1. Prepared by:BSED Physical Sciences 2Group 3 Auman, Christian
Book, Nia Marie Caballes, Jeho Dignos, Edna Gudez, Imeri Lagarto,
Bobbymel Rabino, Maureen Grace Tampus, Roesher Melle 2. Are there
natural disasters underwater?Up here weve got hurricanes, and
earthquakes, andtsunamis, and mudslides, and wild fires and
volcaniceruptions, and you name it.But what about under bodies of
water?Are there any significant natural disasters of the samescale,
striking suddenly and leaving vast swaths of fish withmany dead?To
be clear, we will be discussing about underwaterdisaster which
naturally happens, not those clearly causedby human activities. 3.
Submarine Volcanoes Also called seamounts, are underwatervents or
fissures in the Earths surface fromwhich magma can erupt. The vast
majority are located near areas oftectonic plate movement, known as
oceanridges. Some seamounts also exist in shallow water,which can
spew material into air duringeruption. 4. Three circumstances
whereintectonic plates interact to formsubmarine volcanoes:
Tectonic plates slide over a hot spot Where tectonic plates are
spreading apart atmid-ocean ridges Subduction 5.
KolumboUnderwaterVolcano Found at Aegean Sea,was discovered in1650
when it burstfrom the sea anderupted, killing 70people on the
nearbyisland of Santorini. 6. Kolumbo UnderwaterEruption 7. Algal
Bloom A rapid increase in the population of algae in anaquatic
system May occur in freshwater as well as marineenvironments.
Typically only one or a fewphytoplankton species are involved and
someblooms may be recognized by discoloration ofthe water resulting
from the high density ofpigmented cells. 8. Harmful Algal Bloom An
algal bloom that causes negative impacts toaquatic organisms via
production of naturaltoxins, mechanical damage to aquaticorganism.
These are often associated with large-scalemarine mortality events
and have beenassociated with the various types of
shellfishpoisoning and other aquatic organisms. 9. Effects of
Harmful Algal BloomsSea grass beds die.Harm peoples healthCorals
dieKills marine animals 10. Did you know? In India, researchers
have found toxicbloom has increased around 15 percentover the 12
years in Indian sea. 11. Hydrothermal Vent- A fissure in a planets
surface from whichgeothermally heated water issues.- Commonly found
near volcanically activeplaces, areas where tectonic plates
aremoving apart, ocean basins, and hotspots.- Exists because the
Earth is both geologicallyactive and has large amounts of water on
itssurface and within its crust. 12. Forms of Hydrothermal
VentsBlack Smoker or SeaVent- A type of hydrothermalvent found on
the seabed,typically in the abyssal andhadal zones.- They appear as
black,chimney-like structure thatemit a cloud of blackmaterial.
Black smokerstypically emit particleswith high levels of
sulfur-bearingminerals, orsulfides. 13. White Smoker- A type
ofhydrothermal ventthat emits lighter-huedminerals, suchas those
containingbarium, calciumand silicon.- These vents alsotend to have
lowertemperatureplumes. 14. Hydrothermal Land TypesHot Spring
Geysers Fumaroles 15. The fluid will then gush out of theocean
floor. This will create achemical reaction. Then it is out andit
creates a smoke like looking thing.The fluid sinks and the deeper
that itgoes the hotter the fluid will get stufffrom the crust will
dissolve into theliquid. Then it will rise.Earths crust plates move
apart, allowingcold sea water to seep down into theopenings.The
water will heat up. Thenpart of the water will beremoved. 16.
Methane Hydrates- A methane clathrate (CH45.75H2O) that isin the
form of a methane-water ice-likecrystalline material that is stable
and occursnaturally in deep-ocean and permafrostenvironments.-
These are white, ice-like solids that consistof methane and water.
The methanemolecules are enclosed in microscopic cagescomposed of
water molecules. 17. Methane Clathrate(CH45.75H2O)- A solid
clathratecompound in which alarge amount ofmethane is trappedwithin
a crystalstructure of water,forming a solid similarto ice. 18.
Formation ofMethane Hydrates Small methane gasbubbles are
produceddeep within the sediment. These then rise and
aretransformed to methanehydrates in the coolerpore waters near the
seafloor. The methane is formed inthe deep warm sedimenthorizons
and is convertedand consolidated asmethane hydrate in thecold upper
sedimentlayers.CH45.75H2O 19. Methane HydratesBenefits Methane
Hydrates as an energysource. 1 m3 of methane hydrate (90%occupied)
= 163 m3 of gas. Theres a lot of it and its everywhere.
Clean-burning natural gas. 20. Methane HydratesRisks Hydrate
dissociation upon recovery;engineering challenge. Expense of long
pipelines across continentalslope, subject to blockage with solid
hydrate. Methane release into atmosphere problem forclimate change.
Fragile ecosystems surround sediment surfacehydrates and seeps.
Powerful positive feedback on global warming.
