CHAPTER 3 Postsecondary Education

Postsecondary education includes an array of diverse educational experiences offered by American colleges and universities and technical and vocational institutions. For example, a community college may offer vocational training or the first 2 years of training at the college level. A univer-sity typically offers a full undergraduate course of study leading to a bachelor’s degree, as well as first-professional and graduate programs leading to advanced degrees. Voca-tional and technical institutions offer training programs that are designed to prepare students for specific careers.

This chapter provides an overview of the latest statistics on postsecondary education, which includes academic, career and technical, and continuing professional education programs after high school. However, to maintain compara-bility over time, most of the data in the Digest are for degree-granting institutions, which are defined as postsecondary institutions that grant an associate’s or higher degree and whose students are eligible to participate in the Title IV fed-eral financial aid programs.1 Degree-granting institutions include almost all 2- and 4-year colleges and universities; they exclude institutions offering only career and technical programs of less than 2 years’ duration and continuing edu-cation programs. The degree-granting institution classifica-tion is very similar to the higher education institution classification that the National Center for Education Statis-tics (NCES) used prior to 1996–97.2 This chapter highlights historical data that enable the reader to observe long-range trends in college education in America.

Other chapters provide related information on postsec-ondary education. Data on price indexes and on the number of degrees held by the general population are shown in

1 Title IV programs, which are administered by the U.S. Department of Education, provide financial aid to postsecondary students. 2 Included among degree-granting institutions are some institutions (primar-ily 2-year colleges) that were not previously designated as higher education institutions. Excluded from degree-granting institutions are a few institutions that were previously designated as higher education institutions even though they did not award an associate’s or higher degree. Institutions of higher edu-cation were accredited by an agency or association that was recognized by the U.S. Department of Education, or recognized directly by the Secretary of Education. Institutions of higher education offered courses that led to an associate’s or higher degree, or were accepted for credit towards a degree.

chapter 1. Chapter 4 contains tabulations on federal fund-ing for postsecondary education. Information on employ-ment outcomes for college graduates is shown in chapter 5. Chapter 7 contains data on college libraries as well as non-postsecondary educational opportunities for adults. Further information on survey methodologies is presented in Appendix A: Guide to Sources and in the publications cited in the table source notes.

Enrollment Enrollment in degree-granting institutions increased by

9 percent between 1989 and 1999 (table 197 and figure 11). Between 1999 and 2009, enrollment increased 38 percent, from 14.8 million to 20.4 million. Much of the growth between 1999 and 2009 was in full-time enrollment; the number of full-time students rose 45 percent, while the num-ber of part-time students rose 28 percent. During the same time period, the number of females rose 40 percent, while the number of males rose 35 percent. Enrollment increases can be affected both by population growth and by rising rates of enrollment. Between 1999 and 2009, the number of 18- to 24-year-olds increased from 26.7 million to 30.4 mil-lion, an increase of 14 percent (table 20), and the percentage of 18- to 24-year-olds enrolled in college rose from 36 per-cent in 1999 to 41 percent in 2009 (table 212). In addition to enrollment in accredited 2-year colleges, 4-year colleges, and universities, about 472,000 students attended non-degree-granting, Title IV eligible, postsecondary institutions in fall 2008 (table 195).

In recent years, the percentage increase in the number of students age 25 and over has been larger than the percentage increase in the number of younger students, and this pattern is expected to continue (table 199 and figure 13). Between 2000 and 2009, the enrollment of students under age 25 increased by 27 percent. Enrollment of students 25 and over rose 43 percent during the same period. From 2010 to 2019, NCES projects a rise of 9 percent in enrollments of students under 25, and a rise of 23 percent in enrollments of students 25 and over.

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Enrollment trends have differed at the undergraduate and postbaccalaureate levels (which include graduate and first-professional programs). Undergraduate enrollment gener-ally increased during the 1970s, but dipped from 10.8 mil-lion to 10.6 million between 1983 and 1985 (table 213). From 1985 to 1992, undergraduate enrollment increased each year, rising 18 percent before stabilizing between 1992 and 1998. Undergraduate enrollment rose 39 percent between 1999 and 2009. Postbaccalaureate enrollment had been steady at about 1.6 million in the late 1970s and early 1980s, but rose about 73 percent between 1985 and 2009 (table 214).

Since 1988, the number of females in postbaccalaureate programs has exceeded the number of males (table 214). Between 1999 and 2009, the number of male full-time post-baccalaureate students increased by 36 percent, compared with a 63 percent increase in the number of females. Among part-time postbaccalaureate students, the number of males increased by 14 percent and the number of females increased by 26 percent.

Eleven percent of undergraduates reported having a dis-ability in 2007–08, similar to the percentage in 2003–04 (table 240). In 2007–08, the percentages of undergraduates who were male (43 percent) and female (57 percent) were the same for undergraduates reporting disabilities as for those not reporting disabilities. There were some differences in characteristics such as race/ethnicity, age, dependency status, and veteran status between undergraduates reporting disabilities and those without disabilities in 2007–08. For example, White students made up a larger percentage of undergraduates reporting disabilities than of undergraduates without disabilities (66 percent vs. 61 percent). Undergradu-ates under age 24 made up a smaller percentage of those reporting disabilities than of those not reporting disabilities (54 percent vs. 60 percent). A smaller percentage of under-graduates who reported disabilities than of those without disabilities were dependents (47 percent vs. 54 percent). About 4 percent of undergraduates who reported disabilities were veterans, compared with 3 percent of those who did not report disabilities.

The percentage of American college students who are Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Black has been increasing (table 235). From 1976 to 2009, the percentage of Hispanic students rose from 3 percent to 12 percent, the per-centage of Asian/Pacific Islander students rose from 2 per-cent to 7 percent, and the percentage of Black students rose from 9 percent to 14 percent. During the same period, the percentage of White students fell from 83 percent to 62 per-cent. Nonresident aliens, for whom race/ethnicity is not reported, made up 3 percent of the total enrollment in 2009.

Despite the sizable numbers of small degree-granting col-leges, most students attend larger colleges and universities. In fall 2009, some 39 percent of institutions had fewer than 1,000 students; however, these campuses enrolled 4 percent of all college students (table 244). While 13 percent of the campuses enrolled 10,000 or more students, they accounted for 59 percent of total college enrollment.

In 2009, the five postsecondary institutions with the high-est enrollment were University of Phoenix, Online Campus, with 380,232 students; Kaplan University, with 71,011 stu-dents; Arizona State University, with 68,064 students; Miami-Dade College, with 59,120 students; and Ohio State University, with 55,014 (table 246).

Faculty, Staff, and Salaries Approximately 3.7 million people were employed in col-

leges and universities in fall 2009, including 2.8 million pro-fessional and 0.9 million nonprofessional staff (table 255). In fall 2009, there were 1.4 million faculty members in degree-granting institutions, including 0.7 million full-time and 0.7 million part-time faculty. The proportion of execu-tive, administrative, and managerial staff was 6 percent in 2009, compared to 5 percent in 1976 (table 254). The pro-portion of other non-teaching professional staff rose from 10 percent in 1976 to 21 percent in 2009, while the propor-tion of nonprofessional staff (including technical and para-professional, clerical and secretarial, skilled crafts, and service and maintenance staff) declined from 42 percent to 25 percent. The full-time-equivalent (FTE) student/FTE staff ratio at colleges and universities was about the same in 2009 as in 1976 (5.4 in both years). The FTE student/FTE faculty ratio was lower in 2009 (16.0) than in 1976 (16.6).

Colleges and universities differ in their practices of employing part-time and full-time staff. In fall 2009, some 47 percent of the employees at public 2-year colleges were employed full time, compared with 68 percent at public 4-year colleges and universities, 67 percent at private 4-year colleges and universities, and 65 percent at private 2-year colleges (table 255). A higher percentage of the faculty at public 4-year colleges and universities were employed full time (68 percent) than at private 4-year colleges and univer-sities (48 percent), private 2-year colleges (44 percent), or public 2-year colleges (30 percent). In general, the number of full-time staff has been growing at a slower rate than the number of part-time staff (table 253). Between 1999 and 2009, the number of full-time staff increased by 24 percent, compared to an increase of 39 percent in the number of part-time staff. Most of the increase in the part-time staff was due to the increase in the number of part-time faculty (63 percent) and graduate assistants (43 percent) during this time period.

In fall 2009, some 7 percent of college and university faculty were Black (based on a faculty count that excludes persons whose race/ethnicity was unknown), 6 percent were Asian/Pacific Islander, 4 percent were Hispanic, and 1 per-cent were American Indian/Alaska Native (table 256). About 79 percent of all faculty were White; 42 percent were White males and 37 percent were White females. Staff who were Black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, or American Indian/Alaska Native made up about 19 percent of execu-tive, administrative, and managerial staff in 2009 and about 33 percent of nonprofessional staff. The proportion of total staff made up of Blacks, Hispanics, Asians/Pacific Island-

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ers, and American Indians/Alaska Natives was similar at public 4-year colleges (23 percent), private 4-year colleges (22 percent), and public 2-year colleges (23 percent), but the proportion at private 2-year colleges (31 percent) was slightly higher.

On average, full-time instructional faculty and staff spent 58 percent of their time teaching in 2003 (table 261). Research and scholarship accounted for 20 percent of their time, and 22 percent was spent on other activities (adminis-tration, professional growth, etc.).

Faculty salaries generally lost purchasing power in the period from 1970–71 to 1980–81, during which average sal-aries for faculty on 9-month contracts declined by 16 per-cent after adjustment for inflation (table 267). During the 1980s, average salaries rose and recouped most of the losses. Between 1999–2000 and 2009–10, there was a fur-ther increase in average faculty salaries, resulting in an average salary in 2009–10 that was about 8 percent higher than the average salary in 1970–71, after adjustment for inflation. The average salary in current dollars for males in 2009–10 ($80,885) was higher than the average salary for females ($66,653). Between 1999–2000 and 2009–10, the average salary for males increased by 5 percent and the average salary for females increased by 6 percent, after adjustment for inflation.

The percentage of faculty with tenure has declined in recent years. Of those faculty at institutions with tenure sys-tems, about 49 percent of full-time instructional faculty had tenure in 2009–10, compared with 56 percent in 1993–94 (table 274). Also, the percentage of institutions with tenure systems in 2009–10 (48 percent) was lower than in 1993–94 (63 percent). Part of this change was due to the expansion in the number of for-profit institutions, relatively few of which have tenure systems (1.5 percent in 2009–10). At institutions with tenure systems, a difference was observed between males and females in the percentage of full-time instruc-tional faculty having tenure. Fifty-five percent of males had tenure in 2009–10, compared with 41 percent of females. About 51 percent of full-time instructional faculty had ten-ure at public and private for-profit institutions with tenure systems, compared with 44 percent at private not-for-profit institutions with tenure systems in 2009–10.

Degrees During the 2009–10 academic year, 4,495 accredited

institutions offered degrees at the associate’s degree level or above (table 276). These included 1,672 public institu-tions, 1,624 private not-for-profit institutions, and 1,199 private for-profit institutions. Of the 4,495 institutions, 2,774 awarded degrees at the bachelor’s or higher level, and 1,721 offered associate’s degrees as their highest award. Institutions awarding various degrees in 2008–09 numbered 2,786 for associate’s degrees, 2,348 for bache-lor’s degrees, 1,777 for master’s degrees, and 737 for doc-tor’s degrees (table 289).

Growing numbers of people are completing college degrees. Between 1998–99 and 2008–09, the number of associate’s, bachelor’s, master’s, first-professional, and doc-tor’s degrees that were conferred rose (table 279). During this period, associate’s degrees increased by 41 percent, bachelor’s degrees increased by 33 percent, master’s degrees increased by 49 percent, first-professional degrees increased by 17 percent, and doctor’s degrees increased by 54 percent. Since the mid-1980s, more females than males have earned associate’s, bachelor’s, and master’s degrees. In 2006–07, 2007–08, and 2008–09, the number of females earning doctor’s degrees exceeded the number of males. Also, the number of females receiving degrees has increased at a faster rate than the number of males. Between 1998–99 and 2008–09, the number of bachelor’s degrees awarded to males increased by 32 percent, while the number awarded to females increased by 34 percent. The number of males earn-ing doctor’s degrees rose 28 percent between 1998–99 and 2008–09, while the number of females earning doctor’s degrees rose 87 percent. In addition to degrees awarded at the associate’s and higher levels, 806,000 certificates were awarded by postsecondary institutions participating in fed-eral Title IV financial aid programs in 2008–09 (table 292).

Of the 1,601,000 bachelor’s degrees conferred in 2008–09, the greatest numbers of degrees were conferred in the fields of business (348,000); social sciences and history (169,000); health sciences (120,000); and education (102,000) (table 282). At the master’s degree level, the greatest numbers of degrees were conferred in the fields of education (179,000) and business (168,000) (table 283). At the doctor’s degree level, the greatest number of degrees were conferred in the fields of health professions and related clinical sciences (12,100); education (9,000); engineering (7,900); biological and biomedical sciences (7,000); psychology (5,500); and physical sciences (5,000) (table 284).

In recent years, the numbers of bachelor’s degrees con-ferred have followed patterns that differed significantly by field of study. While the number of degrees conferred increased by 33 percent overall between 1998–99 and 2008–09, there was substantial variation among the different fields of study, as well as shifts in the patterns of change dur-ing this time period (table 282). The number of bachelor’s degrees conferred in the combined fields of engineering and engineering technologies increased 8 percent between 1998–99 and 2003–04, and then increased a further 8 per-cent between 2003–04 and 2008–09 (table 282 and figure 15). In contrast, the number of degrees conferred in the health professions declined by 13 percent between 1998–99 and 2003–04, but then rose 63 percent between 2003–04 and 2008–09. Similarly, the number of degrees conferred in biological sciences was 5 percent lower in 2003–04 than in 1998–99, but then increased by 31 percent between 2003–04 and 2008–09; and the number conferred in the physical sciences was 2 percent lower in 2003–04 than in 1998–99, but then increased by 25 percent between 2003–04 and 2008–09. Some technical fields experienced a contrast-ing pattern. After an increase of 95 percent between

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1998–99 and 2003–04, the number of degrees conferred in computer and information sciences decreased by 36 percent between 2003–04 and 2008–09. Other fields with sizable numbers of degrees (over 5,000 in 2003–04) that showed increases of over 30 percent between 2003–04 and 2008–09 included security and protective services (48 percent) and parks, recreation, and leisure studies (43 percent).

Approximately 57 percent of first-time students seeking a bachelor’s degree or its equivalent and attending a 4-year institution full time in 2002 completed a bachelor’s degree or its equivalent at that institution within 6 years (table 341). This graduation rate was calculated as the total number of completers within the specified time to degree attainment divided by the cohort of students who first enrolled at that institution in the 2002–03 academic year. Graduation rates were higher at private not-for-profit institutions than at public or private for-profit institutions. The 6-year graduation rate for the 2002 cohort at private not-for-profit institutions was 65 percent, compared with 55 percent at public institutions and 22 percent at private for-profit institutions. Graduation rates also varied by race/ethnicity. At 4-year institutions overall, the 6-year graduation rate for Asians/Pacific Island-ers in the 2002 cohort was 67 percent, compared with 60 per-cent for Whites, 49 percent for Hispanics, 40 percent for Blacks, and 38 percent for American Indians/Alaska Natives.

Finances and Financial Aid For the 2009–10 academic year, annual prices for under-

graduate tuition, room, and board were estimated to be $12,804 at public institutions and $32,184 at private institu-tions (table 345). Between 1999–2000 and 2009–10, prices for undergraduate tuition, room, and board at public institu-tions rose 37 percent, and prices at private institutions rose 25 percent, after adjustment for inflation.

In 2007–08, about 80 percent of full-time undergraduate students received financial aid (grants, loans, work-study, or aid of multiple types) (table 349). About 63 percent of full-time undergraduates received federal financial aid in 2007–08, and 63 percent received aid from nonfederal sources. (Some students receive aid from both federal and nonfederal sources.) Section 484(r) of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended, suspends a student’s eligibility for Title IV federal financial aid if the student is convicted of certain drug-related offenses that were committed while the student was receiving Title IV aid. Less than 0.1 percent of postsecondary students had their eligibility to receive aid suspended for 2009–10 (table C).

Table C. Postsecondary students denied access to Title IV financial aid because eligibility was suspended due to a drug-related conviction: 2009–10

Number of Percentage Suspension status applications distribution

Total........................................................................... 19,490,666 100.00 No suspension of eligibility............................................ 19,487,370 99.98

Suspension of eligibility For part of award year (suspension ends during year) 666 # For full award year

Due to conviction .................................................... 1,751 0.01 Due to failure to report conviction status on aid

application form................................................. 879 #

#Rounds to zero. NOTE: It is not possible to determine whether a student who lost eligibility due to a drug conviction otherwise would have received Title IV aid, since there are other reasons why an applicant may not receive aid. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Federal Student Aid, Free Applica-tion for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA), unpublished data.

In 2008–09, average total expenditures per full-time-equiv-alent (FTE) student at public degree-granting colleges were $27,135 (table 373). This total reflects an increase of about 6 percent between 2003–04 and 2008–09, after adjustment for inflation. In 2008–09, public 4-year colleges had average total expenditures per FTE student of $36,707, compared with $12,153 at public 2-year colleges. At private not-for-profit colleges, total expenditures per FTE student rose 16 percent between 1998–99 and 2008–09, after adjustment for inflation (table 375). In 2008–09, total expenditures per FTE student at private not-for-profit colleges were $45,853; they averaged $46,080 at 4-year colleges and $19,129 at 2-year colleges. The expenditures per FTE student at private for-profit institutions were $12,848 in 2008–09, which was about 1 percent higher than in 1999–2000, after adjustment for inflation (table 377). The difference between average expenditures per FTE student at private for-profit 4-year colleges ($12,654) and private for-profit 2-year colleges ($13,498) was relatively small com-pared to the differences between 2-year and 4-year public and private not-for-profit colleges.

As of June 30, 2009, the market value of the endowment funds of colleges and universities was $326 billion, reflecting a decrease of 21 percent compared to 2008, when the total was $413 billion. In 2009, the 120 colleges with the largest endowments accounted for $243 billion, or about three-fourths of the national total (table 372). The five colleges with the largest endowments in 2009 were Harvard Univer-sity ($26 billion), Yale University ($16 billion), Princeton University ($13 billion), Stanford University ($13 billion), and the University of Texas System ($11 billion).

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Figure 11. Enrollment, degrees conferred, and expenditures in degree-granting institutions: Fall 1960 through fall 2009 and 1960–61 through 2009–10

Fall enrollment, in millions

0

5

10

15

20

25

Public institutions Total

Private institutions

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009

School year beginning

Degrees, in millions

1960 0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

Bachelor’s

Master’s

Doctor’s

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009

1.8

School year beginning

Total expenditures, in billions of constant 2008–09 dollars

0

50

100

150

200

250

$300

Public institutions Private institutions

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009

School year beginning

NOTE: Expenditure data for school years 2008 and 2009 (2008–09 and 2009–10) are estimated. Degree data for school year 2009 are projected. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Opening Fall Enrollment in Higher Education, 1960 through 1965; Financial Statistics of Higher Edu-cation, 1959–60 through 1964–65; Earned Degrees Conferred, 1959–60 through 1964–65; Projections of Education Statistics to 2019; Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Institutions of Higher Education,” 1966 through 1985, “Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred,” 1965–66 through 1985–86, and “Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education,” 1965–66 through 1985–86; and 1986–87 through 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:86–99), “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:87–99), “Finance Survey” (IPEDS-F:FY87–99), Fall 2000 through Fall 2009, and Spring 2001 through Spring 2010.

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286 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education

Figure 12. Percentage change in total enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by state: Fall 2003 to fall 2008

AK

WA

MT ND OR

ID

WY SD

UT CA

NV

CO KS

NE

AZ NM OK

MN

IA

MO

AR

TN NC

LA

FL

MS AL GA

WI

IL

KY

IN OH

WV

PA

NY

VA

ME

VT

NH

MA

CT

SC

MI

HI

NJ

TX

DC MD DE

RI

Percent change

Increase of 25 percent or more

Increase of 15 percent, but less than 25 percent

Increase of 10 percent, but less than 15 percent

Increase of less than 10 percent

Decrease

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2003 and 2008 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2004 and Spring 2009.

Figure 13. Enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by age: Fall 1970 through fall 2019

Enrollment, in millions

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14 Projected

Under 25 years old

25 years old and over

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2019

School year

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Institutions of Higher Educa-tion” surveys, 1970 through 1985; 1986 through 2010 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:86–99), and Spring 2001 through Spring 2010; and Projections of Education Statistics to 2019.

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Figure 14. Ratio of full-time-equivalent (FTE) students to total FTE staff and to FTE faculty, by control of institution: 1999 and 2009

FTE students per FTE staff member

4.8 5.4

14.9 16.0

5.2 5.8

15.8

17.3

4.0 4.7

12.8 13.7

1999 2009

0

5

10

15

20

All institutions, All institutions, Public Public Private Private total staff faculty institutions, institutions, institutions, institutions,

total staff faculty total staff faculty

Control of institution and type of staff SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics,1999 and 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Fall Staff Survey” (IPEDS-S:99), and Winter 2009–10.

Figure 15. Bachelor’s degrees conferred by degree-granting institutions in selected fields of study: 1998–99, 2003–04, and 2008–09

Field of study

Biological and biomedical sciences

Business

Communications, journalism, and communications technologies

Computer and information sciences

Education

Engineering and engineering technologies

Health professions and related clinical sciences

Psychology

Social sciences and history

Visual and performing arts

1998−99

2003−04

2008−09

0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000

Number of bachelor’s degrees SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 1998–99, 2003–04, and 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:98–99), and Fall 2004 and Fall 2009.

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Figure 16. Percentage distribution of total revenues of public degree-granting institutions, by source of funds: 2008–09

Hospitals, 10.2%

Auxiliary enterprises, 8.0%

State governments, 30.9%

Tuition and fees, 19.4%

Federal government, 15.7% Investment return, gifts, and other, 8.5%

Local governments, 7.4%

Total revenues = $267.4 billion NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2010.

Figure 17. Revenue per full-time-equivalent (FTE) student at private not-for-profit degree-granting institutions, by source of funds: 1999–2000 and 2008–09

Source of funds

Total

Tuition and fees

Federal government

State governments

Local governments

Private sources

Investment return

Educational activities

Auxiliary enterprises

Hospitals

Other 1,726 2,217

4,802 3,600

4,398 4,154

1,554 1,431

−20,828 18,860

5,733 8,235

186 290

589 558

6,820 6,089

17,422 14,809

22,404 60,242

1999−2000

2008−09

−$30,000 −20,000 −10,000 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000

Revenue per FTE student, in constant 2008−09 dollars

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 1999–2000 and 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2001 and Spring 2010.

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

nt

CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 289 Enrollment

Enrollme

Table 195. Enrollment, staff, and degrees conferred in postsecondary institutions participating in Title IV programs, by type and control of institution, sex of student, type of staff, and type of degree: Fall 2008, fall 2009, and 2008–09

Selected characteristic

All Title IV participating institutions1

Degree-granting institutions2 Non-degree-granting institutions3

Total Public

Private

Total Public

Private

Total Not-for-profit For-profit Total Not-for-profit For-profit

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Enrollment, fall 2008 Total .......................................... 19,574,395 19,102,814 13,972,153 5,130,661 3,661,519 1,469,142 471,581 119,956 351,625 23,204 328,421

4-year institutions.............................. 12,131,855 12,131,436 7,331,809 4,799,627 3,626,168 1,173,459 419 40 379 379 0 Males ............................................ 5,253,105 5,253,011 3,276,762 1,976,249 1,542,869 433,380 94 13 81 81 0 Females ........................................ 6,878,750 6,878,425 4,055,047 2,823,378 2,083,299 740,079 325 27 298 298 0

2-year institutions.............................. 7,100,631 6,971,378 6,640,344 331,034 35,351 295,683 129,253 52,841 76,412 11,004 65,408 Males ............................................ 2,992,111 2,935,884 2,823,753 112,131 12,111 100,020 56,227 27,878 28,349 2,684 25,665 Females ........................................ 4,108,520 4,035,494 3,816,591 218,903 23,240 195,663 73,026 24,963 48,063 8,320 39,743

Less-than-2-year institutions............. 341,909 † † † † † 341,909 67,075 274,834 11,821 263,013 Males ............................................ 94,279 † † † † † 94,279 27,977 66,302 4,134 62,168Females ........................................ 247,630 † † † † † 247,630 39,098 208,532 7,687 200,845

Staff, fall 2009 Total .......................................... 3,794,500 3,723,419 2,442,076 1,281,343 1,073,417 207,926 71,081 21,599 49,482 5,087 44,395

Professional staff .............................. 2,838,017 2,782,149 1,804,718 977,431 797,291 180,140 55,868 16,203 39,665 3,772 35,893 Administrative ............................... 239,957 230,579 112,182 118,397 99,043 19,354 9,378 1,257 8,121 634 7,487 Faculty .......................................... 1,476,775 1,439,144 913,679 525,465 408,561 116,904 37,631 13,266 24,365 2,442 21,923 Graduate assistants ...................... 342,393 342,393 275,872 66,521 66,252 269 0 0 0 0 0 Other professionals....................... 778,892 770,033 502,985 267,048 223,435 43,613 8,859 1,680 7,179 696 6,483

Nonprofessional staff ........................ 956,483 941,270 637,358 303,912 276,126 27,786 15,213 5,396 9,817 1,315 8,502 Student/staff ratio4 ............................ 5.2 5.1 5.7 4.0 3.4 7.1 6.6 5.6 7.1 4.6 7.4

Degrees conferred, 2008–09 Less-than-2-year awards and 2- to

4-year awards ............................. 805,755 501,656 360,593 141,063 13,915 127,148 304,099 68,134 235,965 18,110 217,855 4-year institutions.......................... 58,372 58,298 27,488 30,810 9,917 20,893 74 0 74 74 0

Males ........................................ 22,745 22,728 13,561 9,167 4,111 5,056 17 0 17 17 0 Females .................................... 35,627 35,570 13,927 21,643 5,806 15,837 57 0 57 57 0

2-year institutions.......................... 518,686 443,358 333,105 110,253 3,998 106,255 75,328 32,532 42,796 4,972 37,824 Males ........................................ 218,367 186,210 155,111 31,099 1,889 29,210 32,157 14,937 17,220 1,301 15,919 Females .................................... 300,319 257,148 177,994 79,154 2,109 77,045 43,171 17,595 25,576 3,671 21,905

Less-than-2-year institutions......... 228,697 † † † † † 228,697 35,602 193,095 13,064 180,031 Males ........................................ 61,503 † † † † † 61,503 14,495 47,008 5,186 41,822Females .................................... 167,194 † † † † † 167,194 21,107 146,087 7,878 138,209

Associate’s degrees.......................... 787,466 787,325 596,098 191,227 46,929 144,298 141 9 132 0 132 4-year institutions.......................... 213,888 213,888 87,284 126,604 40,566 86,038 0 0 0 0 0

Males ........................................ 81,082 81,082 33,803 47,279 15,255 32,024 0 0 0 0 0Females .................................... 132,806 132,806 53,481 79,325 25,311 54,014 0 0 0 0 0

2-year institutions.......................... 573,556 573,437 508,814 64,623 6,363 58,260 119 9 110 0 110 Males ........................................ 217,165 217,059 191,401 25,658 1,911 23,747 106 4 102 0 102 Females .................................... 356,391 356,378 317,413 38,965 4,452 34,513 13 5 8 0 8

Less-than-2-year institutions......... 22 † † † † † 22 0 22 0 22Males ........................................ 5 † † † † † 5 0 5 0 5Females .................................... 17 † † † † † 17 0 17 0 17

Bachelor’s degrees ........................... 1,601,368 1,601,368 1,020,435 580,933 496,260 84,673 0 0 0 0 0Males ............................................ 685,382 685,382 444,431 240,951 204,320 36,631 0 0 0 0 0Females ........................................ 915,986 915,986 576,004 339,982 291,940 48,042 0 0 0 0 0

Master’s degrees .............................. 656,784 656,784 308,206 348,578 285,098 63,480 0 0 0 0 0Males ............................................ 259,998 259,998 122,893 137,105 114,538 22,567 0 0 0 0 0Females ........................................ 396,786 396,786 185,313 211,473 170,560 40,913 0 0 0 0 0

First-professional degrees ................ 92,004 92,004 37,357 54,647 53,572 1,075 0 0 0 0 0Males ............................................ 46,900 46,900 18,046 28,854 28,259 595 0 0 0 0 0Females ........................................ 45,104 45,104 19,311 25,793 25,313 480 0 0 0 0 0

Doctor’s degrees............................... 67,716 67,716 39,911 27,805 25,169 2,636 0 0 0 0 0Males ............................................ 32,279 32,279 20,007 12,272 11,391 881 0 0 0 0 0Females ........................................ 35,437 35,437 19,904 15,533 13,778 1,755 0 0 0 0 0

†Not applicable. 1Includes degree-granting and non-degree-granting institutions. 2Data are for degree-granting institutions, which grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. 3Data are for institutions that did not offer accredited 4-year or 2-year degree programs, but were participating in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Includes some schools with nonaccredited degree programs.

4Ratios based on fall 2008 enrollment. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2008, 2009, and 2008–09 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Winter 2009–10, Spring 2009, and Fall 2009. (This table was prepared August 2010.)

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

290 C

HA

PT

ER

3: Postsecondary E

ducation E

nrollment

DIG

ES

T O

F E

DU

CA

TIO

N S

TA

TIS

TIC

S 2010

9–90 1999–2000 2005–06 2007–08 2008–09

14 15 16 17 18

,535 4,084 4,276 4,352 4,409

,220 5

,254 5 ,966 5

1,027,830 5

602,469 5 425,361 5

1,290,426 5

714,453 5

575,973 5

1,371,390 5

743,812 5 627,578 5

— — —

,560 ,015 ,545

14,791,224 6,490,646 8,300,578

17,487,475 7,455,925

10,031,550

18,248,128 7,815,914

10,432,214

19,102,814 8,188,895

10,913,919

,102 564,933 713,066 750,164 787,325 ,195 224,721 270,095 282,521 298,141 ,907 340,212 442,971 467,643 489,184

,344 1,237,875 1,485,242 1,563,069 1,601,368 ,696 530,367 630,600 667,928 685,382 ,648 707,508 854,642 895,141 915,986

,301 457,056 594,065 625,023 656,784 ,653 191,792 237,896 246,491 259,998 ,648 265,264 356,169 378,532 396,786

,988 80,057 87,655 91,309 92,004 ,961 44,239 44,038 45,916 46,900 ,027 35,818 43,617 45,393 45,104

,371 44,808 56,067 63,712 67,716 ,401 25,028 28,634 31,215 32,279 ,970 19,780 27,433 32,497 35,437

,477 — — — —

— — — — —

,571 — — — —

,076 — — — — ,000 — — — —

,726 — $336,908,009 $412,509,820 $325,565,998

cation, while later data are for degree-granting institutions. Degree-rticipate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-grant-assification, but it includes more 2-year colleges and excludes a few pendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) Detail may not sum to totals

r Education Statistics, Biennial Survey of Education in the United and Other Professional Staff in Institutions of Higher Education; Fall rred; Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education; Higher nt in Institutions of Higher Education,” “Degrees and Other Formal igher Education” surveys; and 1989 through 2009 Integrated Post-IPEDS-EF:89–99), “Fall Staff Survey” (IPEDS-S:89–99), “Finance :90–00), “Institutional Characteristics Survey” (IPEDS-IC:89–99),

pring 2009, Fall 2006, Fall 2008, and Fall 2009. (This table was pre-

Table 196. Historical summary of faculty, students, degrees, and finances in degree-granting institutions: Selected years, 1869–70 through 2008–09

Selected characteristic 1869–70 1879–80 1889–90 1899–1900 1909–10 1919–20 1929–30 1939–40 1949–50 1959–60 1969–70 1979–80 198

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Total institutions1...............

Total faculty2...................... Males............................ Females........................

Total fall enrollment6......... Males............................ Females........................

Earned degrees conferred

563 811 998 977 951 1,041 1,409 1,708 1,851 2,004 2,525 3,152 3

5,553 3

4,887 3 666 3

11,522 3

7,328 3 4,194 3

15,809 12,704 3 3,105 3

23,868 19,151 4,717

36,480 29,132 7,348

48,615 35,807 12,808

82,386 60,017 22,369

146,929 106,328 40,601

246,722 186,189 60,533

380,554 296,773 83,781

450,000 4

346,000 4 104,000 4

675,000 4

479,000 4 196,000 4

824534289

52,286 41,160 3 11,126 3

115,817 77,972 3 37,845 3

156,756 100,453 3 56,303 3

237,592 152,254 85,338

355,213 214,648 3 140,565 3

597,880 314,938 282,942

1,100,737 619,935 480,802

1,494,203 893,250 600,953

2,444,900 1,721,572

723,328

3,639,847 2,332,617 1,307,230

8,004,660 4,746,201 3,258,459

11,569,899 5,682,877 5,887,022

13,5386,1907,348

Associate’s, total............... — — — — — — — — — — 206,023 400,910 455Males............................ — — — — — — — — — — 117,432 183,737 191Females........................ — — — — — — — — — — 88,591 217,173 263

Bachelor’s, total7............... 9,371 12,896 15,539 27,410 37,199 48,622 122,484 186,500 432,058 392,440 792,316 929,417 1,051Males............................ 7,993 10,411 12,857 22,173 28,762 31,980 73,615 109,546 328,841 254,063 451,097 473,611 491Females........................ 1,378 2,485 2,682 5,237 8,437 16,642 48,869 76,954 103,217 138,377 341,219 455,806 559

Master’s, total8.................. 0 879 1,015 1,583 2,113 4,279 14,969 26,731 58,183 74,435 208,291 298,081 324Males............................ 0 868 821 1,280 1,555 2,985 8,925 16,508 41,220 50,898 125,624 150,749 153Females........................ 0 11 194 303 558 1,294 6,044 10,223 16,963 23,537 82,667 147,332 170

First-professional, total7 ... — — — — — — — — — — 34,918 70,131 70Males............................ — — — — — — — — — — 33,077 52,716 43Females........................ — — — — — — — — — — 1,841 17,415 27

Doctor’s, total.................... 1 54 149 382 443 615 2,299 3,290 6,420 9,829 29,866 32,615 38Males............................ 1 51 147 359 399 522 1,946 2,861 5,804 8,801 25,890 22,943 24Females........................

Finances

0 3 2 23 44 93 353 429 616 1,028 3,976 9,672 13

In thousands of current dollars

Current-fund revenue....... Educational and general

— — — — $76,883 $199,922 $554,511 $715,211 $2,374,645 $5,785,537 $21,515,242 $58,519,982 $139,635

income ....................... Current-fund

— — $21,464 $35,084 67,917 172,929 483,065 571,288 1,833,845 4,688,352 16,486,177 —

expenditures.............. Educational and general

— — — — — — 507,142 674,688 2,245,661 5,601,376 21,043,113 56,913,588 134,655

expenditures.............. — — — — — — 377,903 521,990 1,706,444 4,685,258 16,845,212 44,542,843 105,585Value of physical property Market value of

— — 95,426 253,599 457,594 747,333 2,065,049 2,753,780 9

4,799,964 13,548,548 42,093,580 83,733,387 164,635

endowment funds ..... — — 78,788 10 194,998 10 323,661 10 569,071 10 1,372,068 10 1,686,283 10 2,601,223 10 5,322,080 10 11,206,632 20,743,045 67,978

—Not available. 1Prior to 1979–80, excludes branch campuses. 2Total number of different individuals (not reduced to full-time equivalent). Beginning in 1959–60, data are for the first term of the academic year. 3Estimated. 4Estimated number of senior instructional staff based on actual enrollment data for the designated year and enrollment/staff ratios for the prior staff survey. Excludes graduate assistants. 5Because of revised survey procedures, data may not be directly comparable with figures prior to 1989–90. Estimated number of senior instructional staff based on actual enrollment data for the designated year and enrollment/staff ratios for the prior staff sur-vey. Excludes graduate assistants. 6Data for 1869–70 to 1939–40 are for resident degree-credit students who enrolled at any time during the academic year. 7From 1869–70 to 1959–60, first-professional degrees are included under bachelor’s degrees. 8Figures for years prior to 1969–70 are not precisely comparable with later data. 9Includes unexpended plant funds. 10Book value. Includes other nonexpendable funds.

NOTE: Data through 1989–90 are for institutions of higher edugranting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and paing classification is very similar to the earlier higher education clhigher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Apbecause of rounding. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center foStates; Education Directory, Colleges and Universities; Faculty Enrollment in Colleges and Universities; Earned Degrees ConfeEducation General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Fall EnrollmeAwards Conferred,” and “Financial Statistics of Institutions of Hsecondary Education Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (Survey” (IPEDS-F:FY90–00), “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-CWinter 2005–06, Winter 2007–08, Spring 2006, Spring 2008, Spared September 2010.)

CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 291 Enrollment

Table 197. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by attendance status, sex of student, and control of institution: Selected years, 1947 through 2009

Year Total

enrollment

Attendance status Sex of student Control of institution

Full-time Part-time Percent

part-time Male Female Percent female Public

Private

Total Not-for-profit For-profit

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

19471 ............................... 2,338,226 — — — 1,659,249 678,977 29.0 1,152,377 1,185,849 — — 19481 ............................... 2,403,396 — — — 1,709,367 694,029 28.9 1,185,588 1,217,808 — — 19491 ............................... 2,444,900 — — — 1,721,572 723,328 29.6 1,207,151 1,237,749 — — 19501 ............................... 2,281,298 — — — 1,560,392 720,906 31.6 1,139,699 1,141,599 — — 19511 ............................... 2,101,962 — — — 1,390,740 711,222 33.8 1,037,938 1,064,024 — —

19521 ............................... 2,134,242 — — — 1,380,357 753,885 35.3 1,101,240 1,033,002 — — 19531 ............................... 2,231,054 — — — 1,422,598 808,456 36.2 1,185,876 1,045,178 — — 19541 ............................... 2,446,693 — — — 1,563,382 883,311 36.1 1,353,531 1,093,162 — — 19551 ............................... 2,653,034 — — — 1,733,184 919,850 34.7 1,476,282 1,176,752 — — 19561 ............................... 2,918,212 — — — 1,911,458 1,006,754 34.5 1,656,402 1,261,810 — —

1957................................. 3,323,783 — — — 2,170,765 1,153,018 34.7 1,972,673 1,351,110 — — 1959................................. 3,639,847 2,421,016 1,218,831 2 33.5 2,332,617 1,307,230 35.9 2,180,982 1,458,865 — — 1961................................. 4,145,065 2,785,133 1,359,932 2 32.8 2,585,821 1,559,244 37.6 2,561,447 1,583,618 — — 1963................................. 4,779,609 3,183,833 1,595,776 2 33.4 2,961,540 1,818,069 38.0 3,081,279 1,698,330 — — 1964................................. 5,280,020 3,573,238 1,706,782 2 32.3 3,248,713 2,031,307 38.5 3,467,708 1,812,312 — —

1965................................. 5,920,864 4,095,728 1,825,136 2 30.8 3,630,020 2,290,844 38.7 3,969,596 1,951,268 — — 1966................................. 6,389,872 4,438,606 1,951,266 2 30.5 3,856,216 2,533,656 39.7 4,348,917 2,040,955 — — 1967................................. 6,911,748 4,793,128 2,118,620 2 30.7 4,132,800 2,778,948 40.2 4,816,028 2,095,720 2,074,041 21,679 1968................................. 7,513,091 5,210,155 2,302,936 30.7 4,477,649 3,035,442 40.4 5,430,652 2,082,439 2,061,211 21,228 1969................................. 8,004,660 5,498,883 2,505,777 31.3 4,746,201 3,258,459 40.7 5,896,868 2,107,792 2,087,653 20,139

1970................................. 8,580,887 5,816,290 2,764,597 32.2 5,043,642 3,537,245 41.2 6,428,134 2,152,753 2,134,420 18,333 1971................................. 8,948,644 6,077,232 2,871,412 32.1 5,207,004 3,741,640 41.8 6,804,309 2,144,335 2,121,913 22,422 1972................................. 9,214,860 6,072,389 3,142,471 34.1 5,238,757 3,976,103 43.1 7,070,635 2,144,225 2,123,245 20,980 1973................................. 9,602,123 6,189,493 3,412,630 35.5 5,371,052 4,231,071 44.1 7,419,516 2,182,607 2,148,784 33,823 1974................................. 10,223,729 6,370,273 3,853,456 37.7 5,622,429 4,601,300 45.0 7,988,500 2,235,229 2,200,963 34,266

1975................................. 11,184,859 6,841,334 4,343,525 38.8 6,148,997 5,035,862 45.0 8,834,508 2,350,351 2,311,448 38,903 1976................................. 11,012,137 6,717,058 4,295,079 39.0 5,810,828 5,201,309 47.2 8,653,477 2,358,660 2,314,298 44,362 1977................................. 11,285,787 6,792,925 4,492,862 39.8 5,789,016 5,496,771 48.7 8,846,993 2,438,794 2,386,652 52,142 1978................................. 11,260,092 6,667,657 4,592,435 40.8 5,640,998 5,619,094 49.9 8,785,893 2,474,199 2,408,331 65,868 1979................................. 11,569,899 6,794,039 4,775,860 41.3 5,682,877 5,887,022 50.9 9,036,822 2,533,077 2,461,773 71,304

1980................................. 12,096,895 7,097,958 4,998,937 41.3 5,874,374 6,222,521 51.4 9,457,394 2,639,501 2,527,787 111,714 3 1981................................. 12,371,672 7,181,250 5,190,422 42.0 5,975,056 6,396,616 51.7 9,647,032 2,724,640 2,572,405 152,235 3 1982................................. 12,425,780 7,220,618 5,205,162 41.9 6,031,384 6,394,396 51.5 9,696,087 2,729,693 2,552,739 176,954 3 1983................................. 12,464,661 7,261,050 5,203,611 41.7 6,023,725 6,440,936 51.7 9,682,734 2,781,927 2,589,187 192,740 1984................................. 12,241,940 7,098,388 5,143,552 42.0 5,863,574 6,378,366 52.1 9,477,370 2,764,570 2,574,419 190,151

1985................................. 12,247,055 7,075,221 5,171,834 42.2 5,818,450 6,428,605 52.5 9,479,273 2,767,782 2,571,791 195,991 1986................................. 12,503,511 7,119,550 5,383,961 43.1 5,884,515 6,618,996 52.9 9,713,893 2,789,618 2,572,479 217,139 4 1987................................. 12,766,642 7,231,085 5,535,557 43.4 5,932,056 6,834,586 53.5 9,973,254 2,793,388 2,602,350 191,038 4 1988................................. 13,055,337 7,436,768 5,618,569 43.0 6,001,896 7,053,441 54.0 10,161,388 2,893,949 2,673,567 220,382 1989................................. 13,538,560 7,660,950 5,877,610 43.4 6,190,015 7,348,545 54.3 10,577,963 2,960,597 2,731,174 229,423

1990................................. 13,818,637 7,820,985 5,997,652 43.4 6,283,909 7,534,728 54.5 10,844,717 2,973,920 2,760,227 213,693 1991................................. 14,358,953 8,115,329 6,243,624 43.5 6,501,844 7,857,109 54.7 11,309,563 3,049,390 2,819,041 230,349 1992................................. 14,487,359 8,162,118 6,325,241 43.7 6,523,989 7,963,370 55.0 11,384,567 3,102,792 2,872,523 230,269 1993................................. 14,304,803 8,127,618 6,177,185 43.2 6,427,450 7,877,353 55.1 11,189,088 3,115,715 2,888,897 226,818 1994................................. 14,278,790 8,137,776 6,141,014 43.0 6,371,898 7,906,892 55.4 11,133,680 3,145,110 2,910,107 235,003

1995................................. 14,261,781 8,128,802 6,132,979 43.0 6,342,539 7,919,242 55.5 11,092,374 3,169,407 2,929,044 240,363 1996................................. 14,367,520 8,302,953 6,064,567 42.2 6,352,825 8,014,695 55.8 11,120,499 3,247,021 2,942,556 304,465 1997................................. 14,502,334 8,438,062 6,064,272 41.8 6,396,028 8,106,306 55.9 11,196,119 3,306,215 2,977,614 328,601 1998................................. 14,506,967 8,563,338 5,943,629 41.0 6,369,265 8,137,702 56.1 11,137,769 3,369,198 3,004,925 364,273 1999................................. 14,791,224 8,786,494 6,004,730 40.6 6,490,646 8,300,578 56.1 11,309,399 3,481,825 3,051,626 430,199

2000................................. 15,312,289 9,009,600 6,302,689 41.2 6,721,769 8,590,520 56.1 11,752,786 3,559,503 3,109,419 450,084 2001................................. 15,927,987 9,447,502 6,480,485 40.7 6,960,815 8,967,172 56.3 12,233,156 3,694,831 3,167,330 527,501 2002................................. 16,611,711 9,946,359 6,665,352 40.1 7,202,116 9,409,595 56.6 12,751,993 3,859,718 3,265,476 594,242 2003................................. 16,911,481 10,326,133 6,585,348 38.9 7,260,264 9,651,217 57.1 12,858,698 4,052,783 3,341,048 711,735 2004................................. 17,272,044 10,610,177 6,661,867 38.6 7,387,262 9,884,782 57.2 12,980,112 4,291,932 3,411,685 880,247

2005................................. 17,487,475 10,797,011 6,690,464 38.3 7,455,925 10,031,550 57.4 13,021,834 4,465,641 3,454,692 1,010,949 2006................................. 17,758,870 10,957,305 6,801,565 38.3 7,574,815 10,184,055 57.3 13,180,133 4,578,737 3,512,866 1,065,871 2007................................. 18,248,128 11,269,892 6,978,236 38.2 7,815,914 10,432,214 57.2 13,490,780 4,757,348 3,571,150 1,186,198 2008................................. 19,102,814 11,747,743 7,355,071 38.5 8,188,895 10,913,919 57.1 13,972,153 5,130,661 3,661,519 1,469,142 2009................................. 20,427,711 12,722,782 7,704,929 37.7 8,769,504 11,658,207 57.1 14,810,642 5,617,069 3,765,083 1,851,986

—Not available. 1Degree-credit enrollment only. 2Includes part-time resident students and all extension students (students attending courses at sites separate from the primary reporting campus). In later years, part-time student enrollment was collected as a distinct category. 3Large increases are due to the addition of schools accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges of Technology. 4Because of imputation techniques, data are not consistent with figures for other years. NOTE: Data through 1995 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees

and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States; Opening Fall Enrollment in Higher Education, 1963 through 1965; Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Col-leges and Universities” surveys, 1966 through 1985; and 1986 through 2009 Integrated Post-secondary Education Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:86–99), and Spring 2001 through Spring 2010. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

292 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education Enrollment

Table 198. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by control and type of institution: 1963 through 2009

Year

All institutions Public institutions Private institutions

Total

4-year

2-year Total

4-year

2-year Total

4-year

2-year Total University Other

4-year Total University Other

4-year Total University Other

4-year

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

19631 .................... 4,779,609 3,929,248 — — 850,361 3,081,279 2,341,468 — — 739,811 1,698,330 1,587,780 — — 110,550 19641 .................... 5,280,020 4,291,094 — — 988,926 3,467,708 2,592,929 — — 874,779 1,812,312 1,698,165 — — 114,147 19651 .................... 5,920,864 4,747,912 — — 1,172,952 3,969,596 2,928,332 — — 1,041,264 1,951,268 1,819,580 — — 131,688 19661 .................... 6,389,872 5,063,902 — — 1,325,970 4,348,917 3,159,748 — — 1,189,169 2,040,955 1,904,154 — — 136,801 1967...................... 6,911,748 5,398,986 2,186,235 3,212,751 1,512,762 4,816,028 3,443,975 1,510,333 1,933,642 1,372,053 2,095,720 1,955,011 675,902 1,279,109 140,709 1968...................... 7,513,091 5,720,269 2,266,120 3,454,149 1,792,822 5,430,652 3,783,652 1,592,707 2,190,945 1,647,000 2,082,439 1,936,617 673,413 1,263,204 145,822 1969...................... 8,004,660 5,937,127 2,420,429 3,516,698 2,067,533 5,896,868 3,962,522 1,738,493 2,224,029 1,934,346 2,107,792 1,974,605 681,936 1,292,669 133,187

1970...................... 8,580,887 6,261,502 2,534,336 3,727,166 2,319,385 6,428,134 4,232,722 1,832,694 2,400,028 2,195,412 2,152,753 2,028,780 701,642 1,327,138 123,973 1971...................... 8,948,644 6,369,355 2,594,470 3,774,885 2,579,289 6,804,309 4,346,990 1,913,626 2,433,364 2,457,319 2,144,335 2,022,365 680,844 1,341,521 121,970 1972...................... 9,214,860 6,458,674 2,620,749 3,837,925 2,756,186 7,070,635 4,429,696 1,941,040 2,488,656 2,640,939 2,144,225 2,028,978 679,709 1,349,269 115,247 1973...................... 9,602,123 6,590,023 2,629,796 3,960,227 3,012,100 7,419,516 4,529,895 1,950,653 2,579,242 2,889,621 2,182,607 2,060,128 679,143 1,380,985 122,479 1974...................... 10,223,729 6,819,735 2,702,306 4,117,429 3,403,994 7,988,500 4,703,018 2,006,723 2,696,295 3,285,482 2,235,229 2,116,717 695,583 1,421,134 118,512

1975...................... 11,184,859 7,214,740 2,838,266 4,376,474 3,970,119 8,834,508 4,998,142 2,124,221 2,873,921 3,836,366 2,350,351 2,216,598 714,045 1,502,553 133,753 1976...................... 11,012,137 7,128,816 2,780,289 4,348,527 3,883,321 8,653,477 4,901,691 2,079,929 2,821,762 3,751,786 2,358,660 2,227,125 700,360 1,526,765 131,535 1977...................... 11,285,787 7,242,845 2,793,418 4,449,427 4,042,942 8,846,993 4,945,224 2,070,032 2,875,192 3,901,769 2,438,794 2,297,621 723,386 1,574,235 141,173 1978...................... 11,260,092 7,231,625 2,780,729 4,451,222 4,028,467 8,785,893 4,912,203 2,062,295 2,849,908 3,873,690 2,474,199 2,319,422 718,434 1,601,314 154,777 1979...................... 11,569,899 7,353,233 2,839,582 4,513,651 4,216,666 9,036,822 4,980,012 2,099,525 2,880,487 4,056,810 2,533,077 2,373,221 740,057 1,633,164 159,856

1980...................... 12,096,895 7,570,608 2,902,014 4,668,594 4,526,287 9,457,394 5,128,612 2,154,283 2,974,329 4,328,782 2,639,501 2,441,996 747,731 1,694,265 197,505 2

1981...................... 12,371,672 7,655,461 2,901,344 4,754,117 4,716,211 9,647,032 5,166,324 2,152,474 3,013,850 4,480,708 2,724,640 2,489,137 748,870 1,740,267 235,503 2

1982...................... 12,425,780 7,654,074 2,883,735 4,770,339 4,771,706 9,696,087 5,176,434 2,152,547 3,023,887 4,519,653 2,729,693 2,477,640 731,188 1,746,452 252,053 2

1983...................... 12,464,661 7,741,195 2,888,813 4,852,382 4,723,466 9,682,734 5,223,404 2,154,790 3,068,614 4,459,330 2,781,927 2,517,791 734,023 1,783,768 264,136 1984...................... 12,241,940 7,711,167 2,870,329 4,840,838 4,530,773 9,477,370 5,198,273 2,138,621 3,059,652 4,279,097 2,764,570 2,512,894 731,708 1,781,186 251,676

1985...................... 12,247,055 7,715,978 2,870,692 4,845,286 4,531,077 9,479,273 5,209,540 2,141,112 3,068,428 4,269,733 2,767,782 2,506,438 729,580 1,776,858 261,344 1986...................... 12,503,511 7,823,963 2,897,207 4,926,756 4,679,548 9,713,893 5,300,202 2,160,646 3,139,556 4,413,691 2,789,618 2,523,761 736,561 1,787,200 265,857 3

1987...................... 12,766,642 7,990,420 2,929,327 5,061,093 4,776,222 9,973,254 5,432,200 2,188,008 3,244,192 4,541,054 2,793,388 2,558,220 741,319 1,816,901 235,168 3

1988...................... 13,055,337 8,180,182 2,978,593 5,201,589 4,875,155 10,161,388 5,545,901 2,229,868 3,316,033 4,615,487 2,893,949 2,634,281 748,725 1,885,556 259,668 1989...................... 13,538,560 8,387,671 3,019,115 5,368,556 5,150,889 10,577,963 5,694,303 2,266,056 3,428,247 4,883,660 2,960,597 2,693,368 753,059 1,940,309 267,229

1990...................... 13,818,637 8,578,554 3,044,670 5,533,884 5,240,083 10,844,717 5,848,242 2,290,464 3,557,778 4,996,475 2,973,920 2,730,312 754,206 1,976,106 243,608 1991...................... 14,358,953 8,707,053 3,065,429 5,641,624 5,651,900 11,309,563 5,904,748 2,301,222 3,603,526 5,404,815 3,049,390 2,802,305 764,207 2,038,098 247,085 1992...................... 14,487,359 8,764,969 3,050,345 5,714,624 5,722,390 11,384,567 5,900,012 2,283,834 3,616,178 5,484,555 3,102,792 2,864,957 766,511 2,098,446 237,835 1993...................... 14,304,803 8,738,936 3,022,728 5,716,208 5,565,867 11,189,088 5,851,760 2,259,692 3,592,068 5,337,328 3,115,715 2,887,176 763,036 2,124,140 228,539 1994...................... 14,278,790 8,749,080 3,009,072 5,740,008 5,529,710 11,133,680 5,825,213 2,244,636 3,580,577 5,308,467 3,145,110 2,923,867 764,436 2,159,431 221,243

1995...................... 14,261,781 8,769,252 2,999,641 5,769,611 5,492,529 11,092,374 5,814,545 2,235,939 3,578,606 5,277,829 3,169,407 2,954,707 763,702 2,191,005 214,700 1996...................... 14,367,520 8,804,193 2,984,965 5,819,228 5,563,327 11,120,499 5,806,036 2,226,529 3,579,507 5,314,463 3,247,021 2,998,157 758,436 2,239,721 248,864 1997...................... 14,502,334 8,896,765 2,995,886 5,900,879 5,605,569 11,196,119 5,835,433 2,231,273 3,604,160 5,360,686 3,306,215 3,061,332 764,613 2,296,719 244,883 1998...................... 14,506,967 9,017,653 3,021,136 5,996,517 5,489,314 11,137,769 5,891,806 2,249,825 3,641,981 5,245,963 3,369,198 3,125,847 771,311 2,354,536 243,351 1999...................... 14,791,224 9,198,525 3,044,369 6,154,156 5,592,699 11,309,399 5,969,950 2,266,494 3,703,456 5,339,449 3,481,825 3,228,575 777,875 2,450,700 253,250

2000...................... 15,312,289 9,363,858 3,061,812 6,302,046 5,948,431 11,752,786 6,055,398 2,280,122 3,775,276 5,697,388 3,559,503 3,308,460 781,690 2,526,770 251,043 2001...................... 15,927,987 9,677,408 3,126,907 6,550,501 6,250,579 12,233,156 6,236,455 2,336,922 3,899,533 5,996,701 3,694,831 3,440,953 789,985 2,650,968 253,878 2002...................... 16,611,711 10,082,332 3,210,271 6,872,061 6,529,379 12,751,993 6,481,613 2,403,149 4,078,464 6,270,380 3,859,718 3,600,719 807,122 2,793,597 258,999 2003...................... 16,911,481 10,417,247 3,242,639 7,174,608 6,494,234 12,858,698 6,649,441 2,419,631 4,229,810 6,209,257 4,052,783 3,767,806 823,008 2,944,798 284,977 2004...................... 17,272,044 10,726,181 3,258,982 7,467,199 6,545,863 12,980,112 6,736,536 2,426,495 4,310,041 6,243,576 4,291,932 3,989,645 832,487 3,157,158 302,287

2005...................... 17,487,475 10,999,420 3,271,620 7,727,800 6,488,055 13,021,834 6,837,605 2,443,682 4,393,923 6,184,229 4,465,641 4,161,815 827,938 3,333,877 303,826 2006...................... 17,758,870 11,240,330 3,306,973 7,933,357 6,518,540 13,180,133 6,955,013 2,459,874 4,495,139 6,225,120 4,578,737 4,285,317 847,099 3,438,218 293,420 2007...................... 18,248,128 11,630,198 3,349,214 8,280,984 6,617,930 13,490,780 7,166,661 2,490,615 4,676,046 6,324,119 4,757,348 4,463,537 858,599 3,604,938 293,811 2008...................... 19,102,814 12,131,436 3,412,435 8,719,001 6,971,378 13,972,153 7,331,809 2,544,529 4,787,280 6,640,344 5,130,661 4,799,627 867,906 3,931,721 331,034 2009...................... 20,427,711 12,906,305 3,493,246 9,413,059 7,521,406 14,810,642 7,709,197 2,603,381 5,105,816 7,101,445 5,617,069 5,197,108 889,865 4,307,243 419,961

—Not available. 1Data for 2-year branch campuses of 4-year institutions are included with the 4-year institutions. 2Large increases are due to the addition of schools accredited by the Accrediting Com-mission of Career Schools and Colleges of Technology. 3Because of imputation techniques, data are not consistent with figures for other years. NOTE: Data through 1995 are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for degree-granting institutions. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the earlier higher education classification, but it includes

more 2-year colleges and excludes a few higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Appendix A: Guide to Sources for details.) Some data have been revised from previously published figures. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Opening Fall Enrollment in Higher Education, 1965; Higher Education General Informa-tion Survey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Institutions of Higher Education” surveys, 1966 through 1985; and 1986 through 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:86–99), and Spring 2001 through Spring 2010. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 293 Enrollment

Table 199. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by sex, age, and attendance status: Selected years, 1970 through 2019 [In thousands]

Sex, age, and attendance status 1970 1980 1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Projected

2010 2014 2019

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

All students ............................... 8,581 12,097 13,819 15,312 15,928 16,612 16,911 17,272 17,487 17,759 18,248 19,103 20,428 20,550 21,669 23,448 14 to 17 years old ............................... 259 247 177 140 161 162 184 184 210 204 202 193 200 208 213 248 18 and 19 years old ............................ 2,600 2,901 2,950 3,473 3,561 3,525 3,542 3,560 3,640 3,777 3,912 4,090 4,048 4,374 4,361 4,702 20 and 21 years old ............................ 1,880 2,424 2,761 3,104 3,291 3,405 3,519 3,634 3,676 3,717 3,751 3,929 3,891 4,316 4,401 4,534 22 to 24 years old ............................... 1,457 1,989 2,144 2,602 2,769 3,079 3,137 3,211 3,104 3,191 3,310 3,480 3,691 3,728 4,136 4,244 25 to 29 years old ............................... 1,074 1,871 1,982 1,963 2,023 2,130 2,195 2,306 2,397 2,421 2,561 2,737 3,059 2,922 3,159 3,597 30 to 34 years old ............................... 487 1,243 1,322 1,244 1,284 1,358 1,333 1,354 1,365 1,391 1,422 1,482 1,719 1,597 1,814 2,038 35 years old and over ......................... 823 1,421 2,484 2,786 2,839 2,954 3,001 3,022 3,095 3,058 3,091 3,191 3,820 3,405 3,584 4,086 Males .................................................. 5,044 5,874 6,284 6,722 6,961 7,202 7,260 7,387 7,456 7,575 7,816 8,189 8,770 8,904 9,163 9,610

14 to 17 years old ........................... 130 99 87 63 66 65 73 73 79 78 86 92 98 90 89 100 18 and 19 years old ........................ 1,349 1,375 1,421 1,559 1,608 1,590 1,580 1,569 1,608 1,690 1,767 1,850 1,798 1,987 1,954 2,075 20 and 21 years old ........................ 1,095 1,259 1,368 1,427 1,522 1,545 1,602 1,672 1,727 1,680 1,711 1,792 1,854 1,987 1,993 2,021 22 to 24 years old ........................... 964 1,064 1,107 1,234 1,315 1,430 1,427 1,453 1,401 1,451 1,499 1,558 1,666 1,700 1,844 1,843 25 to 29 years old ........................... 783 993 940 895 890 941 956 991 1,024 1,016 1,110 1,177 1,357 1,276 1,333 1,463 30 to 34 years old ........................... 308 576 537 530 527 567 550 550 539 586 598 640 713 704 773 830 35 years old and over...................... 415 507 824 1,014 1,032 1,065 1,072 1,080 1,078 1,073 1,045 1,080 1,284 1,161 1,176 1,278

Females .............................................. 3,537 6,223 7,535 8,591 8,967 9,410 9,651 9,885 10,032 10,184 10,432 10,914 11,658 11,645 12,506 13,838 14 to 17 years old ........................... 129 148 90 77 95 97 111 111 131 125 116 101 102 118 124 148 18 and 19 years old ........................ 1,250 1,526 1,529 1,914 1,953 1,935 1,962 1,991 2,031 2,087 2,145 2,240 2,250 2,387 2,407 2,627 20 and 21 years old ........................ 786 1,165 1,392 1,677 1,769 1,860 1,916 1,963 1,949 2,037 2,040 2,137 2,037 2,330 2,408 2,513 22 to 24 years old ........................... 493 925 1,037 1,368 1,453 1,649 1,710 1,759 1,703 1,740 1,811 1,922 2,025 2,028 2,292 2,401 25 to 29 years old ........................... 291 878 1,043 1,068 1,133 1,189 1,240 1,315 1,373 1,405 1,451 1,560 1,702 1,646 1,826 2,134 30 to 34 years old ........................... 179 667 784 714 757 791 782 804 826 805 825 842 1,006 893 1,041 1,208 35 years old and over...................... 409 914 1,659 1,772 1,807 1,889 1,930 1,942 2,018 1,984 2,046 2,112 2,537 2,243 2,407 2,807

Full-time............................................. 5,816 7,098 7,821 9,010 9,448 9,946 10,326 10,610 10,797 10,957 11,270 11,748 12,723 12,700 13,368 14,427 14 to 17 years old ........................... 242 223 144 124 136 135 150 139 155 150 161 162 171 165 170 199 18 and 19 years old ........................ 2,406 2,669 2,548 2,859 2,932 2,924 2,992 3,006 3,065 3,181 3,301 3,455 3,587 3,674 3,680 3,989 20 and 21 years old ........................ 1,647 2,075 2,151 2,434 2,618 2,719 2,845 2,897 2,951 2,991 3,036 3,177 3,268 3,480 3,566 3,694 22 to 24 years old ........................... 881 1,121 1,350 1,690 1,765 1,947 2,041 2,113 2,095 2,096 2,182 2,292 2,599 2,446 2,730 2,826 25 to 29 years old ........................... 407 577 770 880 920 1,023 1,069 1,127 1,170 1,193 1,257 1,317 1,490 1,439 1,571 1,813 30 to 34 years old ........................... 100 251 387 420 456 505 486 523 552 563 540 521 609 601 692 792 35 years old and over...................... 134 182 471 603 620 694 744 805 809 782 793 823 998 895 958 1,113 Males .............................................. 3,505 3,689 3,808 4,111 4,300 4,501 4,638 4,739 4,803 4,879 5,029 5,234 5,671 5,733 5,914 6,243

14 to 17 years old........................ 124 87 71 53 53 52 60 50 55 53 70 73 76 68 68 76 18 and 19 years old..................... 1,265 1,270 1,230 1,255 1,302 1,312 1,332 1,324 1,356 1,420 1,494 1,572 1,619 1,672 1,653 1,768 20 and 21 years old..................... 990 1,109 1,055 1,133 1,217 1,241 1,304 1,353 1,392 1,366 1,383 1,450 1,539 1,610 1,625 1,661 22 to 24 years old........................ 650 665 742 829 872 945 970 988 972 984 1,032 1,073 1,225 1,165 1,274 1,291 25 to 29 years old........................ 327 360 401 419 426 477 492 491 503 530 561 575 632 654 691 774 30 to 34 years old........................ 72 124 156 191 196 221 206 229 224 235 224 226 272 263 293 323 35 years old and over.................. 75 74 152 233 235 252 274 305 301 292 266 266 308 302 311 349

Females .......................................... 2,311 3,409 4,013 4,899 5,148 5,445 5,688 5,871 5,994 6,078 6,240 6,513 7,052 6,968 7,454 8,184 14 to 17 years old........................ 117 136 73 72 83 82 90 89 100 97 91 89 95 97 103 123 18 and 19 years old..................... 1,140 1,399 1,318 1,604 1,630 1,612 1,659 1,682 1,709 1,761 1,807 1,883 1,968 2,002 2,027 2,222 20 and 21 years old..................... 657 966 1,096 1,302 1,400 1,477 1,541 1,544 1,559 1,625 1,653 1,727 1,729 1,870 1,941 2,033 22 to 24 years old........................ 231 456 608 861 894 1,001 1,071 1,125 1,123 1,112 1,149 1,220 1,374 1,281 1,457 1,535 25 to 29 years old........................ 80 217 369 461 494 546 577 636 667 663 696 742 858 785 880 1,038 30 to 34 years old........................ 28 127 231 229 260 284 280 294 328 329 316 295 337 338 399 469 35 years old and over.................. 59 108 319 370 386 443 470 501 507 491 528 557 690 594 646 764

Part-time ............................................ 2,765 4,999 5,998 6,303 6,480 6,665 6,585 6,662 6,690 6,802 6,978 7,355 7,705 7,849 8,301 9,021 14 to 17 years old ........................... 17 38 32 16 25 28 34 45 55 53 41 31 29 43 43 48 18 and 19 years old ........................ 194 418 402 614 629 601 550 554 574 596 610 635 461 700 681 712 20 and 21 years old ........................ 233 441 610 670 674 686 674 737 725 726 715 752 623 836 836 840 22 to 24 years old ........................... 576 844 794 912 1,003 1,132 1,097 1,098 1,009 1,096 1,128 1,188 1,092 1,282 1,406 1,418 25 to 29 years old ........................... 668 1,209 1,213 1,083 1,103 1,107 1,126 1,179 1,227 1,228 1,304 1,420 1,569 1,483 1,588 1,784 30 to 34 years old ........................... 388 905 935 825 828 852 847 832 814 828 882 961 1,110 996 1,122 1,246 35 years old and over...................... 689 1,145 2,012 2,184 2,219 2,260 2,258 2,217 2,287 2,275 2,297 2,368 2,822 2,509 2,626 2,973 Males .............................................. 1,540 2,185 2,476 2,611 2,661 2,701 2,622 2,648 2,653 2,695 2,786 2,955 3,099 3,172 3,249 3,367

14 to 17 years old........................ 5 17 16 10 13 12 13 23 24 25 17 19 22 22 21 23 18 and 19 years old..................... 84 202 191 304 307 278 248 245 252 270 273 278 178 315 301 307 20 and 21 years old..................... 105 201 313 294 305 304 298 319 335 314 328 342 315 377 369 360 22 to 24 years old........................ 314 392 365 405 444 485 457 465 429 467 467 485 441 535 570 552 25 to 29 years old........................ 456 594 539 476 464 464 463 500 521 486 549 602 725 622 642 688 30 to 34 years old........................ 236 397 381 339 331 346 344 322 315 351 373 414 441 442 480 507 35 years old and over.................. 340 382 672 782 797 813 798 775 776 781 779 814 976 859 865 929

Females .......................................... 1,225 2,814 3,521 3,692 3,820 3,964 3,963 4,014 4,038 4,106 4,192 4,401 4,606 4,678 5,052 5,654 14 to 17 years old........................ 12 20 17 5 11 15 21 22 31 28 24 12 7 21 21 25 18 and 19 years old..................... 110 215 211 310 323 323 302 310 322 326 337 357 282 385 380 405 20 and 21 years old..................... 128 240 297 376 369 382 375 419 390 412 387 409 308 460 467 480 22 to 24 years old........................ 262 452 429 507 559 647 639 633 580 628 662 703 651 747 836 866 25 to 29 years old........................ 212 616 674 607 639 643 663 679 706 742 755 818 844 860 946 1,096 30 to 34 years old........................ 151 507 554 485 496 507 502 510 499 477 509 547 668 554 642 739 35 years old and over.................. 349 762 1,340 1,402 1,422 1,447 1,460 1,441 1,511 1,494 1,518 1,554 1,846 1,650 1,761 2,044

NOTE: Distributions by age are estimates based on samples of the civilian noninstitutional SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher population from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Current Population Survey. Data through 1995 Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Fall Enrollment in Colleges and Universi-are for institutions of higher education, while later data are for degree-granting institutions. ties” surveys, 1970 and 1980; 1990 through 2010 Integrated Postsecondary Education Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV Data System, “Fall Enrollment Survey” (IPEDS-EF:90–99), and Spring 2001 through federal financial aid programs. The degree-granting classification is very similar to the ear- Spring 2010; and Projections of Education Statistics to 2020. U.S. Department of Com-lier higher education classification, but it includes more 2-year colleges and excludes a few merce, Census Bureau, Current Population Survey (CPS), October, selected years, 1970 higher education institutions that did not grant degrees. (See Appendix A: Guide to through 2009. (This table was prepared September 2010.) Sources for details.) Some data have been revised from previously published figures. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

294 CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education Enrollment

Table 200. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by level of enrollment, sex, age, and attendance status of student: 2007 and 2009

Age of student and

Fall 2007 Fall 2009

All levels All levels Undergraduate Postbaccalaureate

attendance status Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females Total Males Females

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

All students ............................. 18,248,128 7,815,914 10,432,214 20,427,711 8,769,504 11,658,207 17,565,320 7,595,481 9,969,839 2,862,391 1,174,023 1,688,368 Under 18........................................... 668,426 277,582 390,844 757,239 314,150 443,089 756,952 314,045 442,907 287 105 182 18 and 19.......................................... 3,963,371 1,794,001 2,169,370 4,300,248 1,946,838 2,353,410 4,298,311 1,946,160 2,352,151 1,937 678 1,259 20 and 21.......................................... 3,642,872 1,647,492 1,995,380 4,003,222 1,814,622 2,188,600 3,971,829 1,802,523 2,169,306 31,393 12,099 19,294 22 to 24............................................. 3,009,713 1,381,504 1,628,209 3,315,227 1,520,388 1,794,839 2,725,760 1,282,572 1,443,188 589,467 237,816 351,651 25 to 29............................................. 2,550,482 1,091,510 1,458,972 2,961,851 1,277,580 1,684,271 2,044,157 881,057 1,163,100 917,694 396,523 521,171 30 to 34............................................. 1,365,912 551,208 814,704 1,635,355 663,459 971,896 1,177,534 457,992 719,542 457,821 205,467 252,354 35 to 39............................................. 980,818 368,814 612,004 1,128,666 426,387 702,279 841,719 305,628 536,091 286,947 120,759 166,188 40 to 49............................................. 1,266,171 423,603 842,568 1,449,671 498,553 951,118 1,097,374 371,599 725,775 352,297 126,954 225,343 50 to 64............................................. 627,603 208,067 419,536 734,572 247,034 487,538 536,289 184,110 352,179 198,283 62,924 135,359 65 and over....................................... 77,379 31,040 46,339 69,844 29,251 40,593 61,650 25,505 36,145 8,194 3,746 4,448 Age unknown.................................... 95,381 41,093 54,288 71,816 31,242 40,574 53,745 24,290 29,455 18,071 6,952 11,119

Full-time............................................ 11,269,892 5,029,444 6,240,448 12,722,782 5,670,644 7,052,138 11,143,499 4,976,727 6,166,772 1,579,283 693,917 885,366 Under 18 ....................................... 171,784 69,033 102,751 177,445 71,603 105,842 177,332 71,566 105,766 113 37 76 18 and 19...................................... 3,383,318 1,522,297 1,861,021 3,640,621 1,636,522 2,004,099 3,638,867 1,635,905 2,002,962 1,754 617 1,137 20 and 21...................................... 2,964,697 1,346,897 1,617,800 3,249,604 1,477,485 1,772,119 3,221,556 1,466,453 1,755,103 28,048 11,032 17,016 22 to 24......................................... 1,986,776 949,700 1,037,076 2,198,573 1,047,143 1,151,430 1,737,688 855,243 882,445 460,885 191,900 268,985 25 to 29......................................... 1,284,698 584,798 699,900 1,540,444 705,203 835,241 980,396 444,069 536,327 560,048 261,134 298,914 30 to 34......................................... 565,710 235,321 330,389 725,901 304,439 421,462 505,141 197,344 307,797 220,760 107,095 113,665 35 to 39......................................... 347,864 130,397 217,467 447,946 169,775 278,171 332,217 118,170 214,047 115,729 51,605 64,124 40 to 49......................................... 380,043 125,982 254,061 501,869 173,301 328,568 379,205 126,766 252,439 122,664 46,535 76,129 50 to 64......................................... 145,757 47,812 97,945 207,365 70,665 136,700 145,838 50,045 95,793 61,527 20,620 40,907 65 and over ................................... 4,868 2,260 2,608 6,642 2,871 3,771 4,378 1,853 2,525 2,264 1,018 1,246 Age unknown ................................ 34,377 14,947 19,430 26,372 11,637 14,735 20,881 9,313 11,568 5,491 2,324 3,167

Part-time ........................................... 6,978,236 2,786,470 4,191,766 7,704,929 3,098,860 4,606,069 6,421,821 2,618,754 3,803,067 1,283,108 480,106 803,002 Under 18 ....................................... 496,642 208,549 288,093 579,794 242,547 337,247 579,620 242,479 337,141 174 68 106 18 and 19...................................... 580,053 271,704 308,349 659,627 310,316 349,311 659,444 310,255 349,189 183 61 122 20 and 21...................................... 678,175 300,595 377,580 753,618 337,137 416,481 750,273 336,070 414,203 3,345 1,067 2,278 22 to 24......................................... 1,022,937 431,804 591,133 1,116,654 473,245 643,409 988,072 427,329 560,743 128,582 45,916 82,666 25 to 29......................................... 1,265,784 506,712 759,072 1,421,407 572,377 849,030 1,063,761 436,988 626,773 357,646 135,389 222,257 30 to 34......................................... 800,202 315,887 484,315 909,454 359,020 550,434 672,393 260,648 411,745 237,061 98,372 138,689 35 to 39......................................... 632,954 238,417 394,537 680,720 256,612 424,108 509,502 187,458 322,044 171,218 69,154 102,064 40 to 49......................................... 886,128 297,621 588,507 947,802 325,252 622,550 718,169 244,833 473,336 229,633 80,419 149,214 50 to 64......................................... 481,846 160,255 321,591 527,207 176,369 350,838 390,451 134,065 256,386 136,756 42,304 94,452 65 and over ................................... 72,511 28,780 43,731 63,202 26,380 36,822 57,272 23,652 33,620 5,930 2,728 3,202 Age unknown ................................ 61,004 26,146 34,858 45,444 19,605 25,839 32,864 14,977 17,887 12,580 4,628 7,952

Percentage distribution

All students ............................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 18........................................... 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.8 4.3 4.1 4.4 # # # 18 and 19.......................................... 21.7 23.0 20.8 21.1 22.2 20.2 24.5 25.6 23.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 and 21.......................................... 20.0 21.1 19.1 19.6 20.7 18.8 22.6 23.7 21.8 1.1 1.0 1.1 22 to 24............................................. 16.5 17.7 15.6 16.2 17.3 15.4 15.5 16.9 14.5 20.6 20.3 20.8 25 to 29............................................. 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.5 14.6 14.4 11.6 11.6 11.7 32.1 33.8 30.9 30 to 34............................................. 7.5 7.1 7.8 8.0 7.6 8.3 6.7 6.0 7.2 16.0 17.5 14.9 35 to 39............................................. 5.4 4.7 5.9 5.5 4.9 6.0 4.8 4.0 5.4 10.0 10.3 9.8 40 to 49............................................. 6.9 5.4 8.1 7.1 5.7 8.2 6.2 4.9 7.3 12.3 10.8 13.3 50 to 64............................................. 3.4 2.7 4.0 3.6 2.8 4.2 3.1 2.4 3.5 6.9 5.4 8.0 65 and over....................................... 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 Age unknown.................................... 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.7

Full-time............................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 18 ....................................... 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.7 # # # 18 and 19...................................... 30.0 30.3 29.8 28.6 28.9 28.4 32.7 32.9 32.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 20 and 21...................................... 26.3 26.8 25.9 25.5 26.1 25.1 28.9 29.5 28.5 1.8 1.6 1.9 22 to 24......................................... 17.6 18.9 16.6 17.3 18.5 16.3 15.6 17.2 14.3 29.2 27.7 30.4 25 to 29......................................... 11.4 11.6 11.2 12.1 12.4 11.8 8.8 8.9 8.7 35.5 37.6 33.8 30 to 34......................................... 5.0 4.7 5.3 5.7 5.4 6.0 4.5 4.0 5.0 14.0 15.4 12.8 35 to 39......................................... 3.1 2.6 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.9 3.0 2.4 3.5 7.3 7.4 7.2 40 to 49......................................... 3.4 2.5 4.1 3.9 3.1 4.7 3.4 2.5 4.1 7.8 6.7 8.6 50 to 64......................................... 1.3 1.0 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.9 1.3 1.0 1.6 3.9 3.0 4.6 65 and over ................................... # # # 0.1 0.1 0.1 # # # 0.1 0.1 0.1Age unknown ................................ 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4

Part-time ........................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Under 18 ....................................... 7.1 7.5 6.9 7.5 7.8 7.3 9.0 9.3 8.9 # # # 18 and 19...................................... 8.3 9.8 7.4 8.6 10.0 7.6 10.3 11.8 9.2 # # # 20 and 21...................................... 9.7 10.8 9.0 9.8 10.9 9.0 11.7 12.8 10.9 0.3 0.2 0.3 22 to 24......................................... 14.7 15.5 14.1 14.5 15.3 14.0 15.4 16.3 14.7 10.0 9.6 10.3 25 to 29......................................... 18.1 18.2 18.1 18.4 18.5 18.4 16.6 16.7 16.5 27.9 28.2 27.7 30 to 34......................................... 11.5 11.3 11.6 11.8 11.6 12.0 10.5 10.0 10.8 18.5 20.5 17.3 35 to 39......................................... 9.1 8.6 9.4 8.8 8.3 9.2 7.9 7.2 8.5 13.3 14.4 12.7 40 to 49......................................... 12.7 10.7 14.0 12.3 10.5 13.5 11.2 9.3 12.4 17.9 16.8 18.6 50 to 64......................................... 6.9 5.8 7.7 6.8 5.7 7.6 6.1 5.1 6.7 10.7 8.8 11.8 65 and over ................................... 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.6 0.4 Age unknown ................................ 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0

#Rounds to zero. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2007 NOTE: Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in and 2009 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Spring 2007 and Title IV federal financial aid programs. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. 2009. (This table was prepared September 2010.)

DIGEST OF EDUCATION STATISTICS 2010

CHAPTER 3: Postsecondary Education 295 Enrollment

Table 201. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions, by control and type of institution, age, and attendance status of student: 2009

Age of student and All institutions Public institutions

Private (not-for-profit and for-profit) institutions

Private not-for-profit institutions Private for-profit institutions

attendance status Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year Total Total 4-year 2-year Total 4-year 2-year

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

All students .................. 20,427,711 12,906,305 7,521,406 14,810,642 7,709,197 7,101,445 5,617,069 3,765,083 3,730,316 34,767 1,851,986 1,466,792 385,194 Under 18 ............................... 757,239 252,415 504,824 685,380 183,963 501,417 71,859 66,151 65,185 966 5,708 3,267 2,441 18 and 19 .............................. 4,300,248 2,645,704 1,654,544 3,373,060 1,776,382 1,596,678 927,188 805,278 797,161 8,117 121,910 72,161 49,749 20 and 21 .............................. 4,003,222 2,759,078 1,244,144 3,025,002 1,848,966 1,176,036 978,220 802,555 797,197 5,358 175,665 112,915 62,750 22 to 24 ................................. 3,315,227 2,286,382 1,028,845 2,480,545 1,523,533 957,012 834,682 584,991 580,104 4,887 249,691 182,745 66,946 25 to 29 ................................. 2,961,851 1,943,572 1,018,279 1,989,236 1,051,400 937