Diet and Culture Asian Diet American Diet French Diet Middle Eastern Diet

Diet and Culture

•Asian Diet•American Diet•French Diet•Middle Eastern Diet

Diet and Culture

Asian Diets

Juliana Yee

This is the U.S. Food Guide Pyramid developed by the USDA.

Especially note differences such as the placement of Meat on the pyramid, as well as Fats, Oils and Sweets.

Research shows:Research shows:

Plant-based rural diets Plant-based rural diets

in Asia are linked to in Asia are linked to

lower rates of certainlower rates of certain

cancers, heart disease, cancers, heart disease,

obesity and osteoporosis.obesity and osteoporosis.

Rice, Noodles, Bread, Millet, Rice, Noodles, Bread, Millet, Corn and other Whole GrainsCorn and other Whole Grains

Rice provides 25 to 80 percent of calories in the daily diet of 2.7 billion Asians

The percentage of starch component amylose preferred by Japan, Korea, Taiwan and China: 10-18% (low)

Red Yeast RiceRed Yeast Rice

Heart-Healthy Benefits:

• lowers levels of LDL (bad cholesterol)

• Increases levels of HDL (good cholesterol)

• Lowers levels of triglycerides (unhealthy fats)

Active Ingredient: Mevinolin.

Restricts the liver’s production of cholesterol. Also, Mevinolin is chemically identical to the cholesterol-lowering compound lovastatin, which is sold as the prescription drug Mevacor.

Fruits, Legumes and Vegetables

The main sources of protein in the traditional Asian diet

Also contribute to fiber, vitamins and minerals

Legumes offer a variety of beneficial isoflavones (primarily found in soybeans) which promote bone health and reduces risk of both cardiovascular disease and some forms of cancer.

Dairy• Generally consumed in low amounts in

diets of east and south Asia.

• The plant-based, dairy-free diets of much of Asia are associated with low incidence of osteoporosis

• Asians are generally intolerant to milk

Health Benefits: Green Tea

• A natural phytochemical in tea, called EGCG, can block several enzymes necessary for the reproduction of cancer cells.

• Polyphenols in tea can inhibit cell damage linked with cancers of the skin, lung, colon, liver and pancreas.

Nutrition in America

By Alese A.

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Food Guide Pyramid

• An outline of what to eat each day for good health

• Focuses on fat and sugar• Conveys 3 main

messages:– Eat a variety of food

in each group– Balance food intake– Eat in moderation

Proteins• Function

– Builds and maintains tissues

– Muscles, organs, and some hormones

• Examples– Eggs, dairy

products, meat, nuts, beans

• Amino acids– Essential amino acids

• Must be supplied from foods

• Limiting reactant• Complete proteins

– Meats and dairy products

• Complementary proteins– Fruits and vegetables

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Proteins (Continued)• Recommended daily

allowances– 0.42 g/lb body

weight

• Excess protein– Common in US

• Protein deficiency– Abnormalities of

growth

Carbohydrates• Function

– Chief source of energy for all body functions and muscular exertion

• Complex– Whole grains,

fruits, vegetables• Simple

– Sugar and white flour

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Carbohydrates (cont)• Atkins diet

– Little amount of carbohydrates consumed

– Stored glycogen is broken down for energy• Water is released

and excreted• Recommended daily

values– 60% of daily

Calories

Fats• Function• Saturated• Unsaturated

– Monounsaturated– Polyunsaturated

• Hydrogenation

• Examples– Meat, poultry, fish,

dairy products• Recommended daily

allowance– 30% of daily

Calories• Actual daily amount

– 40% of daily Calories

Nutrition-related Diseases• Heart Disease

– 25% of Americans have a cardiovascular disease

• Causes– High blood

pressure, increased weight, and high cholesterol levels

• Heart-Healthy diet– Low in sodium,

cholesterol, and fat

• Obesity– Leading cause of

preventable death • 64% are

overweight• 30% are obese

• Obese children– Less exercise,

more fattening foods

• Risk for heart disease, heart failure, stroke, cancer

French Diet

By John B.

Typical French DietTypical French Diet-Potatoes

-Some meats and “charcuterie”

-Poultry

-Breads

-A variety of Cheeses

-Vegetables

Meals often include a small green salad, and finish with cheese as dessert.

Wealthy French diet

Rich and creamy sauces Pastries Sweets Fats Cheeses Breads Pates Wine

A typical meal served in American “French” restaurants is very similar to that consumed by the wealthier classes.

French TraditionsFrench Traditions

-Breads, Crossants and

Pastries

-Strong coffee

-Wine

-France is probably more famous for its wines than any other country in the world.

French Food Pyramid

It is very similar to the American Food Pyramid

Middle-Eastern Diet

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By Katy W.

Primary Religions in the Middle-East

6%

17%

74%

3%

Christian JewishMuslim Other

While looking into the Middle-Eastern diet, I decided to explore the effect of religion on diet. In some religions there are dietary laws prohibiting certain foods. In Jewish and Muslim dietary laws, the main restriction is pork. Since the majority of the Middle-Eastern population consists of Muslims and Jews, my main focus became this question: what are the benefits and disadvantages of a diet without pork?




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Nutrient Function Food SourceProtein Builds and repairs

body tissue Builds antibodies

Meat, fish, poultry,eggs, dairy products,seeds, nuts

Carbohydrate Supplies energy Assists in use of fats

Bread, cereals, pasta,rice, potatoes, fruits,table sugars, syrup

Vitamin C Builds healthy gumsand teeth

Helps maintain strongvessel walls

Promotes woundhealing

Boosts body’simmune system

Citrus fruits, broccoli,cauliflower, greenpepper, strawberries,potatoes

Vitamin A Necessary for growthand repair

Helps maintainhealthy skin

Protects mucousmembranes

Organ meats, eggyolk, dark green leafyor yellow vegetables,apricots, peaches,tomatoes, milk

Vitamin D Promotes body’sabsorption of calcium

Vitamin D milk, organmeats, salmon, tuna,eggs

Vitamin E Protects fat in bodytissues from oxidation

Vegetable oil, eggyolk

Calcium Maintains strongbones and teeth

Promotes healthynerve function andnormal blood clotting

Milk and milkproducts, mackerel,oysters, soybeans,tofu, nuts, seeds

Iron Ensures effectiveoxygen flow

Organ meats, redmeats, dried fruits

Zinc Maintains healthyimmune system

Shellfish, meat, fish,poultry, nuts, eggs,soy products, wholegrains, seeds andsprouts

Fiber Insoluble Fiber~promotes regularity

Soluble Fiber~ helpsdecrease cholesterol

Wheat bran, wholegrains, rye bread,whole wheat bread

Oates, beans, somevegetables, whitebread, pasta

Magnesium Builds and maintainsstrong bones

Helps energymetabolism and tissueformation

Nuts, soy beans,whole grains,shellfish, spinach,liver, beef




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Food Pyramid Differences

Look at the differences in theAmerican food pyramid, Arabic foodpyramid, and the Mediterranean foodpyramid. Notice how the meats on theMediterranean pyramid are located ontop of the pyramid, where the sweets arelocated on the American and Arabic pyramidsAlso observe that in the Mediterraneanpyramid it has its own separate sections forbeans and nuts, olive oil, cheese and yogurt,fish, poultry, eggs, and sweets. Arabic Food Pyramid

American Food Pyramid

Notice how the Arabic foodpyramid is almost identical tothe American pyramid.Although some of the foodsin the boxes vary fromculture to culture, theirnutritional value is the same.

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Pork Versus Beef, Chicken, and Lamb

Beef:

More: iron, magnesium, phosphorous, sodium, zinc,potassium, copper, manganese, folate, vitamin B-12

Less: calcium, selenium, vitamin C, thiamin, ribiflavin, niacin,vitamin B-6, vitamin A, retinol, vitamin E

Lamb:

More: iron, sodium, copper, manganese, niacin, vitamin B-12

Less: protein, calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium,selenium, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B-6, folate,vitamin A, retinol

Chicken:

More: protein, calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus,potassium, sodium, copper, niacin, thiamin, vitamin B-6,folate, vitamin A, retinol, vitamin E

Less: zinc, manganese, selenium, vitamin C, riboflavin,vitamin B-12









Spices











The Middle-East consists of mainly third world countries. Because of this lack of wealth, many people cannot afford to buy food in large quantities as Americans do so often. In order to make their food last longer, they use methods of food preservation, including smoking, salting, spicing, and candying. These methods not only help prevent the food from spoiling, but cover up the rancid taste when it does. This prevents enzyme reactions and microbial growth by the addition of certain chemicals.

Bibliography

http://personalhealthzone.com

http//:www.nationmaster.com

http//:www.oldwayspt.org

http//:www.semda.org

http//:www.meatandhealth.co/uk/

http//:www.nms.ca/elementary/know_your_nutrients.html

http//:www.jewfaq.org

http//:www.sitesatlas.com

Bibliography• Encarta Encyclopedia• http://kidshealth.org• http://www.sacbee.com• http://www.mamashealth.com• http://health.discovery.com• http://www.chasefreedom.com• http://www.dietsite.com

Bibliography cont’d.• www.News.cornell.edy/science/Dec95/st.Asianpyramid.htm• www.oldwayspt.org/pyramids/asian/p_asian.html• www.gicare.com/pated/edtot36.htm• http://msnbc.msn.com/id/3541337• www.llu.edu/llu/nutrition/program/research1.htm• www.nnfa.org/services/science/bg_redyeastrice.htm• www.breastcancer.org/green_tea.html• www.multiculturalhealth.org• www.ianr.unl.edu/kendrick/411/people-S00.html

Documents

Diet and Culture Asian Diet American Diet French Diet Middle Eastern Diet