59

Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 2: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 3: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant

Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes :

• Vitiligo• Freckle (Ephelis)• Melasma• Lentigo• Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus,

Mole)• Dysplastic Nevi• Malignant Melanoma• Diagnostic Criteria and Prognostic

Attributes

Page 4: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 5: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 6: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 7: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant

Benign Epithelial Tumors:

• Seborrheic Keratoses

• Acanthosis Nigricans

• Fibroepithelial Polyp

• Epithelial Cyst (Wen)

• Adnexal (Appendage) Tumors

• Keratoacanthoma

Page 8: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 9: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant

Premalignant and Malignant Epidermal Tumors:

• Actinic Keratosis

• Squamous Cell Carcinoma

• Basal Cell Carcinoma

• Merkel Cell Carcinoma

• Molecular Genetics of Skin Cancers

Page 10: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant

Tumors of the Dermis:

• Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma (Dermatofibroma)

• Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans

• Xanthomas

• Dermal Vascular Tumors

Page 11: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant

Tumors of Cellular Immigrants to the skin:

• Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

• Mycosis Fungoides (Cutaneous T-cell Lumphoma)

• Mastocytosis

Disorders of Epidermal Maturation:

● Ichthyosis

Page 12: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant

Acute Inflammatory Dermatoses:

• Urticaria

• Acute Eczematous Dermatitis

• Erythema Multiforme

Page 13: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant

Chronic Inflammatory Dermatoses:

• Psoriasis

• Seborrheic Dermatitis

• Lichen Planus

• Lupus Erythematosus

Page 14: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant

Blistering (Bullous) Diseases:

• Pemphigus

• Bullous Pemphigoid

• Dermatitis Herpetiformis

• Noninflammatory Blistering Diseases: Epydermolysis Bullosa, Porphyria

Page 15: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 16: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 17: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant

Disorders of Epidermal Appendages:

• Acne Vulgaris

Panniculitis

• Erythema Nodosum and Erythema Induratum

Page 18: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant

Infection and Infestation

• Verrucae (Warts)

• Molluscum Contagiosum

• Impetigo

• Superficial Fungal Infections

• Arthropod Bites, Stings, and Infestations

Page 19: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 20: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant

* Normal Peripheral Nerve

* Normal Skeletal Muscle

A. General Reactions of the Motor Unit

1. Segmental Demyelination

2. Axonal Degeneration and

Muscle Fiber Atrophy

3. Nerve Regeneration and

Reinnervation of Muscle

4. Reactions of the Muscle Fiber

Page 21: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant

B. Diseases of Peripheral Nerve

1. Inflammatory Neuropathies

* Immune-Mediated Neuropathies

2. Infectious Polyneuropathies

* Leprosy

* Diphtheria

* Varicella-Zoster Virus

3. Hereditary Neuropathies

* Hereditary Motor and Sensory

Neuropathy Type 1

* Other Hereditary Motor and

Sensory Neuropathies

Page 22: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant

Cont….. 4. Acquired Metabolic and Toxic Neuropathies * Peripheral Neuropathy in Adult-Onset Diabetes Mellitus * Metabolic and Nutritional Peripheral Neuropathies * Neuropathies Associated with Malignancy * Toxic Neuropathies 5. Traumatic Neuropathies

6. Tumors of Peripheral Nerve

C. Diseases of Skeletal Muscle 1. Denervation Atrophy * Spinal Muscular Atrophy (Infantile Motor

Neuron Disease)

Page 23: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 24: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant

Cont…… 2. Muscular Dystrophies

* X-Linked Muscular Dystrophy (Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Becker Muscular Dystrophy)

* Autosomal Muscular Dystrophies * Myotonic Dystrophy

3. Ion Channel Myopathies (Channelopathies)

4. Congenital Myopathies 5. Myopathies Associated with Inborn

Errors of Metabolism * Lipid Myopathies * Mitochodrial Myopathies (Oxidative

Phosphorylation Diseases)

Page 25: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 26: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 27: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 28: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant

Cont….

6. Inflammatory Myopathies * Noninfectious Inflammatory Myopathies 7. Toxic Myopathies * Thyrotoxic Myopathy * Ethanol Myopathy * Drug-Induced Myopathies 8. Diseases of the Neuromuscular Junction * Myasthenia Gravis * Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome

9. Tumors of Skeletal Muscle

Page 29: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 30: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant

A. Bones1. Bone Modeling and Remodeling2. Bone Growth and Development3. Developmental (Genetic) and Acquired

Abnormalities in Bone Cells, Matrix, and Structure

3.1 Malformations and Diseases Caused by Defects in Nuclear Proteins and Transcription Factors

3.2 Diseases Caused by Defects in Hormones and Signal Transduction

Mechanisms3.3 Diseases Associated with Defects in Extracellula Structural Proteins

* Type 1 Collagen Diseases (Osteogenesis Imperfecta) * Type 2,10, and 11 Collagen Diseases

Page 31: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 32: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 33: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 34: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant

Cont…….3.4 Diseases Associated with Defects in Folding and Degradation of Macromolecules

* Mucopolysaccharidoses3.5 Diseases Associated with Defects

in Metabolic Pathways (Enzymes, Ion Channels, and Transporters)

* Osteopetrosis3.6 Diseases Associated with Decreased Bone Mass

* Osteoporosis3.7 Diseases Caused by Osteoclast

Dysfunction * Paget Disease (Osteitis

Deformans)

Page 35: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 36: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 37: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant

Cont…. 3.8 Diseases Associated with Abnormal

Mineral Homeostasis * Rickets and Osteomalacia

* Hyperparathyroidism * Renal Osteodystrophy

4. Fractures 5. Osteonecrosis (Avascular Necrosis)

6. Infections-Osteomyelitis 6.1 Pyogenic Osteomyelitis 6.2 Tuberculous Osteomyelitis 6.3 Skeletal Syphilis 7. Bone Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions

7.1 Bone-Forming Tumors * Osteoma * Osteoid Osteoma and

Osteoblastoma * Osteosarcoma

Page 38: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 39: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 40: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 41: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 42: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 43: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant

Cont……. 7.2 Cartilage-Forming Tumors

* Osteochondroma * Chondromas * Chondroblastoma * Chondromyxoid Fibroma * Chondrosarcoma

7.3 Fibrous and Fibro-Osseous Tumors * Fibrous Cortical Defect and Nonossifying Fibroma * Fibrous Dysplasia * Fibrosarcoma and Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma

8. Miscellaneous Tumors 8.1 Ewing Sarcoma and Primitive

Neuroectodermal Tumor (PNET) 8.2 Giant Cell Tumor 8.3 Metastatic Disease

Page 44: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 45: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 46: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 47: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant

B. Joints 1. Arthritis

1.1 Osteoarthritis 1.2 Rheumatoid Arthritis 1.3 Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis 1.4 Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies

* Ankylosing Spondyloarthritis * Reactive Arthritis * Psoriatic Arthritis

1.5 Infectious Arthritis * Suppurative Arthritis * Tuberculous Arthritis * Lyme Arthritis * Viral Arthritis

1.6 Gout and Gouty Arthritis

Page 48: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 49: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 50: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 51: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant

Cont……

1.7 Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal Deposition Disease (Pseudogout)

2. Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions 2.1 Ganglion and Synovial Cyst 2.2 Pigmented Villonodullar Synovitis and

Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath

C. Soft Tissue Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions 1. Pathogenesis and General Features 2. Fatty Tumors

2.1 Lipoma 2.2 Liposarcoma

3. Fibrous Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions 3.1 Reactive Pseudosarcomatous

Proliferations* Nodular Fasciitis* Myositis Ossificans

Page 52: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 53: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant

Cont…. 3.2 Fibromatoses

* Superficial Fibromatosis (Palmar, Plantar,

and Penile Fibromatoses) * Deep-Seated Fibromatosis (Desmoid

Tumors) 3.3 Fibrosarcoma

4. Fibrohistiocytic Tumors 4.1 Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma

(Dermatofibroma) 4.2 Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma

5. Tumors of Skeletal Muscle 5.1 Rhabdomyosarcoma

6. Tumors of Smooth Muscle 6.1 Leiomyoma 6.2 Leiomyosarcoma

7. Synovial Sarcoma

Page 54: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 55: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 56: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 57: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 58: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant
Page 59: Disorders of Pigmentation and Melanocytes : Vitiligo Freckle (Ephelis) Melasma Lentigo Melanocytic Nevus (Pigmented Nevus, Mole) Dysplastic Nevi Malignant