Deliverable 4.3 Detailed design and construction documents ...need4b.eu/.../NEED4B...documents-of-each-demo-site.pdf · technologies identified as suitable for each demo site in WP3

Deliverable 4.3 Detailed design and construction documents of each demo site WP4. Design through the NEED4B methodology implementation NEED4B - New Energy Efficient Demonstration for Buildings Grant agreement: ENER/FP7/285173/NEED4B From 1/02/2012 to 31/01/2018

Prepared by: ACCIONA Report submission date: 31/12/2013

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Deliverable 4.3Detailed design and construction documents of each demo site

Version: 1

Reference: 131231_NEED4B_T4.3_D4.3 Date: 2/03/2014

Disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liabilities

This document has been prepared by NEED4B project partners as an account of work carried out within the framework of the EC-GA contract no 285173.

Neither Project Coordinator, nor any signatory party of NEED4B Project Consortium Agreement, nor any person acting on behalf of any of them:

(a) makes any warranty or representation whatsoever, express or implied,

(i). with respect to the use of any information, apparatus, method, process, or similar item disclosed in this document, including merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, or

(ii). that such use does not infringe on or interfere with privately owned rights, including any party's intellectual property, or

(iii). that this document is suitable to any particular user's circumstance; or

(b) assumes responsibility for any damages or other liability whatsoever (including any consequential damages, even if Project Coordinator or any representative of a signatory party of the NEED4B Project Consortium Agreement, has been advised of the possibility of such damages) resulting from your selection or use of this document or any information, apparatus, method, process, or similar item disclosed in this document.

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Document info sheet Document Name: Detailed design and construction documents of each demo site Responsible Partner: ACCIONA WP: 4 Task: 4.3 Deliverable nº: D4.3 Nature1: R Version: 1 Due date of deliverable: 31 December 2013 Actual submission date: 2 March 2014

Dissemination level2: PU

Approvals and list of contributors

Author/s Name Company Carolina Pujols Acciona Infrastructures (ACCIONA)

Christian Kylin

Derome Hus (DEROME)

Yasemin Somuncu Ozyegin University (OZU)

Stephane Pierret Vue Sur Mons (VSM) Luis Candanedo University of Mons (UMONS)

Dominique Deramaix Format D2 (FD2) Task Leader

Carolina Pujols ACCIONA WP Leader María José Escobar ACCIONA

Documents history STATUS DATE MAIN MODIFICATION ENTITY Preliminary draft October, November 2013 Contributions ALL

Draft 1 30/11/2013 Overall document structure ACCIONA Draft 1 13/01/2014 Review VSM Draft 2 28/01/2014 Review ACCIONA Draft 2 06/02/2014 Review UMONS Draft 2 14/02/2014 Review OZU Draft final version 28/02/2014 Review ACCIONA Final version 02/03/2014 Review CIRCE

1R=Report, P=Prototype, D=Demonstrator, O=Other

2PU=Public, PP=Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services), RE=Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services), CO=Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services)

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Executive Summary

NEED4B aims to develop an open and easily replicable methodology for designing, constructing, and operating new low energy buildings, aiming to a large market uptake. The NEED4B methodology is being validated and refined by a strong demonstration programme, spread among five demo sites.

The first phase of this methodology, the design phase, is conducted within WP3 & WP4. The WP4 “Design through the NEED4B methodology implementation” aims to define the detailed design for each demo site. The design will include the optimum combination of the technologies identified as suitable for each demo site in WP3 “Selection of low energy technologies and solutions” in order to reach the targets fixed by WP1 “Requirements, base line and boundary conditions” and task 2.2 “IPD: stakeholders´ requirements prioritization” for very low energy new buildings. The Deliverable 4.3 “Detailed design and construction documents” covers part of the work performed within task 4.3 linked with the detailed design process description and the engineering and construction document development. The other part of the task aims to develop the Deliverable 4.6 Recommendations for integral design of low Energy Buildings to refine the NEED4B methodology.

So, the main concept of deliverable 4.3 is summarised in the following issues:

(1) consistency with the design criteria and design principles on which the concept design (task 4.1) was based;

(2) addressing any unresolved issues associated with the development of the concept design;

(3) incorporate the concerns and expectation coming from the stakeholders (task 2.2) as well as the restrictions coming from the legal framework (WP1);

(4) address risk management during construction and operation; (5) Ensure the accomplishment of the energy, environment and indoor quality targets.

Consequently, the deliverable 4.3 is structured as follows:

Part 1: ithe work method followed within task 4.3 is introduced and its alignments with other tasks in the NEED4B framework.

Part 2: summarizes the detailed design process description at each demo site

Part 3: summarizes the general conclusions, it is shown the qualitative and quantitative analysis on the accomplishment of targets and goals reached by each project design.

Finally, it is shown the main engineering and construction documents at each demo site.

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CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... 4

CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................................ 6

LIST OF FIGURES: .............................................................................................................................. 8

LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................. 9

1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 10

2. DETAILED DESIGN PROCESS DESCRIPTION AT EACH DEMO SITE ............................................. 12

2.1 MONS, BELGIUM .................................................................................................................... 13

2.1.1 Project overview ............................................................................................................... 13 2.1.2 Planning ............................................................................................................................ 13 2.1.3 Analysis of boundary conditions ...................................................................................... 17 2.1.4 Analyze the accomplishment of the energy efficiency and indoor quality targets. ....... 19 2.1.5 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................... 20

2.2 ZARAGOZA, SPAIN .................................................................................................................. 26


2.3 BORÅS AND VARBERG, SWEDEN ............................................................................................ 46


2.4 ISTANBUL, TURKEY ................................................................................................................. 54


3. CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................................ 65

3.1 Accomplishment of the energy targets specified in the DOW ........................................ 67 3.2 Summary of final technologies and solutions considered within each demo site supporting NEED4B goal .............................................................................................................. 70 3.2.1 Demo site 1: Belgium........................................................................................................ 70 3.2.2 Demo site 3: Spain ............................................................................................................ 72 3.2.3 Demo site 4: Sweden ........................................................................................................ 74 3.2.4 Demo site 5: Turkey .......................................................................................................... 75

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4. REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................... 77

5. ANNEXES: ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS AT EACH DEMO SITE ................ 78

ANNEX 1. BELGIUM .............................................................................................................................. 78 ANNEX 2. SPAIN .................................................................................................................................... 79 ANNEX 3. SWEDEN ............................................................................................................................... 81 ANNEX 4. TURKEY ................................................................................................................................. 82

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List of figures:

Figure 1: Process followed in the design phase & outputs for methodology refinement .......... 10 Figure 2: Houses in Quaregnon (left figure) and 1 house in Masnuy-Saint-Jean (right figure) .. 13 Figure 3: CIRCE II demo building ................................................................................................. 26 Figure 4: Proposal A: Main façade oriented to Northeast and proposal B: Main façade oriented to South. ...................................................................................................................................... 31 FIgure 5 Primary energy demand of the constructive solutions, vertical structure and installations of the building ......................................................................................................... 35 FIgure 6 Global Warming Potential of the constructive solutions, vertical structure and installations of the building ......................................................................................................... 36 FIgure 7 Water demand of the constructive solutions, vertical structure and installations of the building ........................................................................................................................................ 36 Figure 8: The demo in Borås 2013-10-01 .................................................................................... 46 Figure 9: Important factors to choose a house. Answer from 118 possibly house buyers in south west of Sweden (Source: A Neisari.Thesis Report 2013, University of Borås) .................. 47 Figure 10: Suggested process about how to start thinking in the design process ...................... 49 Figure 11: ScOLa (School of Languages) Building ........................................................................ 54

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List of tables

Table 1: Updated BEST-Apartment-Bloc6-Quaregnom-Center .................................................. 21 Table 2:Updated BEST-Apartment-Bloc6-Quaregnom-NortWest .............................................. 23 Table 3:Updated BEST-Apartment-Bloc6-Quaregnom-SouthEst ................................................ 24 Table 4:Updated BEST-House- Masnuy ....................................................................................... 25 Table 5 Impacts during the production phase of the building (numerical) of the different constructive solutions, vertical structure and installation .......................................................... 34 Table 9: Composition and U values of CIRCE II building.............................................................. 40 Table 10: Updated BEST-CIRCE II ................................................................................................. 44 Table 11: Summary of annual energy indicators for CIRCE II headquarter ................................ 45 Table 12: Total values for energy indicators and CO2 emissions of CIRCE II .............................. 45 Table 13: Updated BEST- demonstrator building in Sweden ...................................................... 53 Table 14: Energy bills of SCOLA Building before and after NEED4B ........................................... 59 Table 15: Updated BEST-SCOLA Building .................................................................................... 64 Table 16: Summary of energy targets [BEST] reached by each demo site ................................. 65 Table 17: Summary of RES integration for each demo building ................................................. 66 Table 18: Comparison BEST data for each demo site ................................................................. 67 Table 19: Technical data of demo site 1 ..................................................................................... 70 Table 20: Technical data of demo site 3 ..................................................................................... 72 Table 21: technical data of demo site 4 ...................................................................................... 74 Table 22: Technical data of demo site 5 ..................................................................................... 75

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1. INTRODUCTION The task 4.3 “Detailed design and development of the engineering documents” involves the definition of the detailed design parameters for each building, considering the information standards fixed in task 2.3 “BIM tools selection for low energy building design, construction and operation” for the BIM application and following the design methodology developed in task 3.1 “Building structure and envelope”.

The key points to be considered for the detailed design are: (1) consistency with the design criteria and design principles on which the concept design (task 4.1) was based; (2) addressing any unresolved issues associated with the development of the concept design; (3) incorporate the concerns and expectations coming from the stakeholders (task 2.2) as well as the restrictions coming from the legal framework (WP1); (4) address risk management during construction and operation; (5) ensure the accomplishment of the energy, environment and indoor quality targets.

Thus, if we pay attention to the concept design, it is observed that the design process in the NEED4B framework was based on various tasks which have established specific goals to be reached in each one. To this extent, task 4.3 summarizes all the issues related to the design process followed at each demo site and collect specific information for the NEED4B methodology refinement (see Figure 1).

Figure 1: Process followed in the design phase & outputs for methodology refinement

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In a first stage, each demo site has developed its own detailed design. After that, a dedicated workshop was performed among each demo team in order to address the founded difficulties, jointly looking for solutions and lessons learnt sharing. A report of the detailed design process has been elaborated by each demo site.

On the other hand, according with the detailed design, all the engineering and construction documents have been developed also in this task, according with the information standards established in task 2.3 “BIM tools selection for low energy building design, construction and operation”. All these documents are annexed to this report.

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2. DETAILED DESIGN PROCESS DESCRIPTION AT EACH DEMO SITE

As it is noted in this section, only the unresolved issues related to the building design have been considered in this report, as well as the compliance with the specific targets established at the very beginning. In that sense, a summary of the main aspects considered through the design process have developed by each demo team. However, it is advisable to take into account the deliverables D3.1 and D4.1 to complement the present report.

The detailed design process at each demo site is described in this report as follows:

a. Project overview: describing the general information regarding each project

b. Planning: describing the planning phase, the boundary conditions and the specific goals of the project, the quality control plan, the working sessions arranged during design phase and the general experience to be highlighted in the design process of each project.

c. Analysis of boundary conditions: at this phase was analyzed the technical, social and economic conditions for the design.

d. After that, it is showed the accomplishment of the energy efficiency and indoor quality targets of each project. This step includes:

− Conceptual design analysis − Analysis of building materials and equipment [input task 2.4] − Analysis of Indoor Environmental Quality [IEQ] targets [input task 4.2] − Detailed analysis of the passive and active design strategies

e. Conclusions: including how the project design accomplishes the energy targets

specified in the DOW and the summary of final technologies and solutions considered within each demo site supporting the NEED4B goal.

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2.1 Mons, Belgium

2.1.1 Project overview Sixteen passive houses will be built in Quaregnon and one house in Masnuy-Saint-Jean.

Figure 2: Houses in Quaregnon (left figure) and 1 house in Masnuy-Saint-Jean (right figure)

The houses in Quaregnon will be built in 3 different blocks: 2 blocks of 5 houses and one block of 6 houses.

The individual surface of the houses in Quaregnon ranges from 95 to 115 m2 while the surface of the individual house in Masnuy-Saint-Jean is 183 m2

The walls of the houses will be made of bricks with polystyrene insulation and the floors with prefabricated concrete. For a complete and detailed list of materials, properties and UValues please see Deliverable D3.1

The Quaregnon project concerns houses that will be sold to a final owner. The construction phase will start during the second semester of 2014 after the first houses are sold. Different technical issues regarding the monitoring that will be performed during the first 2 years have been investigated and final monitoring procedure has been setup.

The house in Masnuy-Saint-Jean will be also fully equipped with solar PV panels. Based on the large available roof surface, this house is expected to be a zero energy house. Further additional details are also available in the Deliverable 3.1

2.1.2 Planning

2.1.2.1 Specific boundary conditions of the project and the client’s needs and demands

It is not possible to know the client needs and demands in detail. This is because in such a project, the house must be designed, the building permit must be requested and obtained and finally the house can be sold. Therefore the contact with the real final client occurs when the

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design is already finished. Thus, the client needs must be estimated based on the target client and the local market knowledge of this type of buildings.

First of all, the main client need is to obtain a house that is affordable and which price is as close as possible to traditional low energy houses. The need of cost-effectiveness solutions match with the goals set in the call of this project.

Secondly, the target clients are clients that are sensible to the environmental aspects as well as to the energy consumption during the house operation.

Finally, the clients are also interested in different sizes and configurations of houses. The designed buildings include mid-level to high-level standing houses, and some include a small garden.

2.1.2.2 Specific goals for the project design. Targets to be reached: Build and sell the houses in Quaregnon, Build and rent the house in Masnuy-Saint-Jean

In order to reach that goal, it is needed to ensure the most cost effective solutions to build the houses while reaching the energy consumption target of 60 kWh/m2year.

Energy Demands and Thermal set points

− Heating Set point: 20°C − Total internal gains: 2.1W/m2 (from occupants,

appliances and lighting) − Infiltration: n50 ≤0.6h-1

− Ventilation requirements: 0.4h-1 − Target heating Load demand: HL ≤ 15 kWh/m2-

year − To apply for passive house certification, there

are not really defined working schedules for occupation of the building, and the internal gains are considered to remain steady at 2.1W/m2 for the whole period.

Energy Targets (Final energy consumption and primary energy when specified)

− Space heating load (ASHP COP 2.7) Electrical demand: 7 kWh/m2/year

− Cooling: 0 − Ventilation: from 2 to 3.5 kWh/m2-year − Domestic hot water (depending on number of

occupants) from 17.8to 21.3 kWh/m2-year − Lighting: 2.5 to 5 kWh/m2-year − Primary energy factor for Belgium = 2.5 − The target is to reach a primary energy demand

below 60 Kwh/m2/year. This figure does not include energy demand by appliances.

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RES: Photovoltaic panels

− For Quaregnon (10 panels and 15 panels per house): around 11.0 kWhr/m2-year.

− For Masnuy-Saint-Jean house : 42 kWhr / m2 / year.

Economic aspects

− The target is to limit the increase in cost to 200 €/m2 of these passive very low energy house compared to standard K35 low energy house in Belgium.

− During the operation, the gain of such passive house compared to standard low energy house is expected to be around 100 € / month on the energy bill.

Others

− A specific attention point has to be placed for the Quaregnon demo site that need to be sold before the house can be constructed.

2.1.2.3 Quality Control Plan A number of actions have already started and others are planned within the developed framework of the NEED4B project:

1. In Task 5.1, a synthetic Quality Control Plan has been designed for each demo site including the Belgian demo site.

2. In task 5.3, this synthetic Quality Control Plan will be further developed and used to control the design process and limit the possibility of deficiencies and non-conformities.

3. In the WP6, a detailed monitoring of the house is planned in order to confirm the performance of the buildings after their construction.

The Quality Control Plan and the monitoring activities, together, will guarantee that the fundamental energy parameters accomplished with the design (project commissioning). In particular, there will be verifiedthe building envelope U values: Insulation type and thickness, windows size and U values, ventilation equipment efficiency, air source heat pump COP, photovoltaic panel’s efficiency and inverter’s efficiency.

2.1.2.4 Risk management during construction and operation A number of risks have been identified and a list of specific actions to limit those risks have been created:

Technical risks:

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1. An experienced architect with a well know track record in the design of such buildings have been selected.

2. A university has been associated to the project in order to perform additional simulations and further research on the building energy performance and operation.

Legal aspects related to demo site permit

1. After an initial selection of a demo site in Mons with additional difficulties to get the building permit, the risk has been mitigated by selecting a demo site for which a much simpler standard process to get the building permit has to be followed.

2. Moreover, an additional individual house has been added in order to diversify the offer in terms of location, type of building and final destination (sell versus rent).

Financial risks

1. In Belgium, in order to start constructing this type ofbuilding (e.g. in Quaregnon) that will be sold to end users, an insurance must be acquired by the constructor in order to ensure that the building will be finished and delivered to the final owner (LoiBreyne).

2.1.2.5 Working sessions and meetings arranged with whole involved team During the design phase, monthly meetings have been organized among the Belgian partners in order to discuss the final design and the optimization of several design details.

During the construction phase, it is contractually agreed with the architect that at least one meeting per week must take place between the architect, the contractors and project developer.

During the operation phase, a monthly meeting will be organized in order to follow-up the monitoring and operation of the building.

2.1.2.6 Problems and solutions arranged in the design process The Deliverable 3.1 already summarized the different problems and solutions found during the design process. In particular, five important steps have been necessary to come into the final building design. The last design step was the optimization of energy efficiency goals.

2.1.2.7 General experience to be highlighted in the design process of this project [if any]

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Getting a building permit is always a very risky and long process which moreover sets very strong constraints on what can be achieved in terms of external building design. This is acceptable and there is a logic behind this which is to ensure a coherent urbanization development.

However, according with the NEED4B Project characteristics, more freedom in terms of design could be needed, in order to design innovative solutions.

Ideally:

The project developer who participates in Energy Efficient European demonstration project should have the building permit before starting project. This would limit the risk and limit the time period required to start the construction of the building.

However, if this is the case, to obtain the permit the design has to be already performed and therefore the application of a design methodology cannot be really tested during the project.

As a conclusion, there are some difficulties to align planning and task sequences of the financed project with the local legal framework (at least this is the case in Belgium). The challenge is then trying to match these two circumstances as much as possible while reaching the objectives of both parts (legal and European) and in the most efficient way. This is a time consuming aspect and a risk factor that must be managed carefully.

2.1.3 Analysis of boundary conditions

Technically, the fulfillment of the requirements for certification for the Passive House standard is a main target in the design of the buildings. For primary energy demand, the design needs to perform below 60 kWh/m2-year.

Economically, the main boundary condition is to make sure that the houses will be attractive on the market which is one of the main goals of this project.

Socially, it has not been identified real social boundary conditions.

2.1.3.1 Legal framework and construction standards

The legal framework in Wallonia for promoting energy efficient buildings is: CODE WALLON DE L'AMENAGEMENT DU TERRITOIRE, DE L'URBANISME, DU PATRIMOINE ET DE L'ENERGIE (CWATUPE). This regulation provides the maximum allowed U value (W/m2*K) for each wall, minimum flow and devices for ventilation, level of primary consumption of the building, and the risk for overheating.

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Aremarkable aspect is the frequency of modification of the regulation as well as the large importance of modifications, affecting in some cases, financial opportunities. As an example, the use of PV panel technology was supported by authorities and this support was recently finished. Moreover, now there is a possibility to have additional taxes applicable to PV equipment. The fact that regulation and financial aspects changes drastically often makes the decision of investing in technologies with a high initial investment very risky for the design team or building owners.

2.1.3.2 Cost effectiveness [input task 2.4] The main recommendations from the Task 2.4 are to reduced window size as much as possible, due to the energy demand required to manufacture the windows, the associated water consumption and emissions. A smaller window size will also reduce the heating load demand. Regarding renewable energy productions, it is advised to install as many PV modules as possible in the roofs of the building in order to reduce primary energy demand.

2.1.3.3 Cost-optimal methodology framework [EU No 244/2012] Due to the lack of a materials database for Belgium, the metabase of the Catalonia Institute of Construction technology has been used for the cost estimation for materials. The sources of the metaBase are: - Bank ITEC – Entities – Companies – Stores - CE marking http://www.itec.cat/home/index.asp Costs of materials do not include taxes, overheads or any profit for the company. They do not include neither any salary, man-power and installation costs. For emissions and primary energy demand, the advanced LCA and LCC tool developed by CIRCE was used. The data for materials includes values form EcoIvent v2.0 and from EPD (environmental product declaration) Electricity costs, diesel and tap water are included in the calculations. Useful surface: 1519 m2, Life Span: 50 years, Interest rate: 0.50%, Inflation: 2% Primary Energy Demand (MJ-Eq/m2*year) Production Phase: 101.08 (MJ-Eq/m2year)

Construction Phase: 10.00 (MJ-Eq/m2year) Use Phase: 104.26 (MJ-Eq/m2year) EOL phase: 10.93 (MJ-Eq/m2year)

Material Costs € (for 2 buildings of 6 houses and 1 building of 5 houses) Production Phase (materials): 912,685.6 € (It

represents around one third of the total

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http://www.itec.cat/home/index.asp

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construction cost) Construction Phase (transport): 32,461.7 € Use Phase: 1,307,529.7 € End of life Phase: 316,661.95€

2.1.4 Analyze the accomplishment of the energy efficiency and indoor quality targets.

The issues to be analyzed are the following:

2.1.4.1 Conceptual design analysis The conceptual design accomplished the requirements for the following reasons:

- The conceptual design of the building was a very good candidate to minimize the energy demands thanks to the compact structure of the house for the Quaregnon demo site and thanks to the maximization of the south facing wall and roof for the Masnuy-Saint-Jean house

- The conceptual design was performed optimizing the number of square meter that could be constructed on the specified zone.

- The conceptual design was performed optimizing the market value of the building in order to limit the impact of the passive house additional price.

2.1.4.2 Analysis of building materials and equipment [input task 2.4] The LCA considers the energy used in the production construction use/operation and EOL phases. The largest primary energy demand takes place during the production and use/operation stages, with 45 and 46% respectively of the total energy demand during the life cycle analysis. The results are obtained after using the LCA tool developed by CIRCE. For a more detailed report, the reader can refer to D.2.4.i. Interpretation and recommendation of advanced LCA/LCC results of the demo sites. The LCA shows that the materials that have the highest requirement for primary energy during the production phase are the EPDM rubber with almost 23% of the total, and the windows frame with almost 23% of the total as well. (seeD.2.4.i. Interpretation and recommendation of advanced LCA/LCC results of the demo sites). On the other hand, the use of photovoltaic panels reduces significantly the electricity consumed from the grid during the whole life span of the building (for this case 50 years).

2.1.4.3 Analysis of Indoor Environmental Quality [IEQ] targets

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The use of double-flow ventilation with filtration will provide the required amount of fresh air needed for maintaining air quality inside the building and to provide a healthy living environment. Particular attention should be given to air humidity prevailing in the house because the mechanical ventilation systems tend to reduce the percentage of relative humidity (RH)and indoor air to become too dry. During the commissioning stage (monitoring of temperature and RH), if the RH is too low, the ventilation rate can be adjusted to avoid any comfort problems. For acoustic comfort,walls between 2 houses are treated with two walls with sound insulation between them to ensure optimum acoustic comfort and meeting the Belgian noise standard. The lighting was designed to give each room the number of lux required to have acomfortable level illumination for each kind of use. Electromagnetic pollution from domestic electrical cables is limited especially in the frequent living areas by the imposition that electrical circuits do not intersect in rooms where people spend more time (bed, living room ...).

2.1.4.4 Detailed analysis of the passive and active design strategies Summer design features Utilization of window shades to reduce solar energy gains and

reduce thermal discomfort due to overheating. Winter design features

Selection of high efficiency HRV unit (≥90%). Utilization of high performance windows.

General strategies − Thermal insulation: low U values (U=0.085W/m2K)) for the façade, 0.09 W/m2K for the roof, 0.09 /m2K for the ground floor.

− Windows: Glazing max allowed value 0.75W/m2K − Lighting: LED and illumination simulations for reducing

installed power. − RES integration: Photovoltaic panels connected to the

grid. (no batteries required for storage).

2.1.5 Conclusions The design complies with the legal framework requirements.

Target heating load for all the apartments reached when using windows with U value of 0.75 and G =0.613, HRV efficiency of 0.90 (bypass mode). Area reduction of north facing glassing

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(windows & glass doors) for apartment 5 and 6, and insulation thickness increased 5cm to reach U = 0.075 W/m2K.

2.1.5.1 BEST updated after design Table 1: Updated BEST-Apartment-Bloc6-Quaregnom-Center

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Building Energy Specification Table (BEST) Community / site Mons Belgium BEST no.

1,1 Building Category total area / category / BEST sheet [2] 484 m2 96m2 / apartment / hou[1] New apartments - Central

1,2 Local Climate January average outside temperature oC 3,1August average outside temperature oC 17,7

Climatic Zone Humid climate (temperate zone) Average global horizontal radiation kWh/m2 yr 1000(national definition) Tempéré océanique Annual heating degree days [3] oCd/yr 2130

1,3 Maximum requirements of building fabricExisting building [5]

National regulation for new built [6]

suggested specification [7]

Energy savings [%] [8]

Façade/wall U W / m2K Not applicable 0,4 0,15 62,5%Roof U W / m2K Not applicable 0,3 0,15 50,0%Ground floor U W / m2K Not applicable 0,4 / 0,6 0,15 62,5% / 75%Glazing Ug W / m2K Not applicable 2,6 0,85 67,3%

Average U-value Uav W / m2K Not applicable 1,6 0,65 59,4%Glazing g total solar energy transmittance of glazing Not applicable - 0,5Shading Fs Shading correction factor Not applicable -Ventilation rate[4] air changes/hr Not applicable 6 2 66,7%

The default admitted value for infiltration is 12m3/h/m2The minimum ventialtion rate is 3,6 m3/h/m2

2 Building Energy Performance

2,1 Energy demand per m2 of total used conditioned floor area (kWh / m2yr) incl. system losses energy carrier

existing

suggested energy carrier

specify energy efficiency measures [13]

Existing building [5]

National regulation / normal practice


% Energy savings [8]

Heating + ventilation

Not applicable Electricity kWh/m2yr Heat pump Not applicable 120 15 88%

Cooling + ventilation

Not applicable Electricity kWh/m2yr Solar protection (option : heat pump) Not applicable 0 0 Not applicable

Ventilation (if separate from heating/cooling)

Not applicable Electricity kWh/m2yr Controlled mechanical ventilation Not applicable 2 2 0%with heat recovery system

Lighting

electricity kWh/m2yr Low energy light systems Not applicable 6 5 17%

Domestic Hot Water (DHW)

Not applicable Electricity kWh/m2yr Heat pump / solar panels Not applicable 24 22 8%

Other energy demand

Not applicable Electricity kWh/m2yr Not applicable 20 15 25%

kWh/m2yr Subtotal sum of energy demand 0 172 59 66%

Appliances (please indicate, but costs are not eligible)

electricity kWh/m2yr All equipments will be class A Not applicable 35 31 11%

2,2 RES contribution per m2 of total used conditioned area (kWh / m2 yr) total

production kWh/yr m2 installed

kW installed specify RES measures


National regulation /

normal practice

suggested specification

[7]

RES contribution [%][8]

12000 120 16 Photovoltaique panels Not applicable 11 19%6000 24 16 Solar thermal panels Not applicable 6 10%

kWh/m2yr Subtotal sum of RES contribution 0 0 17 29%

3 Building Energy Use per m2 of total used/heated floor area (kWh/m2 yr)

kWh/m2yr Subtotal sum of energy demand 0 172 59 66%kWh/m2yr Subtotal sum of RES contribution 0 0 17 Not applicable

kWh/m2yr Total Building Energy Use 0 172 42 76%

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Table 2:Updated BEST-Apartment-Bloc6-Quaregnom-NortWest


1,1 Building Category total area / category / BEST sheet [2] 486 m2 81m2 / apartment or house[1] New apartments - West












existing













Lighting




Other energy demand










normal practice


[7]







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Table 3:Updated BEST-Apartment-Bloc6-Quaregnom-SouthEst


1,1 Building Category total area / category / BEST sheet [2] 540 m2 90m2 / apartment / house[1] New apartments - Est












existing













Lighting




Other energy demand










normal practice


[7]







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Table 4:Updated BEST-House- Masnuy

Building Energy Specification Table (BEST) Community / site Masnuy-Saint-Jean Belgium BEST no.

1,1 Building Category total area / category / BEST sheet [2] 150 m2

[1] New Passive house












existing













Lighting




Other energy demand










normal practice


[7]







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2.2 Zaragoza, Spain

2.2.1 Project overview

The CIRCE II building will be located in Rio Ebro Campus of the University of Zaragoza in Spain. The building has 2.782,50 m2 and it is placed in a plot of 7.875m2.

The new headquarters will house individual and collective offices accommodating 192 people divided into 8 areas. Three laboratories will also be included in this new space: one for eco-efficiency in buildings, one for electrical protections and another one for electrical metrology.

Figure 3: CIRCE II demo building

There are also a number of common areas that are: Conference room, 3 meetings rooms, offices, concierge and toilets.

The following distribution criteria are established for the architectural program:

Locate laboratories on the ground floor to facilitate mobility and locate equipment, therefore, areas that do not have laboratories on the upper floors.

Main offices and individual work areas are placed into the plot of the most private living areas - common work areas, laboratories and work rooms are placed to the outside of the parcel towards the public area.

At the point of articulation of the 2 arms of the “L" standing vertical circulation.

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The vertical circulations are understood, broadly, as movement of building users and circulation of fluids that run the building, water, air, electricity or data.

Furthermore, the design concept tries to show the nature of an energy efficiency building demonstration by making visible the flows of energy through it.

Water: rain water is collected in the deck and conduct to a pond located on the ground floor, where the downspout rainwater poured into a stainless steel channel. From this pond the water is conveyed to the treatment tank located in the cellar.

Air flow: Air has three entry points to the building: Canadians wells, Trombe wall and untreated air vent from the deck. These three points are vertically connected by the yard facilities so that it can display all air cycle.

2.2.2 Planning

2.2.2.1 Specify the boundary conditions of the project and the client’s needs and demands

The main constraints of the CIRCE II building are in line with the objectives outlined in the NEED4B project: the building should be configured as an energy efficient building, but also as a demonstration model that will be used as an energy efficiency research platform.

Thus, the specification of the characteristics and requirements to be met by the building was provided by the University of Zaragoza.

2.2.2.2 Specific goals for the project design.

Based on the criteria established in the previous section the specific objectives for the project are:

Implementation-relationship with the place and with the existing building [CIRCE I]

- Relationship to the university Campus - Occupation of the plot and growth potential - Wind Protection - Good accessibility

Energy efficiency criteria

- A low energy building - Integration of RES - Take advance of the energy resources placed on

the site. - The aim of designing and constructing a building

with a very low dependence from the user. - Some interesting constructive solutions to be

considered are Chilled Beams and Green House. - Canadian geothermal system right under the

building ground area.

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- It is commented the intention to install vertical shading systems only if these can be automatic, or instead, horizontal fixed shading systems.

The U values previously established are the following:

Budget/ cost issues

- The cost of the private architectural competition, the cost of the architectural design and the cost of total building construction are defined.

- The private architectural competition is devoted to the selection of the architect firm who will present their candidature proposing the facility project cost and the engineering studio in charge, but budgeted independently.

2.2.2.3 Quality Control Plan

The Quality Control Plan to follow-up throughout the Spanish demo site will be held by BIM and the specific checkpoints established in the monitoring phase.

The Building Information Model is being used to check the design quality and constructability, which purpose is:

• To improve the quality of the design solutions, • To enhance the design conformance to the client’s needs • To evaluate if the design can actually be built by a construction team and how it will be

done, so the amount of modification design required during construction will be reduced.

• To ensure a functional, high-quality building as the end result.

2.2.2.4 Risk management during construction and operation

The plan for risks management during the demo site construction and operation includes addressing the following risks:

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A. The risk of legal or regulatory nature. They are related to obtaining planning permission, land ownership, administrative and financial management of the works and compliance with current legislation affecting construction.

Proper management of these risks have the figure of an experienced project manager.

B. From project and its interpretation. Including possible technical errors found in the building project during its implementation, material errors detected in the current budget and in the interpretation of undefined issues, inaccuracies and inconsistencies in the memory of the project or budget.

Proper management of these risks will be carried out by the works manager architect that may or may not coincide with the editor of the architectural project.

C. From the execution of the contract. It is related to the general contractor awarded with the project works and the price that has offered, which is closed (with the risk of disproportionate decreases on the original budget that can make difficult the fulfillment of the conditions and requirements of the contract).

Proper management of these risks requires the involvement of a control agent for execution and acceptance testing of materials. For this, the Director of Enforcement and the person in charge of Quality Control and of the certified laboratories for materials testing will be involved.

D. From health and safety conditions in construction. Compliance with current regulations shall be guaranteed in terms of safety and health from the provisions in the project that are approved and that are included as appendix to the works project and the Safety Plan prepared by the contractor and approved by the Project Manager and the Contracting Body.

Proper management of these risks requires the participation of the coordinator of Occupational Safety and Health and the Director of Execution.

E. From environmental requirements. Aiming to minimize the environmental impact caused by the construction works the building operation influencing compliance with current regulations.

Proper management of these risks requires the drafting and approval of the project on the management of construction waste and its monitoring by the Director of Enforcement and the Health and Safety Coordinator.

F. From the terms. They are inherent risks in the fulfillment of the plan provided for the development of the works. Of particular relevance in the case of requiring funds from institutions with immovable eligibility periods for the financing of the works, as is the present case of the Spanish demo site. A difficult risk to manage is the admission of unworkable or inconsistent deadlines with the periods of eligibility. In this case these are not controllable risks.

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Proper management of these risks requires the assistance of the Director of Implementation to regularly monitor the pace of implementation of the works, reporting of temporary diversions from established milestones in the diagram of the execution of works and raising the necessary measures to recover the delays.

It is foreseen to establish the specifications for hiring a good management of these risks, which implies the preparation of specifications documents in a very detailed way, adjusting the content and scope of the work to incorporate control mechanisms that are easy to interpret and adjuted to the objective.

2.2.2.5 Working sessions and meetings arranged with whole involved team

Throughout the design phase, meetings between the stakeholders were arranged as needed. Ten meetings happened in total. For further details regarding each meeting see the deliverable 4.5.

The stakeholders involved were: UZ, CIRCE, ACCIONA, INGECON and IDOM3 (Engineering & Architectural Company).

It was agreed that thematic meetings between the architects (IDOM) and NEED4B task participants will be arranged to facilitate interaction and decision-making.

The first meeting was arranged on 11/19/2012 and the last one on 10/10/2013.


The main lesson to be highlighted is the analysis of the wind conditions to select the optimal orientation of the building.

A detailed analysis has been performed to determinate the better conditions to integrate the building into its surroundings. In this case was analyzed the wind conditions which influence in the building design in order to guarantee the indoor environmental quality as well as the energy efficiency of the building.

To obtain the wind data in situ, weather data was collected in order to obtain accurate climatic conditions of the site which will be integrated in the simulation’s software weather data. Moreover, to contribute the designers decision making at the conceptual design stage. As an example, the wind study to select the optimal buildings orientation was performed with this data.

3

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• Wind flow analysis

This study was performed in order to analyze the effect of prevailing windson two different proposals for the implementation of the building CIRCE II in Zaragoza:

Figure 4: Proposal A: Main façade oriented to Northeast and proposal B: Main façade oriented to South.

The wind´s analysis examines the wind roses from the weather station of CIRCE. After the analysis it was decided to conduct the wind study for the winter, with a wind direction - 60° North with a speed of 7.5 m/s.

Winter has been chosen for the simulation to be considered the worst season because the excessive wind increases the chill sensation. By contrast, in warmer months the wind is not harmful.

The main conclusions shown in the complete study, but not presented in this document, are the following:

• The weather conditions of Zaragoza are harsh, because of the high wind speed, particularly in winter, and the high temperatures and solar radiation in summer.

• There are not shading elements on the site, such as trees or high buildings

• The main facade of the building should have South orientation.

• Those climatic conditions might be used to generate energy from renewable resources


At this point the boundary conditions taken into account for the project design are fundamentally the legal framework and the compliance with the LCA carry out in task 2.4.


Regarding the governmental policies, at this step must be analyzed the standards and applicable regulations of each landmark.

At national level:

• Instrucción de Hormigón Estructural. EHE

• Código Técnico de la Edificación, (R.D. 314/2006 de 17 de marzo.)

A B

CIRCE I CIRCE II

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• Ley 31/1995 de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales.

• Disposiciones mínimas de seguridad y salud en las obras de construcción. RD 1627/1997, de 24 de Octubre.

• Ordenanza General de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo.

• Reglamento Electrotécnico de Baja Tensión e Instrucciones Complementarias (2002)

• Disposiciones mínimas de seguridad y salud en las obras de construcción. RD 1627/1997, de 24 de Octubre

• Reglamento de Seguridad Contra Incendios en los Establecimientos Industriales (R.D. 2267/2004, de 3 de diciembre).

For HVAC systems:

• Código Técnico de la Edificación, (R.D. 314/2006 de 17 de marzo.)

• Reglamento de Instalaciones Térmicas en los Edificios: RITE

• Reglamento de prevención de la legionella (Real Decreto 865/2003 de 4 de Julio)

• Normas UNE, UNE-EN contempladas en las citadas Normas, Ordenanzas y Reglamentos.

• Reglamento de Actividades Molestas, Insalubres, Nocivas y Peligrosas, según Decreto 2414/1961, de 30 de noviembre, BOE nº 292, de 7 de diciembre de 2003.

At regional level:

• Ley Ambiental 7/2006, de 22 de junio de Protección Ambiental de Aragón.

At local level: Ordenanzas Municipales del Ayuntamiento de Zaragoza

• Ordenanza Municipal de Protección contra Incendios de Zaragoza (BOP Zaragoza nº4, de 7 de enero de 2011).

• Ordenanza Municipal para la Protección contra Ruidos y Vibraciones de Zaragoza.

• Ordenanzas Municipales de Protección del Medio Ambiente en el término municipal de Zaragoza.

• Ordenanza Municipal para el Control de la Contaminación de las Aguas Residuales de Zaragoza.

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• Ordenanza Municipal de Supresión de Barreras Arquitectónicas (BOA 22-01-2001).

2.2.3.2 Cost effectiveness [input task 2.4]

During the early design phase different alternatives have been analyzed the demo site valuating different alternatives for the final materials selection and the energy systems.

The Spain demo site has finally chosen the alternative with the lowest life cycle costs because the results have shown that the energy consumption and environmental impact are not so unfavorable with respect to other options listed in section 3.1 of D3.1.

Once the final alternatives have been chosen, a thorough analysis has been carried out during the final design phase. The results during this final design phase clearly show that the production phase and selection of building materials and components becomes more important for the environmental load in buildings with low energy demand. This means that from a life cycle perspective, focusing on efficient use of materials and use of materials with lower associated global warming potential and lower energy consumption are more appropriate for sustainable construction practices.


2.2.4.1 Conceptual design analysis

The top concept for the CIRCE II design is the Efficiency: understanding that is a building in which all parties are in the service of achieving a defined goal. Thus, all strategies and design proposals are intended to achieve the main objective of creating a functional space inside a high energy efficient building. In that sense, this space is raised: Flexible, quiet, organized, modular and naturally lighted. It is a space at the service of research activities in which flexibility appears as an Efficiency criterion. The building can take changes in the distribution of their architectural program so that it may work efficiently throughout its life cycle.

The architectural concept is developed based on a holistic strategy, where the envelope, the structure and facilities are functioning as an organism in balance (metabolic approach) including the context: the place where they are located and reacting with the natural sources existing in the place (wind, water, earth or sun).

In terms of construction elements, the maximum efficiency of each of the components is sought from the point of view of the total energy consumed during their life cycle.

The enclosure shall consist of an inner sheet of clay with high thermal inertia, a high performance and thick thermal insulation skin, sunscreen: one last skin that opens, deforms,

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drilled and oriented to obtain the proper lighting, sun protection and ventilation. This skin always leaves an interstitial space between the other layers.

The activated structure is also an effective element to integrate the functions of support and indoor acclimatization (process in which an individual organism adjusts to a gradual change in its environment (such as a change in temperature, humidity, photoperiod, or pH), allowing it to maintain performance across a range of environmental conditions).

Vegetation cover: It is considered as an element of continuity with the urbanization, will be natural to tour the building by their covers. The vegetation treatment significantly improves the energy performance of the cover and also helps to eliminate the “heat island effect".

2.2.4.2 Analysis of building materials and equipment [input task 2.4]

The following table and charts show the different impacts of the constructive solutions, vertical structure and installations of the Spanish demo site according to the LCA study carried out.

Table 5 Impacts during the production phase of the building (numerical) of the different constructive solutions, vertical structure and installation

In terms of primary energy demand (MJ-Eq/m2year), the larger values correspond to the walls (64.31%), foundations (16.13%) and roof (10.44%). Within the walls the highest impact is for

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the external walls (67.39%) due to the thermal inertia that the TABS (Thermal Activated Building System) demands.

The same occurs for the Global Warming Potential (kgCO2-Eq/m2year) as most of the emissions take place in the walls (48.74%), foundations (30.56%) and roof (10.08%)

For water demand (l/m2-year), the foundations (62%) are the highest impact followed by walls (26.79%) and installations (10.88%).

The openings, vertical structure and installations have the less weight of the impact. Within the openings the windows frames are made of wood so their primary energy demand is slightly higher than the glasses (51.73% to 47.22%) but the Global Warming Potential and water demand are much lower.

FIgure 5 Primary energy demand of the constructive solutions, vertical structure and installations of the building

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FIgure 6 Global Warming Potential of the constructive solutions, vertical structure and installations of the building

FIgure 7 Water demand of the constructive solutions, vertical structure and installations of the building

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The transport during this phase has been estimated. An average distance of 293 km (according to http://www.eebguide.eu/) has been assumed. Until the final materials distributors are selected, it is hard to estimate more accurately the traveled distance by the materials.


Indoor air quality Air Ventilation with Free Cooling: Air-conditioner units will count on heat-exchangers to save the energy from the air that will be retrieved from the building. Additionally there will be two sub-systems to heat or cool the air before reaching the air-conditioner units: Canadian wells and Trombe wall. They will help to put the outside air closer to the comfort temperature before reaching the air-conditioner units keeping to a minimum use the heating and cooling batteries.

Individual control of indoor comfort conditions shall be made by CO2 probes, temperature probes and probes for level control ventilation with three air quality levels.

Indoor Lighting Quality

Due to the use of the building is vital the use of natural light, which contributes to significant energy savings and increase the quality of lighting comfort, increasing workers’ productivity.

In all the building areas, the lighting levels meet the minimum required by current Safety and Health Ordinance and the European Standard for Interior Lighting. UNE 12464.1

The calculation method is point -to-point calculation by computer [DIALUX]. This is considered as the most accurate and most reliable calculation method used in lighting. So, it has been achieved the following results:

• Lighting levels shall be ensured 500 lux in work areas and 100 lux in common areas.

Thanks to the system of regulation in both public areas and work areas the light level will be adapted to the use that is given to each room at any time, scheduling lower lighting levels being possible.

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Indoor thermal Quality

To ensure compliance with the conditions for thermal comfort inside buildings several strategies have been considered, the main ones are:

• A compact form

• South orientation of the building for solar access and cooling breezes

• Careful selection of the thermal insulation materials

• Ventilation strategies to limit air turbulences and to maintain the optimum gradient of temperature indoors.

• Hygrothermal Control by radiant building elements of heating and cooling. Thus, using TAB technology.

• Careful placement of shading devices and wide openings for summertime.

• Positioning the space of the building according its activities.

Indoor Sound Quality

Acoustic treatment strategies considered in the project have been made according to the recommendations of CTE, specifically the DB-HR Protección frente al ruido.

Accordingly, the level of airborne sound insulation and impact noise referred on the already mentioned DB-HR, were verified.

To achieve this goal have been observed the following indications:

- Insulation criteria are respected at both airborne sound and noise impacts level and indoor fittings of the building.

- Besides the noise and vibration that can be transmitted by the facilities to the protected and habitable areas of the building through fasteners or contact points with the construction elements are limited.

To select units of use or other grouping of areas have been considered: use criteria, communication and interrelation of areas and people to develop their work, intimacy needs, etc.

Thus, it has made the acoustic characterization of the construction solutions and in the building construction phase

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will be implemented considering the acoustic requirements.

The acoustic treatment solution has been applied to the project:

In the common areas of the project - corridors and hallways - sound absorbing elements formed by panels of fiberboard agglomerated with cement (celenit type), will be applied.

2.2.4.4 Detailed analysis of the passive and active design strategies

In this point will be detailed the better strategies adapted to the climatic conditions of the Spanish demo site.

a. Summer design features and Winter design features:

Solar gains in winter and protection in summer:

Sunscreens are designed to allow solar access in a controlled way. Thus, the horizontal overhang prevents solar radiation in the summer months as much about the holes as the blind side of the facade, from April to October, and lets solar access in the winter months, November to March, while the double skin building diffuses light to prevent annoying glare.

In the winter months it will be important to capture solar radiation, while in the summer months, the solar gains are minimized to avoid impact on the glazed openings, as well as the building envelope, avoiding overheating. The solar collection strategy must be compatible with not introducing direct light that produces glare in work environments. It also appreciated that because of high internal loads such the ones produced by people, lighting and computer equipment at all times, no solar gain will be positive.

Thus, in particular have been considered:

• Compact form [“L” form]

• Minimizes the heat losses: thermal bridges, infiltrations, etc.

• Take advantage of the internal loads for heating in winter

• High inertia of building elements (summer time offset between solar gains and internal gain)

• Natural Ventilation

• Double skin south facade and roof. By solar study it is extracted the south facade and deck have great sunshine, for this reason, we performed a double skin south facade and double deck to prevent the absorption of heat during the summer months due to the direct solar incidence in construction elements. The double skin and double deck have been raised with

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lightweight and simple systems and are very effective in lowering 6 º C the outer surface temperature of the building elements.

b. General strategies:

The thermal envelope of the building is exponentially important because of the applied strategy. In winter it is to minimize heat loss, while in summer is to keep out heat from the outside. It is also necessary to consider the factor of orientation, shape and arrangement of the holes for use of natural lighting and ventilation according to the requirements of indoor comfort.

To achieve this objective it has been made a detailed study for the following aspects: percentage of holes, the envelope thermal insulation, thermal bridges, Infiltration and Thermal Inertia.

− Thermal insulation:

At the very beginning the proposed thermal insulation indicates that insulation has to be increased to obtain U values at least 10% less than those established by the CTE-HE1. Thus, the final proposal goes in the reduction, seeking profit maximization threshold of insulation thickness by the following composition of enclosures:

Table 6: Composition and U values of CIRCE II building

Composition U value (W/m2-K Facade Prefabricated concrete panel10cm

Rock wool 20 cm Thermal clay 29cm Plaster 1,5cm

0,175 W/m2-K (reduction 80% from CTE)

Roof Concrete slab 30cm Waterproof sheet Thermal insulation Gravel


Slab on ground

Thermal insulation Sill Concrete slab


Thermal bridges: the treatment of thermal bridges has been made carefully, as shown in sections, thermal insulation always passes in front of the structure and a thermal break is generated in the construction solution of cantilevers.

Infiltration: Just as important as thermal bridges is the tightness of the building facing infiltrations. Optimal sealing of the building will prevent unnecessary heat loss. In building design and construction process, encounters between vertical and horizontal surfaces,

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constructive encounters with the utility shafts and section of the elevator shaft will be sealed. Moreover, in the execution phase will be made a pressure testing of all these collisions points.

− Thermal mass:

The form factor of the proposal seeks compactness and reduced surfaces in contact with the outside in balance with the greatest ability to capture natural light for the user. The geometric design of the building avoid the complex shapes, or those facades not add value to the proposal

Thermal inertia: The thermal inertia of the walls plays a vital role in energy proposal made by the system of active structure. Thermal inertia is achieved in the proposed structure with mass concrete and the inner sheet of the envelope by thermal clay 29cm. This strategy generates an envelope, in contact with the environment, with high thermal inertia, both vertical and horizontal partitions.

− Windows:

The percentage of holes in the façade and its orientation are designed according to the lighting needs of each of the spaces. It is made according to the boundary conditions established at the beginning.

- North Façade: 20%

- East and West façade: 20%

- South facade: 40%

− Lighting:

Daylighting: The importance of natural lighting goes beyond energy savings. Natural lighting has the best chromatic reproduction and the optimum temperature of light. So, the glazed openings (properly protected) allow capturing as much natural light as possible. Sunscreens are responsible for avoiding direct solar incidence that may cause annoying glare or reflections.

The lighting throughout the building will be controlled by a DALI system in distributed network, using presence and natural lighting detectors, so that the building energy consumption is optimized.

− Installations:

• HVAC Systems

HVAC system based on hydraulic tubes embedded in the concrete slab [TABS].

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The air conditioning system consisting of a new HVAC system based on the combination of systems that alternate their energy consumption over time, getting curves as homogeneous as possible consumption. Among the systems available in the building stand the Ground-to- Water Thermal Exchange system connected to thermally Activated Building System [TABS] and active geothermal closed.

• Heating production systems

Among the systems available in the building stand the Ground-to- Water Thermal Exchange system connected to thermally Activated Building System [TABS] and active geothermal closed.

For the production of water-conditioning (hot and cold) are two geothermal heat pumps condensed into the ground by independent closed loops. Thus each can provide cold or hot water independently.

• Heating distribution system

The distribution system has provided by an Activated Building System loaded at night and sagging or captures energy from the environment during the day and a hair-trigger operation covering the possible oscillations through a network of inductors which in turn provide the minimum ventilation rate.

The system has enabled a network of water pipes embedded in the concrete slabs and runs sewn to the lower arm thereof. Through this pipe flowing water with a temperature between 19-23 ° C by allowing the large thermal inertia of the concrete slabs store enough to transfer her energy throughout the day. This structure is charged during the night. The water is distributed such circuits by collectors similes to under floor heating.

It is struggled ventilation load and internal variations due to small excesses of occupation by inducing air fed through roof of an air conditioner that provides the necessary air. The regulation of the inductors will be made by two-way valve in the water connection and motorized damper to be controlled by a thermostat and air quality sensor.

• Control systems:

The management and control system considered in this project is based on an Ethernet communications protocol.

For monitoring the correct operation of the equipment and facilities of the building there will be a checkpoint, based on a local computer [PC] with SCADA, wherein the operator receive all the information and can perform actions on the equipment or control loops. This will have information in real time of arising incidents and the operating regimes of the equipment and other variables of the system.

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All these tasks will be carried out by a Central PLC and a number of remote stations distributed throughout the various plants that ensure safe operation of building facilities and also control all processes quickly and effectively.

Individual control of comfort conditions in the building shall be made by CO2 probes; temperature probes and probes for manage the ventilation with three quality levels. All these signals are wired to the remote stations and are managed by the PLC, which depending on the temperature set points opens/closes the valve inductor and the air ventilation valve and by set points of CO2 opens/closes only the air ventilation valve.

The PLC manages the operation of the production of cold and heat (heat pumps, water pumps, air valves, TABS temperatures, collectors, inductors and dampers), air mining, irrigation control, load control non-priority depending on the Power Control CDP-G, outdoor weather station, air conditioners, Trombe Wall Gates, Gates of the Canadian Wells, temperature and humidity in areas Pattern and temperatures in facades and sills.

• RES integration:

Photovoltaic generation: It has been decided that in the Spanish demo site the photovoltaic modules will be installed in the roof of the building, instead of being in the façade, as it was initially assumed in the modeling of the PV system. The estimated production will be 24MWh/ year.

Wind power generation: The demo site in Zaragoza will include a small wind turbine with an estimated production of 4000 kWh/year. Since the turbine will not be situated in a favorable place, a conservative estimation of 1300 equivalent hours has been made, giving a rated power around 3 Kw.

Geothermal energy: Geothermal energy is being estimated at this moment with the use of one temperature data logger. The model chosen is an Ahlborn ALMEMO, with 4 type T temperature sensors and capable of store more than 100 k Samples.

2.2.5 Conclusions

The design of the CIRCE II headquarters accomplished the concerns and expectation coming from the stakeholders as well as the restrictions coming from the legal framework (WP1).

At national level the building has gained the A classification, maximum energy score offered by the national regulation Código Técnico de la Edificación [CTE].

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2.2.5.1 BEST updated after design

Table 7: Updated BEST-CIRCE II

Building Energy Specification Table (BEST) Community / site Aragon Zaragoza BEST no. 3

1,1 Building Category tertiary total area / category / BEST sheet [2] 2.041 m2 conditioned area[1] Office and Laboratories 2712 m2


Climatic Zone Dry continental Average global horizontal radiation kWh/m2 yr 1461(national definition) D3 Annual heating degree days [3] oCd/yr 1339





Façade/wall U W / m2K N/A 0,86 0,13 85%Roof U W / m2K N/A 0,38 0,15 60%Ground floor U W / m2K N/A 0,49 0,16 68%Glazing Ug W / m2K N/A 3,5 1,00 71%

Average U-value Uav W / m2K N/A 0,5 0,24 52%Glazing g total solar energy transmittance of glazing [%] N/A 0,75 0,40 47%Shading Fs Shading correction factor N/A 0,8 0,50 38%Ventilation rate[4] l/s,m² floor area N/A 0,83 0,23 72%



existing

suggested energy carrier specify energy efficiency measures [13]






water kWh/m2yr TABS system + Geothermal Heat pump N/A 60 4,872 92%


air kWh/m2yr TABS system + Geothermal Heat pump N/A 20 7,623 62%


electricity kWh/m2yr Heat Recovery System & Freecooling from Candian We N/A 3 2,4192 19%

Lighting

electricity kWh/m2yr Low consumption / LED with high efficient balastos N/A 10 10,059 -1%


solar electricity kWh/m2yr Solar thermal contribution of heat recovery from heat pum N/A 3,6 0,42 88%

Other energy demand

kWh/m2yr N/A N/A N/A N/A

kWh/m2yr Subtotal sum of energy demand 0 96,6 25,39 74%


electricity kWh/m2yr Computers & Lab Equipment N/A 20 20 -- 43,2 0%






normal practice


[7]


4490 N/A 3 Small wind turbine N/A 0 2,20 100%23.650 128,00 17,76 PV panels (128 m2) N/A 0 11,59 100%

N/AN/AN/A

kWh/m2yr Subtotal sum of RES contribution 0 0 13,79 100%


kWh/m2yr Subtotal sum of energy demand 0 96,6 25,39 74%kWh/m2yr Subtotal sum of RES contribution 0 0 28,95 100%

kWh/m2yr Total Building Energy Use 0 96,6 -3,6 104%

Total area constructed

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2.2.5.2 Accomplishment with national regulation (CTE)

The building meets the national requirements established by the Technical Building Code (Código Técnico de la Edificación, CTE. en su documento básico HE1.)

The tables shown below present a summary of annual energy indicators extracted from LIDER [tool for the energy rating of the building, supported by CTE]. The next table shows the energy demand, CO2 emissions as well as the total values of both final and primary energy in the building as it is supposed to perform during the building´s operation.

Table 8: Summary of annual energy indicators for CIRCE II headquarter

Energetic indicator CIRCE II Reference building

Index Energy classification (CTE)

Demand for heating [kWh/year]

5.4 15.4 0.35 A

Demand for cooling[kWh/year]

50.0 18.7 0.57 B

HVAC Emissions (kg CO2/m2)

44.0 99.5 0.44 B

DHW emissions (kg CO2/m2)

0.0 0.0 0.19 A

Lighting emissions (kg CO2/m2)

3.0 26.4 0.12 A

TOTAL emissions (kg CO2/m2)

47.1 125.9 0.37 A

Table 9: Total values for energy indicators and CO2 emissions of CIRCE II

Concept CIRCE II Reference building

Final energy (kWh/year) 178785.2 643639.9 Final energy (kWh/(m2year)) 80.4 289.4 Primary energy (kWh/year) 419971.2 1096231.0 Primary energy (kWh/(m2year))

188.8 492.9

Emissions (kg CO2/year) 104710.5 279971.2 Emissions (kg CO2/(m2year)) 47.1 125.9

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2.3 Borås and Varberg, Sweden

2.3.1 Project overview The Swedish demo consists of two pre-fabricated low-energy wooden-framed villas. One house will be used as a full-scale test lab whereas the other will be occupied by a family (expected occupancy: two adults and two children). The main concern of the stakeholders (family) is the size, floor plans and the purchase price. Current rules in Sweden about housing loans make it easier to sell smaller buildings.

Figure 8: The demo in Borås 2013-10-01

2.3.2 Planning


The clients in Sweden want to have a functional house with high thermal comfort and low energy consumption. The purchase price is also very important. A study of the most important factors to choose a new house in south west of Sweden (AzarNeisariTabrizi 2013, University of Borås)offers information gathered by paper based questionnaire from 118 possible house buyers. The answers are shown in Figure 6:

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Figure 9: Important factors to choose a house. Answer from 118 possibly house buyers in south west of Sweden (Source: A Neisari.Thesis Report 2013, University of Borås)

According with this and NEED4B Project goals, the demo houses design will be focused on new solutions for the thermal envelope. The main issue to be evaluated in the demo houses is thermal insulation, air tightness and sunshade as the thermal comfort is very important. But cost-effectiveness analysis of different strategies would be fundamental: the final design should provide cheap solutions and easy to build, in addition to their low U-values and air tight properties. The Borås demo will be certificated according to Miljöbyggnad level Gold and the house in Varberg will meet the same criteria.

2.3.2.2 Specific goals for the project design. The goals for the project design have been following:

a) Energy performance according to the BEST table and NEED4B goal

b) Thermal comfort and indoor environment according to “Miljöbyggnadguld” which is a Swedish certificate like LEED and BREAM.

c) National regulations (BBR) because the inclusion ofother factors which are not already considered by a higher requirement in NEED4B (included in the BEST table) or Miljöbyggnad such as: security, availability etc.

Series1; Design; 42; 25%

Series1; Cost; 57; 34%

Series1; Energy; 20; 12%

Series1; Comfort; 44;

26%

Series1; Other; 5; 3%

Design

Cost

Energy

Comfort

Other

Important factors for customers

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2.3.2.3 Quality Control Plan The quality control is divided in two parts. One would be performed by a third-party and the other would be carried out by the constructors. For the third-party´s control there will be regular moist´s inspection at the site. These inspections are performed by a certificated moisture expert together with the site manager. From the beginning, before the envelope was tight, and then, once a week and when the works are in progress, once a month. There is also a third-party who is the control liable at the site. He would be responsible for the whole control process, including the documentation from the constructor self-control.

To measure the air tightness in an early stage is one important check point to reach the energy and thermal comfort target.

2.3.2.4 Risk management during construction and operation There was identified an important risk of not reaching the design goals in the construction or operation process, due to bad workmanship and misunderstanding in operation. These risks were limited by control procedures and inspections and also by the possibility to extend the time plan. It is planned to prepare specific information for final users to guarantee a proper operation of the building.

2.3.2.5 Working sessions and meetings arranged with whole involved team During the design phase meetings have been arranged each month between Derome and SP. According to the request, different persons have participated. During the construction phase, meetings are arranged every month with a representative of each involved stakeholders: the builder, electrician, HVA installer…

2.3.2.6 Problems and solutions arranged in the design process At the Swedish demo sites there are very few stakeholders involved which make the design process easier. One recognized problem by them was that frequently the design goal and different requirements were forgotten and was necessary to come back to them all the time. Design team was focused on detailed solutions without having a clear view of all involved factors (global vision of the project and general objectives). Next figure shows a suggested process for the design stage, trying to avoid those problems:

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Figure 10: Suggested process about how to start thinking in the design process


The experience in the design stage have taught the importance of making clear that concerned stakeholders agree with the design target and what that means in timeor resources use.

2.3.3 Analysis of boundary conditions The national regulation BBR and the Energy and environmental certificate Miljöbyggnad level Gold criteria have set the technical boundaries of the designs. The economical boundaries were cost affordability, easy maintenance, products availability in the market and the possibility to produce at the Derome’s factory. A general issue in Sweden concerning low energy villas with little demand of heat, is the size of the heat pumps. Today there is not availability of heat pumps for this kind of house. The

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existing heat pumps are for houses with a greater need of energy. In the Borås demo an innovative heat pump especially made for villas with a low energy demand will be tested.


In Sweden there is no local or regional framework for constructions. The regulations come from The Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning – BOVERKET –central government agency. The regulation (BBR) concerns: fire safety, hygiene, health, environment, noise, safety in use and energy efficiency.

2.3.3.2 Cost effectiveness [input task 2.4] The most cost effective solutionsas they have been evaluated in task 2.4 concerning heat pump, PV, ventilation etc has been adopted for the demo. For the Swedish demos the reference building is one which fulfills the regulations in BBR but with no additional achievements or best practices inclusion. BBR gives the lowest level.


The issues analyzed are the following:

2.3.4.1 Conceptual design analysis The conceptual design of the Borås demo accomplishes both the requirements of the project and is adequate to the boundary conditions. The buildings purpose is a full scale testing house with very low energy demand. The same will be for the Verberg demo but in that case the purpose is to become into a case study for low energy villas requirements.

2.3.4.2 Analysis of building materials and equipment [input task 2.4] The simplified LCA and LCC performed in the NEED4B project showed that mineral wool was the best alternative for insulation material. In this case the insulation material was the only material to change. The most cost effective solutionsanalyzed in task 2.4 concerning heat pumps, PV, ventilation, etc. have been adopted to the demo.

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a) Summer design features:

Solar control glass is used to prevent over heating during summer. The roof windows and the upper windows in the winter garden have an automatic opening system for the same reason.

b) Winter design features:

Insulation and windows with low U-values is used to prevent heat loss.

c) General strategies:

• Thermal insulation and windows: The building will have an average U-value of 0.17 W/m2K including thermal bridges.

• Thermal mass: There is no thermal mass in the building except for the ground slab.

• Lightning: Daylight through windows and energy savings lamps.

• Installations: A ground heat pump, heat recovery on the exhaust air and PV-panels will reduce the need of bought energy.

• Control systems: At the Borås demo there is a control system for openings of windows. In Varberg there will probably be no automatic control system.

• RES integration: There is 25 m2 PV-panels on the roof.

2.3.5 Conclusions The design complies with the legal framework requirements (BBR, chapter 9) and the one set up in NEED4B.

The calculation of specific energy for a house with a ground source heat pump and FTX ventilation has been made by an energy simulation.

The calculation refers to: NEED4B Demo in Borås: Climate zone: III

To meet the requirements Building Regulations imposes on energy use, in accordance with Section 9in BBR19 (BFS 2011:6-26 ), has been designing and calculating the following public input was used to represent "normal use":

- Indoor temperature;21° C , during the heating season - Domestic hot water use;14m3/person and year ( 60 ° C) - Individual heat ;80W / person, attendance 14 h / day 1

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For the current house has further following specific inputs used: - Number of persons;4 st - Electricity ;3865 kWh / year 2 - Average annual temperature , out ;7.0 ° C - Heated floor area ;155 m2 - Funds flow ;54.1 l / s Furthermore, the manufacturer data for the following installations have been used:

- Ground heat pump; IVT HE6 - Exhaust fan / unit type ; Systemair SAVE VTC 300 - Cooker hood fan / hood type ; Franke Future FL200 The calculation gave the following results: - Total delivered / purchased electricity; 4266 kWh / year - Energy; 2651 kWh / year - Specific energy ; 17 kWh/m2 per year - Requirement level according BBR19 (BFS 2011:6-26 ); 55 kWh/m2 per year


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Table 10: Updated BEST- demonstrator building in Sweden

Building Energy Specification Table (BEST) Community / site Boras/Varberg SWEDEN BEST no.

1,1 Building Category total area / category / BEST sheet [2] 183 m2

[1] FAMILY HOUSE

1,2 Local Climate January average outside temperature oC -2August average outside temperature oC 16

Climatic Zone Sweden west coast Average global horizontal radiation kWh/m2 yr 923(national definition) Zone III Annual heating degree days [3] oCd/yr 3200





Façade/wall U W / m2K NA 0,10 0,100 0,00Roof U W / m2K NA 0,08 0,080 0,00Ground floor U W / m2K NA 0,10 0,090 10,00Glazing Ug W / m2K NA 1,10 0,800 27,27

Average U-value Uav W / m2K NA 0,40 0,170 57,50Glazing g total solar energy transmittance of glazing NA NA NAShading Fs Shading correction factor NA NA NAVentilation rate[4] air changes/hr NA 0,35 0,350 0,00



existing








hydronic kWh/m2yr Ground source heat pump + fan and pump NA 102 30,6 70,00


kWh/m2yr NA


kWh/m2yr NA

Lighting

electricity kWh/m2yr LED, CFL NA 4 2,8 30,00


hydronic kWh/m2yr NA 25 18,5 26,00

Other energy demand

electricity kWh/m2yr NA

kWh/m2yr Subtotal sum of energy demand 0 131 51,9 60,38


electricity kWh/m2yr houshold electricity NA (18-38) 21,1 44%






normal practice


[7]


2340 25 3 fotovoltaics NA 0 16,40 1001260 9 solar heat NA 0 0,00 1005657 NA NA heat from ground loop NA 0 30,9 100

kWh/m2yr Subtotal sum of RES contribution 0 0 47,30 100


kWh/m2yr Subtotal sum of energy demand 0 131 51,9 60,38kWh/m2yr Subtotal sum of RES contribution 0 0 47,30 100

kWh/m2yr Total Building Energy Use 0 131 4,60 96,49

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2.4 Istanbul, Turkey

2.4.1 Project overview

ScOLa (School of Languages) Building is a part of a master plan of the Özyeğin University and is located at the center of the campus just besides the Student Center. The building will serve to a total of 1460 students, 128 instructors and 10 managers and has a total enclosed area of 17,756 m². As the user capacity of the building is very high, there are three entrances to the building: one from the campus center, another from the campus valley facing the student dormitories and a third one facing the cafeteria at the Student Center.

The building consists of 66 classrooms for 20 people, 4 lecture rooms for 56 people, 2 lecture rooms for 90 people, 3 seminar rooms, 25 study rooms, 54 offices, cafeterias, toilets, hallways and various service rooms. All classes are to be used between 08:00 to 17:00 five days a week, accept summer months and all instructor offices are to be used between 08:00 to 18:00 according to schedule of instructors.

For a complete and detailed list of materials, properties and U-Values please refer to Deliverable D3.1.

Figure 11: ScOLa (School of Languages) Building

2.4.2 Planning


As Çekmeköy, in İstanbul Municipality, does not promote any generic codes on about energy efficient buildings, it follows regulations, directives and codes implemented by the Ministry of Environment and Urban Development. Since the demonstration building is an educational building, the requirements of the municipality are less, compared to any residential building. As a result, the FAR (floor area ratio) is 1 and once the preliminary projects are submitted to the Greater Municipality of İstanbul and are approved, they are also automatically approved by the Çekmeköy, İstanbul Municipality. Besides, many of the flexibilities the National Energy

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Performance Certificate has to be submitted to the Municipality in order to get the occupancy certificate.

From the beginning, the preliminary expectations of the stakeholders are cost affordability, easy maintenance, availability of the selected products in the market and smooth construction facilities.

2.4.2.2 Specific goals for the project design.

• Building energy performance targets are:

Heating+ventilation: 17 kWh/m²yr

Cooling+ventilation: 22 kWh/m²yr

Lighting: 7 kWh/m²yr

When the performance targets have been estimated, the objective temperature for heating has been calculated as 22ºC and the objective temperature for cooling as 24ºC. Parameters of infiltration and number of air changes per hour [ACH] used in the simulations are between 6 and 8. The internal loads [or thermal gains] used in the simulations are 0,4 person/m² for classes, 1 person/m² for lecture hall, 0,2 person/m² for offices, 0,5 person/m² for cafeteria and 150 watt/piece for computers, 10 watt/m² for lighting in classes and 8 watt/m² for lighting in corridors.

• The lighting system in the NEED4B Turkish demonstration site, the SELI Building, will be totally automated which enables almost %35 energy saving for lighting system. Different sizes of LED armatures and T5 armatures have been designed according to the application area. The most common armature type is Square LED Armature with 40W power. The energy density of the lighting system for each floor changes between 3,3 – 5,8 W/m2 . The installed capacity is 79 kW and yearly lighting power is 152.208 kWh. The consumption density of the lighting system is 9,4 kWh/m2 without automation and 6,1 kWh/m2 with DALI automation. The overall lighting system consumption can be covered by the 120kWp PV system on the rooftop of the building which means all lighting system is going to be substantiated by sun. Additionally, utmost importance has been given to maximum usage of daylight.

• RES contribution is targeted to be 5,71 kWh/m²yr by the installation of 504 pieces Yingli Solar YL250P-29bpoly c-Si modules and 6 pieces of RefuSol 20K inverters with the capacity of 126kWp.126 kWp capacity means almost 160.000 kWh energy production, total lighting consumption of the Scola and 68.8 tonnes/a carbon saving.

• A horizontal air-ground heat exchanger system is going to be installed on the eastern side of the building with 72m length and 10m width plan projection, covering an area of 720 m2 with approximately 1,5m depth. The sizes of the pipes used in this system are going to vary as DN 630, DN250 andDN 200. The size of the suction pipe is going to be DN 630.

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The air-ground heat exchanger system is being used to reduce the cooling and heating need of the basement floor in SCOLA Building, where there are no direct windows to exterior. The heat gain of the system which has a 5000 m3/h air flow capacity is expected to be 24kW/h for summer and 60 kW/h for winter;resulting in approximately 4125 kg/a CO2 saving with almost 4000 hours in operation. The CO2 saving for heating is expected to be 4343,21 kg/a, whereas for cooling this figure shall be 3052,00 kg/a.The ROI for the whole system has been estimated as around 12 years.

• A Building Energy Dashboard will be designed, which is going to be the social network for buildings of the campus; enabling, engaging and energizing building occupants to save energy. This dashboard will make real time energy flow visible, accessible and engaging so that building occupants get the data visualization tools to manage and reduce their energy consumption. It will provide real-time feedback to teach, inspire behavioral change and save energy resources in ScOLa and other buildings.

• Economical target is to keep the construction cost around the price range submitted by the Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning for the university campuses in Turkey as of 24 April 2013 at the Official Gazette issue no: 28627 as 1040 TL/m² equaling to 385 €/m². An annual saving of approximately100.000€ from the energy bill is expected, when the energy uses are compared with the other buildings in the campus (The conversion rate of TL/€ is dated as 20.11.2013).

2.4.2.3 Quality Control Plan

The compatibility of the design projects and the implementation and the compatibility of the works in terms of artistic and technical aspects are to be followed through a quality control architect, an architect, a mechanical engineer, an electrical engineer and a construction engineer.

2.4.2.4 Risk management during construction and operation

The necessary precautions against material loss and human factor are implemented as stated in the regulations and the law. A quality control architect and a health and safety specialist are to be appointed by Özyeğin University. In terms of financial assurance the university has to employ the necessary personnel.

2.4.2.5 Working sessions and meetings arranged with whole involved team

During the design phase meetings have been arranged according to the request of different stakeholders. Some meetings have been held by participation of many stakeholders and some meetings have been held by participation of fewer stakeholders depending on the topic ( technical meetings, plumming meeting etc.).

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During the construction phase meetings are to be arranged on a weekly basis or whenever necessary. This is a more result oriented flexible approach, due to the speed of the construction. The decisions taken are to be distributed to the relevant stakeholders via e-mail.

During the operation phase an energy manager is to make the necessary arrangements for meetings in order to keep up all stakeholders updated.

2.4.2.6 Problems and solutions arranged in the design process

The SCOLA Building is part of the master plan of the Özyeğin University Campus. Due to this fact the project had to be modified in line with the juxtaposing buildings and the buildings in the vicinity. The functions list was established during the 1/200 shop drawings at the same time with the Management Building.

As the Management Building and the Sports Hall were already constructed before the SCOLA Building’s detailed drawings began and as there is a natural valley trespassing from the middle of the campus, the orientation of the building was almost fixed. So, the decisions to be taken for the NEED4B compatibility were mainly on the design of the facade rather than on alternatives on orientation of the masses.

During the preparations of the 1/50 shop drawings, the university management decided to open the Law Faculty and the Law Building was taken to the agenda. According to the master plan of the university and the layout of the site, it was decided that the Law Building would also juxtapose with the SCOLA Building. Due to the steepness structure of the site, an extra 3 storey had to be added at the North section of the SCOLA Building, until the solid ground level was reached. This was also compulsory for the earthquake regulations. The lower levels were decided to be used as the enclosed car park of the Law Building.

During the preparation of 1/50 shop drawings, the university management requested a 400 people capacity auditorium at the West side of the SCOLA Building. As the excavation of this auditorium would affect the present SCOLA construction, the bored pile projects were revised, in order to stabilize the present construction.

Again during the preparation of 1/50 shop drawings, the university management requested larger classrooms and also extendible classrooms. The requests for the extendible classrooms was fulfilled by introducing timber movable panels. In order to obtain larger classrooms, two classrooms each with the capacity of 80 people were joined.

Another request during the preparation of 1/50 shop drawings was that a cafeteria area would be included at the lounge at the +121 level. By modifying the mechanical and electrical projects, this request was also fulfilled.

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The university management continuously revised the area, where the air-ground earth tube was placed. So, at the end an even landscape to the natural slope was agreed upon, instead of the terraced landscape.

At the beginning, it was intended that the facade of the SCOLA Building would be similar to the facade of the juxtaposing Management Building. After various simulations on the facade were carried out, the university management requested to modify the facade of the building. Mock-ups were installed at the construction and final decision was taken by the stakeholders.


Stakeholders with different motivations, backgrounds and targets shall not have the same expectations from the outcomes of a project and that’s why openness, transparency, flexibility and continuous dialogue are key factors in order to achieve success in this project.


The national assessment technology BEP-TR, the Energy Performance Certificate and LEED Gold criteria have set the technical boundaries of the designs.

The economical boundaries were cost affordability, easy maintenance, products availability in the market and smooth construction facilities. The pressure for opening the building one year earlier than planned, resulted in achieving the most optimum solution in the shortest time.

There are no specific social boundaries to express. There is an interest in the energy efficient buildings, but no real tendency to use them, yet.

2.4.3.1 Legal frameworkand construction standards

Çekmeköy, in İstanbul Municipality, follows the regulations, directives and codes implemented by the Ministry of Environment and Urban Development. The most important directive is EPBD Directive 2002/91/CE (recast by the Directive 2010/31/UE) establishes requirements concerning the general framework for a methodology of calculation of the integrated energy performance of buildings, with the minimum requirements for energy efficiency and the energy certification of buildings. Its transposition in Turkey is carried out through the final decree named “Energy Efficiency Strategy Certificate 2012 - 2023”, dated 20.02.2012 and issued by Supreme Planning Council of Turkey.

The other regulations and codes implemented by Çekmeköy, İstanbul Municipality besides energy efficiency are set in the 1/1000 Çekmeköy, İstanbul, Alemdağ revised Urban Plan Notes. In these notes, many restrictions are implemented for planning of residential buildings in terms of height, size, setback distances, etc. For tertiary buildings, different adjustments are implemented for planning and as the demonstration building is an educational building, the

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preliminary projects to the Greater Municipality of İstanbul are submitted for approval and once approved, they are automatically approved by the Çekmeköy, İstanbul Municipality. The FAR (floor area ratio) is 1 for educational buildings.

2.4.3.2 Cost effectiveness [input task 2.4]

The main recommendations of Task 2.4 have been implemented partially. The usage of earth tubes, PV panels, low-E glasses and solar shading devices has been promoted in order to reduce primary energy demand.

In the table down below the energy bills of the whole campus and the engineering building have been included, among which the engineering building is referred to as the reference building. ScOLa before NEED4B is based on the energy bills of the reference building. ScOLa after NEED4B is based on the assumptions in alliance with the NEED4B methodology.

The most important derivation of this table is that as of December 2013 annual saving of €100,000 on energy bills is expected

Table 11: Energy bills of SCOLA Building before and after NEED4B

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2.4.4.1 Conceptual design analysis

The conceptual design of the building accomplishes both the requirements of the project and is adequate to the boundary conditions. The main reason in this achievement is that the building is an educational building and especially the legal boundaries in Turkey are more flexible for this typology compared to residential and office buildings. Also, as Turkey is a candidate member to the EU, the technical boundaries are already in line with the EU regulations. The stakeholders were from the beginning very interested in developing an energy efficient building, so the conceptual design has been preserved at utmost level during the implementation phase.

2.4.4.2 Analysis of building materials and equipment [input task 2.4]

In the scope of the NEED4B project, it has been commonly decided to use two significant segments of a building LCA, the materials and waste. For the inventory of materials a different approach was used in Turkey (US masterformat CSI building code system) and this approach is being adapted to the NEED4B project approach. Overall, it can be clearly stated that derived from the fact that there is a significant decrease in energy consumption due to the photovoltaic panel use and application of the earth tube system. This difference in energy efficiency has a direct positive effect on the reductions of carbon emissions from the SCOLA building.

During the LCA analysis, it was observed that the energy demand during the production and use phases of materials is much higher than that of waste. On the other hand there is no direct correlation between the LCA and LCC of materials and waste.


Internal Air Quality Targets:

- As the classrooms are naturally ventilated, enclosed spaces like corridors are being considered for the pollutant concentration.

Internal Thermal Quality Targets:

- In all conditioned spaces air temperature parameter is considered.

- The relative humidity is considered in all spaces as 50%.

- All spaces are considered as office spaces and sensible heat is targeted as 71 Watt/person and latent heat as 60 Watt/person.

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Internal Light Quality Targets:

- In order to get the best result for luminance distribution, all spaces have been simulated by Dialux software in 3D, which has enabled the team with average luminance, glare factor calculations.

- All appliances in classrooms, offices and meeting rooms have been selected according to Color Render Index.

- In all classrooms and meeting rooms, when selecting the emergency lighting, same color has been selected, in order to overcome any possible panic situation.

- Suitable amount of daylight sensors have been located in all levels and directions, connecting to lighting automation system. According to the information provided from the sensors, lighting shall be provided.

- Except all the decorative appliances diffused glass and lens are being used, in order to conceal the light source.

- By using automation and intelligent software in all classrooms’ appliances, glare control is being obtained via dynamic control. Furthermore, light pollution is being minimized in this way.

Internal Sound Quality Targets:

- The parameters provided by the acoustics consultant have been used during selection of the materials.

- The mechanical designers and the acoustics consultant are working in collaboration for selection of the most optimum material, its width and density.

- Sound absorptive suspended ceiling is being used by leaving necessary width of air gap.

- The fan coils beneath the suspended ceiling are being selected so that they produce least sound.

- Sound absorptive decorative wall panels have been used in the classrooms.


a) Summer design features:

Utilization of window shades to reduce solar radiation and reduce thermal discomfort due to overheating.

b) Winter design features:

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Utilization of high performance windows and reduce thermal discomfort due to overcooling.

c) General strategies:

- Thermal insulation:

Elements Value Demo building Regulation Savings

Facade/wall U (W/m2K) 0,299 0,60 0,301

1) Cover/Roof U (W/m2K) 0,265 0,40 0,135

2) Ground floor U (W/m2K) 0,568 0,60 0,032

3) Glazing Ug (W/m2K) 1,3 2,4 1,1

- Windows: Low-e glasses with insulated aluminum frames are being used at west, east and south facades and regular double glazing at north facade with insulated aluminum frames.

- Thermal mass: Reinforced concrete frame construction method has been used for the main structure. BIMS (pumice concrete) have been used at the exterior walls and for the separation of the classrooms. Gypsum boards have been used for separation of the office spaces. EPS has been selected for insulation, due to quick application compared to rock wool. Plaster and paint have been applied on the EPS.

- Lighting: The lighting system in ScOLa building is totally automated which enables almost %35 energy saving for lighting system. Different sizes of LED armatures and T5 armatures have been designed according to the application area. The most common armature type is Square LED Armature with 40W power. The energy density of the lighting system for each floor changes between 3,3 – 5,8 W/m2 . The installed capacity is 79 kW and yearly lighting power is 152.208 kWh. The consumption density of the lighting system is 9,4 kWh/m² without automation and 6,1 kWh/m² with DALI automation. The overall lighting system consumption can be covered by the 120kWp PV system on the rooftop of the building which means all lighting system is going to be substantiated by sun.

- Installations: Earth tubes are being used for partial cooling /heating of the facility ventilation air. The system installation area is approximately 720 m² and the depth 1,5m with horizontal pipes.

Supply air is provided by natural ventilation in ScOLa Building. In order to provide acceptable indoor air quality (ASHRAE) mechanical exhaust system supports the system.

A 4-pipe system having fan coil units with separate heating and cooling coils, as well as

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separate pairs of heating and cooling pipes, is being used. At this system hot water or chilled water is always available. The system is able to instantly switch from the heating mode to the cooling mode, or vice versa, and can provide heating to some rooms while simultaneously providing cooling to other rooms, making the system very flexible.

In the areas where it is not possible to provide natural ventilation, AHU with highly efficient thermal wheel heat recovery device is being used in SCOLA Building. In this device thermal wheels can recover about 85% of heat from ventilation air, transferring it to incoming fresh air, which then requires minimal additional heating to reach the required temperature for the building.

Mechanical automation system, lighting automation system and energy metersare being usedin order to achieve energy savings within the building by following systems in real-time, getting alarms and reports so that the building performance can be maximized.

- Control systems: 2 way control valves, thermostats and CO2 sensors are being used to control and regulate heating or cooling surfaces and to improve the indoor air quality in SELI building.

- RES integration: The whole roof of the SCOLA Building has been used for the installation of approximately 126 kWp photovoltaic system; only a small area has been dedicated to the AHUs. The total building lighting system consumption is being covered by the PV system placed on the roof. Due to the efficiency rates, Poly c-Si modules are being used.

- With the green building concept of the campus the grid electricity is generated from the wind energy plants of FINA Energy Co.

2.4.5 Conclusions

The design complies with the legal framework requirements and the expectations of the stakeholders.

After the simulations were carried out, the shading devices have been redesigned. The preliminary idea of using the shading devices at all the facades to all the openings has been modified to the facades and openings receiving solar radiation during times of classrooms occupation. These studies resulted in a 30% reduction on the usage of the shading devices and enabling the building to be more cost effective.


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Table 12: Updated BEST-SCOLA Building

Building Energy Specification Table (BEST) Community / site İSTANBUL TURKEY BEST no. 5

1,1 Building Category total area / category / BEST sheet [2] 17.715 m2

[1] UNIVERSITY ACADEMIC BUILDING


Climatic Zone İSTANBUL / TURKEY Average global horizontal radiation kWh/m2 yr 1365(national definition) 2ND ZONE (TS EN 825 TURKISH) Annual heating degree days [3] oCd/yr 1610





Façade/wall U W / m2K NA 0,60 0,271 54,83Roof U W / m2K NA 0,40 0,248 38,00Ground floor U W / m2K NA 0,60 0,568 5,33Glazing Ug W / m2K NA 2,40 1,300 45,83

Average U-value Uav W / m2K NA NA NA NAGlazing g total solar energy transmittance of glazing NA 0,60 0,400 33,33Shading Fs Shading correction factor NA 0,50 0,330 34,00Ventilation rate[4] air changes/hr NA 1,00 0,200 80,00



existing








kWh/m2yr earth tubes, natural ventilation NA 78 17 78,21


kWh/m2yr earth tubes, natural ventilation NA 105 22 79,05


kWh/m2yr NA 0,00

Lighting

electricity kWh/m2yr high efficency fixtures, automation+sensors NA 20 7 65,00


kWh/m2yr

Other energy demand

kWh/m2yr NA

kWh/m2yr Subtotal sum of energy demand 0 203 46 77,34


electricity kWh/m2yr class A equipments and appliances NA NA 25






normal practice


[7]


153000 880 120 fotovoltaics NA 0 5,71 100 NA

kWh/m2yr Subtotal sum of RES contribution 0 0 5,71 100


kWh/m2yr Subtotal sum of energy demand 0 203 46 77,34kWh/m2yr Subtotal sum of RES contribution 0 0 5,71 100

kWh/m2yr Total Building Energy Use 0 203 40,29 80,15

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3. CONCLUSIONS

The detailed design process showed in this deliverable is based on the design methodology developed in task 3.1. But the general results detailed in this report are derived from deliverable 4.1. Thus, for having a complete view of the overall design process, a review of the D3.1 and D4.1 is advised.

All demo sites have successfully completed the design phase. This may be assured by means of assessing objectively with the results obtained so far, indicating that NEED4B project's goal to this stage is met, as well as the boundary conditions set for each demo site.

In Section 2 of this document, detailed design process description, it is presented the methodology that each demo team has followed to reach the NEED4b goal. This is ensuring primary energy consumption less than 60 Kwh/m2/year.

In addition to the energy efficiency targets, each demo site must meet a number of objectives set out in WP1 and WP2, which have not been particularized in this report, but being an essential part of the design process has been presented in section 2 according to their relevance within it. However, section 2 of deliverable 4.1 summarizes these targets.

Thus, in section 2 has been presented the qualitative assessment of the results while the quantitative evaluation is done by updating the Building Energy Specification Tables (BEST). This exercise allows objectively compare the results achieved for the final design likened to targets established at the beginning of the project.

Consequently, as it can be seen later in section 3.1, all buildings presented in this report have a primary energy demand less than the goal set in the project. These results are being summarized in the table below:

Table 13: Summary of energy targets [BEST] reached by each demo site ENERGY TARGETS BELGIUM SPAIN SWEDEN TURKEY

FINAL DESIGN FINAL DESIGN

FINAL DESIGN

FINAL DESIGN House

Masnuy Apart Center

Apart NW

Apart SE

Heating+Ventilation(kWh/m2yr) 14 15 20 15 4) 4,872+ 30,6 17 Cooling+Ventilation (kWh/m2yr) NA NA NA NA 7,623+ NA 22

Ventilation (kWh/m2yr), 2 2 2 2 5) 2,4192 NA NA

Lighting (kWh/m2yr) 4 5 5 5 6) 10,059 2,8 7 DHW (kWh/m2yr) 22 22 24 22 0,42 18,5 NA

RES contribution per m2 (kWh/m2yr)

42 11 11 11 2,20 11,59

16,40 30,90

: 5,71

Subtotal sum of energy demand (kWh/m2yr)

7) 42 8) 44

9) 51

10) 44

11) 29.39 12) 51,9 13) 46

Subtotal sum of RES contribution (kWh/m2yr)

42 11 11 11 28.95 47,30 5,71

Total building energy use (kWh/m2yr)

14) 0 15) 33

16) 40

17) 33

18) -3.60 19) 4,60 20) 40,29

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The objectives are achieved through the implementation of different technological strategies both active and passive. All strategies had a vision to ensure energy efficiency in buildings and comfort conditions inside them. As it is presented in Deliverable 3.1 “The essence of the passive energy design is a robust approach to passive solar design as well as to take advantage of the surrounding environment to ensure the indoor environmental quality parameters, such as thermal comfort, air quality, noise and lighting levels minimizing the requirement for heating, cooling and lighting around the year.” In this sense, the main passive strategies considered were as follows:

− Good orientation of the building for solar access and cooling breezes.

− Positioning correctly the spaces inside the building [according of its activities].

− Thermal insulation of the ceiling, walls, floor, windows, the main entrance and exit doors.

− Avoid thermal bridges and infiltrations.

− Thermal mass for temperature smoothing.

− Careful placement of shading devices and wide openings for summertime.

− Take advantage of the energy sources from the site.

− Careful selection of the materials, attending to energy properties and economic feasibility.

On the other hand, it has been selected the most suitable ICTs technologies [BMS] for both the comfort scenarios and for energy management of the buildings.

Regarding the integration of renewable energy, all demo sites will use more than one type of energy, as it is shown in the table below:

Table 14: Summary of RES integration for each demo building

Renewable Energy System BELGIUM SPAIN SWEDEN TURKEY 1 PV X X X X 2 Solar thermal X - 3 Wind power X - X* 4 Geothermal - X - 5 Aero geothermal - GSHP GSHP EAHX 6 Aero thermal X X X

*Usage of grid electricity generated from the wind energy plants of FINA

Finally in section 3.2 it is summarized all the technologies considered by each demonstration side.

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3.1 Accomplishment of the energy targets specified in the DOW

This section specifies the accomplishment of the energy targets to be found in the Description Of Work. It is shown the comparison of the U values of buildings elements, the energy demand per use, RES contributions and total energy use calculated for the final design of each demonstration building.

Table 15: Comparison BEST data for each demo site

# ENERGY TARGETS BELGIUM SPAIN SWEDEN TURKEY DOW FINAL

DESIGN DOW FINAL DESIGN DOW FINAL DESIGN DOW FINAL DESIGN

Spec

ifica

tion

of b

uild

ing

elem

ents

1 Façade/wall > Maximum U value (W/m²K)

0.15 0.15 0,38 0,13 0,100 0,100 0,271 0,271

2 Roof > Maximum U value (W/m²K)

0.15 0.15 0,21 21) 0,15 0,08 0,08 0,248 0,248

3 Ground floor > Maximum U value (W/m²K)

0.15 0.15 0,42 22) 0,16 0,09 0,09 0,568 0,568

4 Glazing > Maximum Ug value (W/m²K)

0.85 0.85 2 23) 1 0,800 0,800 1,3 1,3

5 Average Uav value (W/m2K) 0.65 0.65 0,42 24) 0,24 0,170 0,170 NA NA

6 Total solar energy transmittance of glazing g (%)

0.4 to 0.6 0.5 0,65 25) 0,40 NA NA 0,400 0,400

7 Shading correction factor Fs NA NA 0,5 26) 0,50 NA NA 0,330 0,330

Ventilation rate (l/s, m² floor area)

0.2 to 0.39 0.2 0,73 27) 0,23 0,350 0,350 0,200 0,200

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# ENERGY TARGETS BELGIUM* SPAIN SWEDEN TURKEY DOW FINAL DESIGN DOW FINAL DESIGN DOW FINAL DESIGN DOW FINAL DESIGN 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Ener

gy d

eman

d pe

r use

type

8 Energy demand per Heating+Ventilation (kWh/m²yr), specifying energy efficiency measures

14 15 20 15 14 15 20 15 28) 15 29) 4,872+ 30) 30,6 31) 30,6 32) 17 33) 17

Air source heat pump + heat recovery venti.

Air source heat pump + heat recovery venti.

Radiant floor to Trigeneration System

TABS system + Geothermal Heat pump

Ground source heat pump + fan and pump

Ground source heat pump + fan and pump

Earth tubes, natural ventilation


9 Energy demand per Cooling+Ventilation (kWh/m²yr), specifying energy efficiency measures

NA NA 10 7,623+ N/A N/A 22 34) 22 Absortion cycle

combined with fresh floor & ventilation

TABS system + Geothermal Heat pump



10 Energy demand per Ventilation (kWh/m²yr), specifying energy efficiency measures

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 6 35) 2,4192 N/A N/A N/A N/A

Double flux ventilation with heat recovery

Double flux ventilation with heat recovery

Heat recovery system &freecooling

Heat Recovery System &Freecooling from Canadian Wells

11 Energy demand per Lighting (kWh/m²yr), specifying energy efficiency measures

4 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 8 36) 10,059 2,8 2,8 37) 7 38) 7

LED LED Low consumption Low consumption / LED with high efficient balastos

LED, CFL LED, CFL High efficency fixtures, automation+sensors

High efficency fixtures, automation+sensors

12 Energy demand per Domestic Hot Water (kWh/m²yr), specifying energy efficiency measures

22 22 24 22 22 22 24 22 3.6 0,42 18,5 18,5 N/A N/A

Air source heat pump

Air source heat pump

Trigeneration Solar thermal contribution of heat recovery from heat pump

13 Other energy demand 5 15 15 15 5 15 15 15 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

RES

I

14 RES contribution per m² of total used conditioned area (kWh/m²yr)

Photovoltaic: Photovoltaic: Trigeneration:18.8

Small wind turbine: 2,20

Photovoltaic: 16,40 Heat from ground loop: 30,90

Photovoltaic: 16,40 Heat from ground loop: 30,90

Photovoltaic: 5,71

Photovoltaic: 5,71

42 11 11 11 42 11 11 11 PV panels: 3.0 PV panels (128 m2): 11,59

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# ENERGY TARGETS BELGIUM SPAIN SWEDEN TURKEY DOW FINAL DESIGN DOW FINAL DESIGN DOW FINAL DESIGN DOW FINAL DESIGN 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Build

ing

Ener

gy U

se 39)

Subtotal sum of energy demand (kWh/m²yr)

40)

41) 42)

43)

44)

45)

46)

47)

48) 42.6 49) 29.39 50) 51,9 51) 51,9 52) 46 53) 46

54) Subtotal sum of RES contribution (kWh/m2yr)

42 11 11 11 42 11 11 11 21.8 28.95 47,30 47,30 5,71 5,71

55) Total building energy use (kWh/m²yr)

56) 57) 58)

59)

60) 61)

62)

63)

64) 20.8 65) -3.60 66) 4,60 67) 4,60 68) 40,29 69) 40,29

*In the Belgian case the numbering refers to:

1 House Masnuy 2 Apartment Center 3 Apartment North West 4 Apartment South East

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3.2 Summary of final technologies and solutions considered within each demo site supporting NEED4B goal

The tables below shows a summary of the technologies finally selected for each demonstration site. It is shown the updated technical data coming from the DOW.

3.2.1 Demo site 1: Belgium Table 16: Technical data of demo site 1

Technical data DEMO SITE 1

FINAL TECHNOLOGIES AND SOLUTIONS CONSIDERED WITHIN BELGIAN PROJECT SUPPORTING NEED4B GOAL

Insulation

The insulation has been chosen in order to clearly reach the objective of 60 The final technologies adopted for the insulation of the buildings are presented hereafter:

1. The building Envelope U value are the following ones: - Façade: 0.085 (W/m2K) - Roof: 0.09 (W/m2K) - Ground Floor: 0.09 (W/m2K)

2. For the façade, the materials that will be used are the following ones: Porotherm Powerbrick 20 (Clay), 34 cm of Expandable Polystyrene (EPS) and Cement Mortar.

3. Ground: Cement mortar tiles 1cm, armed light concrete 6 cm, spray foam insulation polyurethane 15 cm, armed concrete 20cm and sand 20 cm.

4. For the roof, there are still two options: - Type 1: roof tiles in clay, wood structure and insulation of cellulose 30cm. - Type 2: EPDM rubber, spray foam insulation polyurethane 20cm, extruded polystyrene EPS 15 cm and concrete 15 cm.

Windows Double or triple glazing will be considered with and Ug<0.75 W/m2K.

Heating production

Heat pumps will be installed in order to produce heating.

Heating distribution

Air to air source heat pumps will be used. They will be installed near the living room with only one distribution point for the whole house.

Ventilation Fan coils will be used with continuous current and heat exchanger with 90 to 95 % efficiency. One ventilation will be used by housing.

ICT – energy management (incl. smart meters)

Energy Meters connected to the internet are preferred in order to access and download the data. Programmable thermostats will be included in the housing units. For monitoring the temperature and relative humidity, ZigBee wireless radios are connected to microcontrollers that read the sensors. The air temperatureand relative humidity data is then transmitted to an Ethernet station to have internet access.

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Lighting All buildings will be equipped with low energy light systems. All systems will be in class A and LED will be used in all possible places.

Sanitary hot water

Heat pumps will also cover the Sanitary hot water production.

Renewable Energy Source

1. Photovoltaic panels will be installed on the roofs.

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3.2.2 Demo site 3: Spain Table 17: Technical data of demo site 3


FINAL TECHNOLOGIES AND SOLUTIONS CONSIDERED WITHIN SPANISH PROJECT SUPPORTING NEED4B GOAL

Insulation

70) Façade U value= 0.13 W/m2K [85% less than regulations] Roof U value= 0,15 W/m2K [60% less than regulations] Slabs U value= 3.33 Slab on ground U value= 0.16 [68% less than regulations]

Windows

Double glazed with a U value 1 W/m2K [71% less than regulations]

Fs value will be 0,50 [38% less than regulations]

g value will be 0.4 [47% less than regulations]

Heating production

Among the systems available in the building stand the Ground-to- Water Thermal Exchange system connected to thermally Activated Building System [TABS] and active geothermal closed.

For the production of water-conditioning (hot and cold) are two geothermal heat pumps condensed into the ground by independent closed loops. Thus each can provide cold or hot water independently.

Heat pump: to provide 25kw of heating power and 20kw of cooling power.


HVAC system based on hydraulic tubes embedded in the concrete slab [TABS].

The distribution system has provided by an Activated Building System loaded at night and sagging or captures energy from the environment during the day and a hair-trigger operation covering the possible oscillations through a network of inductors which in turn provide the minimum ventilation rate.

The system has enabled a network of water pipes embedded in the concrete slabs and runs sewn to the lower arm thereof. Through this pipe flowing water with a temperature between 19-23 ° C by allowing the large thermal inertia of the concrete slabs store enough to transfer her energy throughout the day. This structure is loaded during the night. The water is distributed such circuits by collectors similes to under floor heating.

It is struggled ventilation load and internal variations due to small excesses of occupation by inducing air fed through roof of an air conditioner that provides the necessary air. The regulation of the inductors will be made by two-way valve in the water connection and motorized damper to be controlled by a thermostat and air quality sensor.

Ventilation

Air Ventilation with Free Cooling: Air-conditioner units wills count on heat-exchangers to save the energy from the air that will be retrieved from the building. Additionally there will be two sub-systems to heat or cool the air before reaching the air-conditioner units: Canadian wells and Trombe wall. They will help to put the outside air closer to

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the comfort temperature before reaching the air-conditioner units keeping to a minimum use the heating and cooling batteries.


Measurement equipment will be installed to monitor the consumption of the different subsystems (HVAC, lighting, lifts, water pumps...) independently and renewable energies production. A SCADA system will be developed to collect all the measurements and enable users’ interaction with the energy resources (wind, FV) and ambience.

Lighting will be controlled by means of DALI system. Proofs will be used to monitor temperature and CO2 to achieve user’s comfort.

Lighting Low consumption systems/ LEDs with high efficiency ballasts and presence detectors

Sanitary hot water

Solar PV panels for domestic hot water (DHW): When the domestic hot water tanks are full, the electrical energy produced by the PV panels will still be available to cover other demands.


Photovoltaic generation: It has been decided that in the Spanish demo site the photovoltaic modules will be installed in the roof of the building, instead of being in the façade, as it was initially assumed in the modelling of the PV system. With an estimated production of 24MWh/ year.

Wind power generation: The demo site in Zaragoza will include a small wind turbine with an estimated production of 4000 kWh/year. Since the turbine will not be situated in a favourable place, a conservative estimation of 1300 equivalent hours has been made, giving a rated power around 3 Kw.

Geothermal energy: Geothermal energy is being estimated at this moment with the use of one temperature datalogger. The model chosen is an AhlbornALMEMO, with 4 type T temperature sensors and capable of store more than 100 k Samples.

Other energy saving measure

Water saving + Water recycling (operation phase): The highest water savings are obtained (per person/year) with this option, as it includes water saving and recycling in the building. As most of the water is consumed in taps in a tertiary building, almost the 90% of drinking water consumption could be reduced by adding water saving and water recycling techniques, including pumping from the alluvial aquifer for irrigation.

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3.2.3 Demo site 4: Sweden Table 18: technical data of demo site 4


FINAL TECHNOLOGIES AND SOLUTIONS CONSIDERED WITHIN SWEDISH PROJECT SUPPORTING NEED4B GOAL

Insulation Average U-value of 0.17 W/m2,°C, for total inside envelope area, including glazing, thermal bridges, etc. About 0.10 for walls and 0.08 for roof.

Windows 0.8 W/m2,°C, glazing 0.6 W/m2,°C

Heating production

The heat is provided by an exhaust air heat pump to a hydronic system.

Total space heat demand is 51 kWh/m2, year. The heat pump use less than 19 kWh/m2, year, electric power, including sanitary hot water production.


Hydronic

Heating emission Boiler power will be slightly underestimated in order to make it cost effective and keep the basement of heating needs. Peak needs will be satisfied with the heat pump heating the air.

Ventilation 0,35 l/s, m2 floor area, forced exhaust air


The house will have an advanced ICT system which, in an entirely new way, will help people to keep track of appliances and activities that use most electricity in a household. It will also have an easy-to-use indoor-climate demand control system

Lighting CFL, LED

Sanitary hot water

Low flow faucets, A+ dish washer, etc will reduce demand and a heat pump (see above) will provide the heat.


Solar panels (photovoltaic ) will be used for household electricity and for the heat pump, There is almost no sun in Sweden during winter season when there is a space heating (and sanitary hot water) demand, which means that some electricity has to be bought during winter. An exhaust air heat pump will recover heat energy in ventilation air in the demo in Varberg. The demo building in Borås will have a new developed ground sourced heat pump in combination with exhaust and supply air ventilation with heat recovery.


• Climate shell w/o thermal bridges • Entry porch preventing cold draft • Semi insulated conservatory • Energy efficient appliances (A++) • Wooden framed construction (reduced “grey energy”).

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3.2.4 Demo site 5: Turkey Table 19: Technical data of demo site 5

Technical data

DEMO SITE 5

FINAL TECHNOLOGIES AND SOLUTIONS CONSIDERED WITHIN TURKISH PROJECT SUPPORTING NEED4B GOAL

Insulation

According to the final material selections and the interpolation of ASHRAE standards the final insulation values are as follows: Exterior wall insulation shall be increased to a U of 0,30 W/m2K. Roofs have 0,27 W/m2K and ground floor will have 0,4 W/m2K insulation values. Glazing performance is significantly increased by a U value of 1,3 W/m2K at all facades.

Windows

For the east, south and west facades Guardian Sunguard Super Neutral 51/28 glasses are being used with the U value of 1,3 W/m2K and shading coefficient of 0,28. This is a double glazed, low-e type glazing system. For the north façade a local product is being used which is named as “Isıcam (6+16+6)” with the U value of 1,3 W/m2K and shading coefficient of 0,34. All window frames at the building are aluminium frames with U value of 2,7 W/m2K.

Heating production

The building’s heating demand is being accommodated by the central heating plant of the campus. At the central plant hot water for the fan coil system is provided through natural gas from the city grid.


A central 4-pipes fan-coil system with separate heating and cooling coils, as well as separate pairs of heating and cooling pipes is being used. In this system hot water or chilled water is always available. The system is able to instantly switch from the heating mode to the cooling mode, or vice versa, and can provide heating to some rooms while simultaneously providing cooling to other rooms, making it very flexible.

Heating emission

The central 4-pipes fan-coil system has substantially lower emissions compared to common systems. The air-ground heat exchanger used in the demo site saves an approximate extra 4343,21 kg/a CO2 with almost 4000 hours in operation.

Ventilation

Supply air is being provided by natural ventilation in ScOLa Building. In order to provide acceptable indoor air quality (ASHRAE) mechanical exhaust system supports the system. In the areas where it is not possible to provide natural ventilation, AHU with highly efficient thermal wheel heat recovery device is being used in ScOLa Building. Thermal wheels in this system can recover about 85% of heat from ventilation air, transferring it to incoming fresh air, which then requires minimal additional heating to reach the required temperature for the building. Additionally, the system is connected to the air–ground heat exchanger, which uses the Earth’s relatively constant temperature to pre-heat or to pre-cool the air before supplied to the spaces. The system works based on heating/cooling demand and air demand (through use of CO2 sensors) Additionally the system allows for free cooling when the outside temperature is below the inside set points.

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Meters are being installed to predefined spaces to measure different end-uses (lighting, heating, ventilation, PVs, etc.). The data collected through the meters are being displayed on LCD screen and kiosks for instant data of the building performance. This is also being used as a case study for educational purposes.

Additionally an advanced building automation system is allowing full control of HVAC and lighting systems. Hourly to seasonal scenarios are being programmed based on optimum energy saving strategy and occupants needs.

Lighting

Square LED Armatures with 40W power have been selected as the main armatures of the building. The energy density of the lighting system for each floor is expected to change between 3,3 – 5,8 W/m2. The installed capacity is 79 kW and yearly lighting power is 152.208 kWh. With the use of the LED armatures and T5 fluorescents, the consumption density of the lighting system is 9,4 kWh/m² without automation and 6,1 kWh/m² with DALI automation. Total automation is expected to enable almost %35 energy saving for the lighting system.

Sanitary hot water

As the building is an educational building, no sanitary hot water is demanded and used.


504 pieces of Yingli Solar YL250P-29b poly c-Si modules and 6 pieces of RefuSol 20K inverters are being used. The tilt angle of 15 degree has been selected, due to İstanbul conditions. After the design and calculations for placement of the modules, the system capacity is expected to reach 126 kWp. 126 kWp capacity means almost 160.000 kWh energy production, total lighting consumption of the ScOLa and 68.800 kg/a CO2saving.

Wind power generated off-site through FINA Energy Co. İs being used campuswide, meaning direct usage also by the ScOLa Building.


The building will be equipped with advanced automation systems which aresensitive to occupant density and control. Occupant awareness and contribution to energy saving is being projected through visualization of the energy management of the campus, interactive competitions, campus newsletter, mobile applications, etc.

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4. REFERENCES

ACCIONA, (2013): D3.1 Structure and envelope design alternatives for each demo site providing guidelines for its selection. Public report of EU project NEED4B. ACCIONA, (2013): D4.1 Concept design of each demo site report. Public report of EU project NEED4B.

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5. ANNEXES: Engineering and construction documents at each DEMO SITE

ANNEX 1. BELGIUM The Engineering and construction documents provided in this report are the following:

a) 16 RESIDENTIAL HOUSES - Site plan - Sewer pipes plan- block of 5 houses - Foundations- block of 5 houses - Ground floor- block of 5 houses - First floor- block of 5 houses - Front view of façade and back view of facades - block of 5 houses - Right lateral side of façade/ left lateral side of facade- block of 5 houses - Section plans- block of 5 houses - Longitudinal section- block of 5 houses - Sewer pipes plan-- block of 6 houses - Foundations- block of 6 houses - Ground floor- block of 6 houses - First floor- block of 6 houses - Front view of façade and back view of facades - block of 6 houses - Right lateral side of façade/ left lateral side of facade- block of 6 houses - Section plans-- block of 6 houses - Longitudinal section- block of 6 houses - Carports - Perspective - Perspective

b) 1 RESIDENTIAL HOUSE - Site plan - Site plan - Ground floor - First floor - Second floor - Section plan 1 - Section plan 2 - Section plan 3 - Front view façade - Back view façade - Left view façade - Right view façade - Detailed plan 1- side roof edge - Detailed plan 2- roof ridge - Detailed plan 3- foot slope roof - Roof structure plan - Perspective

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ANNEX 2. SPAIN TheEngineering and construction documents provided in this report are the following:

a) ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS: - Basement - area - Ground floor -area - 1st Floor - area - 2nd Floor - area - Under roof floor - area - Elevation (South) - Elevation (East) - Elevation (North) - Elevation (West) - Section 1 and 2 - Section 3 and 4 - Section 5 and A - Section B and C - 2nd Floor mezzanine – carpentry location - Basement Floor – carpentry, locksmithing and furniture location - Ground Floor- carpentry, locksmithing and furniture location - Ground Floor mezzanine - carpentry, locksmithing and furniture location - 1st Floor - carpentry, locksmithing and furniture location - 1st Floor mezzanine - carpentry, locksmithing and furniture location - 2nd Floor - carpentry, locksmithing and furniture location

b) ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS:

- Land networks - Basement floor- Lighting - Ground Floor - Lighting - 1st Floor - Lighting - 2nd Floor - Lighting - Under roof floor - Lighting - Basement floor – electric plugs - Ground Floor –electricplugs - 1st Floor - P electric plugs - 2nd Floor - electric plugs - Under roof floor - electric plugs - Exterior lighting - Basement floor – Telecommunication and security - Ground Floor – Telecommunication and security - 1st Floor – Telecommunication and security - 2nd Floor– Telecommunication and security

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c) MECHANICAL DRAWINGS: HVAC DRAWINGS:

- HVAC systemslayout - Geothermal distribution - Basement – TABS pumps distribution - Ground Floor – TABS pumps distribution - 1st Floor– TABS pumps distribution - 2nd Floor– TABS pumps distribution - Ground Floor TABS - 1st Floor TABS - 2nd Floor TABS - Under roof floor TABS - Basement – pump distribution - Ground Floor – pums distribution - 1st Floor– pump distribution - 2nd Floor– pumps distribution - Basement - Ventilation - Ground Floor - Ventilation - 1st Floor - Ventilation - 2nd Floor - Ventilation - Ground Floor – Air extraction - 1st Floor – Air extraction - 2nd Floor – Air Extraction - Under roof floor – Air Extraction

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ANNEX 3. SWEDEN

TheEngineering and construction documents provided in this report are the following:

a) ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS - Elevations 1 - Elevations 2 - First floor - Second floor - Section - Assembly drawing-corner joint - Detail drawing- wet area, connections - Cross section 1 - Cross section 2 - Cross section 3 - Detail drawing-partition wall - Foundation drawing - Foundation drawing, sill - Foundation drawing, dimension for installation - Floor slab - First floor assembly drawing - First floor-dimensional drawing - Second floor- dimensional and assembly drawing - Roof plan

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ANNEX 4. TURKEY

TheEngineering and construction documents provided in this report are the following:

a) ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS: - B2 floor plan (+113.00 level) - B1 floor plan (+117.00 level) - G floor plan (+121.00 level) - N1 floor plan (+125.00 level) - N2 floor plan (+129.00 & +130.00 level) - N3 floor plan (+133.00 & +135.00 level) - N4 floor plan (+137.00 & +140.00 level) - Roof plan - Sections 1-1, 2-2, 3-3 - Sections 4-4, 5-5 - Facades 1-1, 2-2 - Facades 3-3, 3'-3', 4-4 - Facades 5-5, 6-6

b) b) ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS - B2 floor (+113.00 level) lighting plan - B1 floor (+117.00 level) lighting plan - G FLOOR (+121.00 LEVEL) LIGHTING PLAN - N1 floor (+125.00 level) lighting plan - N2 floor (+129.00 & +130.00 level) lighting plan - N3 floor (+133.00 & +135.00 level) lighting plan - N4 floor (+137.00 & +140.00 level) lighting plan - PV panels system mountage plan

c) MECHANICAL DRAWINGS - B2 floor (+113.00 level) ventilation plan - B1 floor plan (+117.00 level) ventilation plan - G floor (+121.00 level) ventilation plan - N1 floor (+125.00 level) ventilation plan - N2 floor (+129.00 & +130.00 level) ventilation plan - N3 floor (+133.00 & +135.00 level) ventilation plan - N4 floor (+137.00 & +140.00 level) ventilation plan - Roof ventilation plan - Air-ground heat exchanger plan and section

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