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Discovering Computers
Chapter 8 System software
Part 1 Operating Systems
2
Ch 4Processor
Control Unit
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
InputDevices
Ch 5
StorageDevices
Ch 7
OutputDevices
Ch 6
MemoryData
Information
InstructionsData
Information
InstructionsData
Information
Control Unit
Ch 1 – IntroductionCh 2 – Internet & WWWCh 3 – Application Software
Ch 8 – System Software
3
SoftwareInstructions that
tell hardware what tasks to do, control
and assist the execution of tasks
HardwareElectronic and
mechanical equipment
What are hardware and software?
What is software ( SW )?
Programs that control and assist the operations of the computer – System Software
Programs that perform specific tasks for users – Application Software
5
What is system software?Programs that control the operations of the
computer and its devices
Operating System (OS)
Utility Programs
To facilitate communications
To support personal business, education
To serve as productivity
business tool
To assist with graphics and multimedia
projects
Application Software
What is OS?
Operating system (OS) (sometimes called the platform)
coordinates all activities among computer
hardware resources
8
9
Operating System coordinates all the activities
Start and shut down a
computer
Provide a user interface
Schedule
jobs
Manage memory
Manage programs
Work with devices
Work with networks
Monitor performance
Organize and manage files
Automatic
updatesControl the computer
Administer security
What are the functions of an operating system?
administer security
start (boot) the computer
manage memory
configure devices
control a network
provide a user interface
manage programs
provide file management
establish an Internet connection
schedule jobs
Internet connections
What is booting?
Bringing in the kernel of OS
Learning about resources
Checking the resources
Displaying the desktop
Starting a computer
Three shut down options
12
Shut down closes all, forgets
everything, powers off
Sleep mode saves any open documents, turns off all
unneeded functions
Hibernate saves any open documents and programs to a
hard disk before removing power from the computer
What is a user interface?
Controls how you enter data and instructions and how information displays on screen
Provides tools and means to tell the computer what to do and for the computer to tell you what is going on.
What is the command-line user interface?
What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?
User interacts with menus and visual images such as buttons and other graphical objects
16
Automatic update automatically provides updates to the program
How does an operating system schedule jobs?
Jobs have to be scheduled for execution To be scheduled they have to be assigned by OS all required by them resources
A job is an operation having an input, an output, and a meaningful function
How does OS manages programs?
Gives programs time according to their priorities –
Preemptive by priorities
Gives each program a slice of time –
Preemptive by quantum
Expects programs to cooperate – Cooperative OS
What is memory management? Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM) With virtual memory (VM), portion of hard disk is
allocated to function as RAM
20
A device driver is a small program that tells
the operating system how to communicate with a specific device
Plug and Play automatically
configures new devices as you install them
What is spooling? Sending print jobs to buffer instead of directly to printer
How do you establish an Internet connection?
Operating system includes Connect to a network wizard, that guides the user through setting up connection between computer and Internet service provider
23
A performance monitor is a program that assesses and reports information about various computer resources and devices
What are the functions of an operating system?start the computer: booting, BIOS, kernel, resources detection & test
provide a user interface: command-line, GUI
schedule jobs: waiting, ready, running
manage programs: cooperative, preemptive, quantum, priorities
manage memory
configure devices: device drivers
organize file system
connect to the Internet
control a network
administer security
Discovering Computers
Ch 8System software
Operating Systems - continued
Stand-alone
Categories of operating systems?
Embedded Network
The machineGroup of computers, the computer and the user
The computer and the user
27
Stand-alone operating systems
Windows 7
Windows Vista
Windows XP
Linux Mac OS X
Chrome OS
UNIX
28
Windows 7 is Microsoft’s fastest, most efficient operating system to date and is available in multiple editions:
Windows 7 Starter
Windows 7 Home
Premium
Windows 7 Ultimate
Windows 7 Professional
29
Windows 7 provides programs such as:
Windows Firewall
Windows DVD Maker
Windows Media Player
Desktop Gadget Gallery
30
Windows versions
Windows Version Year Released
Windows 3.x 1990
Windows 95 1995
Windows 98 1998
Windows Millennium 2000
Windows XP 2001
Windows Vista 2006
Windows 7 2009
32
The Macintosh operating system has set the standard for operating system ease of use
Latest version is Mac OS X
What is Mac OS X? Available only for computers manufactured
by Apple Integration of SW and HW Macintosh operating
system has been model for most GUIs
What is UNIX? Used by power users because of its flexibility
and power
What is Linux? Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type operating system Open-source softwaree
Code is available to public
36
Network Operating Systems
Windows Server 2008 UNIX
Linux Solaris
Allows users to share resources on a network
37
Some operating systems are designed to work with a server on a network
A server operating system organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network
A network administrator uses the server operating system to:
Add and remove users, computers, and other devices
Install software and administer network security
38
An embedded operating system are for mobile devices or consumer electronic deviceWindows Embedded
CE
Windows Mobile Palm OS
iPhone OS Blackberry Embedded Linux
Symbian OS Android
39
Ch 8System softwareUtility Programs
What is a utility program?
System software that performs maintenance-type tasks
41
System software provides users with the capability of:
Managing files
Searching for files
Viewing images
Securing a computer
Uninstalling programs
Cleaning up disks
Defragmenting disks
Diagnosing problems
Backing up files and
disks
Setting up screen savers
What is a file manager? Windows Explorer
Performs functions related to file management
43
A file manager is a utility that performs functions related to file management
Displaying a list of files Organizing files in folders Copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and
sorting files and folders Creating shortcuts
44
A personal firewall detects and protects a personal computer from unauthorized intrusions
What is an uninstaller?
For Windows Vista it is
in the Control PanelRemoves a
program and all associated files
What is a disk scanner?
Searches for and removes unnecessary files
47
A disk cleanup utility searches for and removes unnecessary files
Downloaded programfiles
Temporary Internetfiles
Deleted files Unused program
files
What is a disk defragmenter?
Reorganizes files and unused space on hard disk so programs run faster
What is a diagnostic utility?
Compiles technical information about hardware and software
Prepares report outlining problems
Performance monitor assesses and reports about system resources and devices
51
A backup utility allows users to copy files to another storage medium
A restore utility reverses the process and returns backed up files to their original form
52
A screen saver causes a display device’s screen to show a moving image or blank screen if no activity occurs for a specified time
53
A virus describes a potentially damaging computer program that affects a computer
negatively
A worm copies itself repeatedly in memory or
over a network
A Trojan horse hides
within or looks like a legitimate program
An antivirus program protects a computer against viruses
54
What is an antivirus program? Identifies and removes viruses in memory, storage
media, and incoming files Must be updated frequently
56
Spyware is a program placed on a computer without the user’s
knowledge that secretly collects information about the user
• A spyware remover detects and deletes spyware and other similar programs
Adware displays an online advertisement in a banner or
pop-up window
• An adware remover is a program that detects and deletes adware
Filters are programs that remove or block certain items from being displayed
57
Web filters
Anti-spam
programs
Phishing filters
Pop-up blockers
What is a file compression utility?
Shrinks size of files to free up room and improve performance
Compressed files are sometimes called zipped files Two popular utilities:
PKZIP and WinZip
59
A search utility attempts to locate a file based on criteria you specify
What is a media player?
Allows you to view images and animation, listen to audio, and watch video files on your computer
61
Disc burning software writes text, graphics, audio, and video files on a recordable or rewritable optical disc
62
A personal computer maintenance utility identifies and fixes operating system problems, detects and repairs disk problems, and includes the capability of improving a computer’s performance
Popular Utility Programs
AntivirusProgram
PersonalFirewall
SpywareRemover
InternetFilters
FileManager
FileCompression
BackupMediaPlayer
CD/DVDBurning
PCMaintenance
Popular Utility Programs
UninstallerDisk
scanner
Disk defragmenter
DiagnosticUtility
Performance monitor
Screen saver
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