Cultural DiversityUNDERSTANDING:

• To Understand that the history of America’s cultural diversity was and is ever changing.

• Understand that beginning a “new life” was and still is a struggle for many immigrants.

http://www.perfectmemorials.com/blog/funeral-homes-embrace-cultural-religious-diversity/

Know: Timeline• The reasons for wanting to

immigrate.

• The hardships many faced when trying to immigrate.

1820-1840: 751,000 Immigrants

• European Population doubles.

• Industrial Revolution causes unemployment to rise.

• Many leave Europe in hopes of finding a better life in America.

http://www.teacherlink.org/content/social/instructional/industrialrevolution/

http://goldenstate.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/train.jpg

http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/IR/039a.html

1840-1860: 4 million immigrants• Northern and Western

Europeans emigrate• Starving people leave

famine in Sweden and potato famine in Ireland.

• Emigration feasible for many with faster, more affordable ships.

http://www.kitchenproject.com/history/IrishSodaBreads/index.htm

Anti-Immigrant “Know

Nothing” party founded but dies within ten

years.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Citizen_Know_Nothing.jpg/458px-Citizen_Know_Nothing.jpg

1860-1880: 5 million Immigrants

• Civil War causes temporary drop in immigration, but some British, Irish, and Scots continued to arrive.

http://kenbaker.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/black-soldiers.jpg

• Chinese are lured by Gold Rush and by working on railroads during westward expansion.

An 1850 photograph shows one of the many Chinese laborers who came to

California during the Gold Rush.

1880-1900: 9 Million Immigrants

• Southern and Eastern Europeans emigrate for financial reasons.

• Jews flee persecution in Russia.

http://www.culture24.org.uk/history+%2526+heritage/time/roman/art38046

• 1882-Chinese Exclusion Act bars Chinese and sets “head tax” on immigrants.

• 1891- Bureau of Immigration set up.

• Ellis Island Processing Center opens.

http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/ellis-island.htm

http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc_large_image.php?flash=true&doc=47

1900-1920: 14.5 Million Immigrants• Italians, Greeks,

Australians, and Russians continue to pour in.

• Mexican laborers cross borders to work on farms and railroads.

http://www.europe.org.uk/files/978_italianimmigrants.jpg

http://undercoverblackman.blogspot.com/2007/06/mexican-labor-american-tradition.html

• 1917-Immigration Act excludes all Asians, raises head tax, and establishes original-language literacy test for all immigrants over 16 years old.

http://uncommonlives.naa.gov.au/detail.asp?iID=894&lID=9&cID=91

1920-1940: 4.6 Million Immigrants

• Great depression causes drop in immigration –more leave America than arrive, but Polish, Romanian, and other Eastern Europeans emigrate to escape communism.

http://www.cnbc.com/id/27363640?slide=2

• 1921- Emergency Quota Act limits the number of immigrants from different countries.

• 1924- National Origins Act shows bias against Asians and eastern or southern Europeans.

http://www.uspoliticalhistory.com/Harding_1_files/droppedImage.jpg

1940-1960:3.5 Million Immigrants

• Foreign-born population decreases

• Korean and East European War refugees allowed in .

• Japanese placed in interment camps during WWII

http://americanpicturelinks.com/Immigration.htm

• 1943- Chinese Exclusion Law repealed.

• 1948- Displaced Persons Act admits European refugees.

http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/immigration/themes-exclusion.html

1950-Internal Security Act deports “subversives”; aliens must report addresses annually.

1952-Immigration and Nationality Act restricts Eastern Hemisphere immigrants; preference given to skilled workers.

http://www.aavw.org/special_features/cartoons_assorted_cartoon04.html

1960-1980: 8 Million Immigrants(not including illegals)

• Era of many “boat people” begins: Cuban and S. E. Asian refugees flee war and political upheaval.

• Cambodians escape massacres

• Resettlement programs start in the U.S. and other countries.

http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/cuba.htm

• 1965- Immigration and Nationality Act ends old quota. System, opens door to Asians.

• 1978- Immigration and Nationality act deports Nazi persecutors and combines western and eastern hemispheres. President Lyndon B. Johnson signing the Immigration and

Nationality Act of 1965, which substantially changed U.S. immigration policy toward non-Europeans. Johnson made a point of signing the legislation near the base of the Statue of Liberty, which has always stood as a symbol of welcome to immigrants. Lower Manhattan can be seen in the background. (LBJ Library Collection)

1980-2000:16.5 Million Immigrants (estimated)

• Asians and Latin Americans emigrate to escape revolutions and economic instability.

• 1986- Immigration Reform Control Act sets penalties for hiring illegal aliens but provides some amnesty for some illegals already in U. S.

http://www.nwasianweekly.com/old/20080828/images/sweatshop.jpg

• 1980- New Refugee Act sets criteria for refugee admissions

• 1990-Reform act raises limit on total immigration

• 1998-Immigration Act makes it harder for illegal immigrants to stay in America.

http://www.klaskolaw.com/library/ap_immigration_070522_ms.jpg

http://magnoopere.blogspot.com/2007_05_01_archive.html

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.beijingtoday.com.cn/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/48221065-506x400.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.beijingtoday.com.cn/%3Fp%3D6212&usg=__VQXInW0C3qexQkcSrrpc0LfcDlo=&h=400&w=506&sz=64&hl=en&start=159&tbnid=GvFKrxzO3mOT8M:&tbnh=104&tbnw=131&prev=/images%3Fq%3DChinese%2Bimmigrants%2Bgold%2Brush%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D21%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff%26sa%3DN%26start%3D147

https://salempress.com/Store/images/editorial/immigration1.jpg