Datasets and MapBuilding.pdf

8/11/2019 Datasets and MapBuilding.pdf

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2013TheEgyptianGeological

Survey andMineralresourcesAssociation

G: Kareem Amen

DATASETS ANDMAPBUILDINGIn this tutorial you will learn the steps required to develop a polygon

spatialdataset, using the tools of building a Digital geological map andOther features like Creating a Thematic map and Surface Grid map.


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September 2013 DATASETS AND MAPBUILDING

The Egyptian Geological Survey and Mineral resources Association 1

ncome

Discover

Training

1

Restification

Open your Rastar Image ... Rastify it.

or From Discover>> Images menue .


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2 Data Entry and Digtization

Make Several tables according to the

information of the map...

File >> New table add to current mapper

Create New >> Create .

1. Hamata_geology...Insert 3 columns > RockCode

..Description.. Age.

2. Hamata_structure.

Insert one column called lineType refers to

the Structure like Faults, Anticlines ..etc.

3. Mineral_table.

insert one column refers to Major

Minerals.


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Before Digitizing, Decide whats to be

digitized first. And make the rectangle

boundary of the map.

Make the layer of the certain table which you will work

on it Editable .. for Example Hamata_Structure

layertable.And the Icon Move Duplicate nodes in

different layers

1. Use the Map Making>Styles Library


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function when digitizing the linework toapply the appropriate

attribute to the linework. This function is applicable forlines,

points and polygons.

Discover >> Replaced Utilities >> Style Library.select the style you want for your Digitized points Fault,

Normal Fault .. Dyke ..etc

NoteNote that when you change to another table, you need to reset theTableAndColumnchoices in the dialog box.


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2. Digitize the first Normal faults then select all of themand from the Map Styles Box apply > Normal fault ..

you will find them in the table of the Structure Layer.

3. Select The Structure Layer and make it editable thenDigitize the Structure features by Polyline orPolygon

And From Map Style add the Rock Code .. Description..and The Age .


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Select the Polyline of the Editable Layer and SelectEdit >> Reshapeto remove the extra nodes .

4. Building A colour Table..

Before colouring the geological units (the polygons), a colour table mustbe

created. This table will hold the geological codes for each polygon, the

colour definition for each unit and a description, if required.

Discover => Colour Map Menu

Colour Map => Setup => Create empty ColourTable => Save as Finalcol.tab


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Mapinfo Menu Bar => Edit => New Raw

Ctrl+E File => Save Table Ctrl+S

In the Browser => Map Code Column => EnterThe geological unit codes and theirDescription. => Ctrl+S.

Colour Map => Edit Colour table =>highlight the Code and colour it for eachone => Ok.


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5.Attributing and Colouring the map

select one or more polygons that has the same geologicalcode

Discover => Replaced utilites => Styles Library =>Colour Table => Colour Code.


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You should also use the Styles Library to apply styles and attributes to

linework such as faults and fold axes.

6.Line Annotation Make the Structure layer Editable.

Discover => Map window => Select by

graphycal styles => Get theselected object style.


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Discover => Map Making => Line annotation.


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Line annotation => Annotation Type => NormalFault => Save annotation table => New table =>

Finalann.tab


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7.Labelling

select the editable layer and the item you wanna label it .

Discover => MapMaking =>Label Creator

Lable creator => Table Hamata_Structure

Column => Line Type

Table Hamata_Structure_Label => Generate.


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8.Mineralization :

Select the Editable Mineral Layer and distribute the Mineralsaccording their occurance on the map by Symbol icon

Drawing .

After distributing several different of Minerals withdifferent symbols, choose a certian mineral => Select by

Style

=> Discover => Replaced utilites => Styles library

=> Add a name and Code for the Mineral and choose a shape for it . ex:Gold .. Au ..

Repeate this step for the rest of Minerals ..


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9.Creating a Legend ...

Map => Create legend => Geology, Structure,

Minerals.

Hamata_geology ExpressionCode+Chr$(13)+Rock+Chr$(13)+Description+Chr$(13)+

Age


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From Discover => Map Making => Legend

10. Scaled Output:


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Choose File>Page Setup. Choose A4 Landscape.

Choose Discover>Scaled Output.

When you are satisfied with the frame position, select

the Scaled Output>Accept Map Position menu option

The titleblock dialog box opens next. Enter the

following details ..


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11. Add Scaled Frame to Layout Make the Geology Legend map window active and

select the Discover>Map Making>Add Scaled Frame to

Layout menu item.


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12. Creating a Location Map

Choose File => Open Table. open the table Egypt in a

New Map Window.


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Draw a red rectangle to represent the location of our mapwithin Egypt.

Select Discover=> Oject Editing=> Key-In-Shapes .

Choose to draw onto the Cosmetic Layer. Click on

Rectangle as object type, click on the polygon icon and

choose a Red

colour.

Choose Map>Save Cosmetic Objects to a new tabl

Location Area.


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13. Adding the Location Map to the

Layout Window

The Location Map Window should be active. Select

Discover=> Map Making =>Add Scaled Frame to Layout.

14. Exit Scaled Output and Plot Map


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Choose Scaled Output>Exit. A dialog box appears allowing

you to save the map grid, titleblock and a workspace. If you

want to plot more copies of your map later, you should check

the three boxes and enter appropriate table names to save the

titleblock and map grid. If you dont, you may need to go

through the scaled output process to create the map again.With

the finally scaled map displayed you can the print the map by

choosing File>Print. An example map with titleblock, legend

and location map is shown below. You can nominate to use thePrint to File option if you do not have the correct printer

connected, or if you need to print multiple copies of this map at

a later date.


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Create a Thematic Map :

To do this, open the menu: 'Map' (1) -> 'Create Thematic

Map ...' (2).

In the next window, choose 'Type' as 'Ranges' (1)

and 'Template Name' as 'Region Ranges, Default'

(2). Click 'Next' (3).


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To access Show/Hide Theme LegendWindow:

Choose Options> Show/Hide Theme Legend

Create a new thematic map, choose 'Type' as'Ranges' (1), but in 'Template Name' select 'Point


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Ranges, Sizes varying'(2). Click the Next button(3).

The Result


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Creating a Grid and profile Surface :

With A Legend ..


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Surface Grid

Discover can produce a gridded surface from anymapped data, which has anumeric column

representing a z-value or grid channel. Examples of

this type ofdata include topographic spot heights, soil

geochemical sample results orgeophysical data such

as ground magnetic, or gravity data. Discover can

also gridline and polygon data providing there is an

associated numeric z-value. Thereforeit is possible


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to create a grid directly from data such as contour

lines without havingto pre-process the data first and

convert the line information into points.

A surface grid is a rectangular array of points, each

of which has an interpolated Zor height value. The Z

value in a grid may represent either real heights

(such astopographic elevation, depth to weathering

or coal seam thickness) or mayrepresent a

geochemical, geophysical or other value (such as

gold concentration,radiometric total count or rainfall.

The surface grid is generated from a set of input

points each of which have a location and a Z value

for that location.

Theres away in which a grid can be displayed as

contours. Contours aregenerated from the output

grid by tracing lines of equal Z value across thegrid.The contour lines do not provide as much

information as a grid, but do offer another

visualisation method. This is useful for displaying

contours of one grid overa second grid (for example,

soil geochemistry contours over a magnetics grid).

Configuring Grid File Formats

Discover> Surfaces> Configuration> Grid Handlers.


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Once a grid format has been selected, all grids

created from this point use thespecified format .

1. Open the date file Spot_Hights

2.Check the Elevations values range by selecting Query> Calculate Statistics.


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3. Choose Surfaces>Create Grid>Interactive.Select the table to be griddedand click OK.

4.On the Input tab of the Interactive Gridding

dialog, select from the list of available

fields to grid. Located above the grid preview are six

buttons and a pull-down list. These buttons control

the display properties of the grid in the preview

window. Ensure the Histogram equalisation

button is selected and from the drop

down list.

5.Right-mouse click in the preview window to displaythe pop-up menu:


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>>Data Conditioning

option enables you to condition or annotate the data

usedto grid. The input grid data can be clipped to

specified extents, null values can beexcluded from the

gridding process or converted to background values

andminimum and maximum capping values can also be

set.

6.On the Method tab, set the Estimation technique

to Triangulation. Triangulation uses the Delaunay

triangulation method which creates triangles between

all data points. Grid cell values are assigned based on

the coplanar values of the triangle, where each grid

cell is located. This gridding method is best suited to

datasets which need to honour the original data input

points as accurately as possible: e.g. elevation data.

Other types of datasets such as geochemical data

can be gridded using different interpolation methods

such as Minimum Curvature or Inverse Distance

Weighting. The Grid Geometry tab specifies the

grid cell size which may be altered manually if

required. The extents of the data to be gridded can

also be altered under the Data Coverage options.


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7.On the Output tab save the grid in a called . Click the

Save button and Discover will save the grid and

open it up into a new map window or the mapwindow containing the SPOT HEIGHTS data.

Statistics button displays the input data statistics, as a histogramdistributionand in graphical format. The Statistics Explorer can display the input grid data

using univariate, bivariate, spatial and variogram statistical methods.


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8.Select Surfaces>Grid Contouring.... On the Grid

Contouring dialog select as

the Grid to contour. Make the minor contour

interval 100 and the major 500. Save the output fileas the default in the

Discover Tutorial\Surfaces folder.

Click Process to initiate. When complete click Close on theprogress dialog. You can use the Surfaces>Label Contour Linesmenu option to add contour labels to your contours.

9.choose Surfaces>Modify Grid Display


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10. Create a Profile from a Grid

Open The Geology Table This table contains coloured

polygons representing geological units. In the Layer Control

window drag the GEOLOGY layer below the TOPO GRID

layer. Give the grid a transparency of 50%, to do this go

Surfaces>Modify Grid Display on the colour tab, click the

Transparency box and drag the slider to 50% you should beable to view the geology polygons beneath the grid.reorder


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the layers so that the GEOLOGY layer is on top of the grid

when you have finished.

Make the Cosmetic LayerEditable and with the Line tool

draw a line across the centre of the image, from left to right.

Selected the line then > Surfaces> Draw Grid Profile

> Option.

Check Show Layer Intersections and click the Select

Layer button. Check and select as the attribute field. Click OK.

Select the Display tab and check the Axis Y, Grid Y, Axis Xand Grid X check boxes as below.


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Select the DataTable button, the DataTable containing the

profile values will appear below the Profile as below.

To save this profile into MapInfo Professional, click on

Export button.Choose a suitable name, it will default to

.

Documents

Datasets and MapBuilding.pdf