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DEPFET detectors for future colliders. Activities at IFIC, Valencia Terceras Jornadas sobre la Participación Española en los Futuros Aceleradores Lineales de Partículas Universitat de Barcelona C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG Carlos Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

DEPFET detectors for future colliders . Activities at IFIC, Valencia

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DEPFET detectors for future colliders . Activities at IFIC, Valencia. Terceras Jornadas sobre la Participación Española en los Futuros Aceleradores Lineales de Partículas Universitat de Barcelona. Carlos Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG. Outlook. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

DEPFET detectors for future colliders. Activities at IFIC,

ValenciaTerceras Jornadas sobre la Participación Española en los Futuros

Aceleradores Lineales de PartículasUniversitat de Barcelona

Carlos Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

Page 2: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

Outlook

DEPFET: Basics

• General requirements for future colliders• DEPFET: Fundamentals

DEPFET activities at IFIC

• Characterization:• Matrices: PXD4/PXD5/PXD6 production• Single Pixel

• Test Beam• Data analysis

• ILC simulation (see M. Vos talk)• Thermal studies ILC/SuperBelle

• DEPFET thermal mock-up• Simulation

Conclusions

• Pixel detectors for future colliders• IFIC in the DEPFET Collaboration

Page 3: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

Vertexing in future collidersC. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

This requirements impose unprecedented constraints on the detector:• High granularity• Fast read-out• Low material budget• Low power consumption

Vertexing in future colliders requires excellent vertex reconstruction and efficient heavy quark flavour tagging using low momentum tracks

DEPFET Measurements made on realistic DEPFET prototypes have demonstrated that the concept is one of the principal candidates to meet these challenging requirements

Page 4: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

DEPFET principle

Each pixel is a p-channel FET on a completely depleted bulk

A deep n-implant creates a potential minimum for electrons under the gate (internal gate)

Signal electrons accumulate in the internal gate and modulate the transistor current (400pA/e-)

Accumulated charge can be removed by a clear contact

Fully depleted• Large signal• Fast signal collection

Low capacitance, internal amplification• Low noise

Transistor ON only during readout• Low power

Complete clear• No reset noise Fe

ature

s

Page 5: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

Introducing the Valencia’s set up

Faraday cage PC for data acquisition Stack of power supplies Laser Motorstages XYZ Complete system for air and

liquid cooling◦ Cooling blocks◦ Aluminium coils

Pulse generator

Page 6: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

Matrix characterization

Full electrical optimization of matrices: This implies scans over a wide range of the operating voltages to achieve the best signal-to-noise ratio.

• Clear High/Low• Gate ON/OFF• Back• Bulk• Cleargate• Source

Calibration of the system using radioactive sources• Gain of the system• ENC

Laser scans: Charge collection uniformity

Page 7: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

Already tested at IFIC

CLGClocked CleargateNHE38x30μm2

CCGCommon CleargateLE32x24μm2

C3GCapacitive Coupled Cleargate24x24μm2

ILC design

Page 8: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

DEPFET Single-pixel (under construction)

D1

D2

SG1

G2Cl

Cl

Clg

Blk

Clg

Inner structure Set-up

Better understanding of new structures• Different geometries (L-

gate)• Implants

Direct access to the system’s parameters• Complete clear• Charge collection• Noise

Page 9: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

Test Beam

Page 10: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

Test Beam: Our role

Full electrical characterization of one DUTParticipate in the assembly and allignment of the

telescopeParallel set-up in control roomAnalysis of dataTest Beam Coordinators 2008 and 2009 (M.Vos)

BEAM120 GeV ∏

x

y

z

Page 11: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

Test Beam: Measurements

Voltage scans: Cross-check optimal settings◦ VBias to the wafer 150-220V◦ VEdge

◦ VClearHigh

Angular scan: Resolution vs. Cluster size◦ -5, -4, -3, -2, -1.5, -1, -0.5, 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12,

18, 36Beam energy scan: Separation “multi-scattering-

intrinsic resolution”◦ 20, 40, 60, 80, 120 GeV

Large statistics◦ Charge collection uniformity◦ 3 Mevents in nominal conditions

3.5 TB of data20 Million events

Page 12: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 14002468

1012

T.B. Data analysis

d0 (32x24)

d1 (32x24) d2 (24x24) d3* (32x24)

d4 (32x24) d5 (32x24)

Sig3x3(ADU) 1339 1497 1704 1757 1508 1654Noise (ADU) 12,7 13,4 12,7 13,4 12,8 13,2

SNR 105 112 134 131 118 125SeedSignal(A

DU)69% 56% 59% 61% 63% 64%

ENC (e-) 345 326 286 277 309 290gq (pA/e-) 283 316 360 372 319 350

Preliminary

Seed signa

l

Preliminary

Preliminary

Resid

ual (s M

SÅs T

elÅs I

nt, m

m)

Beam Energy (GeV)Distance (mm)

Entri

es

stotal=2,5mm

Page 13: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

Thermal studies: Simulation and measurements

First DEPFET thermal mock-up

Thermal simulation

Page 14: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

Thermal measurements Influence of conduction

T of cooling blocks Bump bonding

Influence of convection Air speed Air temperature

Study of new materials

0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.252025303540455055606570 Conduction

Liquid 5ºCLiquid 10ºCLiquid 15ºCLiquid 20ºCLiquid 25ºC

Power (W)

Tem

pera

ture

(ºC)

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 727282930313233343536

Convection

Chip's T. Liquid at 15ºC and Air at 22ºCChip's T. NO liquid. Air at 23.5ºC

Air speed (m/s)

Tem

pera

ture

(ºC)

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

0.51

1.52

2.53

3.54

4.5

f(x) = 0.233598089035393 x + 0.0810714543456788

f(x) = 4.24932494364119 x + 0.492739776470649f(x) = NaN x + NaN

Cu. 500 microns.Linear (Cu. 500 microns.)

TPG: k a a-1=4,3 W·mm2/K

Cu: k a a-1=1,1 W·mm2/K

Al: k a a-1=0,2W·mm2/K

DT no

rmal

ized (

K/m

m2 )

Power (W)

New materials

Page 15: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

Thermal simulation Model implemented in

SolidWorks for future mechanical studies

ANSYS studies calibrated with real data

Page 16: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

A couple of movies…

Switching mechanism is introduced

Influence of air and liquid cooling studies

Page 17: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

Conclusions

Vertexing in Future Colliders◦ Very hard conditions

Radiation (10MRad for SuperBelle) Background Reduced material budget Unprecedented granularity Power consumption and heat dissipation

◦ Improvement of the detector’s performance is needed

New generation of pixel detectors try to cope with this requirements

DEPFET: One of the most promising technologies for vertexing and tracking

Page 18: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

Conclusions: DEPFET in Valencia

Matrix characterization◦ 2 different generations characterized◦ Full electrical optimization◦ Calibration◦ Charge collection uniformity◦ Working on Single Pixel set-up

Test Beam◦ Optimization of DUT◦ Instalation and alignment of the telescope◦ Data analysis

Thermal studies◦ DEPFET thermal mock-up◦ Study of new materials for better cooling◦ Influence of air/liquid cooling◦ Simulation

Page 19: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

Backup slides

Page 20: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

Mechanics

1. Support structures:

◦ FEA models of mechanical properties

Natural frequencies Rigidity Stability Deformations

◦ Validation with mock-up

2. Module:

◦ Simulations using FEA: (Finite Element Analysis)

Mechanical effects: Strenght of module Thermal effects: Cooling

◦ Validation with prototypes

Page 21: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

Competitors for SuperBelle

Strip detecto

rs (DSSD)

•Shorter strips•Fast readout (higher noise)•Cannot be thinnedHybrid

pixel detectors (ATLAS type)

•Good readout speed and granularity•Too much materialPixel

detectors with

frame readout

•High granularity•Low mass (50 microns)•Slow frame readout (rolling shutter)

DEPFET

Discarded

• Material

• Granularity

Page 22: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

Competitors for ILC

CCD•Small signal•Cryogenic operation•Radiation damage (trapping)

CMOS sensors: MAPS/CAPS•Only small chips possible•Dead material in periphery

Silicon On Insulator (3D integration)•Thick depleted sensor (large signal, fast charge collection)•Only small chips possible•Back-gate effect (depletion voltage couples to FET gate)

Page 23: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

Double pixel structure

Page 24: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

Gain and noise

•Ba-133 (30keV g-ray) → 310.4 ADC Units•Cd-109 (22keV g-ray) → 209.9 ADC Units

E (keV)

ADU

22 30

310.4

209.9

FITy=a+bx

Slope=Gainb=12.5 ADC/keV

--

-

ekeVhe

ADCkeVADC 330

106.31

5.12115 3

Noise Gain Energy to

create e-h

Page 25: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

S/N for a MIP

keVpaireVpairs 80

162.322300

keVm

keVm 12728580450

mm

25.4)133(30)(127

-BakeVMIPkeV

1.- ATLAS supposition: 1 MIP→22300 pairs e-h in 285μm of Si

2.- Our DEPFET has 450μm of Si

3.- The scale factor between Ba-133 30keV g and a MIP is:

)(8625.433.20)133(33.20 MIPNSBaNS ==-=

4.- The S/N of 30keV Ba-133 g ray scaled to a MIP:

Page 26: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

Noise in current

ADCcountmVVLSB /12.01638412 =

ADCcountnAuA /1.6163841100

nA100~

1.- ADC dynamic range: 2 V – 14 bits ->

2.- trans-impedance amplifier gain = 1 V / 50 mA

3.- 15 ADC counts of noise

Page 27: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

Introducing the device

Switchers A (Gate) and B (Clear) for CLG

A-GATE B-CLEAR

CURO

Page 28: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

CLG vs CCG

VCleargate-Low

VCleargate-High

Amp/mV

Time/ms

VClear-High

VClear-Low

Clocked

-

Clearga

te

VCommon-Cleargate

VClear-High

VClear-Low

Common

-

Clearga

te

Page 29: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

Effect on spectrum

#Ent

ries

ADU

Signal peak

Incomplete

clear

Noise peak

Leackage Current

Background

Page 30: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

Amplifiers

OUTIN

-5V

1.8V 1.3V-3.2V

-8.2VVsubstr

39kΩ

Iin

AD8015

AD8129

5V 14V

+IN

-IN

REF

FB

>2V

2kΩ 18kΩ

6mV

R10

R10

R50

R5015

0pF

7V

-7V

Page 31: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

10V

Page 32: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

drainq Ig

Page 33: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

Double pixel structure

Actual size of two pixels

Double pixel cell 33 x 47 µm2

Page 34: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

VDRAIN

VGATE

GND

55Fe

Light

Pulsers Sequencer

Shaper ADC

PC

Page 35: DEPFET  detectors for future colliders .  Activities  at IFIC, Valencia

C. Mariñas, IFIC, CSIC-UVEG

CDS

Correlated Double Sampling Scheme