Detroit Health Department Detroit Public Schools Detroit Recreation Department SMARTSMART

Detroit Health DepartmentDetroit Public SchoolsDetroit Recreation Department

SMARTSMARTSMARTSMART

SMARTSMART

Background (Why)Background (Why)

Methods / Approaches (What We Did)Methods / Approaches (What We Did)

Results (What We Found)Results (What We Found)

Conclusions ( What We Think About What We Conclusions ( What We Think About What We Found)Found)

Public Health ImplicationsPublic Health Implications

SMARTSMART

BACKGROUNDBACKGROUND

BackgroundBackgroundYouth Obesity: A Public Health CrisisYouth Obesity: A Public Health Crisis

The Prevalence of increased obesity and overweight among teens The Prevalence of increased obesity and overweight among teens that adverselythat adversely affect the quality of health and academic affect the quality of health and academic performanceperformance

Today, there are nearly twice as many overweight children and Today, there are nearly twice as many overweight children and almost three times as many overweight adolescents as there were almost three times as many overweight adolescents as there were in 1980in 1980..

Increase in Type II diabetes among children, estimated eight timesIncrease in Type II diabetes among children, estimated eight times the pre-1992 levelthe pre-1992 level. .

Overweight in children and adolescents is generally caused by lack Overweight in children and adolescents is generally caused by lack of physical activity, unhealthy eating patterns, or a combination of of physical activity, unhealthy eating patterns, or a combination of the two the two

((2001 Surgeon General's Call to Action)2001 Surgeon General's Call to Action)


Considered a national epidemicConsidered a national epidemic

Threefold increase in overweight children and Threefold increase in overweight children and teens in last two decadesteens in last two decades

Children’s health at further risk due to Children’s health at further risk due to undernourishment.undernourishment.

Sedentary lifestyle compounds problemSedentary lifestyle compounds problem

Unhealthy/sedentary lifestyles result in $100 Unhealthy/sedentary lifestyles result in $100 billion in costs and 300,000 deaths annually billion in costs and 300,000 deaths annually

((U.S. Surgeon General’s Report, 2002U.S. Surgeon General’s Report, 2002))


Increased prevalence of overweight children in Increased prevalence of overweight children in each age groupeach age group

Between 1988-94 and 1999-2000, weight Between 1988-94 and 1999-2000, weight increased by 10% among African American and increased by 10% among African American and Mexican American adolescents!Mexican American adolescents!

15% (1 in 6) of children 6 years and older are 15% (1 in 6) of children 6 years and older are overweight Studyoverweight Study

(Journal of the American Medical Association)(Journal of the American Medical Association)

Prevalence of Overweight Children in Prevalence of Overweight Children in U.S.--NHANESU.S.--NHANES


One third of Michigan school children are overweight. In fact, theyOne third of Michigan school children are overweight. In fact, they are are among the heaviest in the nation. For example, a typical 17-year-old child among the heaviest in the nation. For example, a typical 17-year-old child is 7 pounds heavier than the national average.is 7 pounds heavier than the national average.

One of five African-American girls, one of six African-American boys, and One of five African-American girls, one of six African-American boys, and one of twelve Caucasian children have significantly elevated resting blood one of twelve Caucasian children have significantly elevated resting blood pressures.pressures.

2-4% of Michigan school children have "severely high" blood pressure, 2-4% of Michigan school children have "severely high" blood pressure, compared to a national average of 1%.compared to a national average of 1%.

39% of Michigan children have elevated cholesterol levels compared to a 39% of Michigan children have elevated cholesterol levels compared to a national average of 25%.national average of 25%.

(Kuntzleman C.T. University of Michigan Dept. of Movement Science)(Kuntzleman C.T. University of Michigan Dept. of Movement Science)


Only 22% of male and 19% of female teens Only 22% of male and 19% of female teens meet the minimum average daily goal of at least meet the minimum average daily goal of at least five servings of vegetables and fruits.five servings of vegetables and fruits.

1/3 of students do not receive the recommended 1/3 of students do not receive the recommended amount of both moderate and vigorous physical amount of both moderate and vigorous physical activity during the week.activity during the week.

Younger students were more likely to watch Younger students were more likely to watch three or more hours of television each day on an three or more hours of television each day on an average school day.average school day.

(2001 Youth Risk Behavior Survey Results – Detroit High School Survey)(2001 Youth Risk Behavior Survey Results – Detroit High School Survey)

SMARTSMART

METHODS/APPROACHESMETHODS/APPROACHES

What We DidWhat We DidMethods & ApproachesMethods & Approaches

Brought stakeholders and partners togetherBrought stakeholders and partners together

Committed resources from three district Committed resources from three district bureaucratic organizations to address a common bureaucratic organizations to address a common public health problem adversely impacting teenspublic health problem adversely impacting teens

Enhanced coordination among the local health Enhanced coordination among the local health department and the local school district to department and the local school district to

leverage resources as a mechanism to achieve leverage resources as a mechanism to achieve health and academic goals of studentshealth and academic goals of students

What We DidWhat We DidMethods & Approaches (cont’d)Methods & Approaches (cont’d)

Complied health data from the school-based health centers, Complied health data from the school-based health centers, physical education activity data from the school district and physical education activity data from the school district and geographic recreation service delivery data from the City’s geographic recreation service delivery data from the City’s Recreation DepartmentRecreation Department

Assisted in the development and submission of a Michigan Assisted in the development and submission of a Michigan collaborative grant applicationcollaborative grant application

Participated in the development of a “Coordinated School Participated in the development of a “Coordinated School Health Program (CSHP) for the Detroit Public School DistrictHealth Program (CSHP) for the Detroit Public School District

The SMART initiative will be implemented more effectively The SMART initiative will be implemented more effectively with the infrastructure of CSHPwith the infrastructure of CSHP

What We DidWhat We DidInventory of Programs, Services and SupportsInventory of Programs, Services and Supports

Faith Based InitiativesFaith Based Initiatives

Parks & RecreationsParks & Recreations

Project FRESHProject FRESH

EFNEPEFNEP

Mall-walking Mall-walking

ProgramsPrograms

MDCH Cardiovascular MDCH Cardiovascular Health ProgramHealth Program

Governor’s Council on Governor’s Council on Physical Fitness and Physical Fitness and Health SportsHealth Sports

MoTown in MotionMoTown in Motion

African American African American Health InitiativeHealth Initiative

SMARTSMART

RESULTSRESULTS

What We FoundWhat We FoundResults: Schools’ Critical RoleResults: Schools’ Critical Role

Key environment identified in U.S. Surgeon General’s Key environment identified in U.S. Surgeon General’s

reportreport

Potential significant influencing powerPotential significant influencing power

Extraordinary opportunity to guide and shape healthy Extraordinary opportunity to guide and shape healthy eating and physical activity habitseating and physical activity habits

Key link to parents and communityKey link to parents and community

Growing trend: commercial interests target schools and Growing trend: commercial interests target schools and compete with healthy choices, i.e., vending machinescompete with healthy choices, i.e., vending machines

What We FoundWhat We FoundResultsResults

Youth Risk Behavior SurveyYouth Risk Behavior Survey

Students Eating Habits (9 - 12th graders)Students Eating Habits (9 - 12th graders) Physical Education in SchoolsPhysical Education in Schools Self Reports of Students WeightSelf Reports of Students Weight

School Based Health Center DatSchool Based Health Center Dat

Random Sample Student Chart Review Heights & Weights Random Sample Student Chart Review Heights & Weights

Community / Recreational DataCommunity / Recreational Data

Recommended Time Allotment for Students’ Physical Recommended Time Allotment for Students’ Physical EducationEducation

What We FoundWhat We FoundResults: Recreational/Non-School Hours Results: Recreational/Non-School Hours

Principal SurveyPrincipal Survey

ElementaryElementary

(%)(%)

MiddleMiddle

(%)(%)

HighHigh

(%)(%)

Academic/TutorialAcademic/Tutorial 7979 6565 7979

SportsSports 5858 8383 6767

RecreationalRecreational 3838 2525 88

ComputerComputer 2929 3333 2525

DanceDance 2222 2828 3838

Detroit Public Schools, prepared by Moore & Associates, June 2002Detroit Public Schools, prepared by Moore & Associates, June 2002

What We FoundWhat We FoundResults: 2001 YRBS Results: 2001 YRBS

Detroit High School SurveyDetroit High School Survey

Percent of students who attended physical education (PE) class Percent of students who attended physical education (PE) class dailydaily

GradeGrade PercentagePercentage NumberNumber

99thth 39.439.4 462462

1010thth 26.626.6 473473

1111thth 25.125.1 331331

1212thth 15.415.4 253253

What We FoundWhat We FoundResults: 2001 YRBS Results: 2001 YRBS

Detroit High School SurveyDetroit High School Survey

Percent of students who watched three or more hours of TV per Percent of students who watched three or more hours of TV per day on an average school dayday on an average school day

GradeGrade PercentagePercentage NumberNumber

99thth 62.662.6 535535

1010thth 60.360.3 526526

1111thth 59.359.3 381381

1212thth 54.054.0 289289

Coordinated School Health Program ModelCoordinated School Health Program ModelCoordinated School Health Program ModelCoordinated School Health Program Model

What We FoundWhat We FoundCoordinated School Health Program’s Eight Coordinated School Health Program’s Eight

ComponentsComponents

Health EducationHealth EducationPhysical EducationPhysical EducationHealth ServicesHealth ServicesFamily / Community InvolvementFamily / Community InvolvementMental Health ServicesMental Health ServicesNutrition ServicesNutrition ServicesHealthy School EnvironmentHealthy School EnvironmentHealth Promotion for StaffHealth Promotion for Staff

What We FoundWhat We FoundAchievement Tied to Good HealthAchievement Tied to Good Health

Physical ActivityPhysical ActivityImproves self esteemImproves self esteem

Reduces anxiety and stress in teensReduces anxiety and stress in teens

Documented FactsDocumented FactsGood health and nourishment enhance Good health and nourishment enhance performance on cognitive testingperformance on cognitive testing

Improved tests scores are a result of participation Improved tests scores are a result of participation in school breakfast programin school breakfast program

SMARTSMART

CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

What We Think About What We Found What We Think About What We Found CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS

Big picture realized, however, data gaps remainBig picture realized, however, data gaps remain

Efficient way to leverage existing resources among Efficient way to leverage existing resources among local governmental entities to ensure program local governmental entities to ensure program implementation, program operation and program implementation, program operation and program sustainabilitysustainability

Collaboration is effective Collaboration is effective

Collaboration worksCollaboration works

Partners/stakeholders committed Partners/stakeholders committed

What We Think About What We Found What We Think About What We Found C0nclusions (cont’d)C0nclusions (cont’d)

Obesity problem brought to the forefront and Obesity problem brought to the forefront and able to obtain buy-in from Public Health able to obtain buy-in from Public Health Director, Public Schools CEO and the MayorDirector, Public Schools CEO and the Mayor

The Coordinated School Health Program is a The Coordinated School Health Program is a vehicle to address health initiatives, particularly vehicle to address health initiatives, particularly the prevalence of obesity among school age the prevalence of obesity among school age childrenchildren

SMARTSMART

PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONSPUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS

Compelling Message forCompelling Message forPublic HealthPublic Health

Advocacy and resiliency is needed to reverse Advocacy and resiliency is needed to reverse the obesity epidemic among school age childrenthe obesity epidemic among school age children

National and local resources are required National and local resources are required

Buy-in of the community; students, parents, Buy-in of the community; students, parents, private sector, clergy, businesses, media and private sector, clergy, businesses, media and other stakeholdersother stakeholders

Compelling Message forCompelling Message forPublic HealthPublic Health

Healthy Youth Make Better StudentsHealthy Youth Make Better Students

Better Students Make Healthy CommunitiesBetter Students Make Healthy Communities

Documents

Detroit Health Department Detroit Public Schools Detroit Recreation Department SMARTSMART