Distilling and Distilling and Purification Purification

PlantsPlants

““Water, water Water, water everywhere…”everywhere…”

ObjectivesObjectives

• Comprehend the theory and Comprehend the theory and operation of distilling plants operation of distilling plants including energy transformations including energy transformations that take placethat take place

• Comprehend the different types of Comprehend the different types of distilling plantsdistilling plants

• Comprehend the concepts of salinity Comprehend the concepts of salinity monitoring and water conservationmonitoring and water conservation

““Water, water everywhere… nor any drop to Water, water everywhere… nor any drop to drink.”drink.”

- Samuel Taylor Coleridge - Samuel Taylor Coleridge The Ancient MarinerThe Ancient Mariner

““Wake up Aquaman!”Wake up Aquaman!”

- EM2(SS) Barrow- EM2(SS) BarrowUSS Louisville (SSN 724)USS Louisville (SSN 724)

Fresh Water UsesFresh Water Uses

• STEAM PLANT!!!STEAM PLANT!!!• Electronics CoolingElectronics Cooling• Hotel ServicesHotel Services

• Cooking/DrinkingCooking/Drinking• LaundryLaundry• (Showers)(Showers)

• Freshwater WashdownFreshwater Washdown

Important ConceptsImportant Concepts

• Distillation: seawater Distillation: seawater freshwaterfreshwater• EvaporationEvaporation• CondensationCondensation

• Feed (seawater @ 35,000 ppm ClFeed (seawater @ 35,000 ppm Cl--))• Distillate (<0.1 ppm ClDistillate (<0.1 ppm Cl--))• Brine (>35,000 ppm ClBrine (>35,000 ppm Cl--))

• Salinity (salt concentration in HSalinity (salt concentration in H220)0)

Distillation ProcessDistillation Process

Distilling Plant TypesDistilling Plant Types

• Flash-TypeFlash-Type• Vertical BasketVertical Basket• Vapor-CompressionVapor-Compression• Reverse-OsmosisReverse-Osmosis

Flash TypeFlash Type• Most combatantsMost combatants• High capacity High capacity

(12,000 –50,000 (12,000 –50,000 GPD)GPD)

• Distillate (<.065 Distillate (<.065 ppm)ppm)

• 150# Auxiliary 150# Auxiliary SteamSteam

• Vacuum operationVacuum operation• More efficientMore efficient• (-) soluble salts(-) soluble salts

Flash TypeFlash Type

Vertical BasketVertical Basket

• Submarines Submarines • Similar to Flash Similar to Flash

typetype• Med. capacity Med. capacity

(8,000 - 10,000 (8,000 - 10,000 GPD)GPD)

• Low Pressure Low Pressure (Auxiliary) Steam(Auxiliary) Steam

Vertical BasketVertical Basket

Vapor-CompressionVapor-Compression

• Ships without STEAM Ships without STEAM propulsionpropulsion

• Diesels and submarines (as Diesels and submarines (as backup)backup)

• Low capacity (4000 GPD)Low capacity (4000 GPD)• Compresses generated Compresses generated

steam using electricitysteam using electricity

Vapor-CompressionVapor-Compression

Reverse-OsmosisReverse-Osmosis

• Distillate is <50 ppmDistillate is <50 ppm• good enough to drink good enough to drink • but not for engineering plant but not for engineering plant

feedwaterfeedwater

• HH22O migrates through semi-O migrates through semi-permeable membrane (salt is permeable membrane (salt is blocked)blocked)

• High pressure req’s (400High pressure req’s (400++ psia) psia)• Multi-stage units preferredMulti-stage units preferred

Reverse-OsmosisReverse-Osmosis

Salinity MonitoringSalinity Monitoring• Salinity cellsSalinity cells

• Strategic placement throughout plantStrategic placement throughout plant• Continuous remote monitoring of Continuous remote monitoring of

fresh waterfresh water• Auto flow shutoff using solenoid Auto flow shutoff using solenoid

valvesvalves

Water ConservationWater Conservation

• Limited resourceLimited resource• Standard “Navy shower”Standard “Navy shower”• Water hoursWater hours

RestrictionsRestrictions

• Chemical AdditivesChemical Additives• Volatile ContentVolatile Content• Geographic RestrictionsGeographic Restrictions

SWO(N)SWO(N)

Questions?Questions?