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Radiologii pentru diferite patologii ale oaselor
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RADIOLOGIE
OSTEO-ARTICULARA
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METODE IMAGISTICE
RADIOGRAFIA STANDARD/DIGITALA;
TOMOGRAFIA PLANA ;
ULTRASONOGRAFIA=>P.MOI ARTICULARE
CT;
IRMN;
SCINTIGRAMA OSOASA;
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ANATOMIE RADIOLOGICA
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SEMIOLOGIE
RADIOLOGICA OSOASA
I.MODIFICARI STRUCTURALE
1.REZORBTIA: -osteoporoza
-osteoliza-osteonecroza
2.OSTEOCONDENSAREA (OSTEOSCLEROZA):
-PERIOSTOZA
-ENDOSTOZA
-SPONGIOSCLEROZA
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OSTEOPOROZA
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SEMIOLOGIE RADIOLOGICA:OSTEOPOROZA
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OSTEOLIZA
CIRCUMSCRISA DE
LIZEREU DE
SCLEROZA:
CHIST OSOS
ESENTIAL
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SEMIOLOGIE
RADIOLOGICA:
OSTEOLIZA(metastaze osoase)
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SEMIOLOGIE OSOASA
II.MODIFICARI DE ORGANOGENEZA:
-hiperostoza-hipostoza
-oedostoza
-scoliostoza
-hiperplazie-hipoplazie
-aplazie-agenezie
DISTROFII
DISPLAZII
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SEMIOLOGIE RADIOLOGICA:osteoporoza,osteocondensare,scoliostoza,oedostoza
RAHITISM FLORID PSEUDARTROZA
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SEMIOLOGIE:
SCOLIOSTOZA,
OSTEOPOROZA,
OSTEOSCLEROZA
(remanierecomplexa)
BOALA PAGET
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PATOLOGIE OSOASA
TRAUMATISME:-fracturi,luxatii,entorse;
BOLI INFLAMATORII:acute,cronice;osteite,osteomielite;
TUMORI:benigne;potential maligne;maligne:primitive,meta.
NECROZE ASEPTICE
DISPLAZII;DISTROFII
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PATOLOGIE
OSTEO-ARTICULARA
AFECTIUNI ARTICULARE ACUTE:
-nesupurate=>RAA
-supurate=>artrite (stafilo/streptococ);
AFECTIUNI ARTICULARE CRONICE:
-nesupurate:PR,SA,artroze,metabolice,neuropatice;
-supurate:tbc.
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OSTEOMIELITA
ETIOLOGIE:stafilococ auriu,streptococ;
MECANISM:-embol microbian=>art.nutritiva;
-contiguitate (fracturi deschise,artrite etc);
SEDIU: -os lung=>metafize (debut);
-extenzie diafizara,epifizara,articulara;
-monostica,monotopa:tibie,femur cca 75%
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OSTEOMIELITA
ASPECTE RADIOLOGICE
DEBUT:osteoporoza localizata metafizar;dg.dificil=>IRMN,
scintigrafie polinucleare marcate Ga-67;
STARE:-osteoliza patata;
-tumefactie de parti moi;
-necroza septica=>halou + sechestre;
-periostita=>mansoane,grosiera,extenzie diafizara;
-abces subperiostal
-fistulizare in partile moi periosoase
OS O A AC A S A
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OSTEOMIELITA ACUTA:DEBUT=>STARE
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OSTEOMIELITA:
EXTENSIA
DIAFIZO-
METAFIZARA
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OSTEOMIELITA
EVOLUTIE:-VINDECARE=>cicatrici fibroscleroase,geode;
-reactivare==>CRONICIZARE:domina reactia
endostala/periostala;focare osteolitice mici,sechestre mici;
COMPLICATII:-artrita supurata=>anchiloze ;
-fracturi=>scurtari de os;
-tulb.de crestere (adolescent):scoliostoza,hiper-
plazii unilaterale de membru;
-septico-pioemie:abcese viscerale secundare;
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OSTEOMIELITA
SUGARULUI:
EVOLUTIE
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Osteomielita
cronica,in puseu
de acutizare:
microgeode,
micro-sechestre
Rx.standard
OSTEOMIELITA CRONICA DEFORMARI
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OSTEOMIELITA CRONICA;DEFORMARI
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OSTEOMIELITA:
COMPLICATII:
artrita sold,necroza
capului femural,
subluxatie coxo-fem.
secundara,tulb.de
crestere femur.
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OSTEITA/MIELITA POST -INTERV.CHIRURGICALA(fractura)
Reactie
periostala
osteoliza
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OSTEOMIELITA
FORME PARTICULARE
ABCES OSOS CENTRAL(BRODIE):
-SEDIU:tibie,metafiza superioara;
-ASPECT Rx:-geoda ovala,inel scleroza;fara sechestre/r.periost.
-EVOLUTIE:cronica,cu pusee de acutizare;
PANARITIU OSOS(osteita/mielita=>contiguitate de la p.moi;
-SEDIU:-falange terminale
-ASPECT RX:-liza osoasa din afara spre canal med.;
-fara reactie periostala.
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PANARITIU OSOS:EVOLUTIE NEFAVORABILA
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TUBERCULOZA OSTEO-ARTICULARA
MECANISM:reactivare BK in sinoviala artic.mari=>adolescent,
adult.ANAT.PAT.:osteoartrita supurata cronica.
ASPECTE RX:
-DEBUT:-osteoporoza regionala;-pensare spatiu articular;
STARE:-geode/carii osoasein oglinda pe extremit.artic -osteoliza
progresiva=>caverne epifizare=abcese reci articulare;EVOLUTIE:-prabusiri articulare;disparitia spatiului articular;topiri osteolitice=>sechestre mici;-ankiloze;-blocuri osoase-art.
FORME TOPOPGRAFICE1).TBC VERTEBRALA=MORB POTT:-vertebre pereche;fusparavertebral(abces rece fuzat=>psoas);-bloc vertebral/cifoza;
2)COXITA(coxalgia):distructie cap/acetabul;anchiloza/scurtare/protruzie in pelvis;
3 TUMORA ALBA DE GENUNCHI=artrita fistule ankiloza.
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MORB POTT:LEZIUNI MINIMALE LOMBARE
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MORB POTT DORSAL:osteoliza,tasare,fusparavertebral
Abces rece
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BLOC VERTEBRAL SECUNDAR MORBULUI POTT
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TUMORI OSOASE
BENIGNE MALIGNE PRIMARE
OSTEOM OSTEOSARCOM
FIBROM FIBROSARCOM
HEMANGIOM ANGIOSARCOM
CONDROM CONDROSARCOM
T.MIELOPLAXE MIELOM
MALIGNE SECUNDARE:metastaze,
leucemii,
limfoame
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OSTEOM
TESUT OSOS ADULT,SUPER-COMPACT;BENIGN;
CLINIC:lent evolutiv;NU METASTAZEAZA
SEDIU:sinus frontal;oase craniene
ASPECT RX:osteocondensat,compact,intens opac,omogen,oval/rotund,contur policiclic;
DG.DIFERENTIAL:meningiom osteoplastic
VARIANTA:OSTEOMUL OSTEOID=>unii anat/patologi sustin
ca este o displazie sau osteita cronica si nu tumora!Sediu:os
lung=>diafiza;ASPECT:-focar osteolitic 4-10 mm((NIDUS),cu
sechestru mic central;hiperostoza /scleroza in jur,bombeaza
subperiostal,in partile moi
OSTEOM FRONTAL
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OSTEOM FRONTAL
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FIBROM
TESUT CONJUNCTIV NEOSIFICAT-INTRAOSOS
SEDIU:-METAFIZAR/DIAFIZAR=OASE LUNGI;
-MANDIBULA=>EPULIS
ASPECT RX:-ZONA OSTEOLITICA,CU INEL NET DE
SCLEROZA IN JUR;
-CONTUR CICLIC;
-OSUL ADIACENT NEMODIFICAT;
-FARA REACTIE PERIOSTEALA
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OSTEOFIBROM
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TUMORI OSOASE BENIGNE
FIBROM OSOS
CHIST OSOS ESENTIAL
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OSTEOCONDROM
TESUT CARTILAGINOS NEOSIFICAT
SEDIU:OASE TUBULARE=FALANGE,METACARPIENE;
TIPURI:CENTRAL=ENCONDROM;PERIFERIC=ECCONDROM;
ASPECTE RX:-lacuna osteolitica ovalara,net delimitata,cu inel
fin de sleroza periferica;absenta reactiei periostale
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CONDROAME MULTIPLE-BOALA OLLIER
ECCONDROM
ENCONDROM
TUMORA CU MIELOPLAXE
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TUMORA CU MIELOPLAXE
(CELULE GIGANTE)
SEDIU:EPIFIZA OASE LUNGI(TIBIA,FEMUR),OS PLAT;
ASPECTE RX:-ZONA OSTEOLITICA CU SEPTURI FINE,
(BULE DE SAPUN),BOMBARE PERIOSTICA EPIFIZO-
METAFIZARA;-ASPECT MULTILOCULAT,CONTUR
NET,CORTICALA SUBTIATA DAR VIZIBILA,ASPECT DE
OS SUFLAT.
EVOLUTIE:-PUSEE OSTEOLITICE=>septurile se subtiaza/
raresc,dispar;corticala poate fi lizata complet pe alocuri;tumo-
ra se extinde in partile moi.
DG.DIFERENTIAL:-MIELOM SOLITAR,ENCONDROM,
CHIST OSOS ESENTIAL
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TUMORA
CU
MIELOPLAXE
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TUMORA
CU
MIELOPLAXE
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OSTEOSARCOM
OSTEOCIT MATUR;MONOSTIC;MONOTOP;agresiv,metastaze
TIPURI:-OSTEOLITIC;OSTEOPLASTIC
T.OSTEOLITIC:-SEDIU:metafiza os lung;ASPECT RX:perferic
sau central la debut=>lacuna osteolitica,contur neregulat;pintensarcomatos CODMANN(triunghiul mortii)=reactia periostala
limitata +decolarea periostului /distructie periostala;
T.OSTEOPLASTIC:ASPECT RX:osteoliza + reactie periostala
exuberanta,cu aspect radiar(spiculi perpendiculari/diafiza,inperie);respecta epifiza;
EVOLUTIE:-METASTAZEAZA RAPID(pulmon,creer,ficat);
-fracturi patologice;invazia articulatiei vecine.
OSTEOCONDENSANT
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OSTEOSARCOM:
TIPURI SI
VARIANTE
RADIOLOGICE
OSTEOLITIC
CENTRAL PERIFERIC,RADIAR
OSTEOCONDENSANT
OSTEOLITIC
PERIFERIC
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-UL
MORII
PINTEN
CODMANN
OSTEOSARCOM
TIP OSTEOLITIC,
VARIANTA
PERIFERICA
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OSTEOSARCOM EXTINS LOCO-REGIONAL(fractura)
OSTEOSARCOM OSTEOPLASTIC
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OSTEOSARCOM:
PERIFERIC
TIP RADIAR
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SARCOM PAROSTAL
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CONDROSARCOM
TESUT CARTILAGINOS(..CONDROM..?);EXOSTOZE
OSTEOGENICE(B.OMBREDANNE).
SEDIU:METAFIZE,BASIN,COASTE;
ASPECT RX:-OSTEOLIZA +CALCIFICARI AMORFE INMASA TUMORALA=>INVAZIE DE PARTI MOI.
FIBROSARCOM OSOS
TESUT CONJUNCTIV;DG.DIF.DIFICIL(BIOPSIE !)
TIP CENTRAL=OSTEOLIZA OS LUNG;
TIP PERIFERIC=SARCOM PERIOSTAL(PAROSTAL)
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Chondrosarcom
Osificare enchondral
Scintigrafie Tc.99 pirofosfat
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Chondrosarcom
RADIOGRAFIE IRMN,T 1/T 2
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MIELOM(PLASMOCITOM)
ESTE CEA MAI FRECVENTA TUM.MALIGNA PRIMARA
ORIGINE:-CEL.PLASMOCITARE MEDULARE(monoclonala)
-MARKER:proteinurie BENCE JONES.SEDIU:-MADUVA HEMATOGENA=>ADULT
TIP MULTIPLU=>B.RUSTITKI-KHALER;
TIP SOLITAR=>PLASMOCITOM(rara);
ASPECT RX:-ZONE OSTEOLITICE=PANOU GAURIT
(TIPIC LA CRANIU);TASARI VERTEBRALE;COASTE,OS
LUNG CU ASPECTE SUFLATE;OSTEOZA DIFUZA.
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MIELOM MULTIPLU
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MIELOMMULTIPLU
TUMORI MALIGNE
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TUMORI MALIGNE
SECUNDAREMETASTAZE OSOASE(CANCER OSOS METASTATIC)
CLINIC:CANCER DECLARAT/OPERAT SAU OCULT:
(cauta sin,prostata,pulmon,tiroida,rinichi etc).
TIPURI:OSTEOLITICE,OSTEOPLASTICE,MIXTE.
OSTEOLITICE:-osteoliza progresivape c.vert.,basin,coaste:zone transparente,lqacunare,fara delimitare,fara r.periostala;fracturi secundare=>paraplegii,pareze etc.
OSTEOCONDENSANTE:-zone dense ,patate(pete de ceara
descrise de REBOUL),confluate;sediu pe basin,vertebre;rare=
cancerul prostatei,vezicii,sinului.
MIXTE:-alternanta liza/condensare pe aceleasi sedii topogr.
A B
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METASTAZE OSOASE:A)OSTEOLITICE;B)OSTEOPLASTICE
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METASTAZE OSTEOLITICE
CANCER MAMAR T-4
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METASTAZE OSOASE OSTEOPLASTICE:pete de ceara(Reboul)
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NECROZE ASEPTICE
MECANISM:-tulburarile vascularizatiei locale;-post-traumatice;-embolii gazoase (boala de cheson).
1)OSTEONECROZA CAPULUI FEMURAL=boala LEGG-CALVE-PERTHES):-distructie progresiva a capului fem.;spatiuarticular pastrat;evolutie spre anchiloza;subluxatie,coxartroza;
2)OSTEONECROZA TIBIALA ANTERIOARA=boala OSGOODSCHLATTER-LANELONG):-cioc,nas de tapir,decolare si osteosinteza(realipire) sau detasare de fragment(soricel..).
3)VERTEBRALA=cifoscolioza juvenila(b.SCHEUERMANN)=
vertebre tasate,cuneiforme,scolioza,cifoza,hernii nucleu pulposintraspongios(noduli SCHMORL)(platouri ancosate);evolutie=>
spondilartroza precoce
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NECROZA
ASEPTICA A
NUCLEULUI DE
CRESTERE A
CAPULUI
FEMURAL
FRAGMENTARE
PULVERIZARE
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NECROZA ASEPTICA A CAPULUI FEMURAL
NECROZA ASEPTICA A CAPULUI FEMURAL:DEBUT
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Forma adultului
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NECROZA
ASEPTICA A
CAPULUI
FEMURAL:
TOMOGRAFIEPLANA
NECROZA ASEPTICA A
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NECROZA ASEPTICA A
CAPULUI
FEMURAL;SECHELE:
SUBLUXATIE
Artrite cronice nesupurate
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Artrite cronice nesupurate
1.SPONDILITA ANKILOZANTA(B.STRUMPEL-BECHTEREV)
DEBUT:sacro-iliac,periferic(genunchi),vertebral(C7-T1)
APECTE RX:DEBUT-ingustare,stergere,largire spatiu art.;-
condensarea osului subchondral;-osteoporoza;STARE -osificari ligamentare;-sindesmofite(ligam.perivertebrale
anrtero-laterale);
TERMINAL(IV):-osificarea ap.ligamentar=>ANKILOZARE==>
bat de bambus,sina de tramvai;-cifoza dorso-lombara larga=>
pozitia schiorului;
-artrite/artroze/ankiloze a articulatiilor mari:coxo-fem.,genunchi.
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SPONDILITA ANKILOZANTA:MODIFICARI SACROILIACE
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SPONDILITA ANKILOZANTA:SINDESMOFITE CERVICALE
SPONDILITA ANKILOZANTA:SINDESMOFITE
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SPONDILITA ANKILOZANTA:COL.VERTEBRALA
SPONDILITA ANKILOZANTA;EXTENSIE
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Artrite cronice nesupurate
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Artrite cronice nesupurate
2.POLIARTRITA REUMATOIDA.
CLINIC:-b.artritica cu teste inflam.pozitive;etiol.incerta=>componenta autoimuna probabila.Sediu la debut:artic.mici
DEBUT:-artic.falangiene,carpiene;-osteoporoza;largirea sp.art.
-chisturi,microgeode subchondrale,pe epifize;
EVOLUTIE:-subluxatii falangiene,deviatii cubitale in grifa,
ghiara;feuille au vent;-ankiloza fibroasa/punti osoase inter-falangiene;osteoscleroza sec.-extenzie la alte articulatii:picior,vertebrale,coxo-fem.;genunchi etc.
SD.CLINICE INCLUZIND P.R.:1)Sd.Still-Chaufard:copil,spleno-megalie,adenopatii periferice,febra;2).Sd.Felty:idem,adult;3)Sd.
Reiter-Fiesenger-Leroy:PR,uretrita,conjunctivita(posibil virala.?);
4)Sd.Kaplan-Colinet:PR +pneumoconioza;5)Sd.Goujerot-Sjgren:
PR.-artic.mari+uscare secretii salivare,lacrimare(xerostomie)
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POLIARTRITA
REUMATOIDA:
DEBUT/STARE
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POLIARTRITAREUMATOIDA STADIUL II
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POLIARTRITA REUMATOIDA:PERIOADA DE STARE
POLIARTRITA REUMATOIDA:STADIU AVANSAT
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POLIARTRITA REUMATOIDA:MINA IN feuille au vent
ARTROZA DEFORMANTA
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ARTROZA DEFORMANTA
B.DEGENERATIVA-primitiva=>virsta 2-a-3-a..;-secundara:=>
post-traumatica,necrotica,post-inflamatorie,metabolica etc.
ASPECTE RX:-ingustarea interliniului;scleroza subchondrala;
modificari epifizare:slefuire,dezrotunjire;osteofitoza margin,:productii osoase spiculare pe insertii ligamentare,tendinoase=>
ciocuri de papagal;-osificari capsulare;fen de vacuum articular
(vid-CT,IRMN=fen descris de DITTMAR -FERGUSON:degene-
rescenta cartilagiului=>grasime,aer ?!)
SEDII PREFERENTIALE:-coloana vertebrala(spondiloza defor)
--sold(coxartroza);genunchi(gonartroza)
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SPONDILARTROZA DEFORMANTA
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ARTROZA DE GENUNCHI(GONARTROZA)
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ARTROZA AVANSATA
DEGENUNCHI
(GONARTROZA)
COXARTROZA IN STADIU AVANSAT(ANKILOZA)
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HERNIE DISCALA L-5/S-1:RADIO.DIGITALA & CT.
CT VERTEBRO
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CT-VERTEBRO
DISCALA:
HERNIE
IRM H i di l
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IRM : Hernie discal
Protruzie discal focal
Sectiune orizontala sagitala