Curso CCAA Regular 5 Parte 2

24 - RG - P5 - Lesson 50

WHA T'S GOING ON?

The mother is feeding the girl.

He's painting the wall. She's painting a picture.

She's playing the guitar.

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RG - P5 - Lesson 50 - 25

SNAPSHOTS I

TEXT

Oriver: What's wrong? Don'tVOUlike hot dogs for dinner?

Mother: Isn't Joey terrific? Seehow well he plays the quitar,

Woman: Hey, aren't Vou Fritz,the famous German composer?Composer: I certainly amo

Vendor: Doesn't your ownerfeed Vou enough?

Customer: Don't Vou think l lookgorgeous in this swimsuit?

26 - RG - P5 - Lesson 50

Son: Don't VOUwant me to helpVou paint anymore?

Man on the left: My mother-in-Iawis coming to visit us for threemonths. Isn't that awful?

Wife: I can't wear this outfit tothe wedding. The dress doesn'tfit me.Husband: But, wasn't itcustom-made?

Boy: Didn't Vou say it was yourgrandpa's seventieth birthday?Girl: No, I said it was mygrandma's seventieth birthday.

Man: Lucy, didn't Vou set thealarm clock for 7 a.m.?

Wife: Yeah, but not for me.borrowed it from my sister.

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RG - P5 - Lesson 50 - 27

Lois:

) )Kim:

Lois:

Kim:

Lois:

Kim:

)

A weekend on Grandpa's farm

What did Vou do last weekend?

It was my grandpa's birthday, so my parents and I visited him andmy grandma on their farm.

How was it?

It was great. My grandma made a delicious peach pie.

Are there many animais on the farm?

Yes, there are a lot of horses, cows, chickens and pigs. OnSaturday night I set the alarm clock for 5 a.m., because I wantedto help Grandpa feed the animais. He fed the horses and the cowsand I fed the chickens and the pigs.

Lois: I would like to visit your grandparents' farm one day.

Kim: Great. I'm going to spend a week there during my summer

vacation and, if Vou want to go, 1'11take Vou with me.

)

Ju/ie: What's wrong, Lisa? Vou look tired.

What an awful neighbor!

Lisa: Well, I didn't sleep very well last night. My new neighbor played

his guitar until 2:30 in the morning. It was awful.

Julie: What did Vou do?

Lisa: My mother-in-Iaw, who was spending the weekend with us, triedto talk to him but it was impossible, so my husband called thepolice. We finally got to sleep at about 3 a.m.S'l.

28 - RG - P5 - l.esson 50

FURTHER USE OF ENGLlSH

I. ORDINAL NUMBERS

Pay attention to the way we form ordinal numbers:

To form ordinal numbers from 21 to 999 in English, we just change thelast word. For example, twenty-one becomes twenty-first.

a. in 1:

Look at the way we form ordinal numbers that end:

Pay attention to this:

11 o~~ - one hundre;(ffi)

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130~~-three hundre;~ 1

11.TO PLAV + THE + MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS

Pay attention to this:

John is playing the guitar.

We have to use the article the before names of musical instrumentswhen we use the verb to play

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PRACTICAL GRAMMAR

I. INDIRECT SPEECH PRACTICE

RG - P5 - Lesson 50 - 29

YOURMOTHERWILL LOVETHIS KITTEN.

SANORA SAIO, "YOURMOTHER WILL LOVE THISKITTEN.".---------'

Observe these changes in the dialogue.

SANORA TOLO PAULANDMEL THAT THEIR MOTHERWOULD LOVE THAT KITTEN.

Sandra said, "Your motherwilllovethis kitten."

)Sandra told Paul and Mel that their motherwould love that kitten.

Now take a look at another example.

Mr. and Mrs. Foster said, "Maybe ourgrandchildren will travei to Europe on theirvacation."

Mr. and Mrs. Foster said that maybe theirgrandchildren would travei to Europe ontheir vacatíon.

30 - RG - P5 - Lesson 50

Remember this:

In indirect speech:a. use their when your (pio) or our was used in the

original statement.b. use would when will was used in the original

statement.

11.NEGATIVE QUESTIONS

Compare these questions:

a. Is this purse yours?

b. Isn't this purse yours?

When should we use question a and when should we use question b?

When we use question a, we have no idea if the answer will be aftirmativeor negative. We don't know who the purse belongs to.When we use question b, we think or believe that the answer will beaftirmative. Question b is to be used when we are expecting yes as theanswer confirrninq what we think to be true.

Look at this example:

ISN'T SHE CUTE, DAD? SHE SURE IS. WHEN I LOOKAT HER, I REMEMBER YOURMOTHER YEARSÁGO. ----~~--~

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RG - P5 - Lesson 50 - 31

Now look at these sentences:

Aren't VOU working? (I expected VOU to be working.)

Don't VOU have anything better to do? (You must have something better to

do.)

Negative questions can also suggest surprise that something is not beingdone, or has not happened.

Remember this:

Negative questions are used: .a. when we expect or hope for an affirmative ans~er.b. when we want to suggest surprise that sornethlnq

is not being done or has not happened.

NoteUse contracted forms when asking a negativequestiono

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36 - RG - P5 - Lesson 51

SNAPSHOTS 1/

TEXT

Girl: Don't VOUknoek anymore?

Man: Can't Vou stop gossipingfor a minute? The house is onfire!

Man: Wouldn't it be better if Istood on your shoulders toehange the light bulb?

Sally: Won't anybody help me?Dave: Dan will. He went to lookfor a ladder.

Santa Claus: Won't thissnowstorm ever end?

Woman: Hey, Rambo, wasn'tthe letter earrier here a minuteago?

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)Husband: Isn't there a betterway to get rid of miee?

Boy: Mom, weren't there twofrogs on the sofa when Vou satdown?

Wife: Didn't your doetor tell Voulast week to stop eating sweets?

RG - P5 - Lesson 51 - 37

Man: Honey, aren't there anyclean soeks?

Husband: Honey, it's nine thirty.Aren't we going to eelebrate ourwedding anniversary?Wife: No. I want a divoree.

Husband: Yeah, and didn't yourtherapist tell Vou to mind yourown business?

38 - RG - P5 - Lesson 51

Tom:Hubert:

Changing a light bulb can sometimes be dangerous

What are you going to buy at this store?

I'm going to buy a ladder. Yesterday I had to change a lightbulb in my apartment and as we didn't have a ladder, I hadto stand on .the kitchen table to do it. Well, I almost fel!. Idecided then and there that it was time to buy a ladder.

Christmas is for kids

I like to celebrate Christmas with my family, especially with thekids. They write letters to Santa Claus telling him what they would like forChristmas. They love it when there is snow outside and we are ali sittingaround the fire on Christmas Eve. And they leave cookies and candy forSanta Claus. On Christmas morning, they get up really early to open theirpresents. I usually take pictures of them opening their gifts and playing withtheir new toys, Christmas is for kids, isn't it?

Husband:

Wife:

Is the mouse listening to, the gossip?

Can't you stop gossiping for a minute?

I thought your therapist told you to always mind your ownbusiness.

Yeah, he did. But the problem is that there is a mo use nextto your foot.

Oh, no!

Husband:

Wife:

Where did you put my new brush?

Mrs. Wilson: Did you take my new brush, Sandra?

Sandra: Yes, Mom, but I put it on the dressing table in your bedroom.

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RG - P5 - Lesson 51 - 39

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR


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DAD, IS GRANDMA GOING TOSTAY WITH US?

LUCY ASKED HER FATHER, "ISGRANDMA GOING TO STAYWITH US?"

g) w·, .

LUCY ASKED HER FATHER IFHER GRANDMA WAS GOINGTO STAY WITH THEM.

)!

Observe this change in the dialogue:

)Lucy asked her father, "Is Grandma going tostay with us?"

Lucy asked her father if her grandma was going tostay with them.

40 - RG- P5 - Lesson 51

Now take a look at another example:

Daisy asked Paul and Jennifer, "Does Davidstudy with you?"

Daisy asked Paul and Jennifer if Davidstudied with them.

Remember this:

In indirect speech, use them when us or Vou (pio)was used in the original statement.

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RG-P5-Lesson51-41

WHEN JOHNNV COMES MARCHING HOME

When Johnny comes marching home aJ;in,Hurrah, hurrah. M~h/-..e... J ")IV

We'll give him a hea~y .elcome then,Hurrah, hurrah.", . -, •...AJ'U."-<,··JThe men will cJJ!!tr 'd the boys will Sh~ tilThe ladies they wil1..all tum au~ ••And we'll ali feel gay ..' -~.When Johnny com.ffW· 'jrching home. .In eighteen hundrecfa ~ sixtY~j:l~,..,tlWJ&..r, hurrah, I~-+,. ,Tha! was when t~~JV.-arbegí1n I1Urrãh:h!&rr..ílil~ ~ ~ (/":.1.Ç<.

In eiqhteen hundr~B "ând&a!Yt1t~~ 9Jf!!~Cfif5were éllQ.r.I:l, in two'1(1)~)), . ,And we'lI ali drink s~wl(J ..e-r./'6i~ ~~ (--viJL~ I~>';" "When Johnny come~(Rí1~:f~g home. - ~ ~Get ready for the julJlI~urrah, hurrah,We'lI give the hero tbrté time~ree,Hurrah hurrah f,,I ;t': ..9j,> "..... .

"", ~a« I nThe laureJ..wrea ~s r.eady now to place upon his loy}3.7brQw,4 . J....Q. 'A_i~/And we 11 ali feeLg.êY .._- ~When Johnny comes marehing home.. J'"The old church bell will ebL~th jó.G.,. r: ! , 9-

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Hurrah, hurrah. .~ ~..I..Ivn~ o\k. '-'\ o:To welcome home our darlinf} b y, - 11 L.Hurrah, hurra.O /.~The village liji s d I ie say, with roses they wil! trew hJ way,And we'lI alr1eel gayWhen Johnny comes marching home.

) hearty- very enthusiasticto cheer- (here) to give shouts of congratulations and welcometo tum aut - to appear, to come to seegay- hàppybegun - poetic licensesides - the two opposing forces or armiesstonewine - wine made at homejubile e - celebrationlaurel wreath - a circular arrangement of leaves placed on the head of

someone who is victoriouslayal- faithfulbrow- the part of the head between the hair and the eyesto peal- to ring bells loudlyjay - astrong feeling of happinessdarling - very dear, much lovedlassie - young girlto strew - to throwhere and there

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44 - RG - P5 - Lesson 52

gift wheelchair

shopping cartlcart

WHA rs GOING ON?

The woman is pushing a shopping cart.

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RG - P5 - Lesson 52 - 45

TV COMMERCIAL - KMARTsM

TEXT

Woman on the left: Hi, Theresa.Woman on the right: Oh, hi.Did you see ali this RevereWare that's on sale? I'm gettingthis 7-piece set for mydaughter-in-Iaw.

Woman pushing the cart: I'mglad I gave KmartSM anotherchance.

Woman on the left: Oh, shemust be a very good cook.Woman on the right: Notyet... but I'm working on it.

Woman on the right: West8end Slow Cookers are a greatgift.Woman in the wheelchair:Yeah.Woman on the right: I justprepare everything in themorning, and it's ready whenget home.

L ESSON53WORDS IN ACT/~

bath towel

hanger

soap

a roll of toilet paper.

RG - P5 - LA~C:f'\"" C-:'I

46 _ RG - P5 - Lesson 52

r-r-=Ó: • the wheelchair:woma~ 10 ever oook?Doesn t Goe~rf;e right: Please\~~~r~;d cooking dinner for a

~~~'.: ...••.•in thp. wheelchair: Yeah.

RG - P5 - Lesson 52 - 47

Ta/king in the discount store

Emi/y: Hi, Judy.

Judy: Oh, hi. Didyou see ali this cookware that's on sale?

Emi/y: Yes, 1 bought a six-piece set for my daughter. She is going to livealone and she needs some pots and pans for her new house.

Judy: Does she know how to cook?

Emi/y: Not yet, but she's working on it.

8ob: Mom, let me pus e cart for a while.

Judy: OK, but go sloWly é1I' d be careful.

8ob: OK.

Judy: Let's go look at those toys on sale.

8ob: Yeah, let's.

Judy: Well, bye, Emily.

Emi/y: See you later, Judy.

An accident

Mr. Johnson: How is James, Dr. Williams?

Dr. Williams: Well, it was a bad accident, Mr. Johnson. Your son will haveto use a wheelchair for some time.

Mr. Johnson: How long will it be before he'lI walk again?

Dr. Williams: Don't worry. He should be walking in about two months.

50 - RG - P5 - Lesson 53

three pieces of coa I maid

twin sisfers

wings (of a bird) wings (of a plane)

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RG - P5 - Lesson 53 - 51

TEXTSITUATIONS

A STORYTELLER

Old lady: Once upon a timethere was a beautiful horse. Hewas as white as snow, his eyeswere as black as coal.

Old lady: The horse had wingsthat shone in the sun. His namewas Pegasus.

Boy: Please, Grandma, can youstart ali over again? I missed thebeginning.

52 - RG - P5 - Lesson 53

SMALL TALK

Woman on the left: Your son issuch a tall boy. Is his brother astall as he is?

Woman on the right: Yes, he is.They're identical twins.

Woman on the left: And whataboutyourhusband?Woman on the right: He is notas tall as the boys.

IN A HOTEL HALL WA Y

Guest: Excuse me, miss. Canyou qet me an extra bath towel,another hand towel, some moresoap and toilet paper, please?Maid: Certainly, sir. Anythingelse?

Guest: H'm ... oh, yes. I needsome hangers and anotherpillow too, please.

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RG - P5 - Lesson 53 - 53

Can you start ali over again?

)

Grandma: Once upon a time there was a beautifullady.

Tina: What was she like, Grandma?

Grandma: She was as white as snow. Her hair would shine in the sun.

Sally: Where did she live?

Grandma: She llved in a big house ...

80b: Please, Grandma, start ali over again. I missed the beginning.

One or the other?

Jocelyn: Uncle Harry, I want you to meet my friend Peter.

Mr. Dunn: Your sister introduced us yesterday, but, young man, I'm

pretty sure she said your name was George.

Peter: Oh, you talked to my brother. Sorry for the confusion, but weare identical twins.

At a hotel

Mrs. Lane: (on the phone) Yes, ma'am. 1'11get the maid to take them toyour room. (to the maid) Helen, the guest in room 201 is

asking for an extra bath towel, a hand towel, a bar of soapand a roll of toilet paper.

Maid: Anything else, Mrs. Lane?

Mrs. Lane: Yes, take some hangers and an extra pillow to room 327.

54 - RG - P5 - Lesson 53

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR


Look at this sentence:

HARRY, I'LL TALK TO VOUABOUT YOUR TEST GRADETOMORROW.

THE TEACHER SAIO, "I'LLTALK TO VOU ABOUT YOURTEST GRADE TOMORROW."

THE TEACHER TOLO HARRYTHAT SHE WOULO TALK TOHIM ABOUT HIS TEST GRADETHE NEXT DAY.


The teacher said, ''/'II talk to Vou about yourtest grade tomorrow."

The teacher told Harry that she would talkto him about his test grade the next day.

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RG - P5 - Lesson 53 - 55

.Now take a look at another example:

Sally said, ''We have to save money for our tripnext year, Peter."

)

Sally told Peter that they had to save moneyfor their trip the following year.

Remember this:

In indirect speech:

a. Use the next day ar the following day whentomorrow was used in the original statement.

b. Use the following week, month, year, etc.ar the next week, month, year, etc. whennext week, month, year, etc. was used mthe original statement.

,11. COMPARISON OF EaUALlTY

Look at these sentences:

j Pegasus' eyes were as black as coat.

Ted is 6 feet tall. Jason is 6 feet tall toa. Ted is as tall as Jason.

ou1r'~In the sentences above, we are saying that the two items are the samein some way. We are using the comparative of equality.

Look at how we form the comparative of equality:

56 - RG - P5 - Lesson 53

Remember this:

To say that two items are the same insome way, we use the comparative ofequality (as +adjective + as).

Here's another example:

YOUR LlTTLE BROTHER IS ASCUTE AS MINE.

11I.COMPARISON OF INEQUALlTV


I paid $8,000 for my caroMelinda paid $10,000 for her caroMy car was notas expensive as Melinda's caro "

Sarah is 12 years old. Her friend Dana is 14 years old. Sarah is not as oldas her friend.

In the sentences above we are saying that the two items are different insome way. So we use the comparative of inequality.

Look at how we form the comparative of inequality:

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Remember this:

RG - P5 - Lesson 53 - 57

To say that two items are differe~t in s0t"!leway, we use the comparative of inequality(not as + adjective + as).

Now look at another example:

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58 - RG - P5 - Lesson 53

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RG - P5 - Lesson 54 - 59

L ESSON54[------__~W~O~R~D~s~m~A~c~r.~ro~N~J

teapot

60 - RG - P5 - Lesson 54

TEXTTV COMMERCIAL - HALLMARK®

Girl wearing pants and blouse:Go out and come back in. And 1'11fix the table.Girl wearing a darkdress: OK.

Girl wearing pants and blouse:Won't you come in?Girl wearing a dark dress: 1willcome in.

Girl wearing pants and blouse:Would you care for some tea?Girl wearing a dark dress: Oh,yes.Girl wearing pants and blouse:Be careful because it's really hot.

Girl wearing pants and blouse:Oh, somebody'shere.

Girl wearing a dark dress: My,this is a very nice place!Girl wearing pants and blouse:Thank you. We like it too.

Girl wearing a dark dress: Doyou know why 1 stopped by?Because it's your birthday.Girl wearing pants andblouse: Vou remembered!

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Girl wearing a dark dress: Yes,and I brought you this.

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Girl wearing pants and blouse:Oh, it's a Hallmark® cardo Nowthat is very special,Girl wearing a dark dress:Well, it is your birthday.

Girl wearing pants and blouse:Now that was fun. Vou want to doit again?

RG - P5 - Lesson 54 - 61

Girl wearing pants and blouse:"Happy birthday to yOU. Love,Sue."

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Girl wearing pants and blouse:I think we'lI put it right up here foreveryone to see it.Girl wearing a dark dress:Good idea.

Girl wearing a dark dress:Yeah, but this time it's mybirthday. Vou go wait outside.Girl wearing pants andblouse: OK.

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62 - RG - P5 - Lesson 54

A Valentine card

Denise: Good morning, Fay.

Fay: Oh, hi. Come on in. ) )/"

Denise: Thanks.

Fay: What are you doing out so early?

Denise: Well, I'm on my way to the dentist's. But I'm early, so I decidedto stop by.

Fay: Would you care for some tea?

Denise: I'd love some. It's really cold outside. Oh, what a beautiful teapot.

Fay: It was a present from my mother. 8he bought it in Europe.

Denise: It's really beautiful.

Fay: By the way, look at the Valentine card I got yesterday.

Denise: Who sent it to you? }I

)Fay: I don't know. There's no name on it. Read it.

Denise: "Happy Valentine's Oay. Vou are very special to me." Wow! Vouhave to find out who sent it.

Fay: But I have no idea.

Denise: Well, the only thing to do is wait. Who knows? Maybe the personwill call or maybe he'lI send you something else.

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR


Look at this dialogue:

IF GREG 18 HOME, I WILL IINVITE HIM OVER FOROINNER. I

/iY R

RG - P5 - Lesson 54 - 63

MARV TOLO PETE THAT IFGREG WERE HOME, 8HEWOULD INVITE HIM OVERFOR OINNER.

MARV TOLD PETE, "IF GREG 15HOME, IWILL INVITE HIM OVERFOR DINNER.".-----------'1

~

Observe these changes in the dialogue:

Mary told Pete, "If Greg is home, I will invitehim over for dinner."

Mary told Pete that if Greg were home, shewouíd invite him over for dinner.

Hernernber this:

In indirect speech, the formula (if + present) ... willbecomes (if + past) ... would.

64 - RG - P5 - Lesson 54

11.SOMEONE or SOMEBODV, ANVONE or ANVBODV

A.SOMEONEorSOMEBODYLook at this sentence from the lesson:

"Oh, somebody's here."

The girl means there is some person at the door. She doesn't know who.


There is someone at the door, but 1can't see who it is.

Mr. Grant is looking for somebody to help him in the restaurant.

Remember this:

Someone and somebody are derivatives of someand mean some person.Someone and somebody have the samemeaning, so we can use either one in a sentence.

SOMEONE and SOMEBODV are used in AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES.

There is someone next to Paul. 'Tina, there's somebody lookingfor you."

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B.ANYONEorANYBODYNow look at these sentences:

RG - P5 - Lesson 54 - 65

There isn't anybody in that room.

1don't know anyone who can speak Japanese.

Remember this:)

Anyone and anybody are derivatives of any andmean any person.

Anyone and anybody have the same meaning, sowe can use either one in a sentence.

ANVONE and ANVBODV are used in NEGATIVE SENTENCES.

"There isn't anyone in thisroom."

"Mrs. RoII won't let anybody goon vacation this month." .

Vou learned that in affirmative sentences we use someone or somebody,and that in negative sentences we use anyone or anybody. What do weuse in interroga tive sentences? Vou will find the answer on the next page.

66 - RG - P5 - Lesson 54

In INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES, we can use SOMEONE, SOMEBODY,ANYONE or ANYBODY.

"Does anyone (anybody,someone, somebody) haveEd's phone number?"

"ls there someone (somebody,anyone, anybody) in t h isroom?"

Now look at these interrogative sentences:

Would Vou like someone (somebody) to helpVou change the light bulb?,

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Would someone (somebody) help me changethe light bulb?

I s,.'l

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~

Someone and somebody (not anyone andanybody) are normallyused in interroga tivesentences when making offers or requests.

"Can someone tell me how towork this VCR?"

"Would Vou like somebody to fixyour stereo?"

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RG - P5 - Lesson 54 - 67

Finally, take a look at these:

)

"If anyone here needssomething, don't hesitate toask."

"With these slow cookers,anybody can cook fantasticmeals."

Remember this:

Anyone and anybody can also be used inaffirmative sentences to refer to any person withoutdistinction.

SUMMARY:

Someone and somebody

* affirmative sentences* interrogative sentences* interrogative ssntances when making offers or requests

Anyone and anybody

)* negative sentences* interrogative sentences . .,.* affirmative sentences to express the idea of any person wtthout distinction

68 - RG - P5 - Lesson 54

Let's take a look at somespecial dates in the U.S.A.

~\}fV- fl~~Flag Day is celebrated on

June 14, the date in j7]Z 1"hen the ~~Conti,~~~1Congress~~teft~e itãrs -t Aand Sfr\jYe> as he official flag of the JUtlE I'"United States. . L.!::~;;'------

The American!JPg was first deSlgke;d~YGeorge Washingtonand two other revo,l.l1tionaryleaders in 1776, after the colonies haddec ared their independence from Great Britain. The flagWPIfainédthirteen horizontal stripes (seven red ones and six whiteones) ~at. S~?Oliz~d the thirteen coloni~s, and thirteen whitestars arr#geifin a circle that represented the unity and equalityof these colonies.

. , vpThe Stars and Stripes has b~en redesiqned many times

since the original was made, but it still contains thirteen stripes inhonor of the original colonie~.;.T~ft,Jeare now fifty stars (one for~ach state) arranged in nine ro~àlternating with six stars in onerow and five in the next. The last two stars were added in 1959when Alaska was admitted to the Union and jn 1960 when Hawaiibecame t/1efiftieth state.

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RG - P5 - Lesson 55 - 69

L ESSON55WORDS IN ACTION

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a flat tire jack

spare tire/spare

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steering wheel the trunk of a car

70 - RG - P5 - Lesson 55

computer typewriter

This man has a black beard.

WHA T'S GO/NG ON?

AShe's typing a letter.

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,.:}.r -'Si-{;J

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TEXT -4.z'fo.;v4 - 1-:/, < ~ •, I CI/',f ' I v, ••

SITUATIONS tr,i't{ \ /"';.;:..,;_{I

IN THE NEWSROOM /Jô-r: 10 Ác.; c.

Reporter at the computer:Darn it! Because of thiscomputer problem, I may notfinish this article before five.

RG - P5 - Lesson 55 - 71

Reporter with a beard: Whydon't you use one of thecomputers downstairs?Reporter at the computer:There aren't any availablenow. 1'11 have to use thetypewriter. There's nothingelse I can do.

ONTHEROAD

Wife: Uh-oh, sornethinq's wrong.The steering wheel is pulling tothe left.

Husband: Vou have a flat tire.Pull off the road.

Husband: Open the trunk sothat I can get the jack and thespare.Wife: I'm so glad you're here. Ihave no idea how to change aflat tire.

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72 - RG - P5 - Lesson 55

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Husband: I want you to watch.Next time you may be alone.

RG - P5 - Lesson 55 - 73

A flat tire

Mrs. Fenn: Darn it! Something's wrong with the caro

Michelle: What do you think it is, Mom?

) Mrs. Fenn: Well, the steering wheel is pulling to the left. We may have aflat tire. 1'11 pull off the road and check it out.

Some minutes later ...

Mrs. Fenn: It is a flat tire.

Michelle: Now what do we do?

Mrs. Fenn: The jack and the spare are in the trunk. 1'11try to change thetire.

But you don't know how to change a tire, Mom. Don't youremember the last time you tried?

Mrs. Fenn: Then we'Il have to wait for someone to stop and help usoThere's nothing else we can do.

Michelle:

) Should I correct the mistakes?

Sarah: Paul asked me to type this paper for him, but he made somemistakes.

Fay:

Sarah:

Who's Paul?

Fay:

He's one of my friends from the university. He's tall, blond andhas a beard.

Oh, I remember him now. Well, I think you should correct themistakes and then tell him about it.

Sarah: That's exactly what I'm going to do.

74 - RG - P5 - Lesson 55

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR

I. MAKING AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES WITH MA Y


I want you to watch me change this flat tire because you may be alone the-next time it happens.

We are not sure what we're going to do next year. We may visit our friendsin Mexico.

We may visit our friends in Mexico next year if we have enough money.

Remember this:

We use may to talk about the possibility ofsomething happening.

Now look at this chart:

Note ~

IVouHe have to work late tonight.SheIt may rain tonight.WeVou have to work late tonight.They

1. Don't add an s to may for he, she, or it.2. May is followed by the infinitive without to.

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lRG - P5 - Lesson 55 - 75

11.MAKING NEGATIVE SENTENCES WITH MAY


Because of this computer problem, I may not finish this article before five.

I don't feel well. I may not go to the party.

Remember this:

1. In the negative we can use may to talk aboutthe possibility 01 something not happening.

2. We put not after may to make a negativestatement.

3. We do not normally contract may and noto

Now look at this situation:

)

The young man in the picture wants to know about the possibility of hisfather getting angry with him.The young man does not use may in his questiono

Note ~May expressing possibility is not normally used inquestions.

76 -- RG - P5 - Lesson 55

Let's take a Iook a1;somespecial dates in the U8.A.

. Independenée Day, also called the Fourth of July, is the mostimportant patriotic holiday in the United States. It celebrates

. the date when the Declaration ot Independence was adoptedby the Continental Congress: July 4, 1776. .Independence Day was first observed in Philadelphia on July8, 1776, when the Deçlaration of Independence was firstpublicly read. One of its most famous paragraph says:"We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that ali Men arecreated equal, that they are endowed" by their Creator withcertain unalienable2 Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty,and the Pursuir' of Happiness - That to secure these Rights,Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their justPowers from the Consent of the Governed."The Fourth of July is a summer holiday and a day oft frem work.That'swhy many people enjoy thisholiday by going on picnicsor to beaches. Independence Day is also celebrated withfirework displays and parades. The American flag is flown andred, white, and blue ribbons are used for decoration atpublicceremonies. Throughout the nation, church bells ring tocelebrate the day when the Philadelphia Liberty Sell firstproclalmed American independence.1 to be endowed with something - 10 be given2 unalienable - that cannot be Iranslerred3 pursuit - lhe act 01 Irying 10 lind ,somelhing; search

• I

)

)

RG - P5 - Lesson 56 - 77

L ESSON56

WORDS IN ACTION

)

This is a map of Florida. Louisiana is in theUnited States .

~IJ-__ •••

Switzerland is a country in Europe.

WHAT'S GOING ON?

This woman is skiing.

78 - RG - P5 - Lesson 56

WELL- TRA VELED

TEXT

D.: I have traveled ali around theStates.

A.: Really? Is it like California?D.: No, not at alI.

D.: Maine has a lot of ski resorts,like Switzerland.

A.: Have you been to Maine?D.: Yeah. Maine's terrific.

D.: It's very different fromCalifornia.

A.: Which southern states haveyou been to?

)

)

r

)

) D.: I've been to Louisiana andFlorida.

D.: Florida is muchwarmer, andthe people are more outgoing.

A.: And which state did you likebest?

RG - p5 - Lesson 56 - 79

A.: Are they alike?D.: Nope.

D.: Louisiana is moreconservative. A typical southernstate.

D.: Oh, definitely California.There's no place like home.

80 - RG - P5 - Lesson 56

How about visiting the States?

Thinking of traveling on your next vacation? How about a trip to theUnited States? Vou can visit states that are so different from one anotherthat they seem to be different countries.

If you like winter and snow, it's not necessary to go to Switzerland toski. Vou can ski at some of the most beautiful ski resorts in the world inMaine and Vermont, two northern states. Want to go to the beach? Try asouthern state. Florida is famous for its beaches.

And you can see some Broadway plays in New Vork City; listen tojazz in New Orleans; Louisiana; walk along the streets in exciting Chicago,IIlinois; and eat fantastic seáfood in San Francisco, California.

Vou're sure to find.what you're looking for on your trip to the States.And you'II have a lot of stories to tell when you get back home.

Teaching Geography

Robin: Mom, is Boston in the eastern ar western part of theUnited States?

Mrs. Thompson: It's in the East.

( )

( '1/ "

"''"I -

RG - P5 - Lesson 56 - 81

CULTURAL NOTE

The Southern States ~egi0 ~s ione of the seven regions ?f th' _ ~continental United .States. fi.. thó gl1 not ali of these states are, s,.!rict'Y;:;1speakinq, located m the southern part of the country, they are called .~Southern States because most of them formed the Confederacy (the group r'

of Southern States that broke away frorn the Union) during the Civil War '"/.P,(1861 - 1865). The names of the southern states are: ' ~

)

(J

1 . A'-rkansas 8. Florida

) 9. North Carolina2. Louisiana

3. Kent~cky 10. South Carolina

4. Tennessee 11. Virginia

12. West Vi~nia5. Mississippi

6. Alabama 13. Maryland

7. Georgia

82 - RG - P5 - Lesson 56

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR


Look at this example:~------------------~.-.I THINK I'LL TALK TOMR. JOHNSON TOOAY.

PAT SAIO, "I THINK I'LL TALKTO MR. JOHNSON TODAY."

PAT SAIO THAT HE THOUGHTHE'O TALK TO MR. JOHNSONTHATDAY.


Pat said, "I think 1'11 talk to Mr. Johnsontoday."

Pat said that he thought he'd talk toMr. Johnson that day.

Remember this:

In indirect speech, we use that day when todaywas used in the original statement.

)

\I--'

)

)

RG - P5 - Lesson 56 - 83

Look at these charts:

11.THE PAST PARTICIPLE

Regular verbs:

present tense past tense past participleclean cleaned cleanedlisten listened listenedplay played played

Irregular verbs:

present tense past tense past participleputreaddogive

putrelddone

.Q/Y\

given

putrE\,adcfÍCj

gave

Remember this:

)

)

1. Regular verbs

The past participle of regular verbs is the same asthe past-tense form, e.g. cleaned, played, etc.

2. Irregular verbs ~

a. for some irregular verbs, the past participle is thesame as the irregular past-tense formoe.g. put,read, etc.

b. for other irregular verbs, the past participle iscompletely different from the other forms of theverboe.g. done, given, etc.

At the end of this book Vou will find a list of the past participles of alithe irregular verbs Vou have learned so faro

84 - RG - P5 - Lesson 56

111.THE FORMATION OF THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

A. Affirmative form

Look at this diagram:

Daniel==c-subjecl

hasT

+ to have in +lhe presenl

traveledI

around the States.

past participleof lhe main verb

Remember this:

To form the present perfect tense, we use the verbto have in the present and the past participle of themain verbo


FULL FORM CONTRACTED FORM

1have passed I've passed

Vou have passed You've passedthe exams.

He has passed He's passed

She has passed She's passed

It has rained It's rained a lot recently.

We have been We've been

Vou have been You've been to Maine.

They have been They've been

(j

B. Interrogative form

Compare these sentences:

Daniel has traveled around the States.

) Has Daniel traveled around the States?

RG.- P5 - Lesson 56 - 85

Take a look at how we form an interrogative sentence in the present perfecttense.

~Daniel traveled around the States ?

Remember this:

To form an interrogative sentence in the presentperfect tense, we put the verb to have before thesubject.


Have 1passedHave you passedHas he passed the exams?Has she passed

Has it rained a lot recently?

Have we beenHave you been to Maine?Have they been

86 - RG - P5 - Lesson 56

c. Negative form

Now compare these sentences:

Daniel has traveled around the States.

Daniel has not traveled around the States.

Look at how we form negative sentences:

Remember this:

Toform a negative sentence in the present perfecttense, we place not after the verb to have.

Finally look at this chart:

FULL FORM CONTRACTED FORMI have not passed I haven't passedVou have not passed Vou haven't passedHe has not passed He hasn't passed the exams.

She has not passed She hasn't passedIt has not rained It hasn't rained a lot recently.We have not been We haven't beenVou have not been Vou haven't been to Maine.They have not been They haven't been

j I \ )

RG - P5 - Lesson 56 - 87

IV. USING THE PRESENT PERFECTTENSE


I have been to Louisiana and Florida.

Tina Wilson has been to Europe.

In both of the sentences above someone did something in the past,but we do not know exactly when s/he did it. What happened was moreimportant than when it happened.

Remember this:One of the uses of the present perfect tense iswhen we want to talk about something thathappened in the past without saying exactly whenit happened.

When the time isn't mentioned because it is notnecessary, not important, or not known, we use thepresent perfect tense.

/

V. LlKE ANO ALlKE

J Compare these sentences:

items being compared --

items being compared

88 - RG - P5 - Lesson 56


New Mexico is like Arizona: both have a strong Mexican influence.

ilems being compared

New Mexico and Arizona are alike: both have a strong Mexican influence.


Remember this:

1. We use like and alike to compare people, things,places and situations that are like each other insome way.

2. We use like between the items being compared.

3. We use alike afterthe items being compared.

VI. OIFFERENT ANO OIFFERENT FROM


.:::..:..:.:::..:...:::..:...o::....r~'-"Ia::.:s::..::s:..:::e..::::sare different from Oiana's sun


Remember this:

=.!=,-",-==.:.:Ia:;:s::..::s:..:::e..::::sare different.


1. We use different from between the itemsbeing compared.

2. We use different afterthe items beingcompared.

)

r )

RG - P5 - Lesson 56 - 89

)Labor Day is a legal holidaytha hono s working people andthe labor movement. It iscelebrated on th i t Mondayof September ~ roughout theUnited States, Puerto Rico, andCanada.

Two men have been credited with suggesting the celebration ofLabor Day in the United States: Matthew Maguire, a machinistfrom Paterson, N.J., and Peter J. McGuire, a New YorkCity carpenter. Both

I d an importan..~ ....;(~/.J.1.ro e in stêging thefirst Labor Dayparade in New YorkCity in September1882.Nowadays LaborDay celebrationsinclude parades and meetinqs by labor organizations, but formost people it is a day of rest and recre.ation. Occurring just

before most of thenation's schoolsreopen, Americanfamilies use thethree-day weekendas a final summervacation.

* to stage -: 10 plan and organize

90 - RG - P5 - Lesson 57


airport helicopter

ship submarine

camel

Egypt is a country in Africa.

) )

) )

RG - P5 - Lesson 57 - 91

HA VE VOU EVER ... ?

TEXT

J.: Look at that! Have you everbeen on a ship?A.: I sure have.

J.: I've never been on a ship.

A.: No kidding! When was that? J.: Last year, when we went fromJFK to La Guardia.

92 - RG - P5 - Lesson 57

c.: VOU know, my dad has eventraveled on a camel.

A.: He was there last year.

c.: Of course not. Don't tell meyou have.D.: Yes, I have.

A.: Yeah, that was in Egypt.

D.: Have you ever been in asubmarine?

)

)

RG - P5 - Lesson 57 - 93

Chuck:

Jennifer:

Chuck:

Jennifer:

Chuck:

Jennifer:

Chuck:

Jennifer:

)

Chuck:

Have you ever been on a ship, Jennifer?

Yes, I have. I love the oceano My parents and I have traveled

on the Queen Anne three times.

Oh, how nice. What was it like?

Oh, it was great.

It must be really neat. I've never been on a ship, but I have

traveled by helicopter.

I would never travei by helicopter. I'd be afraid.

No kidding! Why?

I'm afraid of flying. Once I was going to visit my grandmother,

and I decided to go by plane. But when I arrived at the airport,

I got so scared that I went to the train station, bought a ticket,

and went by train.

I can't believe it.

94 - RG - P5 - Lesson 57

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR



THIS CAMEL IS MINE. YOURS ISOVER THERE.

MARY TOLO PETE, "THIS CAMELIS MINE. YOURS IS OVER THERE."

Observe these changes in the dialogue:

MARY TOLO PETE THAT THATCAMEL WAS HERS, ANO SAIOTHAT HIS WAS OVER THERE.

Mary told Pete, "This camel is mine. Yours isover there."

Mary told Pete that that camel was hers, andsaid that his was over there.

Remember this:

In indirect speech, use his/hers when mine/yourswas used in the original statement.

/ )

RG - P5 - Lesson 57 - 95

11.THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE VS. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE


Jean has traveled by plane.

Jean traveled by plane last year.

)

In the first sentence, we're told that Jean traveled by plane, but we're nottold exactly when. The time is not important. The present perfect tensewas used. In the second sentence, we're told exactly when Jean traveledby plane. She traveled by plane last year. The simple past tense was used.

Remember this:

1. Use the present perfect tense to talk about anaction that happened at some non-specific timein the past.

2. Use the simple past tense to talk about an actionthat happened at a specific time in the past.

1. In the present perfect tense, what happened ismore important than when it happened.

2. In the sim pie past tense, what happened andwhen it happened are equal/y important.

)Now look at this example:

YES, I HAVE.

96 - RG - P5 - Lesson 57

111. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE WITH EVER

Look at this example:

Fay: Have you ever traveled by helicopter?John: Yes. I traveled by helicopter five years ago.

In the question, Fay wants to know if John has traveled by helicopter at anytime in the past.

When we want to know if someone has done or will do something at anytime, we use ever.

When we are talking about the past, but we are not talking about a specifictime, we often use the present perfect tense with ever.

Remember this:

1. Ever means at any time.

2. We often use ever with the present perfect tensewhen talking about the past.

Now look at this dialogue:

Roger: Have you ever been to Egypt?Paul: No, I've never been to Egypt.

Remember this:

1. Never means not everor at no time.

e.g. John has never learned how to roller-skate.

2. We use never in negative sentences when theverb is in the affirmative form. Compare:

a. Karen has never been to Mexico.b. Karen hasn't ever been to Mexico.

) )

)

RG - P5 - Lesson 57 - 97

Let'stake a look at somespecial dates in the U.S.A.

Halloween is celebrated on October 31.Halloween is a short way of saying AliHaJlow's Eve, the night before Ali Saint's Day,November 1. Although Halloween gets itsname from a Christian festival, its customs areof pagan origin: from a Celtic festival in honorof Samhain.

Every year lhe ancient Druids (Celtic priests and teachers) honoredSamhain, lord of death. Supposedly, demons of evil and death, spirits of thedead, ghosts and witches roamed the countryside on the last night ofOctober, so the Druids built huge bonfires to scare them away. The Druidsalso dressed in ugly and frightening costumes so that the demons wouldthink they were one of them and do them no harm.

From this festival, then, come the symbols of Halloween: ghosts,skeletons, devils, witches, and black cats. The jack-o'-Iantern, a hollowed-outpumpkin carved in the appearance of a demonic face and with a lighted candleinside, is also of Celtic origino According to an Irish legend, jack-o'-Ianterns werenamed afler a man called Jack, who could not enter heaven because he wasa miser. Jack couldn't enter hell eilher for having played jokes on lhe devil. Asaresult, Jack had to walk the earth with his lantern until Judgment Day.

Nowadays Halloween is one of the favorite holidays of Americanchildren. At night, they put on costumes and masks and go from house tohouse saying, "Trick or Treat!" If the children don't receive a "treat" of candyor cookíes, they may play a trick. Typical Halloween pranks are soapingwindows, writing on doors with crayons, overturning garbage cans, andsticking pins into doorbells to keep them ringing.

98 - RG - P5 - Lesson 58


bowl

glass plate

envelope

stamp

()

~ I)

I -

RG - P5 - Lesson 58 - 99

WHAT'S GOING ON?

)

She's doing the dishes.

The car is being towed away.

100 - RG - P5 - Lesson 58

TEXTSITUATIONS

CHAOS IN THE KITCHEN

Mother: Have VOU done thedishes yet?

Daughter: No, not yet, but I'vealready broken three glasses, aplate and a bowl. It shouldn'ttake long now.

AN UNPLEASANT SURPRISE

Lady: Ofticer, my car has beenstolen! I parked it somewherearound here an hour ago andnow I can't find it.

Police officer: It's been towedaway, ma'am. This is ano-parking zone.

RG - P5 - Lesson 58 - 101

A MISPLACED LETTER

Sister: I just can't find Bob'sletter. Have Vou seen itanywhere, Peter?Brother: Are Voutalking about athick envelope with a Frenchstamp on it?Sister: Yes, Iam.

Brother: Sorry, but I haven'tseen it either.

102 - RG - P5 - Lesson 58

Sarah:

Mary:Sarah:

Mary:Sarah:

Mary:

Mrs. Pollock:Ofticer:

Mrs. Pollock:

Officer:Mrs. Pollock:Officer:Mrs. Pollock:

Why doesn't Tina wesn the dishes?

Sorry, Mary, but I have to go in now. I have to wash the

dishes.

Why don't Vou ask Tina to do them for vou?

Well, the last time Tina did the dishes, I had a very

unpleasant surprise.

What happened?

When I went into the kitchen, she had already broken two

glasses, a bowl and two plates. I told her to stop before she

broke anythingelse. I really don't understand how she could

break so many things in such a short time.

If Vou want something done right, I guess Vou have to do ityourself.

Where is my car?

Officer, my car has been stolen.

Why do Vou think someone stole your car, ma'am?

Because I parked it somewhere around here an hour ago

and now I can't find it anywhere.

Take it easy, ma'am. Your car has not been stolen.

Oh, I'm so happy to hear that.

It's been towed away. This is a no-parking zone.

Oh, no!

What a crazy world!

Mr. Simon: Listen to this: "Man steals wife's jewels to pay off debts."

Mrs. Simon: What a crazy world!

)

)

RG - P5 - Lesson 58 -103

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR

I. THE USE OF ALREAOY ANO YET

A. Already


Mrs. Johnson: Harry, will Vou please fix the lock on the front door?Mr. Johnson: I've already fixed it. lt'sOK now.

) Remember this:

1. We use ALREADV in AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES.2. We generally use already with the present perfect

tense (usually placed between the auxiliary verband the main verb).

Now look at another example with already:

AREN'T THEY ALlTTLE YOUNGFOR NOSTALGIA?

~

8, Yet


. I haven't finished my homeworK yet.Ann hasn't done the dishes yet.

Remember this:

1. We use VET in NEGATIVE SENTENCES.2. We usually put yet at the end of the sentence.

• I

104 - RG - P5- Lesson 58

Now look at another example with yet.

)

BOY, THAT WASFAST! I HAVEN'TEVEN ORDEREDVET.

C. Already or yet in interrogative sentences

Vou learned that we use already in affirmative sentences and yet innegative sentences. What do V:-Ie use in interrogative sentences?

In INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES, we. can use either ALREADV or VET.

We can say either:

"Have vou already done your homework?"

or:

"Have Vou done your homework yet?"

D. The use of yet in short answers

Now look at this example:

"Have vou done the dishes yet?""No, not yet."

Inthis dialogue, not + yet was used to give a short negative answer.

Remember this:

We can use not yet for a short negative answer.

RG - P5 - Lesson 58 -105

11.SOMEWHERE and ANVWHERE

Somewhere and anywhere referto an indefinite place.

We make affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences withsomewhere and anywhere the same way as with some and any.

Here are some examples to help Vou remember how to use somewhereand anywhere.

)A. Somewhere is used in affirmative sentences.

e.g. I would like to eat somewhere that's quiet and inexpensive.

B. Anywhere is used in negative sentences.

e.g. I can't find the letter anywhere.

C. Both somewhere and anywhere are used in questions.

e.g. Is there a post office somewhere in this neighborhood?

Did Vou go anywhere last night?

) D. In questions expressing offers or requeste, somewhere is preferred toanywhere. .

e.g. Do Vou want somewhere to stay for the night? --- offer

Could Vou put your books somewhere else? --- request

E. Anywhere can be used in affirmative sentences meaning any p/acewithout distinction.

e.g. Put these books anywhere Vou want.

106 - RG - P5 -lesson 58

2 grave - a place where a dead person is pu!.

In 1919, President Wilson established Armistice Dayto commemoratethe signing of the armistice (November 11, 1918), which brought World War Ito an end. Originally, it was recognized as a day of tribute to the veteransand the dead of this war.

In 1954, President Eisenhower signed a bill' changing the name ofthe holiday to Veterans Day and extending the tribute to lhe veterans anddead of ali wars.

Veterans Day celebrations in the United States include parades,speeches and floral tributes placed on servicemen's graves2 or memorials.Special services are held at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in ArlingtonNational Cemetery, Virginia. To Americans, the Unknown Soldier symbolizesali servicemen who have died in defense of their country.

1 bill - a written proposed statute presenled 10 Congress 10 be discussed and Ihenvoled.

, I

) )

RG - P5 -lesson 59 - 107

LESSON59WORDS IN ACTION

a person's nose

An alligator has a broad nose.

)bell

knife

a dog's nose

A crocodile has a pointed nose.

doorbell/bell

knives

108 - RG - P5 - Lesson 59

WHA T'S GOING ON?

She's cutting the cake.

He's singing.

) )

) )

RG - P5 - Lesson 59 -109

TEXTSITUATIONS

Husband: Sorry I rang the bel!,but I forgot the key. I'm gladyou're awake.

Albert: Jackie, I'm worriedabout the physics final. I thinkI'm going to flunk. What do youthink I should do?

Husband: I mean, almostawake.

Jackie: Quit missing classes,pay attention to the teacher andstudy hard. I'm sure you'l! passo

Albert: hate talking to you,Jackie.

110- RG - P5 - Lesson 59

Boy: Mom! Daryl and Cynthiahurt themselves.

Mother: Why are you so upset?

Mother: What happened?Daryl: Nothing serious. 1 cutmyself with a knife and she cutherself while she was washing aglass.

Son: Jacko has lost his voiceand won't be able to sing tonight.They've decided to postpone theconcert until next week.

• I

)

) )

) Father: Hey, what a hugecrocodile.

RG - P5 - Lesson 59 - 111

Johnny: Sorry, Dad, that's analligator. Crocodiles have pointednoses whereas alligators havebroad noses.

Father: Sometimes we askourselves who this bookwormtakes after.

112 - RG- P5 -lesson 59

It was on/ya bad dream

Danie/: I have to study ... I have to study ...

Mr. Robinson: Son, why are you talking to yourself?

Danie/:To keep myself awake. I'm going to have my physics final

tomorrow. If I don't study hard, 1'11 flunk. I'm so sleepy, Iwon't be able to study everything.

Teacher: Ali of you PGlssed ... except Daniel Robinson. Daniel, go

stand on that bridge. Wait thers until you hear a bell ring.Jump! Vou have to jump nowl

Mrs. Robinson: Dan. Dan. That was your classmate Jane1. Your teacher

has decided to postpone the test, Oh, I almost forgo1. Aliceleft this alligator here for you.

)

)

RG - P5 - lesson 59 -c- 113

PRACTICAL GRAMMAR

I. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Observe these two situations:

A. B.

)

NOW LET ME THINK. WHERE010 I LEAVE MY GLASSESTHIS TIME?

I HAVEN'TEITHER, ANOI'M GLAD. WEGOTADIVORCELASTWEEK.

I HAVEN'TSEENYOURHUSBANDAROUND.

d ? ~ s he's talking to a. ti A ·IS Mr Strickland talking to anybo y. e,In situa ion A, . .?

What about in situation B.~m~. , . ~

In situation B, Mr. Strickland is talking to Mr. Strickland. He s talkmghimself. Himself is a retlexive pranoun.

Look atthis diagram:

a. subject and object are different:

)

subject object

b. subject and object are the same:

He is looking at himself in the mirrar.

subject object

114 - RG - P5 - Lesson 59

Remember this:

We use reflexive pronouns when the performer(subject) and the receiver (object) of the action arethe same.

Take a look at this chart:

PERSONALPRONOUNS REFLEXIVE PRONOUNSI myself

Vou yourself

He himself

She herself

It itself

We ourselves

Vou yourselves

They themselves

Note E.i Observe that the ending of the plural formsourselves, yourselves and themselves isdifferent from the ending of the singular forms. Theplural of self is selves.

Here is another example:

THIS 18 ONE OF THE WAY8 AMAN CAN FEEL LlKE A LlTTLEBOY AGAIN.

1CUT HONEY,MYSELF. PUT

80METHINGONIT.

! )

) I

RG- P5 - Lesson 59 -115

11. TO BE ABLE TO

The expression to be able to is equivalent to can. It rneans to have thenecessary power, abílity or qualifícations to do something.

To be able to can be used in any tense just by conjugating the verbto be.

Take a look at these sentences:

PRESENT "Are you able to speak German?" (Can you speak German7)

PAST "When I was younger, I was able to run a mile in six minutes."(When I was younger, I could run a míle ín síx mínutes.)

FUTURE "Your son is very intelligent. I'm sure he'lI be able to speakFrench very soon." (Here, to be able to is the only form thatis acceptable because can is never used with wíll.)

Here's another example:

)

OH, VERYSOON.

I SHOULD SAY IN LESSTHAN 47 YEARS.

WHEN DOYOUTHINK I'LL SEASLETOTAKEPART IN THE'OLYMPICS?

III

116 -RG -P5 -lesson 59

l"~NKSG\~\NGfOURTH lHURSDA'I lM

NOVEMBER

The idea 01 Thanksgiving canbe traced back to the time 01the Pilgrims. In 1620, thePilgrims arrived in Plymouth,Massachusetts, escaping lromreligious persecution in Europe.Not knowing how to survive inthe wilderness and having tolace an exlremely cold winter, lhe Pilgrim colony lost aboul hall ofits members. Sul new hope arose 1 in lhe summer of 1621. TheIndians had laughl the Pilgrims how to hunt, fish, and grow food;and for lhe firsl lime there would be a good corn harvestê. Thus, inearly autumn, Governor William Srandford arranged a harveslfestival 10 give thanks 10 God for the progress the colony had made.The firsl Thanksgiving Days in New England were, Iherefore,harvest festivais, or days for Ihanking God for plenliful cropsê,

Nowadays Thanksgiving is an annual legal holiday, celebraledon lhe fourlh Thursday in November. 1I is usually a family day,celebraled wilh big dinners which include roasl turkey and pumpkinpie. In facI, going home for Thanksgiving is a national custem. ManyAmericans Iravellong dislances 10 spend the holiday at home.

1 to arlse, arose, arlsen - 10 begin 10 exisl.2 harvest - lhe cutting or picking 01 cullivaled planls when Ihey are ready 10

be ealen or processed.3 crops - lhe plants Ihal YÇlU collecl at harvesl lime.

I )

III

III

I)

RG- P5 -lesson 60 -117

LESSON60[~------~W~O~R~D~S~W~A~C~TJ~ro~N~-------J

)

hamburger/burger

evening gown

water fountain

nightgown

machines

118 - RG - P5 - Lesson 60

lobby

receptionist

WHA T'S GOING ON?

They're getting married.

)

) )

RG- P5 - Lesson 60 -119

TEXTSITUATIONS

AN EVENING GOWN OR A NIGHTGOWN?

)Husband: Sweetheart, we canleave for the reception as soonas you're dressed.

Wife: Haven't you noticed that Iam dressed?

IMPOLlTE MACHINES

Robot: Vou'll find a waterfountain on the left-hand side ofthe lobby.

Man: Excuse me, can you ...MALlCIOUS GOSSIP

Short-haired woman: I've heardMarian has finally gotten married.Long-haired woman: Vou'rekidding. Who would marry her?

Robot: For further information,contact our receptionist.

Short-haired woman: Vourex-husband.

'-

120 - RG - P5 - Lesson 60

TAKE YOUR TIME

Student: Professor Bates, I'mawfully sorry, but I haven'tfinished my paper yet.

Professor: Don't worry, Josh.Vou can hand it in next semester.

WISEOWNER

Oark-haired man: Have youtried the burgers at that diner?They're horrible.

CULTURAL NOTE

Blond man: No, I haven't. Iknow better. After ali, I own theplace.

In schools in the United States, the first semester (or fali semester)usually begins the last week in August or the first week in Septemberand ends the second week in December.

Winter break is from the third week in December until the first week inJanuary.

The second semester (or spring semester) begins after NewYear's andends the first or second week in May.

Students are on summer vacation during the months of June, July andAugust.

- ,RG - P5 - Lesson 60 -121

Gossiping about a wedding

Tina got married yesterday.

Oh, really? Where did she get married?

She got married in a beautiful church in Sunnyvale. Thereception was at the Sunnyvale Country Club.

What was the reception like?

The reception was great, except for the food, which was horrible.

Who was there?

Ali of her family and a lot of her friends from school. Everybodywas elegantly dressed except for ...

Except for who?

Well, do you remember Susan?

Of course I do. What about her?

Well, she was wearing an evening gown that looked like anightgown. We didn't know if she was dressed to go to a partyor to go to bed.

Angela: Well, you know she really isn't what we can call elegant.

RacheI: I know, and then there was an incident ...

RacheI:

Angela:) ) RacheI:

Angela:

RacheI:

Angela:

RacheI:

Angela:

RacheI:

Angela:

RacheI:

J )

Is there a water fountain around here?

Mr. Timmons: Can you tell me where I can find a water fountain?

Receptionist: You'lI find one in the lobby on the right-hand side of theelevator.

Mr. Timmons: Thank you.

Receptionist: You're welcome.

122 - RG - P5 - Lesson 60

Christmas season is the most festive time ofthe year in the United States. About a monthl~~_"''''''''''''before the holiday itself, street lights and store

•• windows are already decorated with thetraditional Christmas colors of red and green.Store windows also display snowmen,angels, Santa Claus, and Nativity scenes.

Some Christmas customs which Americans enjoy today areshared by Christians ali over the world. For example, many Americansattend church services on Christmas Eve or Christmas morning. Peoplein the U.S. also like to decorate their Christmas trees with lights andcolorful ornaments and place presents under the tree. Families opentheir presents on Chrlstmas Eve or Christmas morning. Some Americanyoungsters hang up stockings 1 so Santa can fill them with candy, fruitand other small gifts.

A typical Christmas dinner in the U.S. includes stuffed turkey,mashed potatoes, and cranberry" sauce. Eggnog is a popularChristmas beverage in many homes.

Ali over the world, and in America as well, Christmas is celebratednot only as a religious holiday, but also as a time for families and friendsto get together, enjoy a big Christmas dinner, and exchange gifts.

1stocking - a long sock2cranberry - a small red truit.,..--- ..•

)

a bar of (WIA) - L. 53a.m. -L. 50after ali - L. 60airport - L. 57alarm clock (WIA) - L. 50alike -L. 56ali over again - L. 53alligator (WIA) - L. 59almost - L. 59already - L. 58annlversary - L. 51anybody - L. 51anymore - L. 49anywhere - L. 58appreciate, to - L. 49article - L. 55artist (WIA) - L. 49as soon as - L. 60as ••• as - L. 53available - L. 55awful- L. 50awfully - L. 60

VOCABULARY LlST

RG - P5 - Voe. Lis! - 123

Note: This list contains the new words introduced in each lesson together withthe corresponding number of the lesson. The symbol (WIA) is used for aliwords that are presented in Words in Action.

A

Bbath towel (WIA) - L. 53be able to, to - L. 59beard (WIA) - L. 55because of - L. 55been -L. 56beginning - L. 53bell (WIA) - L. 59bookworm - L. 59bowl (WIA) - L. 58break, to - L. 58broad - L. 59broke - L. 58broken - L. 58brother-in-Iaw - L. 50brought - L. 54burger (WIA) - L. 60

ccamel (WIA) - L. 57candid - L. 49candy bar (WIA) - L. 49cart (WIA) - L. 52celebrate, to - L. 51chance - L. 52change, to (WIA) - L. 51chaos - L. 58clean - L. 51coal (WIA) - L. 53composer - L. 50computer (WIA) - L. 55conservative - L. 56contact, to - L. 60cook (WIA) - L. 52cook, to - L. 52cooker - L. 52cookware (WIA) - L. 52eras h, to - L. 49creativity - L. 49crocodile ~WIA) - L. 59custom-made - L. 50cut, to (WIA) - L. 59

Ddarn it - L. 55daughter-in-Iaw - L. 50decide, to - L. 59definitely - L. 56different from - L. 56diner -L. 60discount store - L. 52divorce - L. 51do the dishes, to (WIA) -

L.58done - L. 58dress, to - L. 60dressing table (WIA) -

L.51dummy (WIA) - L. 49

Eeastern - L. 56Egypt (WIA) - L. 57electric guitar - L. 50elsewhere - L. 49end, to - L. 51enough - L. 50envelope (WIA) - L. 58even -L. 57evening gown (WIA) -

L. 60ever - L. 51everyone - L. 54ex - L. 60

Ffali, to - L. 49father-in-Iaw - L. 50fed - L. 50feed, to (WIA) - L. 50fell-L.49final - L. 59finally - L. 60finish, to - L. 55fire (WIA) - L. 51fire, to - L. 49fit, to - L. 50fix, to - L. 54flat (tire) - L. 55Florida (WIA) - L. 56flunk, to - L. 59folder (WIA) - L. 49forgot - L. 59French - L. 58frog (WIA) - L. 51frustrated - L. 49frying pan (WIA) ~ L. 52full moon (WIA) - L. 49fun - L. 54further - L. 60

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Curso CCAA Regular 5 Parte 2