DNA, RNA, and DNA ReplicationDNA, RNA, and DNA Replication

DNA vs RNADNA vs RNA

Deoxyribonucleic AcidDeoxyribonucleic Acid Double Helix ShapedDouble Helix Shaped Forms: Forms:

NuclearNuclear

MitochondrialMitochondrial

ChromosomalChromosomal Never leaves NucleusNever leaves Nucleus Contains C,G, A, TContains C,G, A, T

Ribonucleic AcidRibonucleic Acid Single Helix ShapedSingle Helix Shaped Forms:Forms:

MessengerMessenger

TransferTransfer

RibosomalRibosomal Leaves NucleusLeaves Nucleus Contains C, G, A, UContains C, G, A, U

DNA Base PairingDNA Base Pairing

Adenine bonds with Adenine bonds with ThymineThymine

Cytosine bonds with Cytosine bonds with GuanineGuanine

A-T or T-AA-T or T-A

C-G or G-CC-G or G-C

RNA Base PairingRNA Base Pairing

Adenine bonds with Adenine bonds with UracilUracil

Cytosine bonds with Cytosine bonds with GuanineGuanine

A-U or U-AA-U or U-A

C-G or G-CC-G or G-C

DNA Structure

Phosphate Group (PO4)

Deoxyribose Sugar

Nitrogen Base Pair

Deoxyribose Sugar

Phosphate Group (PO4)

DNA Structure Mobile

Color each part. Color each part.

Cut out the individual pieces.Cut out the individual pieces.

Glue or paste together.Glue or paste together.

Attach string for individual mobiles.Attach string for individual mobiles.

Tape all of the classses together and Tape all of the classses together and make a huge strand to hang from ceiling.make a huge strand to hang from ceiling.

Attach to cardboard and make a puzzle.Attach to cardboard and make a puzzle.

DNA ReplicationDNA Replication

DNA ReplicationDNA Replication

Replication = DNA copies itself Replication = DNA copies itself exactlyexactly(Occurs within the nucleus)(Occurs within the nucleus)

Any mistake in copying = Any mistake in copying = mutationmutation

DNA mutation = chromosomal mutation DNA mutation = chromosomal mutation

Basic Facts of DNA ReplicationBasic Facts of DNA Replication

1. 1. Complementary Complementary base pairing base pairing

makes makes replication possiblereplication possible

C C - - GGA A - - TT

Basic Facts of DNA ReplicationBasic Facts of DNA Replication

2. One side of DNA 2. One side of DNA molecule is molecule is

a a

templatetemplate

for for

making making

thethe

other side other side (strand) (strand)

Process of DNA ReplicationProcess of DNA Replication

1.1. Uncoil & unzip DNA moleculeUncoil & unzip DNA molecule

Enzyme (-ase)Enzyme (-ase) breaks breaks

weakweak

Hydrogen BondHydrogen Bond

between basesbetween bases

Process of DNA ReplicationProcess of DNA Replication

2. 2. Enzyme brings in complementary N-basesEnzyme brings in complementary N-bases

DNA Replicase

Process of DNA ReplicationProcess of DNA Replication

3. 3. Insert N-basesInsert N-bases

DNA Replication TutorialDNA Replication Tutorial

(Go here for on-your-own learning/review)(Go here for on-your-own learning/review)

trc.ucdavis.edu/.../week5/06dnareplication.html

Replication MovieReplication Movie

C C - - GGAA - - TT

Semi-conservative replicationSemi-conservative replication

1.1. Each new DNA Each new DNA molecule molecule

contains contains

one old strandone old strand

& &

one new strandone new strand

DNA vs. RNADNA vs. RNA

DNADNA RNARNA

Sugar = Sugar = deoxyribosedeoxyribose Sugar = Sugar = riboseribose

DoubleDouble-stranded -stranded moleculemolecule

SingleSingle-stranded -stranded moleculemolecule

ThymineThymine bonds with bonds with adenineadenine

UracilUracil instead of thymine instead of thymine

DNA vs. RNADNA vs. RNA

DNADNA RNARNA

Nuclear Nuclear DNADNA

MitochondrialMitochondrial DNA DNA

ChromosomalChromosomal DNA DNA

mRNAmRNA = messenger = messenger

tRNA tRNA = transfer= transfer

rRNArRNA = ribosomal = ribosomal

Nuclear DNA Nuclear DNA never never leaves the nucleusleaves the nucleus

Assembled in nucleus, Assembled in nucleus, moves to cytoplasmmoves to cytoplasm

((leaves the nucleusleaves the nucleus))

RNA RNA vs. vs. DNADNA

QUESTIONS TO KNOWQUESTIONS TO KNOW

What is the shape of DNA?What is the shape of DNA?

QUESTIONS TO KNOWQUESTIONS TO KNOW

A Double HelixA Double Helix

QUESTIONS TO KNOWQUESTIONS TO KNOW

Where is DNA found within Where is DNA found within the cell?the cell?

QUESTIONS TO KNOWQUESTIONS TO KNOW

In the nucleus only.In the nucleus only.

QUESTIONS TO KNOWQUESTIONS TO KNOW

What is the result of a What is the result of a mistake in the copying mistake in the copying portion of DNA replication portion of DNA replication called? called?

QUESTIONS TO KNOWQUESTIONS TO KNOW

A mutationA mutation

QUESTIONS TO KNOWQUESTIONS TO KNOW

Cytosine bonds with?Cytosine bonds with?

QUESTIONS TO KNOWQUESTIONS TO KNOW

GuanineGuanine

QUESTIONS TO KNOWQUESTIONS TO KNOW

Adenine bonds with what in Adenine bonds with what in DNA? RNA?DNA? RNA?

QUESTIONS TO KNOWQUESTIONS TO KNOW

ThymineThymine

UracilUracil

QUESTIONS TO KNOWQUESTIONS TO KNOW

What is the opposite DNA base pair of:What is the opposite DNA base pair of:

C-T-A-G-G-C-T-T-A-A-C-G-G-T-T-A-CC-T-A-G-G-C-T-T-A-A-C-G-G-T-T-A-C

QUESTIONS TO KNOWQUESTIONS TO KNOW

C-T-A-G-G-C-T-T-A-A-C-G-G-T-T-A-CC-T-A-G-G-C-T-T-A-A-C-G-G-T-T-A-C

G-A-T-C-C-G-A-A-T-T-G-C-C-A-A-T-GG-A-T-C-C-G-A-A-T-T-G-C-C-A-A-T-G

QUESTIONS TO KNOWQUESTIONS TO KNOW

Which base pair is that of RNA?Which base pair is that of RNA?

11. C-T-A-G-G-C-T-T-A-A-C-G-G-T-T-A-C. C-T-A-G-G-C-T-T-A-A-C-G-G-T-T-A-C

2. 2. C-A-U-G-G-C-A-A-U-U-G-C-C-U-U-GC-A-U-G-G-C-A-A-U-U-G-C-C-U-U-G

3. G-T-U-C-C-G-T-U-T-U-C-G-G-T-A-C3. G-T-U-C-C-G-T-U-T-U-C-G-G-T-A-C

QUESTIONS TO KNOWQUESTIONS TO KNOW

11. C-T-A-G-G-C-T-T-A-A-C-G-G-T-T-A-C. C-T-A-G-G-C-T-T-A-A-C-G-G-T-T-A-C

2. 2. C-A-U-G-G-C-A-A-U-U-G-C-C-U-U-GC-A-U-G-G-C-A-A-U-U-G-C-C-U-U-G

3. G-T-U-C-C-G-T-U-T-U-C-G-G-T-A-C3. G-T-U-C-C-G-T-U-T-U-C-G-G-T-A-C

YOU ARE READY TO SUCCEEDYOU ARE READY TO SUCCEED