Diabetic Diet Menu Application Design Rosaline Surya Dewi

Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Soegijapranata Catholic University Semarang, Indonesia

claudia_d3w1@yahoo.com

Ridwan Sanjaya Faculty of Computer Science, Soegijapranata Catholic University

Semarang, Indonesia ridwan.sanjaya@gmail.com

Abstract- The workload and pressures of life often cause people have an unhealthy lifestyle, such as irregular eating habits, sleep deprivation, lack of exercise, stress, and increased consumption of instant food and fast foods that contain lots of fat and sugar. As a result, these people might get diabetes indicated by high blood sugar levels due to malfunction of the hormone insulin in their body as the controller of blood sugar levels.

Ideally, people who have diabetes should maintain their food consumption for their healthy. Commonly they tend to eat the similar foods with less carbohydrates to avoid the increasing the sugar levels. But they are often too afraid to try a variety of foods. In fact, a lot of food can be eaten without having to worry about sugar contents. However, they must have information and knowledge to vary the foods for sugar levels remains safe for them.

This paper proposes an application which is able to facilitate people with diabetes to serve and enjoy their food safely. The application will provide a series of healthy food according the needs of carbohydrates per person. The logic to prepare the solution on this application will be described in this paper.

Keywords- application, diabetes, diet, insulin, sugar, unhealthy lifestyle

I. INTRODUCTION Many pressures and the high

demands of life can make a person works beyond the limit of their capacity. Those will create stress and decrease their quality of life.

The unhealthy lifestyle such as irregular eating habits, eating high-calorie fast food, smoking, lack of sleep, and often consume alcoholic beverages can create various diseases, one of them is diabetes [6].

Diabetes is a degenerative disease, in which there is some interferences in the body metabolism of carbohydrate, fats, proteins, and also body’s inability to produce insulin in sufficient quantities or the body does not produce insulin at all [8,3]

Insulin is one kind of hormone whose functions to control the sugar blood or glucose. The value of insulin is still in the normal range when it is about 80 - <110 mg/dl in the fasting state or 110 - < 160 g/dl after meal [3].

Currently, there are many researches in diabetes. According to research by National Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion whose respondents aged 20 years to ≥ 65 years in United States in 2010, it is known that 1.9 million people aged 20 or older get diabetes [7].

Various complications illnesses can be caused by this disease, such as heart attack, stroke, high blood pressure, blindness, kidney disease, problems with

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dental, as well as complications in pregnancy [2]. It is concluded that diabetes is a problem that needs to be controlled seriously.

The controlling ways are by diet, the provision of medicines, and also regular exercise [3]. Some of the actions have aims to keep the sugar levels of the blood in normal condition.

For the diabetic, strict diet is very important. The error on the diet will cause increased blood sugar levels. However, a constraint faced to dietary restriction is frightened patient to try some new food, so their menu does not varied.

To solve the problem, there are many diabetic menus, both in a book and electronic media that also equipped with information of nutritional content, such as carbohydrate, proteins, fats, fiber, and other. However, thought it was given many diabetic menus, sometimes people still confused to arrange the menu.

Therefore, this paper will design the application to prepare diabetic menu which in the preparation will be note the amount of daily calories needed per patient. This application is expected to facilitate people with diabetes and some people involved in the preparation of meals. Even though there is exercised restriction diet, the menu will always varied and interesting.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW Diabetes mellitus is a disease marked

by high blood glucose levels caused by damage to the insulin production system. Diabetes can be classified into 2 types, namely diabetes type 1 and diabetes type 2. When the body does not produce insulin, it called diabetes type 1. When the body produces insulin but can not use insulin well, it called diabetes type 2.

Diabetes is not a disease which only attacks the elderly, but also young people. Typically, young people get diabetes type 1, while diabetes type 2 suffered by people aged over 40 years [8]. Here are the results

of research on people with diabetes by age, from 0 year old to 80+ years old that performed in 2000 globally.

Fig. 1 Global Diabetic in 2000 by age and sex

In Indonesia, according to research that has been done, it is known that the number of people with diabetes in 2000 was 8.4 million people and estimated in 2030. Those numbers will increase to 21.3 million. It can be seen in table I [9].

TABLE I 10 COUNTRIES WITH THE NUMBER OF

DIABETIC

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease

that can not be cured completely. So that a longlife treatment for the diabetic needs to be done [10]. Treatment can be carried out include dining arrangements or diet, physical exercise or sports, drug consumption or insulin injections and monitoring blood glucose levels [1].

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Diabetic Diet Menu Application Design

Diet arrangement for diabetics is important. Total energy needs that enters the body should be adjusted to the amount of energy that must be removed due to excess amount of incoming energy in the body will be stored as fat, so that more energy can be stored will lead to obesity [4]

Nutritional needs of diabetic can be divided into 6 groups, as shown in Figure 2. The quantity of each of these groups varied from each other based on their needs by the body. The biggest part is the group of carbohydrates consisting of bread, grains, and various types of starch. While the smallest part is the group of fats, oils and sweeteners. It means that fat consumption should be lower than the consumption carbohydrates [5].

Fig. 2 Diabetic Menu Diet

There are several methods used to calculate the number of calories needed by diabetics. One of those methods is using the table based on the different activities undertaken, as in table II below [4]:

TABLE II CALORIE NEEDS BASED ON DIABETES

ACTIVITIES AND BODY SHAPE

To calculate the ideal weight can be

done using a modified formula Brocca [4]:

Ideal weight=90%x(height in cm-100)x1 kg

But, for the man with the height under 160cm and woman under 150 cm, or for those ages over 40 years, ideal weight calculation can be seen below:

Ideal weight = (height in cm - 100) x 1 kg

Another method is using the categorization based on the patient's body. For patients who have a slim body, they need 2300-2500 calories/day. Patients that have normal body calories need 1700-2100 calories/day. Then, the patients that have big body need 1300-1500 calories/day [4].

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

There are many things that can link between food and health fields with the field of information technology. One of these relationships is an application designed for preparing meals for diabetics. This design is made with the aim to make easy the user in the preparation of their diet based on the daily calories needed. The daily calories needed is calculated using the formula Brocca

The preparation is very important because of excessive calorie consumption can raise levels of blood sugar. Basically, normal human blood sugar levels about 80 - <110 mg/dl in the fasting state or 110 - <160 g/dl after a meal [3]. If the body's blood sugar levels exceed these limits, the person will have diabetes.

Diabetes can be caused by several things, such as genetic factors, and also due to lifestyle of the people who have changed. The change are an sleep deprivation, less

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exercise habits, stress, and diet shift in society from a traditional diet that contains lots of carbohydrates and fiber from vegetables to the diet of western culture such as fast food meals that contain too much protein, fat, sugar salt and a little fiber[10].

For someone who is verdict as a diabetic and if they have not to accept the fact that he is diabetic, they usually will show a variety of changes in behavior and feelings such as feeling depressed, fear, anxiety, demanding to be treated other people unnecessarily, and to develop attitudes of hostility [10].

Actually fear is not only experienced by patients only, but also families or people who care for them, so it is not uncommon, in the selection of food, they are afraid to try new things and provide food that is not varied for diabetics.

Sometimes, patients experience bored with their daily food, but they will be afraid too if they follow their desires in terms of food. This of course will impact the psychological condition of the patient.

Although he has many outstanding food and beverage menu for diabetics, either in the form of books, or in electronic form. But this is not enough to resolve the issue. Patients or caregivers are often confused in choosing food menus. They must calculate and adjust the calorie intake in the food with the calories needed by the patient.

When the program is running, users will be given referrals to fill data height, weight, their activities, and also body shape that is useful to calculate calories needed. After the program run the calculations on the number of calories needed by a formula based Brocca, it will display various combinations of daily diet in accordance with the condition of the patient.

IV. CONCLUSIONS Diabetic often feel stressed by their

condition since suffering a chronic disease that can not be cured completely and require

a strict order to control the condition of the body to always be in normal condition. The use of compiler design diets for people with diabetes is expected to be able to assist and facilitate in diabetics and other people involved in the preparation of daily food menu.

The application will provide the solution of menu that can be consumed by the patients based on their data height, weight, their activities, and body shape. Those data will be used to calculate the need of calories per day. It will be compared to the database of menu in the application. Each menu has a varied composition of foods that has a certain amount of calories. As the result, the application will show some daily menu based on the comparison.

REFERENCES [1] Darmono. (2005). Pengaturan Pola Hidup

Penderita Diabetes Untuk Mencegah Komplikasi Kerusakan Organ-Organ Tubuh (Arrangement of Diabetic Lifestyle to Prevent Damage to the Body). [Online]. Available: http://eprints.undip.ac.id/331/1/Darmono.pdf. [Accessed May 14, 2011]

[2] Departement of Health and Human Services. (2004). National Diabetes Fact Sheet. [Online]. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/pdf/ndfs_2003.pdf. [Accessed May 13, 2011]

[3] Direktur Gizi Masyarakat. (2003). Peran DIIT Dalam Penanggulangan Diabetes (DIIT Roles for Diabetes Prevention). [Online]. Available: http://gizi.net/makalah/Makalah%20Pekan%20DM.PDF. [Accessed May 13, 2011]

[4] Hiswani. (2011). Peranan Gizi dalam Diabetes Mellitus (Role of Nutrition in Diabetes Mellitus). [Online]. Available: http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/3720/1/fkm-hiswani4.pdf. [Accessed May 9, 2011]

[5] Federal Bureau of Prison. (2010). Management of Diabetes. [online]. Available: http://www.bop.gov/news/PDFs/diabetes.pdf. [Accessed May 9, 2011]

[6] H. Shinya. (2007). The Miracle of Enzyme. PT. Mizan Pustaka.

[7] National Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2011). National Diabetes Fact Sheet 2011. [Online]. Available:

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http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/pdf/ndfs_2011.pdf. [Accessed May 14, 2011]

[8] National Kidney Foundation. (2007).Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease. [Online]. Available: http://www.kidney.org/atoz/pdf/diabetes.pdf. [Accessed May 13, 2011]

[9] S. Wild. (2004).Global Prevalence of Diabetes. [Online]. Available: http://www.who.int/diabetes/facts/en/diabcare0504.pdf. [Accessed May 14, 2011]

[10] W. Ambarwati, (2006). Hubungan Antara Persepsi Dukungan Sosial dengan Tingkat Kecemasan pada Penderita Diabetes Mellitus (Relationship between Perceptions of Social Support with Level of Anxiety in Diabetes Mellitus Patients). [Online]. Available: http://isjd.pdii.lipi.go.id/admin/jurnal/102087073.pdf. [Accessed May 14, 2011]

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