Characteristics of 21st Century learnersParadigm change

21ST Century SkillsCritical thinking & Problem SolvingCollaboration across NetworkLeading by InfluenceAgility AdaptabilityInitiative

21ST Century Skills (contd.)EntrepreneurialismEffective Communication-Oral & WrittenAccessing InformationAnalyzing InformationCuriosityImagination

Paradigm Change

3Rs to 4C

Reading wRiting aRithmatic

Critical Thinking, Communication, Collaboration, Creativity

What is the role of teacher in this changed scenario?Teachers will have to examine their roles as teachers rather than continue to rest on their strengths as subject experts They have to be concerned more with developing autonomous learners rather than with expanding a subject-disciplineIf the purpose of learning is to produce independent learners, then the teacher must be regarded, not as a dispenser of knowledge, but as one who dispenses with knowledge as the major outcome of education

Role of a teacher in 21st century is to provide opportunity to learner to learn how to observe and guide them how to acquire & process information to construct new knowledge.

What is LEARNING?

Approaches to learning

Behaviorism Cognitivism Constructivism

Learning Style

Basis of classification

Basis of classification

Basis of classification

Basis of classification

ObjectivesObjectives can be divided into three major areas as under Cognitive Affective Psychomotor

Set inductionExplanationClosureStimulus variationReinforcement of student participationQuestioningDifferent instructional skills like:

SET INDUCTION Why?Purpose:To focus students attention on the lesson,To create an organizing framework for the ideas that are to follow,To extend the understanding of abstract ideas,To stimulate student interest & involvement in the lesson.

Usage of set inductionCommencement of new topic.Introduction of new concept / principle.Initiating a discussion.Presentation of a guest speaker.Initiating Question & Answer session.Beginning a laboratory exercise.

ExplanationState Key Points WHAT?WHY?HOW?Give ExamplesGive Non-ExamplesTake feedback on understanding of learners about key points explained

EXPLANATION

Refers to planned teacher talk designed to clarify any idea, procedure, process not understood by a learner.

PURPOSE:To show a direct-cause effectTo show that a particular action is governed by a general rule / lawTo illustrate a procedure / processTo show the intent of an action / process

CLOSURE

Closure- What?

Refers to those actions or statements by teachers designed to bring a lesson presentation to an appropriate conclusion.

Closure- Why?

PURPOSE:To draw attention to the end of a lesson or lesson segment.To help organize the student learning.To consolidate or reinforce the major points to be learned

CLOSURE USAGE

End of a long unitClose a discussion, Q & A sessionEnd of a skill building activity.Reinforce presentation of a guest speakerConsolidate learning experienceOrganize thinking around a new concept / principle

INTERACTION PATTERN

INTERACTIONHandling Questions Asking Questions Accepting Responses Receiving Questions

Skill of QuestioningHow do we ask questions ?

Probing QuestionsTo clarifyTo support a point of viewTo seek consensusTo test accuracyTo elicit exampleTo ensure relevanceTo raise a consciousness of complexity

How to ask questions?CLARITY & COHERENCE.DISTRIBUTING & DIRECTING.PAUSING & PACING.ENCOURAGING.PROMPTING & CUING.ACCEPTING RESPONSE.WAIT TIME

STIMULUS VARIATIONPurpose- To alleviate sense of monotony & boredom of studentsTEACHER MOVEMENTTEACHER GESTURE-hand,body,faceFOCUSINGINTERACTION STYLEEYE CONTACT & MOVEMENTTEACHER VOICEPAUSING-SILENCESHIFTING SENSORY CHANNELS

SILENCE & NON VERBAL CUECategories of non-verbal cues:FACIAL- smile, frown, serious lookBODY MOVEMENT- moving towards respondent, thinking poseHEAD MOVEMENT- noddingGESTURES- pointing to student, motioning to continue or to stop

INSTRUCTIONAL PLANNING

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