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DHCP & DHCP RELAY AGENT

: Tr P m Lp : CT0902

g Lo g o V

MSSV : 09CD65044 MSSV : 09CD65017

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CU

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D CP V D CP RELA A ENT

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T QU T V D CP & D CP RELA A ENT

1. Gii thiu DHCP DHCP l ch vit tt ca Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol: Giao thc cu hnh host ng DHCP c thit k lm gim thi gian chnh cu hnh cho mng TCP/IP bng cch gn cc a ch IP cho khch hng khi h vo mng. DHCP tp trung vic qun l IP cc my tnh trung tm chy cc chng trnh DHCP. Mc d c th gn a ch IP vnh vin cho bt c my tnh no trn mng, DHCP cho php gn t ng. khch c th nhn a ch IP t my ch DHCP, khai bo cu hnh khch nhn a ch t ng t mt my ch. Ty chn ny xut hin trong vng khai bo cu hnh TCP/IP ca a s h iu hnh. Mt khi ty chn ny c thit lp, khch c th thu mt a ch IP t my ch DHCP bt c lc no. Phi c t nht mt my ch DHCP trn mng. Sau khi ci t DHCP, to mt phm vi DHCP (scope), l vng cha cc a ch IP trn my ch, v my ch cung cp a ch IP trong vng ny. DHCP l mt thun li rt ln i vi ngi iu hnh mng. N lm yn tm v cc vn c hu pht sinh khi phi khai bo cu hnh th cng. Hy xem bng so snh di y bit

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DHCP lm nh bt cng vic nh th no: Khng c DHCP: Khi cu hnh th cng, phi gn a ch cho mi my trm trn mng. Ngi dng phi gi n bit a ch IP v khng mun ph thuc vo h cu hnh a ch IP. Cu hnh nhiu a ch IP c kh nng dn n li, rt kh theo di v s dn n li truyn thng trn mng. Cui cng s ht a ch IP i vi mng con no hoc i vi ton mng nu khng qun l cn thn cc a ch IP cp pht. Do phi thay i a ch IP my trm nu n chuyn sang mng con khc. Ngi dng di ng i t ni ny n ni khc, c nhu cu thay i a ch IP nu h ni vi mng con khc trn mng. C DHCP: My ch DHCP t ng cho ngi dng thu a ch IP khi h vo mng. V ch cn c t phm vi cc a ch c th cho thu ti my ch DHCP v s khng b ai quy ry v nhu cu bit a ch IP. DHCP t ng qun l cc a ch IP v loi b c cc li c th lm mt lin lc. N t ng gn li cc a ch cha c s dng. DHCP cho thu a ch trong mt khong thi gian, c ngha l nhng a ch ny s cn dng c cho cc h thng khc v him khi b ht a ch. DHCP t ng gn a ch IP thch hp vi mng con cha my trm ny. Cng vy, DHCP t ng gn a ch cho ngi dng di ng ti mng con h kt ni. Trnh t thu a ch IP, DHCP l mt giao thc Internet c ngun gc BOOTP (bootstrap protocol), c dng cu hnh cc trm khng a. DHCP khai thc u im ca giao thc truyn tin v cc k thut khai bo cu hnh c nh ngha trong BOOTP, trong c kh nng gn a ch. S tng t ny cng cho php cc b nh tuyn hin nay chuyn tip cc thng ip BOOTP gia cc mng con cng c th chuyn tip cc thng ip DHCP. V th, my ch DHCP c th nh a ch IP cho nhiu mng con. 2. Gii thiu DHCP Relay Agent DHCP Relay Agent l b trung chuyn DHCP Discover (hoc DHCP Request) n DHCP Server. DHCP Relay Agent cho php forward cc truy vn ca DHCP Client n DHCP server v tr li IP cho Clients (lm nhim v nh Proxy). Trong trng hp DHCP Client v DHCP Server khng nm cng subnet v c kt ni qua b nh tuyn (router) th cn phi c gii php cho php truy vn t DHCP Client vt qua router n DHCP Server. DHCP Relay Agent (tc nhn chuyn tip DHCP) c dng choTrang 3

mc ch ny. DHCP Relay Agent l mt thc th trung gian cho php chuyn tip (relay) cc DHCP Discover (hoc DHCP Request), m thng b chn ngay router, t DHCP Client n DHCP Server. 3. Hot ng ca giao thc DHCP. Giao thc DHCP lm vic theo m hnh Client/Server. Theo , qu trnh tng tc gia DHCP Client v Server din ra theo cc bc sau: u tin my Client cha c IP s broadcasts n tt c cc my trong h thng mng mt gi tin l DHCPDISCOVER yu cu cp pht IP. Mc d tt c mc my u nhn thy yu cu ny nhng duy ch c my DHCP Server mi tr li cho my Client yu cu. Khi n s gi mt gi tin DHCPOFFER broadcasts n tt c cc my Client trong h thng mng xem IP m n sp gn cho Client yu cu c hp l hay khng. Tuy nhin ch c mi my Client yu cu a ch IP mi hi p m thi, khi s broadcasts mt gi tin mi l DHCPREQUEST n tt c cc my trong h thng mng xin c thu IP ny. Sau khi c gn IP mi thnh cng my Client ny tip tc broadcasts n tt c cc my trong h thng mng mt gi tin mi l DHCPACK nhm thng bo l n ang s dng IP ny. Ngoi ra DHCP cn truyn theo giao thc Unicast, DHCP s Unicast li cho DHCP Replay Agent mt a ch IP no v n lp tc gn IP cho my Client yu cu.

. C C BC T C Cu hnh DHCP

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Cu hnh DHCP Relay Agent Th nghim h thng.

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CU u tin, ta click vo

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D CP SERVER

Start -> Control Pannel -> Add or Remove Programes-> Add/Remove Windows Components. Check vo Networking Services, ri chn Details

Hp thoi Windows Component Hp thoi mi m ra, check vo Dynamic Host Configuration Protoclol (DHCP), nhn OK

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Chn DHCP Ch cho n khi hon thnh ri nhn Next n bc cu hnh scope cho DHCP, ta vo Start -> Administrator Tools -> DHCP

Hp thoi DHCP Cu hnh scope, chut phi vo New Scope

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To scope Hp thoi Scope Name, mc Name o ub e A

Hp thoi Scope Name Hp thoi IP Address Range Start IP Address: 162.168.1.100Trang 7

End IP Address: 162.168.1.200

Lit k IP u v cui n hp thoi Add Exclusions, cho bit IP no s loi ra khi nhm IP ch nh. Cc IP ny dng cho cc my tnh dng IP tnh hoc cho mc ch no ( trng theo mc nh) ri bm Next

Chn IP s b loi ra Ti hp thoi Lease Duration cho bit thi gian cc my trm c th s dng IP ny. TheoTrang 8

mc nh, mt client s c lm mi a ch khi s dng c phn na thi gian cho php, mc nh l 8 ngy ri nhn Next Trong hp thoi Configure DHCP Options, check vo mc Yes, I want to Configure these options now ng cu hnh cc ty chn ph bin v nhn Next

Cu hinh ty chn ph bin K n hp thoi Router (Default Gateway), cho bit a ch IP ca default gateway m cc my DHCP client s dng. Trong mc IP Address in 162.168.1.2 ri nhn Add. Nhn Next tip tc

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IP m my DHCP client s dng Hp thoi Domain Name and DNS Servers cho bit tn domain m cc my DHCP client s s dng, ng thi cho bit a ch IP ca DNS server dng phn gii tn, in vo IP address:162.168.2.2 ri Add. Nhn Next tip tc

Domain DHCP s dng n hp thoi WINS Servers trng theo mc nh ri nhn Next

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Tip theo, hp thoi Activate Scope, check vo mc Yes, I want to activate this scope now. Nhn Next

Kch hot scopeTrang 11

Trong hp thoi Complete the New Scope Wizad, nhn Finish kt thc

Ta c DHCP sau khi hon thnh

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DHCP RELAY AGENT Vo Start -> Program -> Administrator Tool -> Routing and Remote Access. Click phi vo tn my chn Configure and Enable Routing.

Cu hnh RRAS Chn Next, chn Custom configuration

Hp thoi Configuration

Trong hp thoi Custom Configuration, chn tip LAN RoutingTrang 13

Nhn Next tip tc cc bc sau

Cui cng, nhn Finish kt thc Chn IP Routing -> General , click phi chn New Routing Protocol

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Trong hp thoi New Routing Protocol, chn DHCP Relay Agent

Chn DHCP Relay Agent, chn New Interface

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Chn card mng mun ni vi subnet mun cp, y l card mng ni vi Switch 2

Chn Switch 2 mc nh ri nhn OKTrang 16

Tip theo click chut phi vo DHCP Relay Agent chn Properties

DHCP Relay AgentTrang 17

Ti Server address, g IP ca DHCP Server. Nhn Add ri chn OK hon thnh

IP DHCP Server Bc tip theo ta cu hnh Static Route. Click chut phi chn New Static Route

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Static Route Static Route trn my DHCP Relay Agent 1, Switch 1: 172.10.10.1

Thit lp IP Switch 1 Ngoi cu hnh Static Route ta cng c th thit lp giao thc RIP cho cc route t thit lp bng chn ng

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Chn mc General -> New Routing Protocol

New Routing Protocol Chn RIP Version 2 for Internet Protocol. Ri OK

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Giao thc RIP Trong mc RIP -> New Interface chn card Switch 1

Chn tab Neighbors, g vo a ch mng cn n 10.10.10.0Trang 21

Tab Neighbor

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Vo Run -> ipconfig /release xa ton b a ch v ipconfig /renew cp pht a ch mi

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