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EMOCRACY TO BRUTALI

DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

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Page 1: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY

Page 2: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

The Caning The Caning of of Senator Senator SumnerSumnerCharles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery (and Senator Andrew Butler).

Charles Sumner – Massachusetts Senator 1851-1874

Page 3: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

The Caning The Caning of of Senator Senator SumnerSumnerPreston Brooks, South Carolina Senator, uses a walking stick to beat Sumner in an effort to “defend his “defend his uncle’s honor”. uncle’s honor”.

Page 4: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery
Page 5: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

The Caning of Senator SumnerSumner is absent for 3 years; empty chair reminder of violence

Page 6: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

The Caning of Senator Sumner

Brooks resigns;

Southern supporters send him new canes

Page 7: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery
Page 8: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

- Asks the question; Can this be resolved peacefully?

Remember Lawrence, Kansas? Ruins of Free State Hotel after Sacking of Lawrence. Sheriff Jones collected a posse of 750 southerners to enter Lawrence, disarm the citizens, wreck the press, and destroy the Free State Hotel. The two printing offices were hacked, the presses destroyed, and the types thrown in the river. Several kegs of gunpowder were exploded within, with no appreciable damage to the walls, so the structure was burned. There was one fatality, a slavery proponent killed by falling masonry.

This is important….

Page 9: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

If this could happen in Congress…

This could happen anywhere!

Page 10: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

Dred Scott – Dred Scott – slave in slave in MissouriMissouri

John Emerson, owner, moves them to Illinois

Dred Scott Decision (1857)

Page 11: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

Dred Scott Decision

Dred Scott – Dred Scott – slave in slave in MissouriMissouri

John John Emerson, Emerson, owner, owner, moves them moves them to Illinoisto Illinois

Page 12: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

Scott sues Scott sues for his for his freedom freedom “Am I not “Am I not a man?”a man?”

Missouri State CourthouseMissouri State Courthouse

Dred Scott Decision (1857)

Page 13: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

Roger Taney Roger Taney

Supreme Court rulesSupreme Court rules

AGAINSTAGAINST Dred ScottDred Scott

Dred Scott Dred Scott

Page 14: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

His case was based on the fact that he and his wife Harriet were slaves, but had lived in states and territories where slavery was illegal, including Illinois and Wisconsin, which was then part of the Louisiana Purchase. The court ruled seven to two against Scott, finding that neither he, nor any person of African ancestry, could claim citizenship in the United States, and that therefore Scott could not bring suit in federal court under diversity of citizenship rules. Moreover, Scott's temporary residence outside Missouri did not affect his emancipation under the Missouri Compromise, since reaching that result would deprive Scott's owner of his property.

Page 15: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

African Americans cannot - Sue in federal - Sue in federal courtcourt-Be legal citizens of the U.S.- See Hope slip - See Hope slip away; kills away; kills opportunities of opportunities of equality equality

Dred Scott Decision (1857)

Page 16: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

National Park Service, Jefferson National Expansion National Park Service, Jefferson National Expansion MemorialMemorialA plaque in St. Louis that commemorates Dred and A plaque in St. Louis that commemorates Dred and Harriet Scott.Harriet Scott.

Page 17: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

What is the impact of this What is the impact of this decision?decision?

SLAVERY CAN GO ANYWHERE!!SLAVERY CAN GO ANYWHERE!!

Page 18: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

Remember… It’s not too lateRemember… It’s not too late

To turn things around!!!To turn things around!!!

Page 19: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

STATEMENTS BEYOND THE LAW!STATEMENTS BEYOND THE LAW!

Page 20: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

NAT TURNER’S REVOLT NAT TURNER’S REVOLT 1831 1831

Page 21: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

Nat started with a few trusted fellow

slaves traveling from house to house.

Because the rebels did not want to alert

anyone to their presence as they carried out their

attacks, they initially used knives,

hatchets, axes, and blunt instruments

instead of firearms. Before Nat and his brigade of rebels

met resistance at the hands of a white

militia. Nat Turner's rebellion was

suppressed within 48 hours, but Nat

eluded capture until October 30 when he

was discovered hiding in a cave and then taken to court.

Page 22: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

Leads 40 – 50 slaves in a revolt killing 55 whites in Virginia

NAT TURNER’S NAT TURNER’S REVOLT 1831REVOLT 1831

Page 23: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

- Turner is caught, and hung

NAT TURNER’S NAT TURNER’S REVOLT 1831REVOLT 1831

Page 24: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

NAT NAT TURNER’TURNER’S S REVOLT REVOLT 18311831

- Harsh codes - Harsh codes for slaves are for slaves are put in place to put in place to restrict their restrict their activities activities

Page 25: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

JOHN BROWN’S RAID JOHN BROWN’S RAID AT HARPER’S FERRY AT HARPER’S FERRY

Page 26: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

BEFORE POTAWATOMIE CREEK: I836, Franklin Mills, Ohio (now Kent). The Panic of 1837 (Remember the laissez faire approach of Martin Van Buren) hit his family hard. He borrowed money to buy land and operate a tannery. Losing money on State bonds, Brown was even jailed when he attempted to retain ownership of a farm by occupying it against the claims of the new owner. Brown also tried selling sheep and trading cattle in an attempt to get out of debt. He eventually moved to Kansas to try to help it become a “Free Soil” State.

John John Brown, Brown, white white Ohioan, Ohioan, AbolitionisAbolitionist, an t, an “Instrume“Instrument of God”nt of God”

JOHN BROWN’S RAID JOHN BROWN’S RAID AT HARPER’S FERRY AT HARPER’S FERRY

Page 27: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

Brown Brown grew a grew a beard beard partly as partly as a a disguise disguise after the after the PottawattPottawattamie amie Creek Creek Massacre Massacre as he as he and his and his sons sons were were fugitives fugitives from the from the law for law for several several years. years.

Disguise

Page 28: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

-He and 18 He and 18 followers followers take over a take over a military military arsenal in arsenal in Virginia, Virginia,

JOHN JOHN BROWN’S BROWN’S RAID AT RAID AT HARPER’S HARPER’S FERRY FERRY

Page 29: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

The armory was a large complex of buildings that contained 100,000 muskets and rifles, which Brown planned to seize and use to arm local slaves. They would then head south, drawing off more and more slaves from plantations, and fighting only in self-defense.

Page 30: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

Brown had a Brown had a Connecticut Connecticut Blacksmith Blacksmith create 1,000 create 1,000 of these iron of these iron pikes to give pikes to give to slaves to to slaves to use in the use in the raid.raid.

JOHN JOHN BROWBROWN’S N’S RAID RAID AT AT HARPHARPER’S ER’S FERRFERRY Y

On October 16, 1859, Brown (leaving three men behind as a rear guard) led 19 men in an attack on the Harpers Ferry Armory. He had received 200 breech loading .52 caliber Sharps carbines and pikes from northern abolitionist societies in preparation for the raid.

Page 31: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

I will deplete Virginia of its slaves, causing the institution to collapse in one county after another, until the movement spread into the South, essentially wreaking havoc on the economy of the pro-slavery states!

Page 32: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

The spot was chosen by Brown because of the Potomac River and The spot was chosen by Brown because of the Potomac River and the Shenandoah River met there and a Railroad came through, as the Shenandoah River met there and a Railroad came through, as well the access to weapons. well the access to weapons.

JOHN BROWN’S RAID JOHN BROWN’S RAID AT HARPER’S FERRY AT HARPER’S FERRY

Page 33: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

-He and 18 followers take over a He and 18 followers take over a military arsenal in Virginia, cuts military arsenal in Virginia, cuts telegraphs, 5 deadtelegraphs, 5 dead

Page 34: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

Initially, the raid went well, and they met no resistance entering the town. They cut the telegraph wires and easily captured the armory, which was being defended by a single watchman. They next rounded up hostages from nearby farms, including Colonel Lewis Washington, great-grand-nephew of George Washington. They also spread the news to the local slaves that their liberation was at hand. Things started to go wrong when an eastbound Baltimore & Ohio train approached the town. The train's baggage master tried to warn the passengers. Brown's men yelled for him to halt and then opened fire. The baggage master, Hayward Shepherd, became the first casualty of John Brown's war against slavery. Ironically, Shepherd was a free black man. {Two of the hostages slaves also died in the raid. [12]}For some reason, after the shooting of Shepherd, Brown allowed the train to continue on its way. News of the raid reached Washington by late morning.

Page 35: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery
Page 36: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery
Page 37: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

-Hoped slaves would join raid, plan Hoped slaves would join raid, plan failedfailed

Page 38: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

- Robert E. Lee, federal - Robert E. Lee, federal officer of U.S. army, puts officer of U.S. army, puts

down revolt along with local down revolt along with local militiasmilitias

JOHN BROWN’S RAID AT HARPER’S FERRY

Page 39: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

By morning (October 18) the engine house, later known as John Brown's Fort, was surrounded by a company of U.S. Marines under the command of Lt. Col. Robert E. Lee of the United States Army. A young Army lieutenant, J.E.B. Stuart, approached under a white flag and told the raiders that their lives would be spared if they surrendered. Brown refused, saying, "No, I prefer to die here." Stuart then gave a signal. The Marines used sledge hammers and a make-shift battering-ram to break down the engine room door. Lieutenant Israel Greene cornered Brown and struck him several times, wounding his head. In three minutes Brown and the survivors were captives-with two marine casualties-one killed and one wounded. Altogether Brown's men killed four people, and wounded nine.

Page 40: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

-Brown Brown is is

tried; tried; found found guilty guilty

of of treasotreaso

n, n, Brown was injured badly during the raid and needed Brown was injured badly during the raid and needed help standing help standing

-Brown Brown is is

tried; tried; found found guilty guilty

of of treasotreaso

n, n, Brown was injured badly during the raid and needed Brown was injured badly during the raid and needed help standing help standing

Page 41: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

-Brown is

tried, found guilty

of treaso

n, hange

d

Page 42: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

Would Would the the South South be be more more worrieworried d about about Brown’Brown’s s revolt revolt or or TurnerTurner’s ’s RevoltRevolt??

Page 43: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

Because Because of of

Brown’s Brown’s Raid, the Raid, the

South South Begins to Begins to

form form militias! militias!

Page 44: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

WAS BROWN JUSTIFIED? YOU DECIDE!WAS BROWN JUSTIFIED? YOU DECIDE!

Page 45: DEMOCRACY TO BRUTALITY The Caning of Senator Sumner Charles Sumner, Massachusetts Senator gives a stirring speech “Crime against Kansas” against slavery

REMEMBER… JOHN REMEMBER… JOHN BROWN BROWN

IS NOT JAMES IS NOT JAMES BROWN!!BROWN!!

The Meteor of the War The Godfather of Soul The Meteor of the War The Godfather of Soul