Decolonization and Globalization China after Mao Zedong Slide 2
Essential Question: How did China evolve in the years after Mao
Zedongs death? Warm Up Questions Slide 3 Mao Zedong ruled Chinas
Communist Party from 1945 to 1976 Maos Great Leap Forward &
Cultural Revolution were strict socialist programs Even though Mao
split with the USSR & began relations with the USA, China
remained a strictly-controlled communist nation Slide 4 In 1976,
Mao died & was succeeded by moderate Communist leaders In 1978,
Deng Xiaoping took over China & began new economic reforms
Slide 5 Deng Xiaoping's economic reforms were called the Four
Modernizations & involved using capitalist ideas to help
improve the Chinese economy Goal #1Agriculture Ended collective
farms & allowed farmers to rent land and grow crops for a
profit As a result, food production increased by 50% Goal
#2Industry Allowed private businesses, relaxed controls over govt-
run factories, & let foreign companies open in China As a
result, incomes rose & Chinese bought consumer goods, like TVs
& appliances Price index for farm outputs Goal #3Defense
Modernized the military & built more nuclear weapons Goal
#4Technology Invested in education, built a space program, &
welcomed foreign technological ideas Slide 6 These economic reforms
led to a boom in the overall Chinese economy; In 2010, China passed
Japan & became the #2 economy in the world Slide 7 Dengs
reforms had unintended consequences for Chinese society Chinas
emphasis on education & the influx of Western companies led
many Chinese to learn more about democracy & question their own
lack of personal freedoms Thousands of students demanded democracy
& protested in Beijings Tiananmen Square in 1989 student leader
Wang Dan in Tiananmen Square calling for a city wide march. Slide 8
Check out this fun link to see what web sites are censored in china
http://www.greatfirewallofchina.org Chinese soldiers & tanks
attacked the crowd, killing hundreds of protestors The Chinese govt
arrested & executed leaders of the protest The Communist Party
increased control over citizens by repressing pro-democracy
demands, censoring the media & information, & repressing
freedom of speech Slide 9 In 1997, Great Britain returned Hong Kong
to China after ruling the colony for 155 years Under British &
Chinese control, Hong Kong served as a major commercial &
financial center Slide 10 China has one of the fastest growing
economies in the world; Others include Brazil, India, Russia (BRIC
nations) But, China has a low wage work force, large gap between
rich & poor, few personal freedoms, & human rights
violations Slide 11 China Today Introduction to Diane Sawyers
report on the Stunning Economic Growth of China (5:37)report Diane
Sawyers full report on the Stunning Economic Growth of China
(20:00)full report Video Video on Manufacturing & Chinas
Economic Growth (2.41) Slide 12 Decolonization in India and Africa
Slide 13 Essential Question: What was decolonization & how did
decolonization impact India & Africa? Slide 14 The Post-World
War II World What will happen in world history in the years after
World War II (1945today)? Examine the next four images & make a
prediction about what will happen in the world after World War II
(with exception to the Cold War) Be prepared to discuss your
answers Slide 15 Nations in India, Southeast Asia, & Africa
gained independence from imperialists (decolonization) Slide 16
After the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, China adopted some
capitalist reforms but the govt still strictly controlled personal
liberties Slide 17 Trade became more global (known as globalism) as
technology expanded, markets grew, & corporations became
dominant business organizations Slide 18 Ethnic conflicts,
genocide, & terrorism increased throughout the world Slide 19
At the end of World War II, many nations in Africa & Asia
gained independence from European imperialists This trend was known
as decolonization The first major colony to gain independence was
India in 1947 Slide 20 Title Text During the First World War, India
sent troops to fight with the British against the Central Powers in
Europe The British govt promised Indians self-rule as a reward for
participating in WWI When the war ended & self-rule was not
granted, nationalism & demands for independence increased Slide
21 Mohandas Gandhi emerged as the leader of the Indian independence
movement in the 1920s Gandhi urged Indians to use non-violent means
to achieve their goals Gandhis tactics included deliberately
breaking unfair British laws (called civil disobedience) Gandhi
encouraged peaceful protests & boycotting British goods in
order to hurt the British colonial economy Slide 22 Title But,
self-rule created tensions between the Hindu majority & the
Muslim minority who feared giving power to Hindus In 1935, British
granted India limited self-rule but not total independence Slide 23
Title Text When World War II broke out, Britain committed Indian
troops to the war with asking Indias self-governing assembly This
led to protests & renewed calls for independence from Britain
When World War II ended in 1945, Britain was in debt & ready to
grant India its independence But, violence between Hindus &
Muslims made granting independence difficult Slide 24 Title Text In
1947, Britain agreed to a partition (division) of India &
granted independence to two nations: India & Pakistan India was
a nation made up largely of Hindus Pakistan was dominated by
Muslims (East Pakistan later became Bangladesh ) During the
partition, 10 million people relocated; Violence broke out leaving
1 million dead, including Gandhi who was assassinated in 1949 Slide
25 Title Text In 1947, India became the worlds largest democratic
nation; Jawaharlal Nehru was elected Indias first prime minister
Nehru emphasized democracy, unity, & modernizing India Under
Nehru, women & lower caste Hindus gained rights In 1966, Nehrus
daughter, Indira Gandhi, was elected prime minister In the Cold
War, India was a leader among non-aligned nations Slide 26 Title
Text Slide 27 Click here for a brief video on INDIA TODAY and
identify three characteristics of India in the 21 st centuryhere
Slide 28 Essential Question: What was decolonization & how did
decolonization impact India & Africa? Slide 29 In the 1950s
& 1960s, African colonies experienced decolonization &
gained independence The first sub-Saharan African colony to gain
its independence was Ghana in 1957 Slide 30 As a imperial power,
Britain conquered much of Africa including Gold Coast After WWII,
Britain allowed Africans in Gold Coast to participate in local self
governments Starting in 1947, Kwame Nkrumah used Gandhis non-
violent strategy of boycotts & strikes to pressure Britain to
grant independence Slide 31 After a decade of struggle, Britain
granted Gold Coast independence in 1957 & the nation was
renamed Ghana Kwame Nkrumah was elected president-for-life &
began an ambitious series of road, education, health programs In
1966, Nkrumah was overthrown & Ghana struggled between military
& civilian rule until elections were finally held in 2000
Nkrumah supported Pan-Africanism (unity among Africans) & hoped
to create a United States of Africa Slide 32 Unlike Ghana, demands
for independence in South Africa were led by white colonists When
South Africa gained independence in 1931, white Afrikaners gained
power & create a policy of apartheid Apartheid laws created
strict racial segregation between blacks & whites Slide 33
Black South Africans protested apartheid & often violent riots
broke out Slide 34 The anti-apartheid leader was Nelson Mandela In
1964, Mandela was arrested & given a life sentence for opposing
apartheid laws In the 1980s, many foreign nations refused to trade
with South Africa in protest of apartheid Slide 35 In 1990, new
South African President F. W. de Clerk released Mandela from prison
South African parliament repealed all apartheid laws &
announced the first multiracial election in 1994 Nelson Mandela won
the election & became South Africas first black president South
Africans adopted a new constitution with a Bill of Rights that
guaranteed equal rights for all citizens Slide 36 Not all African
independence movements ended with democracy or without bloodshed
After gaining independence, Nigeria erupted in an ethnic civil war
Ethnic divisions weakened Kenyas government & led to violence
& rule by dictators In Congo, a series of civil wars weakened
the newly-formed nation Slide 37 Among the worst examples of
violence in Africa is the genocide (mass killings) in Rwanda &
Sudan In Rwanda, ethnic conflict between rival clans led to the
Hutus massacring between 500,000 & 800,000 Tutsi in 1994 In
Darfur, the Sudanese govt killed up to 400,000 Muslims in an
attempt to destroy an anti-govt rebel movement Link to video on
Rwandan genocide (3.00) Link to video on Darfur genocide (5.00)
Slide 38 Genocide in Africa U.N. Peacekeeping Interventions,
1945-2009 Slide 39 The Challenges in Africa Today The Aids Epidemic
in Africa (Link to NY Times video, 6.00)Link to NY Times video,
6.00 Slide 40 The Challenges of Africa (Link to Zimbabwe video,
5.30)Link to Zimbabwe video, 5.30
