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Delivery of Climate Services to
the Farmers in India
Dr.N.Chattopadhyay
Deputy Director General of Meteorology
Agricultural Meteorology Division, India Meteorological
Department,
Preamble National Meteorological Services has great role to play to
share climate information including the products with the
small farmers.
National meteorological services, in many cases, need to be
realigned, resourced and trained as providers of services for
development and as participants in the development process.
Climate Information should reach the last mile to create
impact, enough information.
There is great need to convert the climate information into
actionable information for farmers.
Linking the climatic information with the available
technologies and best farming practices is required.
Customized, location and crop specific actionable
information is the requirement of the small farmers.
Heat/Cold Wave
More variable R/F
Increased Extremes Weather Events
Erratic Onset, advance and retrieval of Monsoon
Shift in Active/break cycles
Intensity and frequency of Monsoon lows/depressions
Components of Variability in Weather & Climate Hailstorm in Maharashtra and North and Central India in 2014 & 2015
Linear trend(oC/decade) in mean and diurnal
temperature (Long term analysis different seasons
over India based on 27 stations (dots) Dot size is
related to trend
Monsoons - a relatively regular Phenomenon interspersed with large extremes
Negative extremes tend to bunch together in bi-decadal blocks marking them out as stressful epochs.
1899 1920 1965 1987
Annual Ep anomalies
(mm/day) between 1961 &
1992 wrt to the 1961-92
mean for three stations &
for four seasons. Dashed
lines show best-fit linear
trend
Regionally averaged annual Ep
anomalies(mm/day) for the period
1961-92 wrt the 1976-90 mean for
different seasons over India.
Number of stations is ten between
1961-75 and 1991-92 and 19
between 1976 &1990 . Dashed
lines show best-fit linear trend
1.0º C
Increase in Surface Temperature(IPCC 2007)
Number of GCM experiments & P/PE ratio
For the monsoon season, all six GCMs agree that
P/PE ratio becomes more favourable over north-
eastern India.
Five out of six agree that this ratio increases, apart
from the extreme south, over the rest of the country.
Changes in this ratio are less favourable in the post-
monsoon season and in the extreme south of the
country
Chattopadhyay &
Hulme, 1997
The User Interface Platform Flow of Information from NMHS to Farmers
Ensure that farmers and the agricultural sector
have ownership and an effective voice in
development of climate information products
and services.
NMHS
(climate) PARTNERSHIP
NARES
PARTNERSHIP (agriculture)
VALUE-ADDED
INFORMATION
USER
(FARMER)
Develop the capacity to use and effectively
demand AGROMET ADVISORIES
Climate Information services from NMHS should be
Supply driven and their should be full understanding of
its usability in action
Farmer should receives information what farmer wants
•Collective information on weather farm
management advisory should be provided.
•Climate information services to transform
climate risk agriculture to climate smart
agriculture.
Information
Product Information
service Delivery System Farmers
Important Services under the interface between
NMHS & Farmers
Helps to get comprehensive end to end solution from
NMHS to Farmer.
Suitable policy options to enhance weather and climate
services for the farming community.
Climate services for the farming sector must
include……….
Acquisition and wider dissemination of data
and products.
Assisting farmers in coping with current
climatic risks.
Advancing knowledge base for adaptation.
Assisting in the intensification of food
production systems.
Enabling institutions and policy support and
Partnerships and capacity enhancement.
CFS BASED GRAND ENSEMBLE PREDICTION SYSTEM (CGEPS) FOR
EXTENDED RANGE PREDICTION (FOR NEXT 20 DAYS) (IITM, PUNE)
29-Oct-15
Daily evolution of rainfall and wind at 850hPa
Pentad wise rainfall predicted by MME
SASCOF – 6 Consensus outlook for 2015 (Karnataka)
Above normal 25%
Normal 40%
Below normal 35%
Seasonal rainfall
probability for southern
Karnataka
BELGAUM
BIJAPUR
TUMKUR
BELLARY
RAICHUR
SHIMOGA
YADGIR
UDUPI
BIDAR
HASSAN
GULBARGA
MYSORE
UTTARKANNADA
KOPPAL
HAVERI
GADAGE
MANDYA
BAGALKOT
CHITRADURGA
KOLAR
KODUGU
CHIKMAGALUR
DEVANAGARI
DHARWAD
CHAMERAJANAGAR
CHIKBALLAPUR
TUMKUR
RAMANAGARA
DHAKSHIN KANNAD BANGALORE
BANGALORE(u)
BANGALORE(u)
Seasonal rainfall
probability for Northern
Karnataka
Above normal
25%
Normal
35%
Below normal
40%
Seed Management, Irrigation,
Fertilizer Application, Pesticide spraying,
etc...
Sowing
Transplanting Vegetative
Grain formation Harvesting, etc...
In Farm operations
In different stages of crops
Weather forecast
Applications
Tactical Decisions
Strategic Decision:
Contingent Planning
Information Dissemination Process
The process include:
Identification of the user & its needs
Identification of Weather sensitive decisions
Set up linkages between NWS and farmers to
identify gaps in Agromet information
Select right media which is available to targeted
user groups
Multiple Mode & Frequent time
Feed-back mechanism
Key messages related to building adaptive capacity
of small farmers to climate variability and change
Specialized information delivery systems are
required to reach rural farmers, and should include:
Modern technical weather and climate information.
Advice on their effects on agricultural systems.
Advice on appropriate actions (e.g. for application
of fertilizer, planting.
The information should be made available in local
languages, and allow for integration of indigenous
knowledge (local coping strategies).
Communication Channels Broadly divided into three groups; Mass and electronic media
Group methods; have similar needs, hence benefit from similar information. Therefore, uniform advisories formulated to address critical decisions and provide the desired agromet information using the same format and language. The groups allow farmers to be exposed to other farmers’ successes as well as realize that they may encounter similar problems or obstacles.
Individual contacts; time consuming but build good rapport & develop credibility between role-players. It is a vital part of participatory technology and training & visit method of extension.
In general, the use of more than one channel gives a greater chance of reaching the client or user.
Kisan Call Centres
FM Radio
Television News Paper
Mobile
Internet
New Technologies for
Dissemination of
Agromet Information
to the User Community
Mobile Advisory in regional language
पावसाचा अदंाज-बारामती पररसरामध्ये दद. ५,६ व ७ जनू रोजी वादळी वा-यासह पाऊस होण्याची शक्यता असनू यापासनू बचावासाठी आपल्या पश ुव पपकांची योग्य ती काळजी घ्यावी-केव्हीके बारामती
Gramin Krishi Mausam Sewa:
Preparation, Dissemination and Economic Assessment of
Agromet Advisory
A comprehensive study on impact assessment and economic benefits of this
service carried out in year 2010 by the National Council of Applied Economic
Research (NCAER) reported that the contribution to GDP of the country is Rs.50,000
crores. (used by 24% farmers
One in nine family has been connected in the country.
).
Dissemination of Products and
Feedback through BHUVAN Platform IMD in collaboration with National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Hyderabad is establishing virtual interaction between the farmers and the scientists to solve the field specific problems on pilot mode covering major crops of the country under BHUVAN platform.
The ‘BHUVAN’ portal will provide a platform for the dissemination of the agrometeorological products over a wide area and for a large number of users.
SMS for Farmers-Why needed?
SMS is best for sending quick short messages
to an individual farmer or a group of farmers,
like “Thunderstorm likely today afternoon”
It is easy to send SMS messages to even
thousands of recipients at a time
Regional language SMS is now becoming
available
The SMS system needs to be exploited as a
means of communicating quickly with farmers
Exclusive TV Channel for Farmers
.
. A proposal to establish a studio in house is in process for live programs related to AAS
• Presently telecast of AAS
services in the programmes like Kisan Samchar, Mausam Khabar.
• Efforts will be made to include programmes like climate smart village, field visit, farmer schools etc.
Touch Screen Kiosk at block level • Information on different Crops,
diseases, recommendations.
• Crop advisory in Marathi
language is made available to
farmers
Nat
ion
al L
evel
Rural people Results
Reg
ion
al L
evel
Lo
cal
Lev
el
CSCs
•Provide necessary SRS
Functions •Collection & distribution of
queries/ solutions •Record keeping & Reporting
•Timely Supplementary services •Other coordination/ services
IMD Time-bound information
•Manage Scale of operations for target farmers
Common Service Centre (CSC)
District –Block –GP –Village – Framer Level
Targeting disadvantaged & marginalized groups •Revival of local agri-
natural resources •Increase agri-income •Organic farming •Facilitate remote financial inclusion
For transmitting the latest
agriculture techniques to the
Farmers' field, orienting them to
establish better relationship with
banks, adoption of latest post-
harvest handling technology,
value addition, etc. and enjoy
the benefits of collective
bargaining power both for
procuring inputs and select their
produce the Farmers' Club
Programme is an appropriate
and most suitable strategy.
Dissemination of Agromet Advisory through
Farmer’s Club
Farms
Internet
Cloud
Expert Console mKRISHI Server
*1 *2
mKRISHI
Weather Station
Mobile service
provider
Parameter
Update
Qu
ery
Res
po
nse
Farmer with
mobile-phone
Risk
0123456789
10
01-1
2-
04-1
2-
07-1
2-
10-1
2-
13-1
2-
16-1
2-
19-1
2-
22-1
2-
25-1
2-
28-1
2-
31-1
2-
03-0
1-
06-0
1-
9/1
/2010
12-0
1-
15-0
1-
18-0
1-
Date
Ris
k
DAMU need to establish
linkage with KVKs, ATMA
and NGOs.
There is a need to
strengthen the linkages
between the extension
services, BDO, DAO and
all other stake holder
already in existence even
at village level.
AAS through Extension services ( DAO, ATMA , NGOs etc. )
Village Knowledge Centers for farmers-An initiative by MS Swaminathan
Research Foundation India
VKC
VKC
VKC
VKC Spread
spectru
m
VKC
VKC
VK
C
VHF
(Hub)
Village Resource Centre
Information
Knowledge
(Locale Specific and Demand Driven)
VKC
VRCs are managed
by MSSRF / Partners
VKCs are managed
by the community
VRC – Village Resource Centre
VKC – Village Knowledge Centre
Village Climate Risk Management Committee (VCRMC)
Name of the VCRMC
Village name
No. of members
Bank details
Name of Bank A/C no. Amount (Rs.)
VCRMC, Sanora, Barodi
Sanora, Barodi
12 Panjab National Bank,
Branch-Datia (M.P.) 0638000101265901 3210.00
VCRMC- Key institutional Intervention
Name of VCRMC – Sh. Ratan Singh Yadav (President), Sh. Umashankar Sharma
(Secretary), Sh. Chhatrapal Pateria (Treasure), Sh. Kallu Sharma, Sh. Rajesh Sharma,
Sh. Sobran Parihar, Sh. Moolchandra Namdev, Sh. Raju Sharma, Sh. Munna Lal Yadav,
Sh. Sugreev Yadav, Sh. Devi Singh, Sh. Lakhan Singh Yadav (Members).
Site Office and Scientist team of NICRA Account Passbook Meeting of VCRMC
KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA, DATIA (M.P.)
Sr.No Title
1. Training Programs Conducted (2006-15)
2. Number of candidates trained
3. Projects submitted to Banks
5. Projects approved by Banks (Sanctioned Projects)
6. Success Stories (Established Agri -Ventures)
7. Percentage of success stories
Brochure for Awareness
Brochure in different languages are prepared and ready for circulation among the users
Nepali Oriya Punjabi Marathi
Hindi Assamees Gujarati Manipuri English
1. Selecting the KVKs and
retrieving data of the
farmers from them.
2. Broadcasting
messages relating to
crops, weather to the
farmers through KVKs.
3. Interaction between
farmers and the KVKs
(for Queries, feedback,
Message
broadcasting.)
Feedback mechanism of the developed IVRS System
Farmers’ feedback
Shri Narayan Bhai Chawda (Krishi
Pandit), Village–Gomchi,Raipur
Since 1992, I have been getting these weather-based agro-
advisories regularly on the evening of every Tuesday and Friday.
Although, we have been involved in agriculture since last 30 to
35 years, these agro-advisories are certainly playing very
important role in planning our agriculture activities. Vegetables
and the cereals are the major crops grown in my agriculture
farm.
Credentials of Agromet Advisory
Services in India The agromet advisory services provided by IMD through various
communication channels have resulted in significant increases in farm productivity, resulting in increased availability of food and higher income generation.
At present only10 to 15 percent of the farmers are benefitting from the SMS services and about 24% farmers are aware about Agromet services.
The economic benefit of these services which has been estimated by NCAER at Rs.50,000 crores per year is extrapolated to rise to Rs.211,000 crores if the entire farming community in the country were to apply Agromet information to their agricultural activity.
Still no doubt there is a long way to go in not only increasing production but raising the income of farmers and reducing their losses and ultimately distress. It is challenging task for government, IMD as well as the other stake holders to achieve this.