CT SHOULDER AXIAL

CT SHOULDER AXIAL

SHOULDER AXIAL

CT SHOULDER AXIAL

CT SHOULDER AXIAL

CT SHOULDER AXIAL

CT SHOULDER AXIAL

CT SHOULDER AXIAL

CT SHOULDER AXIAL

SHOULDER AXIAL

SHOULDER AXIAL

CT SHOULDER AXIAL

CT SHOULDER AXIAL

CT SHOULDER AXIAL

CT SHOULDER AXIAL

CT SHOULDER AXIAL

CT WRIST AXIAL

CT WRIST AXIAL

CT WRIST AXIAL

CT WRIST AXIAL

CT WRIST AXIAL

CT WRIST AXIAL

CT WRIST AXIAL

CT WRIST AXIAL

CT WRIST AXIAL

CT WRIST AXIAL

CT WRIST AXIAL

CT WRIST AXIAL

CT WRIST AXIAL

CT WRIST AXIAL

CT WRIST AXIAL

CT WRIST AXIAL

MR ELBOW AXIAL

MR ELBOW AXIAL

MR ELBOW AXIAL

MR ELBOW AXIAL

MR ELBOW AXIAL

MR ELBOW AXIAL

MR ELBOW AXIAL

MR ELBOW AXIAL

MR ELBOW AXIAL

MR ELBOW AXIAL

MR ELBOW AXIAL

MR ELBOW AXIAL

MR ELBOW AXIAL

MR ELBOW AXIAL

MR ELBOW AXIAL

MR ELBOW AXIAL

MR ELBOW AXIAL

MR ELBOW AXIAL

CT ANKLE AXIAL

CT ANKLE AXIAL

CT ANKLE AXIAL

CT ANKLE AXIAL

CT ANKLE AXIAL

CT ANKLE AXIAL

CT ANKLE AXIAL

CT ANKLE AXIAL

CT ANKLE AXIAL

CT ANKLE AXIAL

CT ANKLE AXIAL

CT ANKLE AXIAL

CT ANKLE AXIAL

CT ANKLE AXIAL

MR HIP AXIAL

MR HIP AXIAL

MR HIP AXIAL

MR HIP AXIAL

MR HIP AXIAL

MR HIP AXIAL

MR HIP AXIAL

MR HIP AXIAL

MR HIP AXIAL

MR HIP AXIAL

MR HIP AXIAL

MR HIP AXIAL

MR HIP AXIAL

MR HIP AXIAL

MR HIP AXIAL

MR HIP AXIAL

MR HIP AXIAL

MR HIP AXIAL

When planning radiation therapy of brain tumours from MR scans of the head, it is necessary to apply to most effective dose of radiation to the tumour, yet cause least damage to the surrounding tissue. This is a complex task demanding 3D visualization. An interactive system is being developed to produce 3D representations of the head, by combining the information from a series of cross-sectional images. Segmentation techniques are used to semi-automatically identify the tumour and other anatomical structures. One approach is for the clinician to select a point within an area of interest, such as the tumour. The system then locates the surrounding points which possess similar characteristics, within a given range of variability. This is repeated for other regions, and other images, to produce a 3D model. Given this model, an optimal treatment plan can be generated.

Planning Radiation Therapy

Different types of medical image yield different information. For example, MR scans provide soft tissue information, yet nothing regarding bones. The converse is true of computed

tomography (CT) scans. When planning surgery, information from both CT and MR scans may be needed. Machine vision techniques can be used to collate information from the different scans, thus producing a single 3D image showing the relationship between single 3D image showing the relationship between important features. This has been achieved, for example, by interactively labelling 12-16 matching features in the original images. Bone is identified in

the CT scan by locating areas with grey levels above a certain threshold value. Identifying tissue structures in the MR scan requires more sophisticated segmentation techniques. This

process is now being developed to use known anatomical relationships to automatically match 3D models derived from different medical images

Merging Medical Images

CT SCANNER

CT SCANNER

MRI SCANNER

What is PET/CT?PET/CT is a new imaging tool that combines two scan techniques in one exam - a PET scan and a CT scan. PET/CT is mainly used for diagnosis, staging or restaging malignant disease and metastases and evaluation of treatment response. It may also be used to differentiate dementia verses Alzheimer's disease. The two procedures together provide information about the location, nature of and the extent of the lesion. In other words, it answers questions like : Where is the tumor, how big is it, is it malignant, benign or due to inflammatory change, and has the cancer spread?

Fusion imaging

Nuclear Scanners

SCAPULA

HUMERUSThe humerus is the arm bone (most folks call it the UPPER arm bone). It has action at the shoulder joint and at the elbow joints (two at the elbow).

RADIUS/ULNAThe forearm is the region of the ulna and radius. At the proximal (in proximity to the body) is the elbow. At the distal end (distant from the body) is the wrist.

ELBOW

HAND ANATOMY

The human hand contains 27 bones divided into three groups: the carpal bones in the wrist, the metacarpal bones forming the knuckles, and the phalanges, or finger bones.

FEMURThe thigh is the region of the femur. At the proximal (in proximity to the body) is the hip. At the distal end (distant from the body) is the knee. 

HIP

HIPThe knee is a region and the knee is a joint. As a joint it is made up of uh... how many bones? Mmm... well, mmm, that depends if you want to count the fibula in on the action. Yeah, let's do that because it anchors the lateral ligament complex. The femur, and tibia are obvious. Add the patella and the fibula, that's four.

TIBIA/FIBULAThe shin is the region of the tibia. At the proximal (in proximity to the body) is the knee. At the distal end (distant from the body) is the ankle. 

ANKLE

The ankle is a region and the ankle is a joint, but the joint isn't the same region as the region. Huh? What folks call the ankle (singular) is actually two distinctly different joints. What they call ankle motion is actually motion of both those joints.

FOOT1 Calcaneus2 Talus3 Navicular4 Medial cuneiform5 Intermediate cuneiform6 Lateral cuneiform7 Cuboid8 First metatarsal9 Second metatarsal10 Third metatarsal11 Fourth metatarsal12 Fifth metatarsal13 Proximal phalanx of great toe14 Distal phalanx of great toe15 Proximal phalanx of second toe16 Middle phalanx of second toe17 Distal phalanx of second toe