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Page 1: Digital Rights Management in the Academy MERLOT International Conference August 3, 2004 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs-NonCommercial

Digital Rights Management in the Academy

MERLOT International ConferenceAugust 3, 2004

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs-NonCommercial License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd-nc/1.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, California 94305, USA. The license permits non-commercial use, requires attribution and forbids modification.

Page 2: Digital Rights Management in the Academy MERLOT International Conference August 3, 2004 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs-NonCommercial

August 3, 2004MERLOT Conference: DRM in the Academy Page 2Eduworks Corporation

Purpose

Explore the management of digital content rights in a distributed ecosystem Requirements Processes Technologies Services Examples Issues

Consider the impact of digital rights management on MERLOT

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August 3, 2004MERLOT Conference: DRM in the Academy Page 3Eduworks Corporation

AgendaIntroduction and Agenda 1:00 – 1:10

Exercise: Non-Digital Scenario 1:10 – 1:40

The Digital Rights Challenge 1:40 – 2:00

Digital Rights Ecosystem Model 2:00 – 2:20

Exercise: Digital Scenario 2:20 – 2:40

Break 2:40 – 2:50

Exercise: Digital Scenario (Cont’d) 2:50 – 3:10

Demonstrator Projects and Tools 3:10 – 3:50

Discussion: MERLOT Implications 3:50 – 4:30

Page 4: Digital Rights Management in the Academy MERLOT International Conference August 3, 2004 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs-NonCommercial

Non-Digital Scenario

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SCENARIO: TEXT BOOKS

Author writes a book Publisher publishes it Publisher sells book to wholesaler Instructor selects book for course Wholesaler sells to College Bookstore Bookstore sells to Students

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August 3, 2004MERLOT Conference: DRM in the Academy Page 6Eduworks Corporation

Role Playing Scenario Duration - 40 minutes total

Assign Roles – Author, Publisher, Wholesaler, Retailer, Instructor,

Student, Book Step through the life cycle – at each step:

Market model, rights management expectations, law How are rights are defined, distributed, acquired,

enforced and tracked? Identify the technology used to support rights processes

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August 3, 2004MERLOT Conference: DRM in the Academy Page 7Eduworks Corporation

SCENARIO: Rights Perspective

© defined when book is published Publisher to Wholesaler to Bookstore to Student:

Rights distributed / acquired in exchange for money The physical book

Contains and renders content Is a token of exchange Helps enforce rights via copy protection & tracking

Rights are Governed by law, agreements & professional ethics (e.g.

attribution Supported by trusted B2B & B2C relationships

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Digital Rights Management Challenge

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August 3, 2004MERLOT Conference: DRM in the Academy Page 9Eduworks Corporation

What Changes in the Digital World?

Separation of content and rendering Digital files contain content Players render content A book does both

Replication and distribution Replication is (nearly) perfect Distribution is (nearly) free Books are hard to replicate and

require physical distribution

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August 3, 2004MERLOT Conference: DRM in the Academy Page 10Eduworks Corporation

What Changes in the Digital World?

Tracking and control How do you uniquely label a digital copy? How many digital copies have been distributed? Books can be physically ‘stacked and tracked’

The nature of distribution Services are unbundled (and less familiar) There are few barriers to participation in digital

distribution Who do you trust?

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Therefore … A move from organizational to technological

methods of rights management

In the ‘perfect’ digital world: Authors define rights and licenses when they create the

content Rights are expressed in a standardized form Distribution, repository and rendering technology

Recognizes Interprets Enforces Redistributes

But … we are at the beginning of the road

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Digital Rights Requirements in Academia

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August 3, 2004MERLOT Conference: DRM in the Academy Page 13Eduworks Corporation

Protect … or Share?

Protection is not the only goal The commercial licensing of inviolable content

directly to a consumer is only one model

For education and research, digital rights must support sharing and reuse DRM as an enabler, not

just a controlling technology Difficulty of accessing rights is

a barrier to reuse *

*NSDL Content Reusability project – www.reusablelearning.org

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August 3, 2004MERLOT Conference: DRM in the Academy Page 14Eduworks Corporation

Policy vs. Enforcement *

Digital Policy Management Identify and describe rights Set business rules Organize rights to enable content distribution

Digital Policy Enforcement Ensuring that digital rights are respected Not punitive, based on mutual benefit

Two different, but interrelated activities

* From a presentation by Chris Barlas of Rightscom at the EdMedia 2004 world conference in Lugano, Switzerland

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August 3, 2004MERLOT Conference: DRM in the Academy Page 15Eduworks Corporation

Tracking and Attribution

Goals of academic authors Share IP as widely as possible Receive proper attribution

Repositories and providers want to track usage Evaluation of the value of content Determining cost per use Reporting usage for funding and recognition

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Persistence and Standards Rights must persist in a distributed network

IT can provide control within the organizational firewall … but …

Content in academia must freely cross technological and organizational boundaries

Rights expressions must ‘persist’ so they are available wherever and whenever content is used.

Standards are needed For expressing, transmitting,

interpreting and enforcing However, we are not going to

enthrall you today with our vastknowledge of the details ofevolving standards Man turns to stone listening

to standards presentation

*

* Permission to use requested from Williams-Exeter Programme at Oxford - www.williams.edu/ dean/oxford/oxford.htm

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August 3, 2004MERLOT Conference: DRM in the Academy Page 17Eduworks Corporation

Overarching Issues

DRM = Management of Rights by Digital Means

Rights Management depends on models of IP Control (individual – organizational –

public) Rewards (fame – fortune – fulfillment) Constraints (policy – legal – technological) Content (form – function – properties) Relationships (trust – communication – economic)

In the digital world Content has changed Relationships have changed Standards are in their infancy Functionality is clumsy

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A Digital Rights Ecosystem Model

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DIGITAL RIGHTS ECOSYSTEM:

Law & Policy Market Mechanisms Rights Expectations Content workflows Content management

technology

Agents & Actors who distribute, acquire or enforce rights

Learning environments

Standards Infrastructure Services

A system formed by the interaction of a distributed learning community with

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Rights Management EnvironmentLaw ExpectationsPolicyMarket Mechanisms

DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT ECOSYSTEM

Environment in which DRM takes place

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Rights Management EnvironmentLaw ExpectationsPolicyMarket Mechanisms

DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT ECOSYSTEM

Librarians / Repository ManagersPublishersAuthors Faculty Students

Actors in the Ecosystem

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Author

Assemble

Publish

External Sites

--------------

Digital LibrariesE-stores

BookstoresEtc.

Internal Sites

-------------

Libraries,Repositories,Content Mgt

SystemsEtc.

Catalog

Find

Acquire

Distribute

Learning Management

Environments---------------Course Mgt Systems,

Collaborative Environments,

PortalsEtc.

Rights Management Environment

Use

Law ExpectationsPolicyMarket Mechanisms

DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT ECOSYSTEM

Librarians / Repository ManagersPublishersAuthors Faculty Students

CONTENT MANAGEMENT

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Content Life Cycle Create

Author Assemble

Offer Publish Catalog Distribute

Acquire Find Acquire Rights Acquire Content

Use

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August 3, 2004MERLOT Conference: DRM in the Academy Page 27Eduworks Corporation

Author

Assemble

Publish

Distribute

Content

Acquire Content

External Sites

--------------

Digital LibrariesE-stores

BookstoresEtc.

Internal Sites

-------------

Libraries,Repositories,Content Mgt

SystemsEtc.

Catalog

Find

Acquire

Distribute

Distribute Content

Acquire Content

Learning Management

Environments---------------Course Mgt Systems,

Collaborative Environments,

PortalsEtc.

Distribute Content

Acquire Content

Distribute Content

Acquire Content

Rights Management Environment

Use

Law ExpectationsPolicyMarket Mechanisms

DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT ECOSYSTEM

Librarians / Repository ManagersPublishersAuthors Faculty Students

The Flow of Content

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Rights Management Processes

Define Rights

Distribute / Acquire Rights

Enforce Rights

Track Usage

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August 3, 2004MERLOT Conference: DRM in the Academy Page 29Eduworks Corporation

Author

Assemble

Publish

Rights Management Environment

Distribute Rights

Acquire Rights

External Sites

--------------

Digital LibrariesE-stores

BookstoresEtc.

Internal Sites

-------------

Libraries,Repositories,Content Mgt

SystemsEtc.

Catalog

Find

Acquire

Distribute

Enforce and Distribute Rights

Acquire Rights and Track Usage

Acquire Rights and

Track Usage

Distribute Rights

Learning Management

Environments---------------Course Mgt Systems,

Collaborative Environments,

PortalsEtc.

Enforce and Distribute

Rights

Acquire Rights and

Track UsageUse

Law ExpectationsPolicyMarket Mechanisms

DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT ECOSYSTEM

Librarians / Repository ManagersPublishersAuthors Faculty Students

The Flow of Rights

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Author

Assemble

Publish

Rights Management Environment

Distribute Rights

Acquire Rights

Expression / Enforcement Standards

Infrastructure Services (Some Standardized)

Rights Expression

Content Protection

Content Registry

Authentication AuthorizationFinancial Services

Rights Registry

Usage Tracking & Reporting Services

External Sites

--------------

Digital LibrariesE-stores

BookstoresEtc.

Internal Sites

-------------

Libraries,Repositories,Content Mgt

SystemsEtc.

Catalog

Find

Acquire

Distribute

Enforce and Distribute Rights

Acquire Rights and Track Usage

Acquire Rights and

Track Usage

Distribute Rights

Learning Management

Environments---------------Course Mgt Systems,

Collaborative Environments,

PortalsEtc.

Enforce and Distribute

Rights

Acquire Rights and

Track UsageUse

Law ExpectationsPolicyMarket Mechanisms

DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT ECOSYSTEM

Librarians / Repository ManagersPublishersAuthors Faculty Students

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August 3, 2004MERLOT Conference: DRM in the Academy Page 31Eduworks Corporation

Author

Assemble

Publish

Rights Management Environment

Distribute Rights

Acquire Rights

Expression / Enforcement Standards

Infrastructure Services (Some Standardized)

Rights Expression

Content Protection

Content Registry

Authentication AuthorizationFinancial Services

Rights Registry

Usage Tracking & Reporting Services

External Sites

--------------

Digital LibrariesE-stores

BookstoresEtc.

Internal Sites

-------------

Libraries,Repositories,Content Mgt

SystemsEtc.

Catalog

Find

Acquire

Distribute

Enforce and Distribute Rights

Acquire Rights and Track Usage

Acquire Rights and

Track Usage

Distribute Rights

Learning Management

Environments---------------Course Mgt Systems,

Collaborative Environments,

PortalsEtc.

Enforce and Distribute

Rights

Acquire Rights and

Track UsageUse

Law ExpectationsPolicyMarket Mechanisms

DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT ECOSYSTEM

Librarians / Repository ManagersPublishersAuthors Faculty Students

Rights expression

A machine (and human) readable expression of what can be done with content under what

conditions. Licenses can be written using rights expressions. A rights expression

language is a grammar and vocabulary for expressing rights in a standardized format.

Page 29: Digital Rights Management in the Academy MERLOT International Conference August 3, 2004 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs-NonCommercial

August 3, 2004MERLOT Conference: DRM in the Academy Page 32Eduworks Corporation

Author

Assemble

Publish

Rights Management Environment

Distribute Rights

Acquire Rights

Expression / Enforcement Standards

Infrastructure Services (Some Standardized)

Rights Expression

Content Protection

Content Registry

Authentication AuthorizationFinancial Services

Rights Registry

Usage Tracking & Reporting Services

External Sites

--------------

Digital LibrariesE-stores

BookstoresEtc.

Internal Sites

-------------

Libraries,Repositories,Content Mgt

SystemsEtc.

Catalog

Find

Acquire

Distribute

Enforce and Distribute Rights

Acquire Rights and Track Usage

Acquire Rights and

Track Usage

Distribute Rights

Learning Management

Environments---------------Course Mgt Systems,

Collaborative Environments,

PortalsEtc.

Enforce and Distribute

Rights

Acquire Rights and

Track UsageUse

Law ExpectationsPolicyMarket Mechanisms

DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT ECOSYSTEM

Librarians / Repository ManagersPublishersAuthors Faculty Students

Content Protection

Preventing or discouraging the unauthorized use of content. E.g. copy or print protection. Supported by standards such as encryption,

digital watermarking, etc.

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August 3, 2004MERLOT Conference: DRM in the Academy Page 33Eduworks Corporation

Author

Assemble

Publish

Rights Management Environment

Distribute Rights

Acquire Rights

Expression / Enforcement Standards

Infrastructure Services (Some Standardized)

Rights Expression

Content Protection

Content Registry

Authentication AuthorizationFinancial Services

Rights Registry

Usage Tracking & Reporting Services

External Sites

--------------

Digital LibrariesE-stores

BookstoresEtc.

Internal Sites

-------------

Libraries,Repositories,Content Mgt

SystemsEtc.

Catalog

Find

Acquire

Distribute

Enforce and Distribute Rights

Acquire Rights and Track Usage

Acquire Rights and

Track Usage

Distribute Rights

Learning Management

Environments---------------Course Mgt Systems,

Collaborative Environments,

PortalsEtc.

Enforce and Distribute

Rights

Acquire Rights and

Track UsageUse

Law ExpectationsPolicyMarket Mechanisms

DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT ECOSYSTEM

Librarians / Repository ManagersPublishersAuthors Faculty Students

Authentication and Authorization

Authentication is the process of establishing the identity of a user.

Authorization is the process of determining what a user is permitted to do.

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August 3, 2004MERLOT Conference: DRM in the Academy Page 34Eduworks Corporation

Author

Assemble

Publish

Rights Management Environment

Distribute Rights

Acquire Rights

Expression / Enforcement Standards

Infrastructure Services (Some Standardized)

Rights Expression

Content Protection

Content Registry

Authentication AuthorizationFinancial Services

Rights Registry

Usage Tracking & Reporting Services

External Sites

--------------

Digital LibrariesE-stores

BookstoresEtc.

Internal Sites

-------------

Libraries,Repositories,Content Mgt

SystemsEtc.

Catalog

Find

Acquire

Distribute

Enforce and Distribute Rights

Acquire Rights and Track Usage

Acquire Rights and

Track Usage

Distribute Rights

Learning Management

Environments---------------Course Mgt Systems,

Collaborative Environments,

PortalsEtc.

Enforce and Distribute

Rights

Acquire Rights and

Track UsageUse

Law ExpectationsPolicyMarket Mechanisms

DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT ECOSYSTEM

Librarians / Repository ManagersPublishersAuthors Faculty Students

Content Registry

A registry is a storehouse of information about content that provides persistent unique

identifiers. Registries may provide means to find content in ways that are more

dependable than direct pointers to content.

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Author

Assemble

Publish

Rights Management Environment

Distribute Rights

Acquire Rights

Expression / Enforcement Standards

Infrastructure Services (Some Standardized)

Rights Expression

Content Protection

Content Registry

Authentication AuthorizationFinancial Services

Rights Registry

Usage Tracking & Reporting Services

External Sites

--------------

Digital LibrariesE-stores

BookstoresEtc.

Internal Sites

-------------

Libraries,Repositories,Content Mgt

SystemsEtc.

Catalog

Find

Acquire

Distribute

Enforce and Distribute Rights

Acquire Rights and Track Usage

Acquire Rights and

Track Usage

Distribute Rights

Learning Management

Environments---------------Course Mgt Systems,

Collaborative Environments,

PortalsEtc.

Enforce and Distribute

Rights

Acquire Rights and

Track UsageUse

Law ExpectationsPolicyMarket Mechanisms

DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT ECOSYSTEM

Librarians / Repository ManagersPublishersAuthors Faculty Students

Rights (License) Registry

A place where licenses associated with content may be permanently stored and

readily accessed. License registries associate rights to content in a persistent fashion, and

allows licenses to be accessed remotely. (Creative Commons is one example.)

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Author

Assemble

Publish

Rights Management Environment

Distribute Rights

Acquire Rights

Expression / Enforcement Standards

Infrastructure Services (Some Standardized)

Rights Expression

Content Protection

Content Registry

Authentication AuthorizationFinancial Services

Rights Registry

Usage Tracking & Reporting Services

External Sites

--------------

Digital LibrariesE-stores

BookstoresEtc.

Internal Sites

-------------

Libraries,Repositories,Content Mgt

SystemsEtc.

Catalog

Find

Acquire

Distribute

Enforce and Distribute Rights

Acquire Rights and Track Usage

Acquire Rights and

Track Usage

Distribute Rights

Learning Management

Environments---------------Course Mgt Systems,

Collaborative Environments,

PortalsEtc.

Enforce and Distribute

Rights

Acquire Rights and

Track UsageUse

Law ExpectationsPolicyMarket Mechanisms

DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT ECOSYSTEM

Librarians / Repository ManagersPublishersAuthors Faculty Students

Financial Services

Financial systems, human resources systems, and other ‘enterprise systems’ manage access

to content based on departmental charge-backs, user fees, manager permissions and

other factors.

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Author

Assemble

Publish

Rights Management Environment

Distribute Rights

Acquire Rights

Expression / Enforcement Standards

Infrastructure Services (Some Standardized)

Rights Expression

Content Protection

Content Registry

Authentication AuthorizationFinancial Services

Rights Registry

Usage Tracking & Reporting Services

External Sites

--------------

Digital LibrariesE-stores

BookstoresEtc.

Internal Sites

-------------

Libraries,Repositories,Content Mgt

SystemsEtc.

Catalog

Find

Acquire

Distribute

Enforce and Distribute Rights

Acquire Rights and Track Usage

Acquire Rights and

Track Usage

Distribute Rights

Learning Management

Environments---------------Course Mgt Systems,

Collaborative Environments,

PortalsEtc.

Enforce and Distribute

Rights

Acquire Rights and

Track UsageUse

Law ExpectationsPolicyMarket Mechanisms

DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT ECOSYSTEM

Librarians / Repository ManagersPublishersAuthors Faculty Students

Usage Tracking and Reporting Services

Usage tracking and reporting services are likely to be part of a widely distributed ecosystem, partly to support ‘per use’

financial models. Such services may be linked to content registries.

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Exercise: Digital Scenario

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Checklist for applying the model Environmental factors that affect rights management:

Market models; The legal and policy context; Important actors (organizations and people) and roles; Expectations for the management of rights

Content lifecycle(s) in the scenario. Where and how should rights be

Defined; Acquired and distributed; Enforced Where and how usage should be tracked. What services are required to support rights management

processes? What services are provided by existing technology? Identify what functionality gaps need to be filled and what

approaches are realistic

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SCENARIO: Learning Object Repository* State Resource Center

Develops a piece of content themselves (adaptable content) Gets a piece of content from PBS

Digital Repository Reviews the content, generates metadata descriptions,

catalogs University / School District Library

Identifies useful repository resources Incorporates into their catalog / teacher portal

Teachers Discover and use content Modify content Deliver to Students via learning management environment

* Based on scenarios from U.S. Eisenhower National Clearinghouse (ENC)

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Scenario Analysis Purpose:

Explore the requirements for individuals, technology and organizations to support a comprehensive distributed digital rights ecosystem.

Examine rights management issues and requirements within the context of the repository scenario.

Process: Assign roles – Authors, state resource center, digital

repository, school district library, teacher, content Step through the simulation

Flow from the creation of the content all the way to its eventual use by a student

Identify rights management requirements and processes at each step

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Environment / Requirements

The repository is a distributor Rights are determined by a range of rights holders, not the

repository. Rights management issues include

Viewing Modification Distribution Attribution Tracking

Catalog records are also intellectual property. Repository wants attribution Repository wants to maintain quality branding

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Content Life Cycle and Rights Life Cycle

Content authored by a range of sources Repository finds content or has it submitted to them Repository categorizes, evaluates and describes content

and creates catalog records Users search repository to find content for a range of

uses

Rights Defined by authors when content is created Repository defines rights for catalog records themselves Repository may need to access rights through a number

of layers in between them and the author Need to interpret, display and distribute rights as part of

catalog in a consistent way

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Usage Tracking and Services Needed

Usage Tracking Repository wants to track and report usage of assets

back to the source, and to funding agencies

Services Required Rights expression for consistent display and

interpretation Persistent unique identifiers to avoid redundant entries,

and for ongoing maintenance Usage tracking service, including the tracking of the

reuse of catalog records by other repositories

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Services Provided and Gaps

Services Provided None of those described are yet available

Gaps Standards and technology are emerging for:

Digital rights expression language Persistent unique identifiers / registries

Nothing on the horizon for usage tracking services

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Other Digital Scenarios

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SCENARIO 1: Commercial “E-Packs”

Textbook publisher sells “e-packs” (or “course packs”).

E-packs are loaded directly into a Course Management System*.

Students access content through the Course Management System.

* Same as “Virtual Learning Environment” or “Learning Management System”

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Environment / Requirements

Remuneration for publisher. Attribution for author. Local copies for students. School required to control access

per class or section or per individually purchased license.

Publisher expects access to be restricted

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Content Life Cycle and Rights

A simple linear life cycle Content enters ecosystem from a controlled source

(publisher) Distributed via course management system Used by student

Rights Defined through law and contract Trusted partners (publisher, bookstore, IT) Enforced by CMS restricting access to registered

students Content could require students to have a license code

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Usage Tracking and Services Needed

Usage Tracking At the CMS when content is used, or At bookstore when license and textbook sold

Services Required Copy protection / encryption Authentication and authorization Financial services (fees for licenses) Usage tracking and reporting

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Services Provided and Gaps

Services Provided CMS or IT env’t provides authentication and

authorization Financial and usage tracking available via

bookstore

Gaps CMS cannot support entry of license code for

content Copy protection not in student computing env’t No persistence of rights outside of CMS

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SCENARIO 2: Sharing a Test Bank*

A professor creates a bank of interactive test questions.

The funding comes from a grant with no intellectual property strings attached.

* Contributed by Gerd Kortemeyer, Director, Michigan State University Laboratory for Instructional Technology in Education

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Environment / Requirements

Use is free for educational purposes Commercial use requires permission

Source code may be installed with permission and proper safeguards

Professor wants attribution and record of all uses Does not want students to access questions

and answers outside of a course Instructors want scores reported to Course

Management Systems

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Content Life Cycle and Rights

Distributed Network life cycle Prof creates question bank in personal env’t Distributes via her web site and loads to university

library repository Faculty load content to other school’s CMS Some faculty want to make changes

Rights Partners not known in advance Access is governed by roles (student and faculty) Modification not allowed without permission Copy / print enforcement needed to prevent students

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Usage Tracking and Services Needed

Usage Tracking Prof wants usage and question results reported

Services Required Copy protection / encryption Authentication and role-based authorization

(prof’s web site, library repository and all CMS systems)

Expression of rights so faculty understand Usage tracking and reporting

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Services Provided and Gaps

Services Provided Authentication and authorization

part of library repository and CMS environments Shibboleth can support cross-institution

Downloads can be tracked Some file formats can be copy protected

Gaps Prof’s web site not secure Downloading faculty could grant access to students Depending on format, no copy protection External CMS won’t report usage to prof No standard rights expression language

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SCENARIO 3 –TEACH Act* A History professor

wishes to make a portion of a copyrighted film available to students online.

The professor's institution owns a copy of the film on videotape* US Copyright Law Exemption:

Technology, Education And Copyright Harmonization ACT

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Environment / Requirements

Teach Act Requirements College must be accredited. College must obtain a digitized copy if possible. (If not,

then may digitize film.) Copyright policy must be in place; faculty and

appropriate staff must be educated. Use must be under “instructor supervision.” Copyright notice must be displayed. Access must be restricted to class members and for a

reasonable time period. Students must be technologically prevented from

redistributing or retaining copies past deadline.

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Content Life Cycle and Rights

Life Cycle Prof purchases as a consumer Loaded to server Viewed by students enrolled in course

Rights Rights defined by PBS at time of production and sale TEACH act grants restricted usage and distribution rights Students acquire rights to view when then enroll in class Enforcement require to prevent student copying, and to

stop access when class is over

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Usage Tracking and Services Needed

Usage Tracking CC not required to track usage Prof may want to track for pedagogical

purposes

Services Required Authentication and authorization Content copy protection / encryption Restrict student access to time enrolled in class

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Services Provided and Gaps

Services Provided CMS provides authentication and authorization CMS restricts access to enrolled students while class is

on Media servers can prevent copying

Gaps Ability to have rights associated directly with content,

rather than having to program CMS every time a course is held.

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Demonstrator Projects and Tools

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COLIS

See COLIS slides

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Key Points to COLIS

Rights are expressed through a rights expression language

Rights are enforced at point of delivery Includes repository services & directory

services

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CELEBRATE

CELEBRATE slides

CELEBRATE demonstration site

http://demoportal.eun.org/

For information on CELEBRATE

http://www.eun.org/eun.org2/eun/en/index_celebrate.cfm

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Key Points to CELEBRATE Rights embedded in metadata via a rights

expression language A Brokerage provides federated search &

rights management services Brokerage mediates and records

agreements among highly trusted clients Users are not identified; they are hidden

behind LMS / CMS that communicate and enforce constraints

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What Is Microsoft Rights Management Server (RMS)? * Information protection technology

works with RMS-enabled applications to help safeguard digital information from unauthorized use

online and offline inside and outside the firewall Includes encryption, certificates and authentication

technologies Protection of information through persistent

usage policies, which remain with the information—no matter where it goes XrML – eXtensible rights Markup Language

* Extracted from– “Microsoft Windows Rights Management Services for Windows Server 2003”, www.microsoft.com, October 2003

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Microsoft RMS and GigaTrust

GigaTrust presentation

Rights Definition and Enforcement

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Key Points about RMS and GigaTrust Rights embedded in rights expression Access to central server required to get

access to license Authentication (based on email address in

demo) required to get the license Encryption prevents access without license Rights persist regardless of file location

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Discussion - MERLOT Recommendations

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Rights & Permissions Guidelines

The NSDL Reusable Learning project has developed Guidelines for reusability

Structure is modeled after Web Accessibility guidelines

The handout contains the guidelines that pertain to rights

These may be useful in the subsequent discussion

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Rights & Permissions GuidelinesProvide a statement of rights and permissions. Grant

appropriate rights.

Statement of Copyright (P1) - The copyright should be clearly stated, and include contact information for the copyright holder.

Terms of Use (P1) - A license or explicit statement of rights and terms of use should be attached to or referenced in the resource.

Grant Modification Rights (P2) - Grant rights to modify the digital learning resource, or provide contact information for asking permission.

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Recommendations

Write down 2 concrete recommendations for MERLOT or MERLOT contributors with regard to Rights Management and related topics (5 minutes)

Post to Flip chart

Sharing and discussion

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Moving Forward

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Conclusions from Examples

DRM models emerging for federations Persistence not yet addressed Services / Standards are emerging

Persistent Unique Identifiers Rights Expression Languages Federated trusted authorization Standardized licenses Tracking services Content protection

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Challenges

There are demonstrators, but … Limited in scope Need solutions now

There are standards and technology, but … Not ready Won’t be ready soon

Changing the world would be nice, but … Decision makers need answers now Implementers need answers now Users need answers now

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Some Tools of the Trade Rights Expression Languages

Standardized expressions of rights (permissions, conditions, offers etc.)

XML – machine & human readable (somewhat) Key for persistent DRM

Creative Commons Licenses Standardized grants of rights by copyrights holders Easily incorporated, legally correct

Persistent Unique Identifiers “Handle” systems Registration authorities Standardized

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Questions & Answers

Contact information: [email protected] [email protected]

Slides will be available from http://www.eduworks.com/library