Digital Terrestrial TV BroadcastCurrent situation and future perspectives

Erik StareTeracom

Overview

1. About Teracom

2. Digital Terrestrial TV Broadcasting

• Short tutorial

• Standards

3. Challenges for terrestrial broadcasting

4. WiB – the basis for next-generation standards for terrestrial

broadcasting (and broadband?)

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 2

What does Teracom do?

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 3

We use terrestrial transmitters…

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 4

… often at 300 m height…

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 5

…to allow for roof-top reception of digital TV…

… and in many cases

in-door reception

We also transmit FM radio…

…and digital radio

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 6

We are located throughout Sweden

FM coverage TV coverage Backbone network

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 7

2018-04-28 8

About Teracom

About the company (2017)

• Operates the digital terrestrialTV and radio networks in Sweden and Denmark

• Operates FM radio in Sweden and Denmark

• Media hub for 1000 TV channels

Media & Broadcast

• Operates about 6000 km ofradiolink (microwave)

• Uses about 6000 km of fibre in Sweden

• About 900 sites• Co-location and data centers

Networks

• Operates current TETRA-basedRAKEL network in Sweden

• Responsible for the coastalradio/satellite system in Denmark

Public Pretection & Disaster Relief

• Turnover: 1.987 GSEK• Result: 480 MSEK• 560 employees• Founded in 1992 with old roots

from Televerket• Own field service organisation

over the entire country

Swedish DTT Network - Our customers

Erik Stare

Pay-tv Operators

Broadcasters

2017-03-29 9

Swedish DTT Network – Service mix

• 56 national program services: o 47 SDTV och 9 HDTV

o 6 free-to air and 50 pay-tv services (Boxer)

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 10

Bergkvist/Tullstedt This document is the property of TERACOM AB and may not without our written permission be copied, imparted to a third party or used for any other unauthorized purpose.

Swedish DTT network: services and multiplexes

Multiplex 1 Multiplex 2 Multiplex 3 Multiplex 5 Multiplex 6 Multiplex 7 T2T2T222 20 20 33 37 31

Bergkvist/Tullstedt This document is the property of TERACOM AB and may not without our written permission be copied, imparted to a third party or used for any other unauthorized purpose.

MPEG4 HD based serviceTime shared services reg Regional insertionsBroadcast hours07

23MPEG2 SD based service(Free-to-air) Unscrambled service (NN) Logical Channel NumberFTA

2018-04-01

Sjuan(7)

TV4

reg

(4)

Kanal 11(11)

TV4 Fakta(24)

TV3

reg

(3)

Kanal 5

reg

(5)

Kanal 9(9)

MTV

TLC

TV8

TV10

(8)

(10)

(17)

(21)

(14)

Discovery Channel

(12) TV12

TNT(15)

Eurosport 2(48)

BBC World News(27)

Axess TV(25)

C More Series(52)

History(30)

(53)

(31)

Fox(13)

Disney XD(39)

BBC Earth(37)

Cartoon Network(37)

CNN(26)

C More First(51)

(22) Investigation Discovery

TV6(6)

Nickelodeon Comedy Central(34) (16)

National Geographic HD

Sportkanalen

BBC Brit

Viasat Explore

Travel Channel

(19)

(55)

(46)

(54)

(23)

(32)

(29)

C More Live HD/Hits HD

C More Fotboll/Hockey/Stars

Al Jazeera(28)

C More Sport/SF-kanalen

06

18(35) NickJr TV4 Film

(41)

Regional service

(82) fixed capacity

Kanal 5 HD

TV4 HD

reg

reg

SVT1 HD

reg

SVT2 HD

TV3 HD

(65)

(64)

(63)

(62)

(61)

reg

Animal Planet HD(20)

Horse & Country TV

Kunskapskanalen

SVT2

2 reg

SVT1

2 reg

(1/96)

(2/97)

(98)

(99)

Eurosport(47)

Barnkanalen/SVT24

05

19

06

18

06

Disney

Channel(38)

22

VH1 (42)

(36)Boomerang

06

21

Swedish DTT Network - Infrastructure

• Mux* 1 (Public Service) 99,8% coverage**

• Mux 2-7 98% coverage

• Main stations 54 (mux 1-7)

• Intermediate stations 110 (mux 1-7)

• Small sites 416 (mux 1)

* DTT Multiplex = A bundle of TV services that have been digitized, compressed and combined into a

data-stream for transmission to the consumer over a single channel

** Population coverage2017-03-29 Erik Stare 12

Swedish DTT Network – Customer offerings

DTT Broadcast:- 98% coverage- Basic SLA- MPEG2/SD, MPEG4/SD, MPEG4/HD

Local content distribution (e.g. local news and advertising)

Basic DTT Broadcast

Extended coverage

Regionalization

Enhanced SLA

Additional 1,8% coverage

Improved SLA (reliability, security etc)

All customers

SVT

SVT

SVT, TV4,

TV3, Kanal 5

+ local services

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 13

Swedish DTT Network – Regionalization 2017

Broadcast service Regionalization

SVT1 / SVT2 21 + 21 regions

SVT1 HD / SVT2 HD 19 + 19 regions

TV3 19 regions

TV3 HD 19 regions

TV4 28 regions

TV4 HD 28 regions

Kanal 5 19 regions

Local TV services 3 services

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 14

Very short tutorial aboutdigital terrestrial TV

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 15

Simplified transmission chain for digital terrestrial TV

Channel

De-

mux

Mux

Video

coding

Audio

coding

Video

decoding

Audio

decoding

Modulation

Demodulation

Uncompressed

video

Uncompressed

audio

Decompressed

video

Decompressed

audio

MPEG-2 TSRF

(”air interface”)

Other services

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 16

Constant and variable bit rate

• The efficiency of video coding / bit rate reduction depends on a number of

factors, e.g. how ”difficult” the material is

• Because the criticality of the material varies over time one gets the

following relations:‒ With constant bit rate (CBR) the quality varies over time

‒ With constant quality one gets a variable bit rate (VBR)

‒ None of these are desirable!

Picture quality, Q Picture quality, Q

tid tid

B, bit rate Q, Subjective picture quality

CBR VBR

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 17

Statistical multiplexing

• A large number of variable-bit rate (VBR) video services are

combined into a stream that has both constant bit rate and a

constant video quality

Time

Capacity

Mbit/s

TV service 4

TV service 3

TV service 2

TV service 1

Service Information, CA, bootloading etc

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 18

Multiplexing

• The result of the audio/video coding is put in so-called MPEG-2 Transport

Stream packets (TS packets)

• The multiplexing operation assembles TS packets from different services to

one single data stream – the MPEG-2 Transport Stream (MPEG-2 TS)‒ One ”colour” per service component (e.g. ”video of SVT2” or ”audio of SVT1”)

• This stream is broadcast over the air by the modulator/transmitter and is

demultiplexed by the receiver

TS packet 1 TS packet 2 TS packet 3 …

188 byte = 188 x 8 bits per TS packet

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 19

…

MPEG-2 Transport Stream (TS)

Modulation

Channel

De-

mux

Mux

Video

coding

Audio

coding

Video

decoding

Audio

decoding

Modulation

Demodulation

Uncompressed

video

Uncompressed

audio

Decompressed

video

Decompressed

audio

MPEG-2 TSConstant bit rate

RF signalUHF: 8 MHz (ch.21-48)

VHF: 7 MHz (ch. 5-12)

DVB-T or DVB-T2

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 20

Spectrum for Digital Terrestrial TV

• UHF band IV/V channel 21-48: 470-694 MHz

• VHF band III channel 5-12: 174-230 MHz

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

frequency

7 MHz

174 MHz 230 MHz

VHF band III

frequency

8 MHz

790 MHz

UHF band IV/V

21 22 … … 60…4948… … … 47 61 … 69

862 MHz

800 MHz

band

(earlier allocated

to 4G/LTE)

700 MHz

Band

(fully released

31 Oct 2017)

694 MHz470 MHz

Status today of

700 MHz band release(green=no DTT

in 700 MHz band)

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 21

Worldwide Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcast Standards

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 22

DVB-T and DVB-T2

• DVB-T (1997) was the first emission standard for digital terrestrial TV‒ 8 MHz RF bandwidth

‒ Possible to choose trade-off between capacity and C/N (C/I) performance

‒ Used in mux 1-5

‒ Capacity = 22.1 Mbit/s with same coverage as analogue TV

• DVB-T2 (2009) is based on DVB-T but with a lot of new functionality

• DVB-T2 allows for about 50% higher capacity than DVB-T for the

same coverage

• After release of 700 MHz band (after 31 Oct 2017)‒ 3 muxes with DVB-T (SD with MPEG-2/MPEG-4 video coding)

‒ 3 muxes with DVB-T2 (SD & HD with MPEG-4 video coding)

‒ Total broadcast capacity per site = 163 Mbit/s

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 23

DVB-T och DVB-T2 use OFDM

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

frequency relative to centre frequency f cp

ow

er

sp

ectr

um

de

nsity

MHz

dB

2 k mode

8 k mode

OFDM spectrum

Representation of OFDM in

the time-frequency plane

Guard Interval (GI)/Cyclic prefix (CP)

used to protect against multipath

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 24

DVB-T2 builds on DVB-T

• OFDM based (thousends of orthogonal carriers)

• Same basic OFDM parameters as DVB-T‒ FFT size‒ Guard interval‒ Pilot patterns

• But also many new values

• Many other additions and improvements

• A lot of the signal processing in the receiver is similar to DVB-T

• T2 receivers also support DVB-T

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 25

Symbol time (FFT size) and guard interval

• With DVB-T2 the symbol time can be increased by a factor two (16K FFT) and

four (32K FFT) compared to DVB-T‒ Reduces the overhead due to guard interval for a given size of guard interval (size of

SFN) increased capacity

32K symbolGI

GI 8K symbol

~6% overhead

in DVB-T2

25% overhead in DVB-T with maximum guard interval

• Increases possible guard interval size and therefore size of SFN for a given percentage

GI overhead

potentially more efficient frequency plan

• DVB-T2 may also use the same symbol periods as DVB-T (8K, 4K, 2K)

≈ 1 ms

≈ 4 ms

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 26

Flexibility in pilot pattern

• DVB-T has a fixed pattern of scattered pilot cells

• DVB-T2 has 8 different patterns to choose from, depending on

network type and reception conditions

• Minimises pilot overhead

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 27

Forward Error Correction (FEC)

• DVB-T has a convolutional code + Reed-Solomon

• DVB-T2 has an LDPC code + BCH code‒ Same as in DVB-S2 (satellite) and DVB-C2 (cable)

‒ Iterative decoding of LDPC

‒ 6 code rates: 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, 5/6

‒ Flexibility to make desired trade-off between capacity and robustness

‒ FEC block size (Nldpc): 64800 bits or 16200 bits

BBFRAME BCHFEC LDPCFEC

(Nldpc bits)

Kbch Nbch-Kbch

Nbch= Kldpc

Nldpc-Kldpc

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 28

Interleaving

• Interleaving is of fundamental importance for the RF performance

on non-AWGN channels

• DVB-T2 has several interleavers‒ Bit interleaver within a FEC block

‒ Cell interleaver within a FEC block

‒ Time interleaving within

‒ Frequency interleaving within an OFDM symbol

• The result is that bit errors caused by the channel are equally

distributed among the FEC blocks, and also within FEC blocks

maximises error correction ability of the LDPC/BCH code

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 29

Erik Stare

Kmin=0

TPS pilots and continual pilots between Kmin and Kmax are not indicated

boosted pilot

data

Kmax = 1 704 if 2K

.....

.....

.....

.....

..... .....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

Kmax = 6 816 if 8K

Interleaving in DVB-T and DVB-T2

Kmin=0

TPS pilots and continual pilots between Kmin and Kmax are not indicated

boosted pilot

data

Kmax = 1 704 if 2K

.....

.....

.....

.....

..... .....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

.....

Kmax = 6 816 if 8K

FECFECFECFEC

FEC

FEC

DVB-T

DVB-T2

Single erased OFDM-symbol

Bit errors

Single erased OFDM-symbol

Can be corrected!Time

2017-03-29 30

Modulation

• T2 has a 256-QAM mode‒ Carries 8 bits per data cell

• The T2 standard also includes‒ 64-QAM

‒ 16-QAM

‒ QPSK

‒ … inherited from DVB-T

256-QAM

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 31

Performance for DVB-T2 modulation and FEC close to theoretical limits

Capacity limits for a channel with white noise (AWGN)

0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

4,00

5,00

6,00

7,00

8,00

9,00

10,00

0,0 5,0 10,0 15,0 20,0 25,0 30,0

Eff

ecti

ve b

its p

er

Cell

C/N

Capacity Performance

DVB-T2 QPSK DVB-T2 16-QAM DVB-T2 64-QAM

DVB-T2 256-QAM Shannon Limit BICM Limit

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 32

Challenges for the future

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 33

Some issues with current DTT

• Reduced spectrum

• Increased-quality services (SDHDUHD)

• Cost reduction needed

• Energy reduction needed

• Local services vs Single Frequency Networks

• Difficult to handle UHDTV efficiently

• Network optimized for roof-top reception‒ mobile reception requires dedicated optimised “mobile signals”‒ or “half-good” compromise

• Very difficult to introduce X-polar MIMO‒ Due to existing H-only receiving antennas

• No broadband (bi-directional point-to-point/unicast)

• Relatively “isolated” from mobile telecom‒ Not implemented in handheld devices

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 34

Migration to new standards

• Painful process to migrate to new broadcast standards

• Difficult to justify a new “DVB-T3” standard without radically improved

performance & functionality

• A small step is not enough…

• Is a “giant leap” possible?

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 35

WiB – A new system concept for DTT

• Developed at Teracom

• IBC2016 Best Conference Paper Award

• May potentially resolve all identifies issues

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 36

How could that be achieved?

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 37

Traditional frequency planning

-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

12

3

4

5

6

7

12

3

4

5

6

7

12

3

4

5

6

7

12

3

4

5

6

7

12

3

4

5

6

7

12

3

4

5

6

7

12

3

4

5

6

7

km

km

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 38

• Only a fraction of the UHF channels are used

from a given transmitter (TX) site‒ Typically about 1/5th of the channels (reuse-5)

• In order to get sufficiently high total DTT capacity high order constellations are used‒ DVB-T: 64-QAM‒ DVB-T2: 256-QAM

• These require a high SNR and therefore a lotof power

Frequency

Power [W] (drawn to scale)

UHF1 UHF2 UHF3 UHF4 UHF5 UHF6 UHF7 UHF8 UHF24 UHF25 UHF26 UHF27 UHF28

DVB-T2

Mux 1

…

2500

DVB-T2

Mux 2

DVB-T2

Mux 6

No power

…

Required TX power for traditional DTTExtremely unbalanced RF power across UHF channels –

sub-optimum from efficiency point of view!

2017-03-29 39Erik Stare

Shannon’s law and required power

• Required power (SNR) increases exponentially with capacity (spectral efficiency)

• High capacity also meanshigh sensitivity to interference

• Increased power not a goodway to further increaseoverall capacity

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 40

𝑹 = 𝑩 ∙ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐(𝟏 + 𝑺𝑵𝑹) [bits/s]

What about the other way around?

• Using instead a more robust transmission mode (lower required SNR)‒ Going backwards on the exponential curve!‒ Allows for a large reduction in power

• Allows using a lower reuse factor, i.e. more spectrum per site‒ Larger basic signal bandwidth

• Why not go all the way to QPSK and reuse-1?

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 41

Increased spectrum

exploitation (reuse-1)

Reduced

power

Frequency

Power [W] (drawn to scale)

UHF1 UHF2 UHF3 UHF4 UHF5 UHF6 UHF7 UHF8 UHF9 UHF10

WiB…

UHF24 UHF25 UHF26 UHF27 UHF28

DVB-T2

Mux 6

DVB-T2

Mux 2DVB-T2

Mux 1 …

2500

50

17 dB difference

per RF channel

Factor 50!

WiB - Spreading the power equally over all frequencies(Single wideband WiB signal from all sites, reuse-1)

About 90% less total TX power by using all frequencies2017-03-29 Erik Stare 42

Basic principles of WiB

• Wideband‒ Wideband transmission as a single WiB signal

‒ Covering potentially the whole 224 MHz UHF

band (28 UHF channels)

• Reuse-1‒ Adjacent TXs use the same frequencies

‒ Very challenging interference situation

‒ e.g. C/I = 0 dB

• Robust transmission mode required‒ e.g. QPSK, req. C/N close to 0 dB

• Interference Cancellation‒ Removes unwanted interference

• Frequency hopping (optional)

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 43

Frequency

Power [W] (drawn to scale)

UHF1 UHF2 UHF3 UHF4 UHF5 UHF6 UHF7 UHF8 UHF9 UHF10

WiB…

UHF24 UHF25 UHF26 UHF27 UHF28

DVB-T2

Mux 6

DVB-T2

Mux 2DVB-T2

Mux 1 …

2500

50

RF1RF2RF3RF4RF5RF7

Time

Frequency4*8=32 MHz

RF6

• High basic robustness (close to C/I=0 dB)

• Rejection via RX antenna

‒Rooftop: Directional antenna

Antenna discrimination 16 dB (ITU)

‒Mobile: Dynamic beamforming

• Interference cancellation

TX1

TX2

TX3

RX

How to handle interference

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 44

TX = Transmitter site

RX = Receiver

TX1

TX2

TX3

RX

N=1

C3=1

C2=2

C1=4

N=1

C3=1

C2=2

Demodulated

and

cancelled

N=1

C3=1

Demodulated

and

cancelled

Demodulated

Required C/N = 0 dB (linear 1)

TX1

TX2

RX

Cancellation

of TX2

Interference cancellationVia Successive Interference Cancellation

and/or Receiver Antenna Beamforming/Cancellation

All TXs are synchronised but

with different content and

pilots

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 45Antenna beamforming may be independently optimised for each cancellation step!

Antenna beamforming

Receiver complexity

• A receiver is not expected to demodulate the 224 MHz WiB signal (200-300 Mbps) as

a whole‒ A receiver rather extracts a selected service and demodulates only the associated part of the

signal

‒ Only (e.g.) 4*8 MHz = 32 MHz at a time, then frequency hopping to new 32 MHz block etc

‒ Additional complexity for frequency-hopping tuner (e.g. TFS) is low

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 46

RF1RF2RF3RF4RF5RF7

Time

Frequency4*8=32 MHz

RF6

• What we do have:‒ Factor 4 increase in sampling frequency and FFT size due to wider tuner bandwidth

‒ Additional complexity for Interference Cancellation‒ but rather limited thanks to all TXs being synchronized

‒ small loop rather than full remodulation

Network performance simulations

Time correlation type Best TX Wanted TX

Inter/Intra site (C) 3.41 bps/Hz 1.55 bps/Hz

Intra-site (U1) 3.38 bps/Hz 1.37 bps/Hz

No correlation (U2) 4.07 bps/Hz 1.60 bps/Hz

• Effective TX antenna height 250 m

• 60 km TX separation

• 1 kW ERP per UHF channel (17 dB lower than today)

• Propagation according to ITU-R P.1546

• Standard deviation: 5.5 dB (shadow fading) + 2.0 dB (frequency-dependent fading)

• Spatial correlation model

• Three different time correlation models (C, U1, U2)

• Directional RX antenna at 10 m (11 dBd gain, max 16 dB discrimination)

• Best TX case: The best TX is chosen irrespective of content

• Wanted TX case: A particular TX (with desired content) is required

• Interference cancellation of up to 2 TX signals

• Spectral efficiency calculated as average (normalized) Shannon capacity (95% probability, 99% of time) in the worst point

DVB-T2 today: about 1 bps/Hz

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 47

High bit rate services

• Thanks to the wideband nature of WiB, the system can efficiently

handle video services with high peak data rate (28-40 Mbps)

‒ such as UHD

• This includes also close-to-ideal handling of variable-bit rate services

(statistical multiplexing)

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 48

Reduced costs

• Capital Expenditures (CAPEX)‒ Single wideband transmitter (TX)

‒ Required total output power about half of one existing DTT TX

‒ No need for combiners - only a single wideband RF filter

‒ Lower equipment volume/weight‒ May allow mast positioning of the TX no RF feeder needed

‒ Lower performance requirements on TXs (linearity etc), due to robust transmission

‒ Drastically reduced need for cooling and backup power

• Operational Expenditures (OPEX)‒ >90% reduction in fundamental energy consumption

‒ Reduced maintenance need (less equipment, less sensitive, longer lifetime)

‒ No need for frequency planning and frequency changes

Combiner room today

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 49

Additional note:

• Combiners and feeder together amount to about 3 dB attenuation

• Getting rid of these allows for a further halving of power consumption A total of 95% reduction !

Extension of the basic WiB concept(examples)

• Cross-polar MIMO (H + V polarisation on the same frequency)

‒ May further double the WiB capacity

‒ Could be backwards-compatible with legacy RX antennas‒ Existing antennas would get ”normal WiB capacity”

‒ Sufficient separation via RX antenna polarization discrimination (16 dB)

‒ User with a new antenna could get twice the capacity

• Superposition-based combination of broadcast and unicast (mobile

telecom) in the same spectrum ‒ Transmission on the same time/frequency (e.g. on the same ”resource block”) with

controlled power difference

‒ Separated in the receiver by (LDM-based) successive interference cancellation

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 50

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA)

• FDM: Each signals may only use a subset of spectrum, but all time

• TDM: Each signal may use all spectrum but only a subset of time (time slot)

• NOMA (aka LDM): Each signal may use all spectrum all time‒ Several signals are superimposed using the same time/frequency (e.g. resource block)

‒ One layer may be broadcast/multicast

‒ Several possible unicast layers

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 51

N=1

C3=1

C2=2

C1=4

N=1

C3=1

C2=2

Demodulated

and

cancelled

N=1

C3=1

Demodulated

and

cancelled

Demodulated

Instead of this prolonged tug of war…

DTT spectrum Mobile Telecom spectrum

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 52

… why not this Win-Win peace project?

DTT

Mobile Telecom

NOMA/LDM transmission using the same spectrum

(100% of time, 100% of frequency)

Mobile Telecom receivers first

demodulate and cancel DTT

Mobile Telecom signals are

”invisible” for DTT receivers

Controlled level

distance

Separated via

Interference

Cancellation

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 53

A WiB VisionSame system/standard for broadcast and unicast

5G New Radio - Broadcast

5G New Radio - Unicast

Same NOMA/LDM-based system/standard

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 54

2017-03-29

Vertical

Sector

#1

WiB

DTT

(DVB-T/T2)

Horizontal polarisation

Vertical polarisation

DTT vs WiB:

• WiB @ 17 dB lower power/RF channel

• 16 dB polarisation discrimination

• WiB unlikely to significantly affect current DTT

operation!

• DTT may have some negative impact on WiB, but

limited due to WiB wideband nature

Vertical

Sector

#2

Vertical

Sector

#3

Vertical

Sector

#4

New advanced antennas with (e.g.)

• 18 horizontal 20-degree sectors

• Vertical lobe width < 1 degree

Several superimposed

signals within each sector

using LDM

Erik Stare 55

WiB-BC + WiB-UC(Example)

TX ABC

WiB-UCN

WiB-BC

WiB-UC

WiB-BC

WiB-UC

WiB-BC

3 dB

3 dB

3 dB

20 dB

10 dB

C (10 km) B (20 km) A (30 km)

Horizontal

Sector (20°)

• WiB-UC may exploit the (far) better C/(N+I) closer to the TX

• Users A, B and C may also use the same spectrum in LDM (more efficient than TDF/FDM)

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 56

Possible standardisation paths for WiB

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 57

DVB Commercial and

Technical

Study Missions

about WiB

(until end of May 2018)

DVB

Standard?3GPP-5G

Standard?

WiB – Summary of gains

• Increased spectral efficiency

• Radically reduced network cost‒ and energy consumption

• Unconstrained use of local services

• Allows for efficient handling of UHD‒ Close-to-ideal video coding statmux gain (VBR services)

• Doppler performance allowing high-speed mobile reception of all “roof-top” services

• Broadcast and broadband in the same spectrum

• Converged win-win solution with mobile telecom

Big enough leap?

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 58

IBC2016 Best Conference Paper Award to WiB

2017-03-29

From award ceremony 11 Sept 2016 at IBC, Amsterdam

From left

• Erik Stare, Teracom

• Peter Klenner, Panasonic

• Jordi Giménez, UPV

Erik Stare 59

Thank you for your attention!

2017-03-29 Erik Stare 60