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PEW RESEARCH CENTER
www.pewresearch.org
Detailed tables
Trends in religious composition of U.S. adults
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
Christian 78 71 77 76 75 73 73 71 69 68 67 65
Protestant 52 47 51 51 50 49 49 48 46 44 45 43
Catholic 24 21 23 23 23 22 22 21 21 21 20 20
Mormon 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Orthodox Christian 1 <1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <1
Other Christian <1 <1 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Non-Christian faiths 5 6 5 5 5 6 5 6 6 7 6 7
Jewish 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2
Muslim <1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Buddhist 1 1 1 <1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Hindu <1 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1 1 1 1 1
Other 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3
Unaffiliated 16 23 17 17 19 19 20 21 24 23 25 26
Atheist 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 4
Agnostic 2 4 3 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 5
Nothing in particular 12 16 12 12 14 14 14 14 16 16 16 17
Don’t know/refused 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 2
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 35,556 35,071 12,529 13,823 17,870 25,051 16,017 25,010 17,518 15,812 12,522 12,738
Note: The “Protestant” figures from the Religious Landscape Studies may differ slightly from previously published reports because they
include Jehovah’s Witnesses and Christian Scientists so as to make the “Protestant” category as similar as possible to the aggregated
political surveys. In the Religious Landscape Study reports, Jehovah’s Witnesses are categorized as a separate religious tradition, and
Christian Scientists are part of the “Other Christian” category. There is no equivalent to the “Other Christian” category in the aggregated
political surveys. Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
2
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
www.pewresearch.org
Trends in religious service attendance among U.S. adults
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
NET Monthly or more 54 50 52 53 52 51 50 50 48 47 46 45
Once a week or more 39 36 37 38 36 37 36 35 35 33 33 31
Once/twice a month 15 14 15 15 15 14 14 14 14 14 13 13
NET A few times a year or less 45 50 47 46 47 48 49 49 51 51 53 54
A few times a year 18 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20
Seldom 16 17 17 15 16 16 16 17 16 16 17 17
Never 11 13 11 11 12 13 13 13 15 15 16 17
Don’t know/refused 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 35,556 35,071 12,529 10,521 16,485 25,051 16,017 25,010 17,518 15,812 12,522 12,738
Note: Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
3
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
www.pewresearch.org
Trends in religious composition of demographic groups
Trends in religious composition of U.S. adults, among men
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
Christian 74 66 73 73 71 70 69 68 65 65 63 61
Protestant 49 43 48 48 46 45 45 44 43 42 42 40
Catholic 23 20 23 23 23 22 21 21 21 21 19 19
Mormon 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1
Orthodox Christian 1 1 1 1 1 1 <1 1 <1 1 1 <1
Other Christian <1 <1 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Non-Christian faiths 5 7 5 5 5 6 6 7 6 7 6 7
Jewish 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Muslim 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Buddhist 1 1 1 <1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Hindu 1 1 1 <1 <1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Other 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3
Unaffiliated 20 27 20 19 22 22 24 24 27 26 29 30
Atheist 2 4 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 5
Agnostic 3 5 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 6
Nothing in particular 14 17 15 14 15 15 16 16 17 16 17 19
Don’t know/refused 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 16,291 17,514 5,959 6,381 8,315 11,901 7,888 12,843 9,359 8,542 6,804 7,266
Note: The “Protestant” figures from the Religious Landscape Studies may differ slightly from previously published reports because they
include Jehovah’s Witnesses and Christian Scientists so as to make the “Protestant” category as similar as possible to the aggregated
political surveys. In the Religious Landscape Study reports, Jehovah’s Witnesses are categorized as a separate religious tradition, and
Christian Scientists are part of the “Other Christian” category. There is no equivalent to the “Other Christian” category in the aggregated
political surveys. Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
4
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
www.pewresearch.org
Trends in religious composition of U.S. adults, among women
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
Christian 82 75 80 79 78 77 77 75 73 71 70 69
Protestant 55 51 54 54 53 52 52 52 49 47 47 47
Catholic 25 22 24 23 23 23 22 21 22 22 21 20
Mormon 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Orthodox Christian 1 <1 <1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <1
Other Christian <1 <1 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Non-Christian faiths 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 5 6 6 7
Jewish 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2
Muslim <1 1 1 <1 <1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Buddhist 1 1 1 1 <1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Hindu <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1 <1 <1 <1
Other 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3
Unaffiliated 13 19 13 14 16 17 17 18 21 20 22 23
Atheist 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4
Agnostic 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4
Nothing in particular 10 14 10 11 12 13 13 13 15 15 16 15
Don’t know/refused 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 19,265 17,557 6,570 7,442 9,555 13,150 8,129 12,167 8,159 7,270 5,718 5,472
Note: The “Protestant” figures from the Religious Landscape Studies may differ slightly from previously published reports because they
include Jehovah’s Witnesses and Christian Scientists so as to make the “Protestant” category as similar as possible to the aggregated
political surveys. In the Religious Landscape Study reports, Jehovah’s Witnesses are categorized as a separate religious tradition, and
Christian Scientists are part of the “Other Christian” category. There is no equivalent to the “Other Christian” category in the aggregated
political surveys. Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
5
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
www.pewresearch.org
Trends in religious composition of U.S. adults, among Millennials (b. 1981-1996)
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
Christian 68 56 65 67 63 61 61 59 55 55 53 49
Protestant 43 38 39 43 40 39 39 39 35 35 34 33
Catholic 22 16 23 21 20 19 18 18 17 18 16 14
Mormon 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1
Orthodox Christian 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Other Christian <1 <1 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Non-Christian faiths 6 8 7 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 7 9
Jewish 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 2
Muslim 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1
Buddhist 1 1 2 <1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Hindu <1 1 <1 <1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Other 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 4
Unaffiliated 25 35 27 25 30 31 31 32 37 35 38 40
Atheist 3 5 3 3 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 8
Agnostic 4 7 6 4 5 6 5 6 7 6 8 9
Nothing in particular 18 23 18 19 21 20 20 20 23 22 23 24
Don’t know/refused 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 2
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 3,087 7,419 1,528 2,107 2,749 4,311 2,993 5,315 3,694 3,545 2,740 2,592
Note: The “Protestant” figures from the Religious Landscape Studies may differ slightly from previously published reports because they
include Jehovah’s Witnesses and Christian Scientists so as to make the “Protestant” category as similar as possible to the aggregated
political surveys. In the Religious Landscape Study reports, Jehovah’s Witnesses are categorized as a separate religious tradition, and
Christian Scientists are part of the “Other Christian” category. There is no equivalent to the “Other Christian” category in the aggregated
political surveys. Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
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PEW RESEARCH CENTER
www.pewresearch.org
Trends in religious composition of U.S. adults, among Generation X (b. 1965-1980)
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
Christian 76 70 75 73 74 72 71 71 69 67 67 67
Protestant 48 46 48 46 46 45 45 46 43 42 43 43
Catholic 26 21 24 24 25 24 23 22 23 23 22 22
Mormon 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Orthodox Christian 1 1 1 <1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <1
Other Christian <1 <1 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Non-Christian faiths 5 6 5 6 5 6 6 6 6 7 6 6
Jewish 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2
Muslim 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Buddhist 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <1 1 1 1 1
Hindu 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <1
Other 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 3
Unaffiliated 19 23 19 19 20 21 21 22 24 24 25 25
Atheist 2 3 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4
Agnostic 2 4 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4
Nothing in particular 15 17 15 14 15 16 16 16 17 16 17 17
Don’t know/refused 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 8,092 7,303 2,629 2,909 3,651 5,146 3,309 5,206 4,011 3,751 2,872 3,011
Note: The “Protestant” figures from the Religious Landscape Studies may differ slightly from previously published reports because they
include Jehovah’s Witnesses and Christian Scientists so as to make the “Protestant” category as similar as possible to the aggregated
political surveys. In the Religious Landscape Study reports, Jehovah’s Witnesses are categorized as a separate religious tradition, and
Christian Scientists are part of the “Other Christian” category. There is no equivalent to the “Other Christian” category in the aggregated
political surveys. Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
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PEW RESEARCH CENTER
www.pewresearch.org
Trends in religious composition of U.S. adults, among Baby Boomers (b. 1946-1964)
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
Christian 80 78 81 80 79 79 79 77 77 77 77 76
Protestant 54 53 55 55 54 54 54 53 54 52 52 51
Catholic 24 23 24 23 23 23 23 22 22 23 23 23
Mormon 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Orthodox Christian 1 <1 1 1 <1 1 <1 1 <1 <1 <1 <1
Other Christian <1 1 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Non-Christian faiths 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 6
Jewish 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Muslim <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1
Buddhist 1 1 1 1 <1 1 1 1 1 1 <1 <1
Hindu <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
Other 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Unaffiliated 14 17 13 13 15 14 15 16 17 16 17 17
Atheist 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2
Agnostic 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 3
Nothing in particular 11 12 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 11 13
Don’t know/refused 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 13,662 13,049 4,859 5,308 6,962 9,615 6,181 9,392 6,448 5,777 4,584 4,658
Note: The “Protestant” figures from the Religious Landscape Studies may differ slightly from previously published reports because they
include Jehovah’s Witnesses and Christian Scientists so as to make the “Protestant” category as similar as possible to the aggregated
political surveys. In the Religious Landscape Study reports, Jehovah’s Witnesses are categorized as a separate religious tradition, and
Christian Scientists are part of the “Other Christian” category. There is no equivalent to the “Other Christian” category in the aggregated
political surveys. Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
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PEW RESEARCH CENTER
www.pewresearch.org
Trends in religious composition of U.S. adults, among the Silent Generation
(b. 1928-1945)
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
Christian 87 85 86 87 87 86 86 86 85 86 83 84
Protestant 60 58 61 61 60 60 60 62 57 59 60 62
Catholic 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 22 25 24 22 20
Mormon 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2
Orthodox Christian <1 <1 <1 1 <1 1 <1 <1 <1 1 <1 <1
Other Christian <1 <1 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Non-Christian faiths 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 4
Jewish 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2
Muslim <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 0 <1 <1
Buddhist 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1 <1 <1 <1 <1
Hindu <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
Other 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
Unaffiliated 9 11 9 8 9 10 9 9 10 9 12 10
Atheist 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2
Agnostic 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2
Nothing in particular 6 7 7 6 6 7 6 6 7 6 8 7
Don’t know/refused 1 <1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 7,853 5,989 2,765 2,812 3,671 4,879 2,949 4,350 2,716 1,997 1,603 1,549
Note: The “Protestant” figures from the Religious Landscape Studies may differ slightly from previously published reports because they
include Jehovah’s Witnesses and Christian Scientists so as to make the “Protestant” category as similar as possible to the aggregated
political surveys. In the Religious Landscape Study reports, Jehovah’s Witnesses are categorized as a separate religious tradition, and
Christian Scientists are part of the “Other Christian” category. There is no equivalent to the “Other Christian” category in the aggregated
political surveys. Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
9
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
www.pewresearch.org
Trends in religious composition of U.S. adults, among non-Hispanic white adults
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
Christian 78 70 77 77 75 74 72 71 69 68 66 65
Protestant 54 49 53 53 51 51 50 50 47 47 46 46
Catholic 22 19 21 21 21 20 19 19 18 19 18 17
Mormon 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Orthodox Christian 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <1
Other Christian <1 <1 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Non-Christian faiths 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 6 5 6 5 6
Jewish 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3
Muslim <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1 <1 <1
Buddhist 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1 1 1 1
Hindu <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
Other 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3
Unaffiliated 16 24 17 17 19 20 21 22 25 24 27 27
Atheist 2 4 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 5
Agnostic 3 5 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 6
Nothing in particular 12 15 12 12 13 13 14 14 16 15 16 16
Don’t know/refused 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 27,309 24,900 9,483 10,190 13,214 18,233 11,559 17,823 12,257 10,532 8,577 8,865
Note: The “Protestant” figures from the Religious Landscape Studies may differ slightly from previously published reports because they
include Jehovah’s Witnesses and Christian Scientists so as to make the “Protestant” category as similar as possible to the aggregated
political surveys. In the Religious Landscape Study reports, Jehovah’s Witnesses are categorized as a separate religious tradition, and
Christian Scientists are part of the “Other Christian” category. There is no equivalent to the “Other Christian” category in the aggregated
political surveys. Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
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PEW RESEARCH CENTER
www.pewresearch.org
Trends in religious composition of U.S. adults, among non-Hispanic black adults
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
Christian 85 79 83 82 82 79 80 77 76 74 73 72
Protestant 79 73 78 76 75 72 74 72 70 67 67 65
Catholic 5 5 4 5 7 6 6 5 5 6 5 6
Mormon <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1 <1
Orthodox Christian <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1 <1 <1 1 1
Other Christian <1 1 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Non-Christian faiths 2 3 3 4 2 4 4 5 4 7 6 6
Jewish <1 <1 <1 1 <1 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
Muslim 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 2
Buddhist <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
Hindu <1 <1 <1 0 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 0 <1
Other <1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 2 3
Unaffiliated 12 18 14 13 14 15 15 16 19 17 19 21
Atheist <1 1 1 <1 1 <1 1 <1 1 1 1 1
Agnostic 1 1 1 <1 <1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
Nothing in particular 11 16 13 12 13 14 14 15 17 16 16 19
Don’t know/refused 1 <1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 3,101 3,394 1,119 1,425 1,746 2,565 1,595 2,496 1,703 1,499 1,218 1,111
Note: The “Protestant” figures from the Religious Landscape Studies may differ slightly from previously published reports because they
include Jehovah’s Witnesses and Christian Scientists so as to make the “Protestant” category as similar as possible to the aggregated
political surveys. In the Religious Landscape Study reports, Jehovah’s Witnesses are categorized as a separate religious tradition, and
Christian Scientists are part of the “Other Christian” category. There is no equivalent to the “Other Christian” category in the aggregated
political surveys. Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
11
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
www.pewresearch.org
Trends in religious composition of U.S. adults, among Hispanic adults
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
Christian 84 77 82 81 81 80 80 79 79 76 75 72
Protestant 25 28 23 25 26 25 26 27 25 24 26 24
Catholic 58 48 57 55 53 54 53 51 52 51 48 47
Mormon 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Orthodox Christian <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
Other Christian <1 <1 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Non-Christian faiths 2 2 1 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 2 3
Jewish <1 1 <1 1 1 1 1 <1 <1 <1 1 1
Muslim <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 0 <1 <1 <1
Buddhist <1 1 <1 1 <1 <1 <1 1 <1 <1 <1 <1
Hindu <1 <1 0 0 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 0 <1 <1
Other <1 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 2
Unaffiliated 14 20 15 14 16 17 16 17 19 20 21 23
Atheist 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3
Agnostic 1 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3
Nothing in particular 12 16 11 11 13 14 12 13 14 14 15 17
Don’t know/refused 1 <1 2 1 1 1 2 1 <1 2 2 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 3,151 3,814 1,058 1,152 1,468 2,321 1,573 2,594 2,063 2,390 1,514 1,487
Note: The “Protestant” figures from the Religious Landscape Studies may differ slightly from previously published reports because they
include Jehovah’s Witnesses and Christian Scientists so as to make the “Protestant” category as similar as possible to the aggregated
political surveys. In the Religious Landscape Study reports, Jehovah’s Witnesses are categorized as a separate religious tradition, and
Christian Scientists are part of the “Other Christian” category. There is no equivalent to the “Other Christian” category in the aggregated
political surveys. Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
12
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
www.pewresearch.org
Trends in religious composition of U.S. adults, among adults in the Northeast
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
Christian 76 65 74 73 72 69 68 67 64 65 61 59
Protestant 37 33 37 37 36 33 35 34 33 32 33 31
Catholic 37 30 36 35 35 34 32 31 29 31 28 27
Mormon <1 1 1 <1 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1
Orthodox Christian 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <1
Other Christian <1 <1 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Non-Christian faiths 7 10 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 11
Jewish 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 6
Muslim 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1
Buddhist 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <1 1 1
Hindu 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Other 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 3
Unaffiliated 16 25 16 17 18 21 22 22 26 24 28 28
Atheist 2 4 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5
Agnostic 3 5 3 2 3 4 4 4 4 5 6 6
Nothing in particular 12 16 11 12 13 14 14 15 18 15 18 17
Don’t know/refused 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 6,556 6,516 2,359 2,499 3,233 4,380 2,772 4,334 3,008 2,739 2,117 2,244
Note: The “Protestant” figures from the Religious Landscape Studies may differ slightly from previously published reports because they
include Jehovah’s Witnesses and Christian Scientists so as to make the “Protestant” category as similar as possible to the aggregated
political surveys. In the Religious Landscape Study reports, Jehovah’s Witnesses are categorized as a separate religious tradition, and
Christian Scientists are part of the “Other Christian” category. There is no equivalent to the “Other Christian” category in the aggregated
political surveys. Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
13
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
www.pewresearch.org
Trends in religious composition of U.S. adults, among adults in the Midwest
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
Christian 80 73 77 78 76 75 74 74 71 69 68 67
Protestant 55 51 54 53 52 52 51 52 48 47 48 47
Catholic 24 21 23 23 24 22 22 21 22 21 19 19
Mormon 1 1 <1 <1 1 1 <1 <1 <1 1 1 1
Orthodox Christian <1 <1 1 1 <1 1 1 1 <1 1 1 1
Other Christian <1 <1 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Non-Christian faiths 3 4 4 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 4 5
Jewish 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Muslim <1 1 <1 1 <1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <1
Buddhist <1 1 1 <1 <1 <1 1 <1 1 1 1 <1
Hindu <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
Other 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3
Unaffiliated 16 22 18 17 19 19 20 20 24 24 25 25
Atheist 1 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 5 5 4
Agnostic 2 4 3 2 3 3 2 3 4 4 5 5
Nothing in particular 12 16 14 13 15 14 16 14 16 16 16 16
Don’t know/refused 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 2
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 9,078 7,491 3,083 3,281 4,437 5,945 3,625 5,657 3,900 3,305 2,753 2,680
Note: The “Protestant” figures from the Religious Landscape Studies may differ slightly from previously published reports because they
include Jehovah’s Witnesses and Christian Scientists so as to make the “Protestant” category as similar as possible to the aggregated
political surveys. In the Religious Landscape Study reports, Jehovah’s Witnesses are categorized as a separate religious tradition, and
Christian Scientists are part of the “Other Christian” category. There is no equivalent to the “Other Christian” category in the aggregated
political surveys. Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
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Trends in religious composition of U.S. adults, among adults in the South
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
Christian 83 76 82 81 79 79 78 76 74 72 73 70
Protestant 66 60 64 64 62 62 61 59 58 55 56 53
Catholic 16 15 17 15 16 16 16 16 15 16 16 16
Mormon 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Orthodox Christian <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
Other Christian <1 <1 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Non-Christian faiths 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 5 4 6 5 5
Jewish 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Muslim <1 1 <1 <1 <1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Buddhist <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1 <1 1 <1 <1 <1
Hindu <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
Other 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2
Unaffiliated 13 19 13 14 16 15 16 18 20 20 21 23
Atheist 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 3
Agnostic 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4
Nothing in particular 10 14 10 11 12 12 12 13 14 14 14 16
Don’t know/refused 1 <1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 12,643 12,566 4,669 5,240 6,613 9,226 5,841 9,268 6,648 6,066 4,683 4,850
Note: The “Protestant” figures from the Religious Landscape Studies may differ slightly from previously published reports because they
include Jehovah’s Witnesses and Christian Scientists so as to make the “Protestant” category as similar as possible to the aggregated
political surveys. In the Religious Landscape Study reports, Jehovah’s Witnesses are categorized as a separate religious tradition, and
Christian Scientists are part of the “Other Christian” category. There is no equivalent to the “Other Christian” category in the aggregated
political surveys. Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
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Trends in religious composition of U.S. adults, among adults in the West
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
Christian 71 64 69 71 68 66 67 66 64 63 60 60
Protestant 39 36 38 38 38 36 37 38 34 34 32 34
Catholic 25 23 24 26 23 24 23 22 24 23 23 21
Mormon 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 4
Orthodox Christian 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <1 1 <1 1
Other Christian 1 1 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Non-Christian faiths 6 7 7 6 6 6 6 7 6 7 7 8
Jewish 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
Muslim <1 1 1 1 <1 <1 <1 1 1 1 1 1
Buddhist 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
Hindu <1 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1 <1 1 1 1 1
Other 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Unaffiliated 21 28 21 21 24 26 25 26 28 28 31 32
Atheist 3 4 2 2 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 6
Agnostic 4 5 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 5 6 7
Nothing in particular 15 19 16 15 16 18 16 17 18 18 20 19
Don’t know/refused 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 7,279 8,498 2,418 2,803 3,587 5,500 3,779 5,751 3,962 3,702 2,969 2,964
Note: The “Protestant” figures from the Religious Landscape Studies may differ slightly from previously published reports because they
include Jehovah’s Witnesses and Christian Scientists so as to make the “Protestant” category as similar as possible to the aggregated
political surveys. In the Religious Landscape Study reports, Jehovah’s Witnesses are categorized as a separate religious tradition, and
Christian Scientists are part of the “Other Christian” category. There is no equivalent to the “Other Christian” category in the aggregated
political surveys. Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
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Trends in religious composition of U.S. adults, among college graduates
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
Christian 73 64 72 71 71 69 67 64 63 62 61 59
Protestant 47 41 45 45 45 43 42 41 41 40 40 39
Catholic 23 20 24 23 23 22 21 20 19 19 19 18
Mormon 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2
Orthodox Christian 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Other Christian <1 <1 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Non-Christian faiths 9 11 9 9 8 9 9 10 10 10 9 11
Jewish 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4
Muslim 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Buddhist 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Hindu 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Other 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 3
Unaffiliated 17 24 17 17 19 20 22 24 26 26 28 29
Atheist 2 5 3 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6
Agnostic 4 6 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7
Nothing in particular 11 14 11 11 11 12 13 14 15 15 16 15
Don’t know/refused 1 1 2 3 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 12,931 14,695 4,590 5,065 6,747 9,859 6,300 10,270 7,347 6,908 5,873 6,004
Note: The “Protestant” figures from the Religious Landscape Studies may differ slightly from previously published reports because they
include Jehovah’s Witnesses and Christian Scientists so as to make the “Protestant” category as similar as possible to the aggregated
political surveys. In the Religious Landscape Study reports, Jehovah’s Witnesses are categorized as a separate religious tradition, and
Christian Scientists are part of the “Other Christian” category. There is no equivalent to the “Other Christian” category in the aggregated
political surveys. Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
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Trends in religious composition of U.S. adults, among those with less than a college
degree
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
Christian 81 73 79 79 76 75 75 74 72 71 69 68
Protestant 54 50 53 53 52 51 51 51 48 47 47 46
Catholic 24 21 23 23 23 22 22 21 22 22 21 21
Mormon 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1
Orthodox Christian <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1 <1 <1 <1 <1
Other Christian <1 <1 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Non-Christian faiths 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 5 4 5 4 5
Jewish 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Muslim <1 1 1 1 <1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Buddhist 1 1 1 <1 <1 1 1 <1 1 <1 1 <1
Hindu <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
Other 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3
Unaffiliated 16 22 17 16 18 19 19 20 23 22 24 25
Atheist 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4
Agnostic 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 4 4
Nothing in particular 13 17 13 13 14 15 15 15 17 16 17 18
Don’t know/refused 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 22,367 20,173 7,835 8,675 11,048 15,038 9,630 14,605 10,065 8,787 6,580 6,641
Note: The “Protestant” figures from the Religious Landscape Studies may differ slightly from previously published reports because they
include Jehovah’s Witnesses and Christian Scientists so as to make the “Protestant” category as similar as possible to the aggregated
political surveys. In the Religious Landscape Study reports, Jehovah’s Witnesses are categorized as a separate religious tradition, and
Christian Scientists are part of the “Other Christian” category. There is no equivalent to the “Other Christian” category in the aggregated
political surveys. Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
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Trends in religious composition of U.S. adults, among Republicans and those who
lean toward the Republican Party
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
Christian 87 82 86 85 83 83 82 82 81 81 80 79
Protestant 61 57 60 59 57 58 57 57 57 56 56 56
Catholic 22 21 23 22 22 21 21 21 21 21 21 19
Mormon 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Orthodox Christian 1 <1 1 <1 <1 1 <1 1 1 1 1 1
Other Christian <1 <1 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Non-Christian faiths 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 4
Jewish 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Muslim <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
Buddhist <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
Hindu <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1
Other 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2
Unaffiliated 10 14 10 11 13 13 13 13 14 14 15 16
Atheist 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
Agnostic 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Nothing in particular 8 11 8 9 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 12
Don’t know/refused <1 <1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 13,366 13,731 5,025 5,875 7,535 10,517 6,771 10,471 7,490 6,610 5,098 5,488
Note: The “Protestant” figures from the Religious Landscape Studies may differ slightly from previously published reports because they
include Jehovah’s Witnesses and Christian Scientists so as to make the “Protestant” category as similar as possible to the aggregated
political surveys. In the Religious Landscape Study reports, Jehovah’s Witnesses are categorized as a separate religious tradition, and
Christian Scientists are part of the “Other Christian” category. There is no equivalent to the “Other Christian” category in the aggregated
political surveys. Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
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Trends in religious composition of U.S. adults, among Democrats and those who
lean toward the Democratic Party
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
Christian 74 63 72 71 70 67 67 64 61 60 59 55
Protestant 48 41 46 46 45 43 44 42 38 37 37 35
Catholic 24 21 25 24 23 23 22 21 22 22 20 20
Mormon 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Orthodox Christian 1 <1 1 1 1 1 1 1 <1 <1 1 <1
Other Christian <1 <1 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Non-Christian faiths 7 8 7 7 7 8 7 8 7 9 8 9
Jewish 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3
Muslim 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
Buddhist 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Hindu 1 1 1 <1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Other 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 2 3
Unaffiliated 19 28 20 20 22 24 24 27 31 30 32 34
Atheist 2 5 3 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 6 7
Agnostic 3 6 4 3 4 5 4 5 6 5 7 7
Nothing in particular 13 17 14 14 15 15 16 17 19 19 19 20
Don’t know/refused 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 16,420 15,682 5,955 6,370 8,345 11,846 7,508 11,694 8,078 7,611 6,284 6,094
Note: The “Protestant” figures from the Religious Landscape Studies may differ slightly from previously published reports because they
include Jehovah’s Witnesses and Christian Scientists so as to make the “Protestant” category as similar as possible to the aggregated
political surveys. In the Religious Landscape Study reports, Jehovah’s Witnesses are categorized as a separate religious tradition, and
Christian Scientists are part of the “Other Christian” category. There is no equivalent to the “Other Christian” category in the aggregated
political surveys. Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
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Trends in religious attendance among demographic groups
Trends in religious service attendance among U.S. adults, among men
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
NET Monthly or more 50 45 47 48 47 47 45 45 44 43 41 40
Once a week or more 34 31 33 33 32 33 31 31 30 30 28 27
Once/twice a month 15 14 14 15 15 14 14 14 14 13 13 13
NET A few times a year or less 50 54 51 50 51 52 53 53 55 55 58 59
A few times a year 19 20 19 20 20 20 20 20 21 21 21 21
Seldom 18 19 19 17 17 17 18 18 18 17 19 19
Never 13 16 13 13 15 15 15 15 17 18 19 19
Don’t know/refused 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 16,291 17,514 5,959 4,749 7,680 11,901 7,888 12,843 9,359 8,542 6,804 7,266
Note: Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
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Trends in religious service attendance among U.S. adults, among women
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
NET Monthly or more 59 54 56 57 56 55 55 54 53 52 50 50
Once a week or more 44 40 41 42 40 41 40 39 39 37 37 35
Once/twice a month 15 15 15 15 15 14 14 15 14 15 13 14
NET A few times a year or less 40 45 42 41 43 44 44 45 46 47 49 49
A few times a year 17 19 18 18 18 18 19 18 18 19 20 19
Seldom 14 15 15 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15
Never 9 11 10 10 11 12 12 12 13 13 14 15
Don’t know/refused 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 19,265 17,557 6,570 5,772 8,805 13,150 8,129 12,167 8,159 7,270 5,718 5,472
Note: Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
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Trends in religious service attendance among U.S. adults, among Millennials
(b. 1981-1996)
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
NET Monthly or more 50 42 45 48 47 45 44 44 38 39 36 35
Once a week or more 34 27 29 33 29 30 29 27 25 25 24 22
Once/twice a month 17 15 17 15 18 15 15 16 13 14 12 13
NET A few times a year or less 49 57 53 51 53 55 55 56 62 61 63 64
A few times a year 20 22 20 23 21 22 21 22 22 23 22 22
Seldom 17 18 17 15 17 16 17 17 18 18 19 20
Never 12 18 16 13 15 17 17 16 22 20 22 22
Don’t know/refused <1 <1 1 1 <1 1 1 1 <1 1 1 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 3,087 7,419 1,528 1,598 2,537 4,311 2,993 5,315 3,964 3,545 2,740 2,592
Note: Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
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Trends in religious service attendance among U.S. adults, among Generation X
(b. 1965-1980)
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
NET Monthly or more 51 50 50 51 51 49 49 50 50 47 46 46
Once a week or more 34 34 33 34 34 34 35 34 34 32 32 32
Once/twice a month 17 16 17 17 17 15 15 16 16 15 15 15
NET A few times a year or less 48 50 49 48 48 50 50 49 49 52 53 53
A few times a year 20 19 21 20 20 19 20 19 20 20 20 21
Seldom 18 18 18 17 16 16 17 17 16 16 16 17
Never 11 12 10 12 13 14 13 13 14 16 17 15
Don’t know/refused <1 <1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 8,092 7,303 2,629 2,215 3,370 5,146 3,309 5,206 4,011 3,751 2,872 3,011
Note: Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
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Trends in religious service attendance among U.S. adults, among Baby Boomers
(b. 1946-1964)
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
NET Monthly or more 54 52 53 54 52 53 51 51 51 52 50 49
Once a week or more 39 38 39 39 38 38 37 37 38 39 37 35
Once/twice a month 15 14 14 15 14 15 14 14 13 13 13 13
NET A few times a year or less 46 47 46 45 47 46 47 48 48 47 49 50
A few times a year 18 19 18 19 19 18 19 19 19 19 19 18
Seldom 17 17 17 16 16 16 17 17 16 16 17 18
Never 11 12 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 13 14
Don’t know/refused 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 13,662 13,049 4,859 4,033 6,410 9,615 6,181 9,392 6,448 5,777 4,584 4,658
Note: Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
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Trends in religious service attendance among U.S. adults, among the Silent
Generation (b. 1928-1945)
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
NET Monthly or more 62 61 61 62 61 61 59 62 61 61 57 61
Once a week or more 51 51 50 51 49 51 47 52 51 47 46 50
Once/twice a month 11 10 11 11 12 11 12 10 11 14 11 10
NET A few times a year or less 37 38 38 36 38 37 39 37 37 38 42 37
A few times a year 15 14 14 14 14 15 15 14 14 15 15 13
Seldom 13 14 14 12 14 13 14 13 13 13 14 12
Never 9 10 9 10 9 10 10 10 10 10 12 12
Don’t know/refused 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 7,853 5,989 2,765 2,165 3,390 4,879 2,949 4,350 2,716 1,997 1,603 1,549
Note: Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
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Trends in religious service attendance among U.S. adults, among
non-Hispanic white adults
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
NET Monthly or more 52 47 50 50 49 48 47 47 45 44 42 42
Once a week or more 37 34 35 36 34 35 34 34 32 32 30 30
Once/twice a month 15 13 14 14 14 13 13 13 12 13 12 12
NET A few times a year or less 47 53 49 48 50 51 52 52 55 55 57 57
A few times a year 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 21 20 20
Seldom 17 19 18 17 18 17 18 18 18 18 19 18
Never 12 15 12 13 13 14 15 15 17 17 18 18
Don’t know/refused 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 27,309 24,900 9,483 7,737 12,205 18,233 11,559 17,823 12,257 10,532 8,577 8,865
Note: Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
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Trends in religious service attendance among U.S. adults, among
non-Hispanic black adults
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
NET Monthly or more 69 64 66 69 66 67 64 65 61 62 60 58
Once a week or more 53 47 50 50 47 48 48 48 44 44 44 41
Once/twice a month 16 18 16 19 19 19 16 17 17 18 15 17
NET A few times a year or less 31 35 33 29 32 32 35 34 37 37 39 41
A few times a year 14 18 16 16 17 16 18 17 18 18 18 19
Seldom 12 10 12 9 10 10 10 11 12 11 11 11
Never 5 7 5 4 6 7 6 6 8 9 9 10
Don’t know/refused 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 3,101 3,394 1,119 1,104 1,599 2,565 1,595 2,496 1,703 1,499 1,218 1,111
Note: Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
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Trends in religious service attendance among U.S. adults, among Hispanic adults
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
NET Monthly or more 59 55 55 56 59 55 56 53 58 54 53 51
Once a week or more 42 39 39 39 40 39 39 37 39 37 37 34
Once/twice a month 17 16 16 17 18 16 17 17 18 16 16 16
NET A few times a year or less 40 45 44 44 41 44 43 46 42 45 47 49
A few times a year 15 19 18 22 20 20 20 22 19 19 22 20
Seldom 16 14 15 11 10 13 12 14 12 13 12 14
Never 10 11 10 10 10 11 11 10 11 13 13 15
Don’t know/refused <1 <1 2 <1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 3,151 3,814 1,058 900 1,339 2,321 1,573 2,594 2,063 2,390 1,514 1,487
Note: Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
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Trends in religious service attendance among U.S. adults, among adults in the
Northeast
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
NET Monthly or more 48 42 45 45 44 43 42 42 40 40 39 37
Once a week or more 34 30 32 32 31 30 29 29 26 27 27 25
Once/twice a month 15 12 13 13 14 13 13 13 13 12 12 12
NET A few times a year or less 51 57 54 52 54 56 56 56 59 59 60 61
A few times a year 21 22 21 22 22 22 23 23 22 24 23 22
Seldom 17 19 20 17 17 19 18 18 18 18 17 20
Never 13 16 13 14 15 16 15 16 19 17 20 19
Don’t know/refused 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 6,556 6,516 2,359 1,884 3,010 4,380 2,772 4,334 3,008 2,739 2,117 2,244
Note: Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
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Trends in religious service attendance among U.S. adults, among adults in the
Midwest
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
NET Monthly or more 55 50 54 52 54 53 51 51 48 47 46 45
Once a week or more 39 35 36 36 37 38 35 36 34 33 32 31
Once/twice a month 16 15 17 16 17 15 16 16 15 14 13 14
NET A few times a year or less 44 50 45 46 45 46 47 48 51 52 53 53
A few times a year 19 19 19 20 18 19 20 19 20 21 19 20
Seldom 15 18 16 16 16 15 15 16 16 16 18 16
Never 10 13 11 10 11 12 12 12 15 15 16 17
Don’t know/refused 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 9,078 7,491 3,083 2,564 4,084 5,945 3,625 5,657 3,900 3,305 2,753 2,680
Note: Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
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Trends in religious service attendance among U.S. adults, among adults in the
South
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
NET Monthly or more 61 57 59 60 57 58 56 56 55 54 52 51
Once a week or more 46 41 44 44 41 43 41 40 40 39 38 36
Once/twice a month 15 15 14 15 16 15 15 16 15 15 14 15
NET A few times a year or less 38 43 40 39 41 41 43 43 44 44 47 47
A few times a year 16 18 17 18 19 18 17 18 18 18 19 19
Seldom 14 15 14 13 14 13 14 15 14 14 15 15
Never 8 11 9 8 9 10 11 10 11 12 13 14
Don’t know/refused 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 12,643 12,566 4,669 4,013 6,095 9,226 5,841 9,268 6,648 6,066 4,683 4,850
Note: Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
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Trends in religious service attendance among U.S. adults, among adults in the West
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
NET Monthly or more 48 45 45 48 47 44 45 44 45 43 40 40
Once a week or more 34 32 32 33 32 31 34 32 33 30 28 28
Once/twice a month 14 14 13 15 15 13 12 13 12 13 12 12
NET A few times a year or less 52 54 53 51 51 55 53 54 54 55 59 59
A few times a year 18 19 19 18 18 18 18 19 18 18 21 20
Seldom 20 18 19 17 17 18 18 18 18 18 19 19
Never 14 16 15 16 17 18 17 17 18 19 20 20
Don’t know/refused 1 <1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 7,279 8,498 2,418 2,060 3,296 5,500 3,779 5,751 3,962 3,702 2,969 2,964
Note: Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
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Trends in religious service attendance among U.S. adults, among college graduates
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
NET Monthly or more 56 51 54 54 54 52 51 51 48 48 45 44
Once a week or more 40 36 39 37 37 37 37 36 34 34 31 31
Once/twice a month 16 14 16 16 16 15 14 15 13 14 14 14
NET A few times a year or less 44 49 45 45 45 47 47 49 51 51 54 55
A few times a year 18 19 19 19 18 19 18 19 18 20 19 20
Seldom 15 18 16 14 15 16 16 16 17 15 18 17
Never 10 13 9 12 12 13 13 13 16 16 17 17
Don’t know/refused <1 <1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 12,931 14,695 4,590 3,805 6,212 9,859 6,300 10,270 7,347 6,908 5,873 6,004
Note: Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
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Trends in religious service attendance among U.S. adults, among those with less
than a college degree
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
NET Monthly or more 54 50 51 53 51 51 50 50 49 47 46 45
Once a week or more 39 35 37 38 36 37 36 35 35 33 33 32
Once/twice a month 15 14 14 14 15 14 14 14 14 14 13 13
NET A few times a year or less 45 50 47 46 48 48 49 49 50 51 53 54
A few times a year 18 19 18 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20
Seldom 16 17 17 16 16 16 16 17 16 16 17 17
Never 11 14 12 11 12 14 14 13 15 15 16 17
Don’t know/refused 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 22,367 20,173 7,835 6,658 10,205 15,038 9,630 14,605 10,065 8,787 6,580 6,641
Note: Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
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Trends in religious service attendance among U.S. adults, among Republicans and
those who lean toward the Republican Party
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
NET Monthly or more 64 59 61 62 59 60 57 59 57 56 55 54
Once a week or more 48 44 46 46 44 45 43 44 43 42 41 40
Once/twice a month 16 15 15 16 16 14 14 16 15 14 14 13
NET A few times a year or less 36 41 38 37 40 40 42 40 42 43 44 45
A few times a year 16 17 17 17 18 17 18 18 18 19 19 19
Seldom 12 14 14 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 15
Never 7 9 7 7 8 9 10 9 10 10 10 11
Don’t know/refused <1 <1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 13,366 13,731 5,025 4,477 6,983 10,517 6,771 10,471 7,490 6,610 5,098 5,488
Note: Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
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Trends in religious service attendance among U.S. adults, among Democrats and
those who lean toward the Democratic Party
Religious Landscape
Studies Aggregated political surveys
2007 2014 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018/ 2019
% % % % % % % % % % % %
NET Monthly or more 49 44 47 48 48 46 46 44 42 42 39 38
Once a week or more 34 29 32 33 32 31 31 29 28 28 26 25
Once/twice a month 16 14 15 15 16 15 15 14 14 14 13 14
NET A few times a year or less 50 56 52 51 51 53 53 55 57 57 60 61
A few times a year 20 21 20 21 20 21 21 21 20 21 21 21
Seldom 18 19 18 16 17 17 17 18 18 18 19 19
Never 12 16 13 14 14 16 15 16 19 19 20 21
Don’t know/refused 1 <1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Sample size 16,420 15,682 5,955 4,883 7,686 11,846 7,508 11,694 8,078 7,611 6,284 6,094
Note: Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to rounding.
Source: Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Studies (2007 and 2014). Aggregated Pew Research Center political surveys conducted
2009-July 2019 on the telephone.
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Trends in religious composition and religious attendance among Hispanic U.S. adults from the National Survey of
Latinos
Trends in religious composition of Hispanic U.S. adults
National Survey of Latinos (NSL) from each year
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
% % % % % % % % %
Christian 86 82 81 80 83 80 77 n/a 76
Protestant 18 19 22 23 24 25 22 n/a 26
Catholic 67 62 58 55 58 54 54 n/a 49
Mormon 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 n/a 1
Orthodox Christian <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 0 <1 n/a <1
Non-Christian faiths 2 2 2 1 3 2 3 n/a 2
Jewish <1 <1 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 n/a 1
Muslim <1 0 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 n/a <1
Buddhist 0 <1 <1 <1 <1 1 <1 n/a <1
Hindu 0 0 <1 <1 <1 0 <1 n/a 0
Other 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 n/a 1
Unaffiliated 10 14 13 18 12 17 17 n/a 20
Atheist 1 <1 1 2 1 2 2 n/a 2
Agnostic <1 1 1 1 1 2 3 n/a 3
Nothing in particular 8 13 11 15 10 12 11 n/a 15
Don’t know/refused 3 3 4 <1 2 2 3 n/a 2
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 n/a 100
Sample size 1,375 1,220 1,765 4,080 1,520 1,500 1,507 n/a 1,501
Note: There was no NSL conducted in 2017. Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to
rounding.
Sources: Annual National Survey of Latinos surveys (2010-2018).
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Trends in religious service attendance among Hispanic U.S. adults
National Survey of Latinos (NSL) from each year
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
% % % % % % % % %
NET Monthly or more 59 59 54 57 55 50 49 n/a 47
Once a week or more 40 43 38 40 39 37 32 n/a 34
Once/twice a month 19 16 16 17 16 13 18 n/a 13
NET A few times a year or less 40 39 45 43 44 49 49 n/a 51
A few times a year 20 17 20 18 20 22 20 n/a 21
Seldom 11 12 15 12 15 14 15 n/a 17
Never 8 10 9 12 9 13 14 n/a 13
Don’t know/refused 2 2 1 1 1 <1 1 n/a 1
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 n/a 100
Sample size 1,375 1,220 1,765 5,103 1,520 1,500 1,507 n/a 1,501
Note: There was no NSL conducted in 2017. Figures may not add to 100% or to subtotals indicated due to
rounding.
Sources: Annual National Survey of Latinos surveys (2010-2018).
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