Defensive Driving (Brazil)

7/27/2019 Defensive Driving (Brazil)

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Defensive driving

INTRODUCTION

Educating with values

The traffic is done by people. nd! as with other hu"an activities!

four princip

les are i"portant to the relationship and social interaction in

traffic.

The first is the dignity of the hu"an person! which derive fro"

hu"an rights and values and attitudes funda"ental to the de"ocratic

social life! such as "utual respect and re#ection to discri"ination

of any $ind! attitude necessary to pro"ote #ustice. The second

principle is the e%uality of rights. Everyone has the opportunity to

e&ercise full citi'enship and! therefore! you "ust have e%uality! ie

the need to consider the differences in people to ensure e%uality

which! in turn! is based on solidarity. nother is that of

participation! which #ustifies the "obili'ation of society to

organi'e itself around the traffic proble"s and their conse%uences.

(inally! the principle of shared responsibility for social life!

which concerns the for"ation of attitudes and learning behaviorsneeded to enhance traffic safety! the reali'ation of the right of

"obility for all citi'ens and re%uire govern"ent actions to i"prove

the spaces public.

)

*ehaviors e&press principles and values which society constructs and

referenda!

and that each person "a$es for hi"self and ta$es to the road. The

values! in tur

n! e&press the contradictions and conflicts a"ong social groups and

even a"ong t

he roles each person plays. *e +fast+! +s"art+ and +ta$e advantage+or +ta$e the

car as status+ values are present in the society.,*ut they are

untenable fro" t

he standpoint of the needs of collective life! health and rights of

all. -e need

change. Change behavior for a collective life with %uality and

respect re%uires

an awareness of the issues involved in social life! so that live

traffic. It is

the choice of principles and values that will lead to a "ore hu"an

traffic! har"onious! safer and fairer.

INTRODUCTION

Ris$s! ha'ards and accidents

In everything we do there is a dose of ris$/ whether at wor$! when

we fi&ed so"e

thing at ho"e! playing! dancing! practicing a sport or even passing

through the


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city streets. -hen a situation of ris$ is not perceived! or when a

person can no

t see the danger! the chances of an accident happening. Traffic

accidents result

ing in da"age to vehicles and their loads and generate in#ury to

people. Needles

s to say that they are always bad for everyone. *ut you can help and

collaborate

to reduce losses/

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the suffering of "any people! caused by deaths and in#uries!

including physical

se%uelae and 1 or "ental! often irreparable! financial loss! loss of

inco"e and

wor$ absenteeis"! legal constraints! for police investigations and

court proceed

ings! which "ay re%uire pay"ent of da"ages and even #ail those

responsible.

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0ccident does not happen by chance! by the wor$ of fate or by chance.

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E&pensive for *ra'ilian society to pay the da"ages in accidents/ an

esti"ated 23

billion reais! every year! that could be tapped! for e&a"ple! to

build thousand

s of housing units to i"prove the lives of "any *ra'ilians. It is

therefore esse

ntial to prepare the drivers for safe behavior in traffic! given the

guideline o

f +preservation of life! health and environ"ent+ of the NationalTransit. nd th

is occasion is an opportunity you have to read carefully this

didactic "aterial

and $now and learn how to avoid dangerous situations in traffic!

decreasing the

chances of accidents. 4tudy it well. 5earn the concepts of Defensive

Driving wil

l be good for you! your fa"ily! your friends and to his country.

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Defensive Driving

Defensive driving or safe driving! is the best way to drive andbehave in traffi

c! it helps preserve the life! health and the environ"ent. *ut what

is defensive

driving6 It7s how to drive! allowing you to recogni'e dangerous

situations in a

dvance and predict what "ay happen to you! with their co"panions!

with his vehic

le and other road users.

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(or this you need to learn the concepts of defensive driving and use

this $nowle

dge effectively. lways drive carefully! in order to predict in

advance what to

do and "a$e the right decisions to prevent accidents. The first

thing to learn i

s that an accident does not happen by chance! by the wor$ of fate or

chance. In

"ost accidents! the hu"an factor is present! ie it is for drivers

and pedestrian

s a good deal of responsibility. Every tragic occurrence! they are

predictable!

preventable. The ris$s and dangers to which we are sub#ected in

transit are rela

ted to/

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9ehicles: The conductors: The Roads Transit! Environ"ent! *ehavior

of people.

5et us e&a"ine separately the principal ris$s and dangers.

Crossing the street in full is the right of the pedestrian. Respectit.

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=ourself Ba can observe the operation of your vehicle! whether the

particulars

of the panel! or by a si"ple visual inspection/

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(uel/ see if the panel is shown in enough to reach the destination:

level of bra

$e fluid! engine and power steering! observe their tan$s! as owner7s

"anual: oil

level in the trans"ission syste" Be&change for vehicles with

auto"atic trans"i

ssion! see the reservoir level. In the other vehicle! loo$ for lea$s

under the v

ehicle! the radiator water/ water in refrigerated vehicles! see the

level of the

reservoir water! -ater 4yste" Cleaner -indshield/ ?a$e sure the

water tan$: -ip

er *lades -indshield / change! if they are dry: Dese"bacador front

and rear Bif

any/ "a$e sure they are functioning properly: Operation of

headlights/ visuallychec$ if everyone is lighting Blights low and high d#ust"ent of

the headlight

s/ "a$e by s$illed professionals: (lashlights front and rear

direction indicator

lights! bra$e light and taillight/ visual inspection.

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The habit of regular preventive "aintenance and generate savings and

avoid traff

ic accidents.

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ion. The function of grooves is correct to allow the flow of water

to ensure per

fect tires. adherence to the floor and safely in case of floor

wet.

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Defor"ations in housing/ see if the tires do not have blisters or

cuts. These de

for"ations can cause an overflow or a rapid loss of pressure.

Di"ensions Irregul

ar/ Do not use tires of different si'es of "odel or "anufacturer7s

reco""ended t

o not reduce the stability and wear other suspension co"ponents.

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=ou can identify other proble"s tire easily. 9ibration of the

steering wheel ind

icate possible proble"s with the wheel balancing. 9ehicle pulling to

one side in

dicates a possible proble" with the tire or align"ent of direction.

ll this can

reduce the stability and bra$ing capacity of the vehicle.2

Re"e"ber that all of these reco""endations also apply to spare tire

Bspare! in

vehicles where it is re%uired.

4afety belt

The seat belt in place to li"it the "ove"ent of the occupants of a

vehicle in ca

se of accidents or a sudden stop. In these cases! the belt $eeps

people if in co

nflict with the internal parts of the vehicle or being thrown out of

it! thus reducing the severity of possible in#uries. (or this! the belts "ust

be in good re

pair and all occupants "ust use the"! including the rear seat

passengers! even p

regnant wo"en and children. lways "a$e an inspection of the belt:

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4ee if the belts have no cuts! not to brea$ in an e"ergency: Chec$

if there are

no folds to prevent the perfect elasticity: Test the loc$ to see if

it wor$s per

fectly: ?a$e sure your seat belts for rear seats are available foruse to the oc

cupants.

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Correct use of the belt/

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4et fir"ly to the body! leaving no gaps: The botto" band should be

below the abd


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o"en! especially for pregnant wo"en.

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f the direction and "a$e the preventive actions within the ti"e

specified in the

"anufacturer7s "anual! with speciali'ed staff.

5ighting 4yste"

The lighting syste" of your vehicle is essential! both for you and

see your path

! and to be seen by other road users and thus ensure safety in

transit. No light

ing! or with poor lighting! you "ay be a cause of collision and

other accidents.

Chec$ out and avoid the "ain events/

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Disc pads and e&penses/ chec$ with a %ualified professional: spent

Canvas/ Chec$

with a %ualified professional.

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-hen you go through local or soa$ed with puddles of water! using the

vehicle wit

h bra$es canvas! you "ay e&perience "o"entary loss of efficiency of

the bra$e sy

ste". Observing traffic conditions on site! reduce your speed and

step on the br

a$e pedal a few ti"es to return to nor"alcy. In vehicles e%uipped

with *4 Bcent

ral electronics that receives signals fro" the wheels and handles

the pressure i

n the cylinder and the control of the bra$es! preventing wheel loc$

chec$ in th

e panel! the indicator light of proble"s in functioning. -hen

driving! avoid sud

den bra$ing use both! as unnecessary! because it wears faster

co"ponents of thebra$e syste". Hust drive carefully! observing the signs! laws and

traffic condit

ions.

To bra$e safely we "ust be alert. Geep safe distance and bra$es in

good conditio

n.

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foot on the pedal when you7re not using: Use shoes that are well

fastened to hi

s feet!,so you can throw the pedals %uic$ly and safely: @ut your

seat belt! so t

hat it fits tightly to your body. The lowest band "ust pass through

the region o

f

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abdo"en and the transverse band pass on his chest and not on the

nec$:

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4tay in position to see clearly the infor"ation panel and always

chec$ the opera

tion of "a#or syste"s such as the engine te"perature.

@roper use of "irrors

The "ore you see what happens around you while driving! the greater

the chance o

f avoiding danger. On vehicles with rear internal! sit in thecorrect position a

nd set it in a position that gives you a broad view of the rear

window. Do not p

lace luggage or ob#ects that i"pede your vision through the

rearview! the outsid

e rearview! left and right! should be ad#usted so that you! sitting

in the "anag

erial position! sees the rear li"it of your vehicle and thereby

reduce the

The correct position while driving produces less physical wear and

increasing your security.

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f all the things we have to do behind the wheel. This happens after

auto"atic re

peat often the sa"e "otions and procedures. This! however! hides a

proble" that

underlies "any accidents. Under nor"al conditions! our brain ta$es a

few tenths

of a second to register the i"ages you see. This "eans that as you

are careful w

hen driving a vehicle! there will be! in a short space of ti"e!

situations you c

an not observe. ?oving vehicles constantly change their position.

(or e&a"ple! t

he )3 $" per hour! a car travels 88 "eters in one second. If an

e"ergency occurs

! between perceiving the proble"! deciding to stop! drive the pedal

and the vehi

cle stops co"pletely! it will ta$e at least AA "eters.

Concentration and refle&es di"inish "uch with alcohol and drugs. The

sa"e happen

s if you do not sleep or sleep poorly.8A

If you are #ust unable to concentrate or focus entirely on the

direction! their

nor"al reaction will increase! "a$ing the ris$ of traffic dangers on

the road. 4

o"e of the factors that decrease your concentration and slows the

refle&es/

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Consu"ing alcoholic beverages: Using drugs: Using "edication that

"odifies the b

ehavior! according to his doctor! "ust have participated recently indiscussions

with strong fa"ily! wor$! or for any other reason: 4taying too long

without sle

ep! or sleep too little sleep badly: Eating too heavy! entailing

drowsiness.

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Drin$ing alcohol or using drugs not only reduce the concentration

affects "otor

coordination! changes behavior and decreases perfor"ance! li"itingthe perceptio

n of danger and reducing the capacity of action and reaction. Other

factors that

reduce the concentration! although "any do not reali'e this/

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Use the phone while driving! even hands free operation: -atching T9

on board to

direct: 5isten stereo volu"e that does not allow to hear the sounds

of his vehic


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le and others:

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nstantly change lanes! overta$e by right circular velocities

inco"patible with s

afety! travel between "oving vehicles and without $eeping safe

distance have res

ulted in a disturbing increase in "otorcycle accidents across the

country. ?any

deaths and serious in#uries that cause per"anent disability and that

could be pr

evented si"ply with a safer direction. If you drive a "otorcycle or

"oped! thin$

about it and be sure to follow the guidelines below/ 4afety

re%uire"ents for dr

ivers of "otorcycles and "opeds/

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It re%uired the use of safety hel"et for the driver and passenger:

It re%uired t

he use of protective "as$s or goggles! is forbidden to transport

children under

F years old! is "andatory for headlights on when driving! day or

night:0 0

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Overta$ing should always be done by the left! the speed "ust be

co"patible with

the conditions and circu"stances at the ti"e! within the li"its set

by the rules

of the road! Do not ride between lanes of traffic: Use plain

clothes! both the

driver as the passenger: Re%uest to +ride+ that "ove the body thesa"e way as th

e driver to ensure stability in curves: wheeled! "otori'ed! up to 3cc should conduct

this type o

f vehicle the right of the roadway! preferably in the center of thetrac$ to the

right or the right edge of the runway where there is no shoulder or

he designed

the band itself! The circulation of "opeds in the fast lane and on

the sidewal$

s of urban streets.

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?otorcycles are vehicles li$e the other/ they "ust respect the speed

li"its! "ai


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ntain safe distance! #ust beyond the left and not "oved between

vehicles.

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TRN4IT ROUTE

@ublic highway is the area where passing vehicles! people and

ani"als! including

the roadway! the sidewal$! the sidewal$! the island and the central

plot. Can b

e urban or rural areas Broads or highways. Each route has its

characteristics t

hat "ust be observed to reduce the ris$ of accidents.

4peed (astening

=ou have an obligation to drive at a speed co"patible with the

conditions of the

road! respecting the speed li"its. lthough speed li"its are those

in signs! th

ere are certain circu"stances in the snapshots of the road

conditions > traffic!

weather conditions! obstacles! crowded places > that re%uire you to

slow down and redouble their attention to driving with security. The higher the

speed! the

greater the ris$ and "ore

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4erious accidents are greater and the possibility of death in

traffic. The ti"e

gained by using a higher speed is not worth the ris$ and stress. (or

e&a"ple! th

e )3 $" per hour you are driving along a distance of 3 $ilo"eters

in ;F "inutes

and 233 $" per hour will ta$e you ;3 "inutes to travel the sa"edistance.

Curves

Rounding a bend! we feel the effect of centrifugal force! the force

that +plays+

out of the curve and re%uires so"e effort not to let the vehicle out

of the pat

h. The higher the speed! the "ore we feel that force. It can get to

the point of

ta$ing control of the vehicle! causing a rollover or crossing the

runway! colli

sion with other vehicles or running over pedestrians and cyclists.The "a&i"u" p

er"itted speed on a curve ta$es into account geo"etric aspects of

trac$ construc

tion. (or your safety and co"fort! trust signaling and adopt the

following proce

dures/

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4low down in advance! using the bra$e and! if necessary! reduce the

"arch! befor


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e entering the curve and start "ove"ent of the steering wheel: 4tart

"a$ing the

curve s"ooth and continuous "ove"ents with the steering wheel!

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TRN4IT ROUTE

accelerating gradually and respecting the speed li"it. s the curve

is finished!

return the shuttle to the starting position! also with s"ooth

"ove"ents:

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5oo$ to the curve! "oving as little as possible the wheel! avoiding

sudden "ove"

ents and fluctuations in direction.

4lopes

=ou reali'e that the front has a steep slope/ before the descent

begins! test th

e bra$es and hold the shifter in a reduced gear engaged during the

descent. Neve

r get off the vehicle disengaged. *ecause! if necessary! you willnot get the en

gine7s power to help stop or reduce speed and the bra$es "ay not be

enough. Do n

ot turn off the engine when going downhill. -ith it off! the bra$es

do not wor$

properly and the vehicle can reach speeds uncontrolled. ?oreover!

the direction

"ay loc$ if you turn off the engine.

@assing

-here there are signs prohibiting overta$ing! not e&ceed it. The

signal is the representation of law and has been deployed by service personnel who

have calcula

ted that this stretch is not possible to overta$e! because there is

danger of an

accident.

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In sections where there is signaling allowing the e&cess! or where

there is any

$ind of signage! if not e&ceed the range of reverse flow is free!

and even then!

only ta$e the decision considering the power of your vehicle and thevehicle sp

eed that go ahead. On slopes e&ceeding only when it is available the

third trac$

! designed to slow vehicles. bsence of this trac$! follow the sa"e

guidelines a

s above! but consider that the re%uired power of your vehicle will

be higher tha

n in flat trac$. To bridge! turn left arrow! change the trac$ to a

safe distance


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fro" the vehicle in front and only return to full nor"al traffic

when you can s

ee the vehicle e&ceeded the rearview "irror. The slopes! the speeds

of all vehic

les are "uch larger. To overco"e! ta$e e&tra care with the speed

necessary to ov

erta$e. Re"e"ber that you can not e&ceed the speed li"it along that

stretch of t

rac$. Other vehicles "ay want to pass hi". ?a$e it easy to

overdrive! $eeping th

e speed of your vehicle or even reducing it slightly.

Road narrows

ny narrowing of the trac$ increases ris$s. *ridges narrow or no

shoulder! wor$s

! collapsing

Ta$e your ti"e. -ait a safe condition and allowed to "a$e the

overdrive.

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TRN4IT ROUTE

barriers! the presence of ob#ects on the trac$! for e&a"ple! causingnarrowing.

Once you see the sign or notice the narrowing redouble their

attention! reduce s

peed and gait and! when possible the passage of only one vehicle at

a ti"e! wait

for the opportune "o"ent! with alternating passing other vehicles

that co"e int

o effect opposite.

Coasting

It is a part of the trac$! but differentiated fro" the roadway!

designed to stopor par$ vehicles in an e"ergency situation! the "ove"ent of

pedestrians and bic

ycles in the latter case! when there is no appropriate place. It is

forbidden to

traffic with auto"otive vehicles on the roadside as this can cause

accidents wi

th pedestrians or other vehicles stopped for pedestrians or

cyclists. Can occur

in stretches of the road leveled the shoulder in relation to traffic

lane! a +st

ep+ between one and;A

another. In these cases! you "ust redouble your attention.

Concentrese align"ent

of the road and stay at a safe distance fro" its li"it! preventing

the wheels f

ro" falling on the side and this "ay cause a runaway vehicle. If you

"ust stop a

t the side! loo$ for a place where there is no gap or it is reduced.

If it is e&


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tre"ely necessary to stop! slow down first! as gently as possible to

avoid causi

ng accidents with vehicles that co"e bac$ and signal with the arrow.

fter stopp

ing the vehicle! signal with the triangle of safety and turn signals.

Condition of floor traffic lane

Undulations! holes! elevations! slopes or changes in the type of

flooring can de

stabili'e the vehicle and cause loss of control. @ass through holes!

dips or bu"

ps can cause i"balance in your vehicle! da"age co"ponents or "a$e

you lose drive

ability. lthough you "ay worsen the proble" if incorrectly use the

bra$es or "a

$es a sudden "ove"ent with the direction. Reali'ing these

occurrences in advance

on the trac$! slow down! using the bra$es. *ut! avoid punch the"

while passing

through the holes! dips and bu"ps! because this will increase the

i"balance of the whole.

It is forbidden and dangerous travel by road.,It is "eant for

e"ergency stops an

d the traffic of pedestrians and cyclists.

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TRN4IT ROUTE

E&cerpts slippery

The friction of the tire with the ground is reduced by the presence

of water! oi

l! clay! sand or other li%uids or "aterials in lane and that loss of

adhesion can cause slippage and lac$ of vehicle. lways $now the condition of

the pave"ent

of the road and loo$ for "atching its speed to that situation. void

abrupt chan

ges of speed and sudden bra$ing! which "ade it difficult to control

the vehicle

under these conditions.

4ignaling

The signal is a co""unication syste" to help you drive safely. The

various types

of signs showing what is allowed and what is forbidden to do! warnof dangers o

n the road and also indicate the following directions and points of

interest. Th

e signal is designed based on engineering and hu"an behavior!

regardless of the

individual s$ills of the driver and the particular state of

conservation of the

vehicle. (or this reason! you should always respect the signs and

ad#ust their b


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ehavior to the li"its of your vehicle.

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4idewal$s or @ublic Tours

The sidewal$s are for the e&clusive use of pedestrians and can only

be used by v

ehicles for access to lots or garages. Even in these cases! the

vehicle traffic

on the roadway should be done with great care not to cause tra"pling

of pedestri

ans. 4topping or par$ing of vehicles on the sidewal$s re"oves itself

fro" the pe

destrian area! leading hi" to transit traffic lane! which clearly is

in danger o

f being run over. (or this reason! it is prohibited the circulation!

stopping or

par$ing of "otor vehicles on sidewal$s. =ou should also $eep an eye

on streets

without sidewal$s! or when they are under construction or

deteriorated! forcing

pedestrians to wal$ on the roadway.The sidewal$s are public sidewal$s or pedestrian spaces.

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TRN4IT ROUTE

Trees 1 vegetation

Trees and vegetation in the central beds of boulevards or sidewal$s

"ay hide sig

ns. -hy not see these signs! "otorists can be induced to do tric$s

that bring da

nger of collisions between vehicles or running over pedestrians and

cyclists. No

ticing trees or vegetation that "ight be covering up the signs! toredouble thei

r attention to reducing the speed to be able to identify

restrictions on "ove"en

t and thereby prevent accidents.

Intersections between roads

t a crossroads! the "ove"ent of vehicles and persons not change at

any "o"ent.

The "ore crowded! there will be "ore conflict between vehicles!

pedestrians and

cyclists! increasing the ris$s of collisions and pedestrian

accidents. It is very co""on! too! the presence of e%uip"ent as +public phones+! poles!

garbage cans

! newspaper rac$s and even with advertise"ents! with the corners!

thus further r

educing the perception of "ove"ents of persons and vehicles. Thus!

when approach

ing an intersection! regardless of whether any type of signal! you

"ust redouble


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your attention and to slow the vehicle. lways re"e"ber a few basic

rules/

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If no signal! the preference of passage is the vehicle approaching

the intersect

ion fro" the right:

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If the 4TO@ sign in its sense of direction! you "ust stop! see if

you can cross

and only then "ove the vehicle! a roundabout! the preference of

passage is the v

ehicle that is already circulating in it:


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uch "ore puddles. In this situation to redouble their attention!

turn the light

low light! increase the distance fro" the vehicle ahead and slow

down until you

feel co"fort and safety. void stepping on the bra$e abruptly! not

to loc$ the w

heels and not leave the vehicle s$idding! loss of adhesion. If your

vehicle has

*4 bra$es Bwhich leaves no loc$ the wheels! apply the force on the

pedal holdi

ng it down until your total control. In the case of rains of hail

Bhail! the be

st thing is to stop the vehicle in a safe place and wait for your

order. It does

not last long under these circu"stances.

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Under "ist or fog! you should i""ediately turn the light low light

Band if you h

ave or fog la"ps! increasing the distance fro" the vehicle ahead

and reduce you

r speed until you feel "ore security and co"fort. Do not use high

bea"s because

it reflects light in water droplets! and further reduces visibility.

Re"e"ber th

at in those circu"stances the pave"ent is wet and slippery! reducing

the grip of

the tires.

In fog! slow down and use the low light of the -ind very strong

winds! reaching

his "oving vehicle and beacon.

can "ove it causes the loss of stability and lac$ of control! that

"ay cause col

lisions with other vehicles or even rollovers. There are stretches

of highway wh

ere strong winds are fre%uent. Jet used to observe the "ove"ent of

vegetation onthe ban$s of the trac$. It is a good guideline to identify the

strength of the

wind. In so"e cases! these pieces are "ar$ed. Noting

A8

If you e&perience difficulty in continuing traveling! stop in a safe

place! li$e

a gas station. *ecause of poor visibility in fog is generally not

safe to stop

on the roadside. Use the shoulder only in e&tre"e cases and

e"ergency use in the

se cases! the turn signals.strong "ove"ents of vegetation or seeing the signs corresponding to

slow down an

d do not be surprised to "aintain stability. -inds can also be

generated by the

air displace"ent of other larger vehicles at speed in the sa"e

direction or oppo

site direction of traffic! or even outside of tunnels. The speed

should be reduc

ed! adapting itself to start the engine to decrease the li$elihood

of destabili'

ation of the vehicle.4"o$e fro" forest fires

The s"o$e produced by fires in the grounds outside the trac$ causing

reduced vis

ibility. ?oreover! the soot fro" the fire can reduce the adhesion of

the surface

. In cases of fires! redouble your attention and reduce speed.

Connect the low l

ight of the lighthouse and then to go up in s"o$e! do not stop the

vehicle on th


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e trac$! because with the lac$ of visibility! other drivers can not

see hi" stan

ding on the trac$.

5ight condition

The lac$ or e&cess of light can increase the ris$s in traffic.

4eeing and being

seen is a basic rule to a safe direction. Chec$ how to act/

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Under these conditions! as i"portant as seeing! is also being seen.

t the sligh

test sign of poor lighting illu"inates the low bea".

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4lope of 4unlight

In the early "orning or late afternoon! the sunlight +$noc$ on the

guy.+ The sun

! due to its inclination! can cause glare! reducing your vision.

Needless to say

! this presents a danger of accidents. 4earch plan your #ourney to

avoid these c

onditions. The glare can also happen by the reflection of the sun in

so"e polish

ed ob#ects! li$e bottles! cans or windscreen. In all these

conditions! reduce ve

hicle speed! use the drop>sun Bvisor internal protection or even a

protective e

yewear Bsunglasses and try to observe a reference to the right

lane. The blurri

ng "ay also occur with the "otorists co"ing in the oppositedirection when they

are having the sun in the front. In this case! redouble your

attention! slow dow

n to your co"fort and safety and the low bea" lights to ensure you

are seen by t

he". t intersections with traffic lights! the sun! to cover against

the spotlig

hts! can prevent you fro" properly identifying the signaling. In

these cases! sl

ow down and step out! until you are sure indication of the se"aphore.

AJENER5 RU5E4 ND OT"otori'ed and pedestrian safety. Reduce

speed when p

assing a transportation vehicle Bbus that has stopped "a$ing the

boarding or di


23/30

se"bar$ing passengers

A

-ait for a safe opportunity and allowed by signaling to "a$e an

overta$ing while

driving on roads with double sense of direction and one lane in

sections on cur

ves and slopes. Do not overta$e vehicles on bridges! overpasses and

pedestrian c

rossings! e&cept if signaling per"its.

On a highway to "a$e a left turn or a return! wait for a safe

opportunity to the

road. No shoulder on highways! follow the signs indicative of

per"ission. Do no

t sla" on the bra$es your vehicle! e&cept for safety reasons. Do not

stop your v

ehicle at intersections! bloc$ing the passage of other

5arger vehicles are responsible for the safety of s"aller vehicles.

AF

JENER5 RU5E4 ND OT


24/30

raffic! as the shopping centers! super"ar$ets! sports venues! etc..

Geep a safe

distance fro" the vehicle in front. good distance gives you ti"e

to react and

apply the bra$es before an e"ergency situation and there is ti"e

A

JENER5 RU5E4 ND OT the rule of

two second

s > which can help you "aintain a safe distance fro" the vehicle in

front/ 2. Ch

oose a fi&ed point of the roadway 8. -hen the vehicle that will pass

in front of

the fi&ed point! start counting:

3

;. Count two seconds slowly. n easy way is to rely on string si&words +fifty>o

ne! fifty>two.+ A. The distance between your car and going forward

will be safe

if your vehicle passes by the fi&ed point after the count of two

seconds. . Oth

erwise! slow down and do a recount. Repeat until you establish a

safe distance.

void collisions! $eeping safe distance.

(or vehicles over si& "eters in length or in the rain! increase the

ti"e of coun

ting/ +fifty>one! fifty>two! fifty>three.+2

RE4@ECT T


25/30

"ono&ide has no s"ell! is tasteless and colorless! it is difficult

to identify

the" by people. *ut it is e&tre"ely to&ic and cause di''iness!

vertigo! changes

in central nervous syste" and can be fatal in high doses! indoors.

The sulfur di

o&ide present in the co"bustion of diesel! causing runny nose!

phleg" and irreve

rsible da"age to the lungs and can also be fatal in high doses.

catalyst Bin vehicles

where it is

e&pected .

0 0

0

0

;

RE4@ECT T


26/30

=ou and the environ"ent

The dirt thrown in the street or on the edges of highways sti"ulates

the prolife

ration of insects and rodents! which favors the trans"ission of

contagious disea

ses. Other "aterials du"ped into the environ"ent! such as cans and

plastic bottl

es ta$e a long ti"e to be absorbed by nature. 9ery e&pensive for

society to $eep

public spaces clean and restore the affected nature. Therefore/

0

Geep garbage bags inside the vehicle. Do not throw garbage on the

road! in vacan

t lots or in the vegetation alongside the highways! du"ps should be

transported

to pre"ises. Do not throw rubbish on roads and their "argins: In the

event of an

accident involving transportation of ha'ardous "aterials Bche"ical!

fla""able!

to&ic! try to isolate the area and prevent the" fro" reachingrivers! springs!

and flora: ?a$e "aintenance! repair and cleanliness of the vehicle

in a proper p

lace. Do not pour oil or discarded "aterials in the trac$ and in

public spaces:

*y observing situations that violate nature! foul public places or

that they can

also cause ris$s to traffic! re%uest or cooperate in its re"oval or

cleaning. T

he public space belongs to everyone! do your part "aintaining the"

clean and "aintained.

0

0

0

0

0

A

=ou and your relationship with the other

In the Introduction! we tal$ about the relationship of people in

transit. To i"p

rove the living and %uality of life! there are so"e principles thatshould for"

the basis of our relations in transit/

0


27/30

It is able to e&ercise full citi'enship through e%uity! ie the need

to consider

the differences in people to ensure e%uality! solidarity reasons.

0

@articipation

It is the principle underlying the "obili'ation of people to

organi'e the"selves

around traffic proble"s and their conse%uences for society.

0

Co>responsibility for social life

*ehaviors needed to enhance traffic safety and the reali'ation of

the right of "

obility for all citi'ens. *oth the govern"ent and the people have

their share of

contribution to a better and safer transit. Do your part.

Respect for hu"an solidarity and har"ony "a$e traffic safer.

*REC< ND @EN5T=

-hen a driver does not co"ply with the laws of any ite" he is

co""itting a traffic infraction and is sub#ect to the penalties provided in the ct

9iolations als

o typically generate traffic accident ris$s. (or e&a"ple/ Do not

respect the red

light at an intersection "ay cause a collision between vehicles or

run over ped

estrians or cyclists. The traffic violations are classified by their

severity in

light! "ediu"! serious and very serious.

@enalties and d"inistrative ?easures

Every violation is punishable by a penalty. fine! for e&a"ple.4o"e offenses!

in addition to the fee "ay have an ad"inistrative conse%uence! ie!

the traffic a

gent should adopt +ad"inistrative "easures+ whose goal is to prevent

the driver

continue driving in irregular circu"stances.

d"inistrative "easures are/

0 0 0

Retention of the vehicle! re"oval of the vehicle: Collection

Docu"ent7s licenseBor CN< @er"ission to Drive Collection of certificate of license:

transship"ent

of e&cess load.

0 0

@enalties are as follows/

0 0 0 0 0 0

9iolating traffic laws is also a ris$ factor for accidents.

-ritten warning! fine! suspension for driving: sei'ure of the

vehicle! enabling


28/30

the docu"ent Cassation: (re%uency co"pulsory refresher course.

(or e&a"ple! driving faster than the "a&i"u" allowed in "ore than

83K on highway

s! has as its conse%uence! besides the penalties Bfines and

suspension of drivin

g! also the recollection of a %ualifying docu"ent Bad"inistrative

action.

9alues and scores of fines

Jravity Jrave grave Ta$e verage @rice U.4. L ;.83 U.4. L ).2;

U.4. L 28F. U

.4. L 22.A @ts ; A F

F

*REC< ND @EN5T=

If you reach 83 points will have their drivers7 license suspended

for one "onth

to one year! as deter"ined by the transit authority. To score

points! is conside

red the su" of violations in the last year!,to count down the date

of the last p

enalty received. (or so"e infractions! because of its severity andconse%uences!

the fine can be "ultiplied into three or even five ti"es.

Resources

fter a violation is recorded by the transit agency! the

notification of ta& ass

ess"ent will be forwarded to the address of vehicle owner. (ro"

there! the owner

"ay indicate that the driver drove the vehicle and forward the ta&

assess"ent a

ppeal for the national transit. (ro" NOTI(ICTION O( @EN5T=! the

vehicle owner"ay apply to the d"inistrative *oard of ppeals 9iolations > Hari.

If the appea

l is dis"issed! "ay further appeal to the 4tate *oard of Traffic >

CETRN Bin th

e case of the (ederal District to CONTRNDI(E and in so"e cases

specific to CON

TRN for resource assess"ent in the second and final instance.

)

Traffic Cri"e

They are classified offenses described in the CT* in ad"inistrative!

civil and cri"inal penalties. The cri"inal offenses resulting fro" cri"inal

action! are sub

#ect to general rules of the @enal Code and its processing by the

Code of Cri"in

al @rocedure. The offender! in addition to penalties i"posed

ad"inistratively by

the transit authority shall be sub#ected to #udicial proceedings!

which! found


29/30

guilty! the penalty "ay be to provide co""unity service! fines!

suspension of dr

iving! and even detention. ?ore fre%uent cases! understand the

driving without a

license! drun$ or travel at a speed inco"patible with the safe

route! near scho

ols! causing danger of har"! which penalty "ay be i"prison"ent fro"

si& "onths t

o a year in addition to any filing of civil action to repair da"age

to third par

ties.

RENE-5 O( @ORT(O5IO NTION5 MU5I(ICTION4

rticle 23 of the *ra'ilian Traffic Code re%uires that any driver

who does not

have current defensive driving and first aid! should be sub"itted to

the"! while

the National Council of Transit > CONTRN its regulations. Through

Resolution C

ONTRN No. 2) of Dece"ber 2A! 833A! in force fro" Hune 2! 833 areset out in

the curriculu"! wor$load! and how to i"ple"ent the provisions of

rticle 23! th

ere are three possible ways of co"pliance with the provisions of the

ct/

0

Co"pleting the course with a presence in the classroo"

The driver "ust attend a course offered by the national e&ecutive of

the transit

4tate or the (ederal District BD?9! or by bodies accredited by hi"!

forcing herself to attend on a full 2 hours of tuition! and 23 hours on

defensive driving

and hours on first aid. The provision of the certificate of

participation wit

h the fre%uency of attendance of 233K of the classes "ay be

sufficient to "eet t

he legal re%uire"ent.

0

Reali'ation of Distance 5earning Course > Distance 5earning "ode

BOD5

Course offered by the national e&ecutive of the transit 4tate or the(ederal Dis

trict BD?9 or by speciali'ed entities he accredited as specific

regulations! du

ly certified by the National Depart"ent! with the "ini"u"

re%uire"ents set out i

n nne& I9 of Resolution 2).

3

0

9alidation 4tudy > self>taught for"


30/30

The driver can study alone! by teaching "aterials containing the

contents of def

ensive driving and first aid. Drivers who participate in distance

learning cours

es or to study as autodidact should undergo an e&a"ination to be

conducted by th

e e&ecutive body of the transit 4tate or the (ederal District BD?9!

with proof

of ;3 %uestions! which re%uired the use of the "ini"u" F3K approval.

Drivers who

have already done courses in defensive driving and first aid

agencies or instit

utions officially recogni'ed! they "ay ta$e these courses! provided

that the dri

ver sub"it the supporting docu"entation.

2

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Defensive Driving (Brazil)