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Delivery of Climate Services to the Farmers in India Dr.N.Chattopadhyay Deputy Director General of Meteorology Agricultural Meteorology Division, India Meteorological Department, [email protected]

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Delivery of Climate Services to

the Farmers in India

Dr.N.Chattopadhyay

Deputy Director General of Meteorology

Agricultural Meteorology Division, India Meteorological

Department,

[email protected]

Preamble National Meteorological Services has great role to play to

share climate information including the products with the

small farmers.

National meteorological services, in many cases, need to be

realigned, resourced and trained as providers of services for

development and as participants in the development process.

Climate Information should reach the last mile to create

impact, enough information.

There is great need to convert the climate information into

actionable information for farmers.

Linking the climatic information with the available

technologies and best farming practices is required.

Customized, location and crop specific actionable

information is the requirement of the small farmers.

Heat/Cold Wave

More variable R/F

Increased Extremes Weather Events

Erratic Onset, advance and retrieval of Monsoon

Shift in Active/break cycles

Intensity and frequency of Monsoon lows/depressions

Components of Variability in Weather & Climate Hailstorm in Maharashtra and North and Central India in 2014 & 2015

Linear trend(oC/decade) in mean and diurnal

temperature (Long term analysis different seasons

over India based on 27 stations (dots) Dot size is

related to trend

Monsoons - a relatively regular Phenomenon interspersed with large extremes

Negative extremes tend to bunch together in bi-decadal blocks marking them out as stressful epochs.

1899 1920 1965 1987

Annual Ep anomalies

(mm/day) between 1961 &

1992 wrt to the 1961-92

mean for three stations &

for four seasons. Dashed

lines show best-fit linear

trend

Regionally averaged annual Ep

anomalies(mm/day) for the period

1961-92 wrt the 1976-90 mean for

different seasons over India.

Number of stations is ten between

1961-75 and 1991-92 and 19

between 1976 &1990 . Dashed

lines show best-fit linear trend

1.0º C

Increase in Surface Temperature(IPCC 2007)

Number of GCM experiments & P/PE ratio

For the monsoon season, all six GCMs agree that

P/PE ratio becomes more favourable over north-

eastern India.

Five out of six agree that this ratio increases, apart

from the extreme south, over the rest of the country.

Changes in this ratio are less favourable in the post-

monsoon season and in the extreme south of the

country

Chattopadhyay &

Hulme, 1997

Operational Agrometeorological Services

The User Interface Platform Flow of Information from NMHS to Farmers

Ensure that farmers and the agricultural sector

have ownership and an effective voice in

development of climate information products

and services.

NMHS

(climate) PARTNERSHIP

NARES

PARTNERSHIP (agriculture)

VALUE-ADDED

INFORMATION

USER

(FARMER)

Develop the capacity to use and effectively

demand AGROMET ADVISORIES

Climate Information services from NMHS should be

Supply driven and their should be full understanding of

its usability in action

Farmer should receives information what farmer wants

•Collective information on weather farm

management advisory should be provided.

•Climate information services to transform

climate risk agriculture to climate smart

agriculture.

Information

Product Information

service Delivery System Farmers

Important Services under the interface between

NMHS & Farmers

Helps to get comprehensive end to end solution from

NMHS to Farmer.

Suitable policy options to enhance weather and climate

services for the farming community.

Climate services for the farming sector must

include……….

Acquisition and wider dissemination of data

and products.

Assisting farmers in coping with current

climatic risks.

Advancing knowledge base for adaptation.

Assisting in the intensification of food

production systems.

Enabling institutions and policy support and

Partnerships and capacity enhancement.

Generation of WRF-ARW Forecast with WRFDA Assimilation

CFS BASED GRAND ENSEMBLE PREDICTION SYSTEM (CGEPS) FOR

EXTENDED RANGE PREDICTION (FOR NEXT 20 DAYS) (IITM, PUNE)

29-Oct-15

Daily evolution of rainfall and wind at 850hPa

Pentad wise rainfall predicted by MME

SASCOF – 6 Consensus outlook for 2015 (Karnataka)

Above normal 25%

Normal 40%

Below normal 35%

Seasonal rainfall

probability for southern

Karnataka

BELGAUM

BIJAPUR

TUMKUR

BELLARY

RAICHUR

SHIMOGA

YADGIR

UDUPI

BIDAR

HASSAN

GULBARGA

MYSORE

UTTARKANNADA

KOPPAL

HAVERI

GADAGE

MANDYA

BAGALKOT

CHITRADURGA

KOLAR

KODUGU

CHIKMAGALUR

DEVANAGARI

DHARWAD

CHAMERAJANAGAR

CHIKBALLAPUR

TUMKUR

RAMANAGARA

DHAKSHIN KANNAD BANGALORE

BANGALORE(u)

BANGALORE(u)

Seasonal rainfall

probability for Northern

Karnataka

Above normal

25%

Normal

35%

Below normal

40%

Seed Management, Irrigation,

Fertilizer Application, Pesticide spraying,

etc...

Sowing

Transplanting Vegetative

Grain formation Harvesting, etc...

In Farm operations

In different stages of crops

Weather forecast

Applications

Tactical Decisions

Strategic Decision:

Contingent Planning

Sample copy

of Regional

Bulletin

Information Dissemination Process

The process include:

Identification of the user & its needs

Identification of Weather sensitive decisions

Set up linkages between NWS and farmers to

identify gaps in Agromet information

Select right media which is available to targeted

user groups

Multiple Mode & Frequent time

Feed-back mechanism

Key messages related to building adaptive capacity

of small farmers to climate variability and change

Specialized information delivery systems are

required to reach rural farmers, and should include:

Modern technical weather and climate information.

Advice on their effects on agricultural systems.

Advice on appropriate actions (e.g. for application

of fertilizer, planting.

The information should be made available in local

languages, and allow for integration of indigenous

knowledge (local coping strategies).

Communication Channels Broadly divided into three groups; Mass and electronic media

Group methods; have similar needs, hence benefit from similar information. Therefore, uniform advisories formulated to address critical decisions and provide the desired agromet information using the same format and language. The groups allow farmers to be exposed to other farmers’ successes as well as realize that they may encounter similar problems or obstacles.

Individual contacts; time consuming but build good rapport & develop credibility between role-players. It is a vital part of participatory technology and training & visit method of extension.

In general, the use of more than one channel gives a greater chance of reaching the client or user.

Kisan Call Centres

FM Radio

Television News Paper

Mobile

Internet

New Technologies for

Dissemination of

Agromet Information

to the User Community

Mobile Advisory in regional language

पावसाचा अदंाज-बारामती पररसरामध्ये दद. ५,६ व ७ जनू रोजी वादळी वा-यासह पाऊस होण्याची शक्यता असनू यापासनू बचावासाठी आपल्या पश ुव पपकांची योग्य ती काळजी घ्यावी-केव्हीके बारामती

Gramin Krishi Mausam Sewa:

Preparation, Dissemination and Economic Assessment of

Agromet Advisory

A comprehensive study on impact assessment and economic benefits of this

service carried out in year 2010 by the National Council of Applied Economic

Research (NCAER) reported that the contribution to GDP of the country is Rs.50,000

crores. (used by 24% farmers

One in nine family has been connected in the country.

).

Dissemination of Products and

Feedback through BHUVAN Platform IMD in collaboration with National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Hyderabad is establishing virtual interaction between the farmers and the scientists to solve the field specific problems on pilot mode covering major crops of the country under BHUVAN platform.

The ‘BHUVAN’ portal will provide a platform for the dissemination of the agrometeorological products over a wide area and for a large number of users.

E-Agromet

Bulletin

Generatio

n

Dissemination

1.Abridged

Advisories

2.Extreme

Weather

Warnings

SMS for Farmers-Why needed?

SMS is best for sending quick short messages

to an individual farmer or a group of farmers,

like “Thunderstorm likely today afternoon”

It is easy to send SMS messages to even

thousands of recipients at a time

Regional language SMS is now becoming

available

The SMS system needs to be exploited as a

means of communicating quickly with farmers

Exclusive TV Channel for Farmers

.

. A proposal to establish a studio in house is in process for live programs related to AAS

• Presently telecast of AAS

services in the programmes like Kisan Samchar, Mausam Khabar.

• Efforts will be made to include programmes like climate smart village, field visit, farmer schools etc.

Touch Screen Kiosk at block level • Information on different Crops,

diseases, recommendations.

• Crop advisory in Marathi

language is made available to

farmers

Nat

ion

al L

evel

Rural people Results

Reg

ion

al L

evel

Lo

cal

Lev

el

CSCs

•Provide necessary SRS

Functions •Collection & distribution of

queries/ solutions •Record keeping & Reporting

•Timely Supplementary services •Other coordination/ services

IMD Time-bound information

•Manage Scale of operations for target farmers

Common Service Centre (CSC)

District –Block –GP –Village – Framer Level

Targeting disadvantaged & marginalized groups •Revival of local agri-

natural resources •Increase agri-income •Organic farming •Facilitate remote financial inclusion

For transmitting the latest

agriculture techniques to the

Farmers' field, orienting them to

establish better relationship with

banks, adoption of latest post-

harvest handling technology,

value addition, etc. and enjoy

the benefits of collective

bargaining power both for

procuring inputs and select their

produce the Farmers' Club

Programme is an appropriate

and most suitable strategy.

Dissemination of Agromet Advisory through

Farmer’s Club

Farms

Internet

Cloud

Expert Console mKRISHI Server

*1 *2

mKRISHI

Weather Station

Mobile service

provider

Parameter

Update

Qu

ery

Res

po

nse

Farmer with

mobile-phone

Risk

0123456789

10

01-1

2-

04-1

2-

07-1

2-

10-1

2-

13-1

2-

16-1

2-

19-1

2-

22-1

2-

25-1

2-

28-1

2-

31-1

2-

03-0

1-

06-0

1-

9/1

/2010

12-0

1-

15-0

1-

18-0

1-

Date

Ris

k

DAMU need to establish

linkage with KVKs, ATMA

and NGOs.

There is a need to

strengthen the linkages

between the extension

services, BDO, DAO and

all other stake holder

already in existence even

at village level.

AAS through Extension services ( DAO, ATMA , NGOs etc. )

Village Knowledge Centers for farmers-An initiative by MS Swaminathan

Research Foundation India

VKC

VKC

VKC

VKC Spread

spectru

m

VKC

VKC

VK

C

VHF

(Hub)

Village Resource Centre

Information

Knowledge

(Locale Specific and Demand Driven)

VKC

VRCs are managed

by MSSRF / Partners

VKCs are managed

by the community

VRC – Village Resource Centre

VKC – Village Knowledge Centre

Village Climate Risk Management Committee (VCRMC)

Name of the VCRMC

Village name

No. of members

Bank details

Name of Bank A/C no. Amount (Rs.)

VCRMC, Sanora, Barodi

Sanora, Barodi

12 Panjab National Bank,

Branch-Datia (M.P.) 0638000101265901 3210.00

VCRMC- Key institutional Intervention

Name of VCRMC – Sh. Ratan Singh Yadav (President), Sh. Umashankar Sharma

(Secretary), Sh. Chhatrapal Pateria (Treasure), Sh. Kallu Sharma, Sh. Rajesh Sharma,

Sh. Sobran Parihar, Sh. Moolchandra Namdev, Sh. Raju Sharma, Sh. Munna Lal Yadav,

Sh. Sugreev Yadav, Sh. Devi Singh, Sh. Lakhan Singh Yadav (Members).

Site Office and Scientist team of NICRA Account Passbook Meeting of VCRMC

KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA, DATIA (M.P.)

Sr.No Title

1. Training Programs Conducted (2006-15)

2. Number of candidates trained

3. Projects submitted to Banks

5. Projects approved by Banks (Sanctioned Projects)

6. Success Stories (Established Agri -Ventures)

7. Percentage of success stories

Stake Holders for Generation of Block Level Agro-Advisories

Brochure for Awareness

Brochure in different languages are prepared and ready for circulation among the users

Nepali Oriya Punjabi Marathi

Hindi Assamees Gujarati Manipuri English

Need Assessment Survey

1. Selecting the KVKs and

retrieving data of the

farmers from them.

2. Broadcasting

messages relating to

crops, weather to the

farmers through KVKs.

3. Interaction between

farmers and the KVKs

(for Queries, feedback,

Message

broadcasting.)

Feedback mechanism of the developed IVRS System

Farmers’ feedback

Shri Narayan Bhai Chawda (Krishi

Pandit), Village–Gomchi,Raipur

Since 1992, I have been getting these weather-based agro-

advisories regularly on the evening of every Tuesday and Friday.

Although, we have been involved in agriculture since last 30 to

35 years, these agro-advisories are certainly playing very

important role in planning our agriculture activities. Vegetables

and the cereals are the major crops grown in my agriculture

farm.

Credentials of Agromet Advisory

Services in India The agromet advisory services provided by IMD through various

communication channels have resulted in significant increases in farm productivity, resulting in increased availability of food and higher income generation.

At present only10 to 15 percent of the farmers are benefitting from the SMS services and about 24% farmers are aware about Agromet services.

The economic benefit of these services which has been estimated by NCAER at Rs.50,000 crores per year is extrapolated to rise to Rs.211,000 crores if the entire farming community in the country were to apply Agromet information to their agricultural activity.

Still no doubt there is a long way to go in not only increasing production but raising the income of farmers and reducing their losses and ultimately distress. It is challenging task for government, IMD as well as the other stake holders to achieve this.

Endorsements &

Appreciations

“ It is a Great Idea .. Do it Across the

World. Great Work .. Keep It Up”

Barak Obama,

President, U.S.A

Nov 7, 2010, Mumbai