs.vt.edumccricks@cs.vt.edu

Scenarios and ClaimsScenarios and Claims

Scenarios convey what actors are Scenarios convey what actors are like, what forces influence their like, what forces influence their behaviorbehavior

Claims elaborate on scenarios, Claims elaborate on scenarios, explaining how and why a feature explaining how and why a feature has impactshas impacts

Claims analysis documents why Claims analysis documents why scenarios were written by isolating scenarios were written by isolating the most important featuresthe most important features

These are your data structures!These are your data structures!

Scenarios in UE:Scenarios in UE:A Simple ExampleA Simple Example

A student, Akbar, is working on a research paper in the lab. While working on the paper, he wishes to be informed of happenings in his community. Akbar uses the Notification Collage (NC), running on a second monitor, to inform him of such information with occasional glances. When shuffling through items on the NC, he sees that a project partner has found information of immediate relevance. Fortunate to learn this, Akbar includes the information in his paper, finishing early.

A scenario describing a situation:

An Associated ClaimAn Associated Claim

Feature:Feature:

Organizing Organizing information information using the using the collage collage metaphormetaphor

IRC rating:IRC rating:

0.5,0.3,0.60.5,0.3,0.6

+ allows users to informally post information+ allows users to informally post informationAccording to (Greenberg & Rounding 2001), “New According to (Greenberg & Rounding 2001), “New collage items are always placed on top. As the collage items are always placed on top. As the number of posted items increases, new elements number of posted items increases, new elements cover old ones” suggesting that reaction is increased cover old ones” suggesting that reaction is increased as users quickly view new items with comprehension as users quickly view new items with comprehension increased as users gain an understanding of how increased as users gain an understanding of how old/inapplicable an item is based on position.old/inapplicable an item is based on position.

- BUT overlapping items may force users to shuffle - BUT overlapping items may force users to shuffle through themthrough them

According to (Greenberg & Rounding 2001), “New According to (Greenberg & Rounding 2001), “New collage items are always placed on top. As the collage items are always placed on top. As the number of posted items increases, new elements number of posted items increases, new elements cover old ones. More unusually, old items ‘bubble up’ cover old ones. More unusually, old items ‘bubble up’ towards the surface” suggesting that interruption is towards the surface” suggesting that interruption is increased as users puzzle over items’ age, and increased as users puzzle over items’ age, and comprehension is decreased with partially obscured comprehension is decreased with partially obscured items seen only when shuffling.items seen only when shuffling.

Maintaining awareness of group information on public displays using the collage metaphor

Elements of a ClaimElements of a Claim

Feature:Feature:

Organizing Organizing information information using the using the collage collage metaphormetaphor

IRC rating:IRC rating:

0.5,0.3,0.60.5,0.3,0.6

+ allows users to informally post information+ allows users to informally post informationAccording to (Greenberg & Rounding 2001), “New According to (Greenberg & Rounding 2001), “New collage items are always placed on top. As the collage items are always placed on top. As the number of posted items increases, new elements number of posted items increases, new elements cover old ones” suggesting that reaction is increased cover old ones” suggesting that reaction is increased as users quickly view new items with comprehension as users quickly view new items with comprehension increased as users gain an understanding of how increased as users gain an understanding of how old/inapplicable an item is based on position.old/inapplicable an item is based on position.

- BUT overlapping items may force users to shuffle - BUT overlapping items may force users to shuffle through themthrough them

According to (Greenberg & Rounding 2001), “New According to (Greenberg & Rounding 2001), “New collage items are always placed on top. As the collage items are always placed on top. As the number of posted items increases, new elements number of posted items increases, new elements cover old ones. More unusually, old items ‘bubble up’ cover old ones. More unusually, old items ‘bubble up’ towards the surface” suggesting that interruption is towards the surface” suggesting that interruption is increased as users puzzle over items’ age, and increased as users puzzle over items’ age, and comprehension is decreased with partially obscured comprehension is decreased with partially obscured items seen only when shuffling.items seen only when shuffling.

Maintaining awareness of group information on public displays using the collage metaphor

TITLE

FEATUREUPSIDES &DOWNSIDES

RATIONALE

RATINGREFERENCE

Features ExplainedFeatures Explained TitleTitle describes the claim’s nature and domain describes the claim’s nature and domain FeatureFeature is an artifact or element to be described is an artifact or element to be described Upsides Upsides & & downsidesdownsides capture interesting capture interesting

positive and negative elements of the claim positive and negative elements of the claim featurefeature

RationaleRationale explains where each claim came from explains where each claim came from ReferencesReferences cite publications used to derive the cite publications used to derive the

rationalerationale ScenarioScenario provides context for the claim provides context for the claim RatingRating reflects the contributions of the claim on reflects the contributions of the claim on

accepted metrics within the domainaccepted metrics within the domainBut how do we calculate a rating?What are the “accepted” metrics?And what is the domain of interest?

The Domain: Notification SystemsThe Domain: Notification Systems

Notification Systems

Notification Systems

PhidgetsPhidgets

vehicle navigation systemsvehicle navigation systemsmultiple displaysmultiple displaysmultiple windowsmultiple windows

wearablewearabledisplaysdisplays

PDAsPDAslarge screen displayslarge screen displays

More Notification SystemsMore Notification Systems

weatherbugweatherbug

ePosterePoster BonziBUDDYBonziBUDDY

ESPN’s BottomLineESPN’s BottomLine klipfolioklipfolio

Ambient FixturesAmbient FixturesMore phidgetsMore phidgets

ScopeScope

SideshowSideshowInfo artInfo art

Defining Notification SystemsDefining Notification Systems

Notification systems are interfaces thatNotification systems are interfaces that• provide provide reactionreaction to and to and comprehensioncomprehension of of

valued information in an efficient and effective valued information in an efficient and effective manner without introducing unwanted manner without introducing unwanted interruptioninterruption to a primary task to a primary task

• are used in any divided-attention, multitasking are used in any divided-attention, multitasking situationsituation

primary task & notification/secondary taskprimary task & notification/secondary task Notification systems Notification systems are notare not

• used in extended periods of concentration in used in extended periods of concentration in an orderly, predictable task-action flowan orderly, predictable task-action flow

• exclusively desktop interfacesexclusively desktop interfaces

Notification Systems MetricsNotification Systems Metrics

Our definitions--Our definitions-- InterruptionInterruption: intentional and : intentional and

inherently useful reallocation of attention inherently useful reallocation of attention from a primary task to a notificationfrom a primary task to a notification

ReactionReaction: immediate response : immediate response resulting from a notification stimuli—with resulting from a notification stimuli—with or without a shift of attentionor without a shift of attention

ComprehensionComprehension: information is : information is made sense of, related to existing made sense of, related to existing knowledge, and stored in long term knowledge, and stored in long term memory for future usememory for future use

IRC RatingsIRC Ratings

An IRC rating—An IRC rating—• describes goals relating to: describes goals relating to:

interruption level of a notificationinterruption level of a notification immediate reaction to notificationsimmediate reaction to notifications long term or deeper comprehension from long term or deeper comprehension from

notificationsnotifications

• annotated as: annotated as: lowlow=0, =0, highhigh=1, with values in between in I, R, C =1, with values in between in I, R, C

orderorder therefore, a design model of “0/.5/1” would be therefore, a design model of “0/.5/1” would be

intended support for “low interruption, moderate intended support for “low interruption, moderate reaction, high comprehension”reaction, high comprehension”

Intutively, What Is It?Intutively, What Is It?

weatherbugweatherbug

ePosterePoster BonziBUDDYBonziBUDDY

ESPN’s BottomLineESPN’s BottomLine klipfolioklipfolio

Ambient FixturesAmbient FixturesMore phidgetsMore phidgets

ScopeScope

SideshowSideshowInfo artInfo art

But How Do We Calculate It?But How Do We Calculate It? Easy! Use LINK-UP!Easy! Use LINK-UP!

• LINK-UP includes a tool for entering claims, LINK-UP includes a tool for entering claims, including calculating IRC ratingsincluding calculating IRC ratings

• Answer a series of questions, and an IRC rating Answer a series of questions, and an IRC rating is calculated automaticallyis calculated automatically

Not so fast, though…Not so fast, though…• Everything has to match: scenario, Everything has to match: scenario,

upsides/downsides, rationale, paper contents, upsides/downsides, rationale, paper contents, IRC ratingsIRC ratings

• The secret: iterate! Read paper, highlight The secret: iterate! Read paper, highlight possible features and rationale, group into possible features and rationale, group into upsides/downsides for each feature, match upsides/downsides for each feature, match rationale, calculate IRC, reconsider upsides, rationale, calculate IRC, reconsider upsides, look for additional rationale in paper, …look for additional rationale in paper, …

LINK-UPLINK-UP

IRC WizardIRC Wizard

Revisiting the ClaimRevisiting the Claim

Feature:Feature:

Organizing Organizing information information using the using the collage collage metaphormetaphor

IRC rating:IRC rating:

0.50.5,,0.30.3,,0.60.6

+ allows users to informally post information+ allows users to informally post informationAccording to (Greenberg & Rounding 2001), “New According to (Greenberg & Rounding 2001), “New collage items are always placed on top. As the number collage items are always placed on top. As the number of posted items increases, new elements cover old of posted items increases, new elements cover old ones” suggesting that ones” suggesting that reactionreaction is increased as users is increased as users quickly view new items with quickly view new items with comprehensioncomprehension increased increased as users gain an understanding of how old/inapplicable as users gain an understanding of how old/inapplicable an item is based on position.an item is based on position.

- BUT overlapping items may force users to shuffle - BUT overlapping items may force users to shuffle through themthrough them

According to (Greenberg & Rounding 2001), “New According to (Greenberg & Rounding 2001), “New collage items are always placed on top. As the number collage items are always placed on top. As the number of posted items increases, new elements cover old of posted items increases, new elements cover old ones. More unusually, old items ‘bubble up’ towards ones. More unusually, old items ‘bubble up’ towards the surface” suggesting that the surface” suggesting that interruptioninterruption is increased is increased as users puzzle over items’ age, and as users puzzle over items’ age, and comprehensioncomprehension is decreased with partially obscured items seen only is decreased with partially obscured items seen only when shuffling.when shuffling.

Maintaining awareness of group information on public displays using the collage metaphor

Revisiting the Revisiting the ScenarioScenario

A student, Akbar, is working on a research paper in the lab. While working on the paper, he wishes to be informed of happenings in his community. Akbar uses the Notification Collage (NC), running on a second monitor, to inform him of such information with occasional glances. When shuffling through items on the NC, he sees that a project partner has found information of immediate relevance. Fortunate to learn this, Akbar includes the information in his paper, finishing early.

A scenario describing a situation:

HW 1 Spec OverviewHW 1 Spec Overview

1.1. Select a paper by Friday at noonSelect a paper by Friday at noon (list (list will be posted to a Blackboard discussion group by 9pm will be posted to a Blackboard discussion group by 9pm tonight—to sign up, post a follow-up message to the tonight—to sign up, post a follow-up message to the paper you want (note: one person per paper!).paper you want (note: one person per paper!).

2.2. Construct a claim from the paper.Construct a claim from the paper. Use Use the guidelines in the homework spec and today’s lecture.the guidelines in the homework spec and today’s lecture.

3.3. Enter the claim into LINK-UP.Enter the claim into LINK-UP. Instructions for using LINK-UP are in the homework spec. Instructions for using LINK-UP are in the homework spec. Your login is your PID and your password is your student Your login is your PID and your password is your student ID number.ID number.

4.4. Follow up to your Blackboard signup Follow up to your Blackboard signup with the title of the claimwith the title of the claim (so that the GTAs (so that the GTAs can find it in the system and distinguish it from can find it in the system and distinguish it from incomplete claims you may have written for practice).incomplete claims you may have written for practice).