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Cyborg-Cybernetic Cyborg-Cybernetic Organism Organism Prashant Patel Prashant Patel CS-575 CS-575

Cyborg Cybernetic Organism

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The term cyborg is defined as an organism that is a self-regulating integration of artificial and natural systems. A cyborg is a cybernetic organism.A human cyborg is a human who has certain physiological processes aided or controlled by mechanical or electronic devices

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Page 1: Cyborg Cybernetic Organism

Cyborg-Cybernetic OrganismCyborg-Cybernetic Organism

Prashant PatelPrashant Patel

CS-575CS-575

Page 2: Cyborg Cybernetic Organism

Overview:Overview:

HistoryHistory

Steve MannSteve Mann

E-Y-E-T-A-PE-Y-E-T-A-P

Kevin WarwickKevin Warwick

Cyborg 1.0Cyborg 1.0

Cyborg 2.0Cyborg 2.0

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What is Cyborg?What is Cyborg?A cyborg is a cybernetic organism.A cyborg is a cybernetic organism.The term cyborg is defined as an The term cyborg is defined as an organism that is a self-regulating organism that is a self-regulating integration of artificial and natural integration of artificial and natural systems.systems. A human cyborg is a human who has A human cyborg is a human who has certain physiological processes aided certain physiological processes aided or controlled by mechanical or or controlled by mechanical or electronic devices electronic devices

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History:History:

The idea of a man-machine mixture The idea of a man-machine mixture was popular in science fiction before was popular in science fiction before World War IIWorld War II

In 1960 Manfred Clynes and Nathan In 1960 Manfred Clynes and Nathan Kline had combined the words Kline had combined the words cybernetics and organism to form a cybernetics and organism to form a new term: cyborgnew term: cyborg

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Steve Mann:Steve Mann:

Steve Mann is a tenured professor a Steve Mann is a tenured professor a the department of electrical and the department of electrical and computer engineering at the computer engineering at the University of Toronto.University of Toronto.

Many newspaper have described him Many newspaper have described him as “the World’s first Cyborg”.from his as “the World’s first Cyborg”.from his early work with wireless wearlable early work with wireless wearlable webcams.webcams.

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E-Y-E-T-A-PE-Y-E-T-A-P

Electric eyeglassesElectric eyeglasses

Traditional eyeglasses modify what Traditional eyeglasses modify what we see optically, so the refraction of we see optically, so the refraction of the glass is what limits us in terms of the glass is what limits us in terms of the amount of processing that we the amount of processing that we can do to correct our vision.can do to correct our vision.

EYETAP can do more kinds of EYETAP can do more kinds of processing processing

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Cont…:Cont…:One of its function is a wearable One of its function is a wearable face recognizer to help people with face recognizer to help people with Alzheimer's recognize and remember Alzheimer's recognize and remember and see things, or people with visual and see things, or people with visual memory disability find their way memory disability find their way around .around .Goal of this project is to help people Goal of this project is to help people see better and remember things see better and remember things better.better.

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Cont..:Cont..:

With eyetap With eyetap you can see the you can see the individual person but you might also individual person but you might also see other information.see other information.

a sort of biographical data.a sort of biographical data.

Ex.: you can Ex.: you can associate a name with a associate a name with a face, so that it can help to not forget face, so that it can help to not forget faces.faces.

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Kevin Warwick:Kevin Warwick:

Kevin Warwick is Professor of Kevin Warwick is Professor of Cybernetics at the University of Cybernetics at the University of Reading Reading

the world's leading expert in the world's leading expert in Cybernetics Cybernetics

Mainly interested in connecting Mainly interested in connecting human brain with machine brain.human brain with machine brain.

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Why Interested in this?Why Interested in this?

CalculationCalculation

Human MemoryHuman Memory

Limited SensesLimited Senses– Ultrasonic SingalUltrasonic Singal– Infrared SignalInfrared Signal– Ultraviolet SignalUltraviolet Signal– X-ray-we convert it into Visual picture to X-ray-we convert it into Visual picture to

understandunderstand

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Cont..:Cont..:

3 Dimension Limitation.3 Dimension Limitation.– Example of 5 Dimension problem.Example of 5 Dimension problem.

Serial CommunicationSerial Communication

-Can’t Communicate with more -Can’t Communicate with more persons together.persons together.

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Cyborg1.0Cyborg1.0A Simple RFID transmitter being implanted A Simple RFID transmitter being implanted in Mr. Warwick’s skin.in Mr. Warwick’s skin.It doesn’t carry any battery but it receives It doesn’t carry any battery but it receives power through coil.power through coil.And after that he used to control doors, And after that he used to control doors, lights, heaters and other computer-lights, heaters and other computer-controlled devices based on his proximity.controlled devices based on his proximity.The main purpose of this experiment was The main purpose of this experiment was to test the limit of the body would accept to test the limit of the body would accept and how easy it would be to receive a and how easy it would be to receive a meaningful signal from the chip. meaningful signal from the chip.

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How it Can be helpful?:How it Can be helpful?:

It gives you a unique code.It gives you a unique code.

It is quite possible for an implant to It is quite possible for an implant to replace an Access, Visa or bankers replace an Access, Visa or bankers card card

An implant could carry huge amounts An implant could carry huge amounts of data on an individual, such as of data on an individual, such as National Insurance number and blood National Insurance number and blood type, blood pressure type, blood pressure

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Cont..:Cont..:

clocked in and out of office clocked in and out of office automatically.automatically.

Find the exact location of the person Find the exact location of the person in the office.in the office.

Useful for the car security.Useful for the car security.– Car remain disabled unless it recognized Car remain disabled unless it recognized

the unique signal from its owner. the unique signal from its owner.

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Cyborg 2.0Cyborg 2.0In 2002 a one hundred electrode array In 2002 a one hundred electrode array was was surgically implanted into the median nerve surgically implanted into the median nerve fibres of the left arm of Professor Kevin fibres of the left arm of Professor Kevin Warwick. Warwick. A number of experiments have been A number of experiments have been carried out using the signals detected by carried out using the signals detected by the array.the array.As a result of this professor warwick was As a result of this professor warwick was able to control light, electric wheel chair able to control light, electric wheel chair and an intelligent artificial hand. and an intelligent artificial hand.

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Cont..:Cont..:

As this implantation goes success As this implantation goes success one chip is implanted into his wife’s one chip is implanted into his wife’s median nerve.median nerve.

ResultResult

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Future work:Future work:

Robot will be controlled by a Robot will be controlled by a biological brain.biological brain.

brain to brain communication brain to brain communication

For that brain implant is required.For that brain implant is required.

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In the field of medical technology, In the field of medical technology, devices known as prosthetics have devices known as prosthetics have been developed to replace or aid been developed to replace or aid failing body parts. Prosthetic devices failing body parts. Prosthetic devices have been created to assist and have been created to assist and restore an alarming variety of body restore an alarming variety of body parts, including skeletal and joint, parts, including skeletal and joint, organs (cardiovascular, kidney, cell) organs (cardiovascular, kidney, cell) neural (brain, vision, auditory), and neural (brain, vision, auditory), and aesthetic or cosmetic.aesthetic or cosmetic.

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What will humans gain from What will humans gain from advances in cyborg technology? Will advances in cyborg technology? Will these benefits be worth the potential these benefits be worth the potential risks? In order to answer these risks? In order to answer these questions we will explore some data questions we will explore some data from various sources on heart failure, from various sources on heart failure, kidney disease and assisted kidney disease and assisted technology devices.technology devices.

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Heart failure is estimated to afflict Heart failure is estimated to afflict approximately 5 million Americans. This approximately 5 million Americans. This number is expected to double within the number is expected to double within the next five years.next five years.Heart failure causes or contributes to an Heart failure causes or contributes to an estimated 290,000 deaths per year.estimated 290,000 deaths per year. According to the National Kidney According to the National Kidney Foundation, “20 million Americans - 1 in 9 Foundation, “20 million Americans - 1 in 9 US adults - have CKD(chronic kidney US adults - have CKD(chronic kidney disease) and another 20 million more are disease) and another 20 million more are at increased risk”at increased risk”

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With the aid of cyborg technologies, humans gain With the aid of cyborg technologies, humans gain the ability to prolong their lives and assist the ability to prolong their lives and assist otherwise failing parts of the body. In 2001 the otherwise failing parts of the body. In 2001 the FDA approved a new type of pace maker that FDA approved a new type of pace maker that sends specially timed electric impulses to the sends specially timed electric impulses to the heart's lower chambers. “Medtronic studied use heart's lower chambers. “Medtronic studied use of the device in 579 patients with moderate to of the device in 579 patients with moderate to severe congestive heart failure at 44 medical severe congestive heart failure at 44 medical centers in the U.S. and Canada… Overall, the centers in the U.S. and Canada… Overall, the majority of the patients in whom the pacemaker majority of the patients in whom the pacemaker was turned on showed improvement in either was turned on showed improvement in either quality of life scores, distance they were able to quality of life scores, distance they were able to walk or their heart failure classification. walk or their heart failure classification. Approximately one third of patients in the control Approximately one third of patients in the control group also saw improvementgroup also saw improvement

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The benefits of cyborg technology The benefits of cyborg technology are vast and are expanding, and are are vast and are expanding, and are helping people live normal lives and helping people live normal lives and in some cases give a human a better in some cases give a human a better advantage physically.advantage physically.a tiny digital video camera replaced a tiny digital video camera replaced the eyes of a blind manthe eyes of a blind man Brain stem and cochlear implants Brain stem and cochlear implants enable deaf people to hear againenable deaf people to hear again

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