Digital Fan Regulator mini project

8/17/2019 Digital Fan Regulator mini project

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Abstract

Digital (Fan) Regulator is one of the applications of electronics

to increase the facilities of life. Fan is one of the unavoidable

Electronic equipment in our day to day life. It has become

essential element ithout hich people can!t lead a smooth

life. "he presence of a fan in a house or office is not no

considered as a lu#ury on the other hand it is included in the

basic requirement. "he uses of ne electronic theories have

been put don by e#pertise to increase the facilities given by

the e#isting appliance. $ere the facility of ordinary fan is

increased by the ma%ing its speed digitally displayed.

In digital fan regulator e can regulate the speed of the fan by

using tactile button. $ere the variation in the square ave

counts of IC (NE555) is used for regulating the speed.

& "actile button can be used for controlling speed of the fan.

'sing this circuit e can change the speed of the fan. "his

circuit is used for controlling the speed of the fan in levels.

"his innovation can be a success only if people are made aare

about its advantages and ho user*friendly it is. "he circuit can

be used to regulate the intensity of light maintain the changeof accuracy. "his innovation finds its use mainly to help the

industry here accuracy is needed in every moment.

+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114


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+o this topic as chosen for the necessity of regulation and the

concept is based on the basic regulation prototype as thought

in mind and the concept of doing this pro5ect as underta%en.

Project Image

+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114


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+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114


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Introduction

"he circuit presented here is that of a digital fan regulator

variable to provide five speeds levels as catered for in ordinary

fan regulators. "he circuit ma%es use of easily available

components. &n optional 2*segment display ith its associated

circuitry has been provided to display your choice of fan speed.

"he heart of the circuit is a module*8 binary counter built

around I- and I-6 (I- 279+28) hich is dual :; flip*flops. "he

counter counts up in a straight binary progression from 000 to

101 (i.e. from 0 to ) upon each successive cloc% edge and isreset to 000 upon ne#t cloc%. "he count sequence of the

counter has been summarised in "able 1.

+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114


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Block diagram

+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114


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+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114


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BLOCK

IA!"A#E$C"IP%IO

N+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114


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%rans&ormer

+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114


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& transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from

one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors

> the transformer?s coils or @indings@. "ransformer is used

here to step don the supply voltage to a level suitable for the

lo voltage components.

"he transformer used here is a 60/ (=A*0*=A) step don

transformer.

"egulator (IC '5)

+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114


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& voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to

automatically maintain a constant voltage level.

I- 2


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& capacitor (formerly %non as condenser) is a device for

storing electric charge. "he forms of practical capacitors vary

idely but all contain at least to conductors separated by a

non*conductor. -apacitors used as parts of electrical systems

for e#ample consist of metal foils separated by a layer of

insulating film.

$ere -apacitors used for noise filter.

+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114


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#onostable #ulti+ibrator (NE 555)

& multivibrator is an electronic circuit used to implement a

variety of simple to*state systems such as oscillators timers

and flip*flops. & monostable multivibrator as its name

indicates has a stable state and a quasi*stable state. &n

e#ternal trigger must be applied to change from the stable

state to the quasi*stable state.

$ere a CE I- is ired as monostable multivibrator. "he

trigger to the multivibrator is the signal from the sitch. "his

+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114


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multivibrator is used to delay the cloc% pulse of the decade

counter.

,li* &lo* (IC -'.L$'/)

& flip*flop or latch is a circuit that has to stable states and can

be used to store state information. "he circuit can be made to

change state by signals applied to one or more control inputs

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and ill have one or to outputs. Flip*flops and latches are a

fundamental building bloc% of digital electronics systems used

in computers communications and many other types of

systems.

Flip*flops and latches are used as data storage elements. +uch

data storage can be used for storage of state and such a circuit

is described as sequential logic. It can also be used for counting

of pulses and for synchroniing variably*timed input signals to

some reference timing signal.

ecoder (IC '.L$01)

+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114


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& decoder is a device hich does the reverse of an encoder

undoing the encoding so that the original information can be

retrieved. "he same method used to encode is usually 5ust

reversed in order to decode.

In digital electronics a decoder can ta%e the form of a multiple*

input multiple*output logic circuit that converts coded inputs

into coded outputs here the input and output codes are

different. e.g. n*to*n binary*coded decimal decoders. Enable

inputs must be on for the decoder to function otherise its

outputs assume a single @disabled@ output code ord. Decoding

is necessary in applications such as data multiple#ing 2

segment display and memory address decoding.

$e+en $egment is*la2 (,N)

+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114


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& seven*segment display or seven*segment indicator is a form

of electronic display device for displaying decimal numerals

that is an alternative to the more comple# dot*matri# displays.

+even*segment displays are idely used in digital cloc%s

electronic meters and other electronic devices for displaying

numerical information.

+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114


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-ircuit Diagram

+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114


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3orking Princi*le

9et us begin ith the assumption that the counter reads 000 at

poer C. "he monoshot built around I-1 (CE ) provides

necessary pulses to trigger the counter upon every depression

of sitch +1. 'pon the arrival of first edge the counter

advances to 001. "he outputs of the counter go to I-7 (I-

2716


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110. ut the to most significant bits of the counter force the

output of C&CD gate (I-2) to go lo to reset the counter to 000.

"he counter no begins to count through its normal sequence

all over again upon every %ey depression.

"he circuit does not provide the facility to memorise its

previous setting once it is poered FF or hen there is mains

failure.

Com*onents list

1. I- "imer

. I- 279+28 I- 2772 I- 279+00 I- 279+16


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11.9ed (mm)

PCB ,abrication

rinted -ircuit oards (-) play a vital role here in

determining the overall performance of the electronic

equipment. & good - design ensures that the noiseintroduced as a result of component placement and trac%

layout is held ithin limits hile still providing components

years of assembly maintenance and performance reliability.

rinted circuits boards are used to route electric signals

through copper trac% hich are firmly bonded to an insulating

base.

Ad+antages o& PCB o+er common 4iring

• -!s are necessary for connecting a large number of

electronic components in a very small area ith minimum

parasitic effects.+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114


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• -!s are simulated ith mass production ith less

chance of riting error.

• +mall components are easily mounted.

• +ervicing is simplified.

"he base materials used for -!s are glass epo#y epo#y

paper polyester etc. -opper foil used for copper clad is

manufactured by the process of electronic deposition.

"he properties of copper foil areL

"hic%nessL6M

meter

"hic%ness

toleranceL

N M

meter

urity of

-opperL==.


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(iii) Roller coating.

"he coated copper clad and laminated film negative is %ept in

intimate contact ith each other.

"he assembly is e#posed to 'A light and is rinsed in the

developer tan%. roper developer has to be used for a

particular photo resist and then the - is dyed in a tray. "he

dye reveals the flu# to be used for a particular photo resist.

"hen the - is dyed in a tray.

,abrication "he required circuit is designed and the layout of the circuit is

done on the component side as ell as the copper clad side.

+paces are provided for holes to insert the respective

components. Etch resistant in% coatings are given on the

interconnecting mar%s.

Etcing

"he copper clad - is etched ith ferrous chloride solution

containing a small amount of $ydro -hloric &cid for increasing

activeness of Ferric -hloride in etching. herever the varnish

coating is there the copper remains. "hen it is ashed ith

ater and #alic &cid.

rilling

"he required holes of suitable sie are drilled using tist drill.

Co the rinted -ircuit oard (-) is complete and ready for

soldering.+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114


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$oldering+oldering is the process of 5oining of to metals using an alloy

solder consisting of "in and 9ead (+n*b). "in determines the

melting hereas the 9ead is used to reduce the cost. &fter the

- fabrication is done the various components are arranged

at proper locations on the - and then the soldering is done.

&ll liquids consist of particles hich attract each other. "he

surface is alays trying to shrin% and this is because of surfacetension. "he principle behind soldering is that hen liquid

particles are brought in contact ith the alls of the solid

surface it may happen that the solid attracts the liquid surface.

"his property is called adhesive property. -are must be ta%en

that the melting point of solder is belo that of the metal so

that its surface is melted ithout melting ithout the metal.

,lu6

During the soldering process the flu# acts as a medium for

improving the degree of melting. "he basic functions of flu# are

mentioned beloL

• Removes o#ide from the surface.

•

&ssists the transfer of heat from the source to the 5oiningand provides a liquid cover including air gap.

• Removal of residue after the completion of the soldering

operation.

+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114


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PCB La2out

"he layout can be done either by hand or by using -

designing softare li%e R-&D or -ircuit Qa%er

+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114


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A**lication

• Digital Fan regulator based pro5ect board is used for

regulator purpose.

+uch as Fans Qotors etc.

• It can be used to control the intensity of various types of

lights i.e. Dimmer!

+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114


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Ad+antage

•

"his circuit is simple to use and efficient.• It can be assembled ith ease.

• It is cheap and hence very economic.

• It is small in sie.

• "hus by this pro5ect any sort of regulation can be

achieved.

+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114


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,uture de+elo*ment

"his digital fan regulator can be improved by the folloing

aysL

• In future aspect adding an IR system ill improve the

system so the speed change technique ill be prScised H

accurate. 3"+ 126


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• &dding temperature sensor ill improve the system

therefore the speed ill gradually increase each time

hen the heat increases. 3"100 / R"D4

• "he pro5ect can be further incorporated ith lights to

increase / decrease the intensity/illumination. 3dimmer4

• esides this concept can be moved to industry sectors

such as in induction motor hich can be operated

remotely by this pro5ect.

• $igh amount of current can also be operated by this

pro5ect.

Conclusion

+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114


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ith the %noledge of ne techniques in Electronics! e are

able to ma%e our life more comfortable. ne such application of

electronics is used in Tigital ,an "egulatorU.

"he same circuit finds its use in many more applications. y

this concept e can create various regulator systems that

mainly used in industries.

I feel that our product serves something good to this orld and

e li%e to present it before this prosperous orld.

"e&erence

+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114


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• .i%ipedia.org

• .google.co.in

• Electronics for you magaines

*************

+omnath Dey , --/E"-E/D/002 3010*114
http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.google.co.in/http://www.google.co.in/http://www.wikipedia.org/

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Digital Fan Regulator mini project