Dodger Stadium: Case StudiesMarooned No More

Olympic Sculpture Park-Seattle, WAGovernor’s Island-New York, NYCityCenter-Las Vegas, NVCamden Yards-Baltimore, MD

Kevin FinchAdrian FreirePhuong Vo

planting

structures

transportation

aux data<>datum<> Built in Jan. 2005 by MGM Mirage Design group.<> 67 acres/18 million sq. ft.<> $9 billion/high-end residential/hospitality/entertainment/shopping/recreation<> 6 out of 9 buildings are LEED Gold certified<> ARIA hotel/casino is the largest hotel in the world to achieve LEED Gold<> Site serviced by Clark County Fire Station #32<> CityCenter has its own 9 MW, 12.000 HP powerplant to power, cool, and provide hot water to the entire site

[1] CityCenter Las Vegas is the first Urban-themed project of its kind in the city of themed hotel/casinos. CityCenter was designed to be an Urban District with it’s own mix of uses. The Office of James Burnett contributed to design+documentation for CityCenter and led project-wide coordination+collaboration, design presentations, sustainability targets+construction administration.

[2] For argument’s sake, the issue of Las Vegas will have to be foregone if this project is to be critically assessed. Givien CityCenter’s context within Las Vegas, this project was the first development in the city to respond to Las Vegas’ needs for mixed-use urban development. CityCenter targets High-density residential/retail/entertainment/ and recreational development.

[3] THe landscape portion of this site covers a $300 million/LEED Gold project. Landscape typologies include Perimeter plantings, on-structure, off-structure, and indoor plantings. Transportation typologies include light rail, roeads and streets, parking structures, sidewalks, pedestrian paths and bridges, and airport shuttles.

scale:1”=1000’N<>S section

E<>W sectionscale:1”=1000’

[4] CityCenter has seen a steady increase in success since its creation 8 years ago. Condominium residences have sold to High-end targets, even throughout the housing bubble crisis. All structures and typologies function at their intended capacity, except for the cirque du soleil theatre which is only open during performances. Due to the extreme typecast development of this project, each structure may only function at its intended use and may not be easily adapted for other uses. Extraneous uses may be adapted, but given CityCenter’s residents and clientelle, intended programs are unlikely to change.

[5] Economically, CityCenter is not likely to fail. The project is backed by the MGM/Mirage Design group, an organization of unfathomable economic backing and value. However, the VEER towers condo units are advertised as being sold for less than their replacement cost. This has been done in an effort to broaden CityCenter’s target tennant groups.

on structure

project perimeter

parking

entertainment

hotel/casino

retail

vehicular

light rail

CityCenter Las VegasFO +OJB+Denari+Pelli

http://www.globeimages.net/img-city-center-night-las-vegas-1775.htmhttp://www.citycenter.com/http://www.ojb.com/project-8/CityCenter-Las-Vegas/1-gallery-description/http://www.mgmresorts.com/default.aspxhttp://www2.citycenter.com/vision/vision_architects.aspx

kevin FinchPhuong Vo

Adrian FreireLA402/Wilcox

planting

structures

transportation

aux data<>datum<> Built in Jan. 2005 by MGM Mirage Design group.<> 67 acres/18 million sq. ft.<> $9 billion/high-end residential/hospitality/entertainment/shopping/recreation<> 6 out of 9 buildings are LEED Gold certified<> ARIA hotel/casino is the largest hotel in the world to achieve LEED Gold<> Site serviced by Clark County Fire Station #32<> CityCenter has its own 9 MW, 12.000 HP powerplant to power, cool, and provide hot water to the entire site

[1] CityCenter Las Vegas is the first Urban-themed project of its kind in the city of themed hotel/casinos. CityCenter was designed to be an Urban District with it’s own mix of uses. The Office of James Burnett contributed to design+documentation for CityCenter and led project-wide coordination+collaboration, design presentations, sustainability targets+construction administration.

[2] For argument’s sake, the issue of Las Vegas will have to be foregone if this project is to be critically assessed. Givien CityCenter’s context within Las Vegas, this project was the first development in the city to respond to Las Vegas’ needs for mixed-use urban development. CityCenter targets High-density residential/retail/entertainment/ and recreational development.

[3] THe landscape portion of this site covers a $300 million/LEED Gold project. Landscape typologies include Perimeter plantings, on-structure, off-structure, and indoor plantings. Transportation typologies include light rail, roeads and streets, parking structures, sidewalks, pedestrian paths and bridges, and airport shuttles.

scale:1”=1000’N<>S section

E<>W sectionscale:1”=1000’

[4] CityCenter has seen a steady increase in success since its creation 8 years ago. Condominium residences have sold to High-end targets, even throughout the housing bubble crisis. All structures and typologies function at their intended capacity, except for the cirque du soleil theatre which is only open during performances. Due to the extreme typecast development of this project, each structure may only function at its intended use and may not be easily adapted for other uses. Extraneous uses may be adapted, but given CityCenter’s residents and clientelle, intended programs are unlikely to change.

[5] Economically, CityCenter is not likely to fail. The project is backed by the MGM/Mirage Design group, an organization of unfathomable economic backing and value. However, the VEER towers condo units are advertised as being sold for less than their replacement cost. This has been done in an effort to broaden CityCenter’s target tennant groups.

on structure

project perimeter

parking

entertainment

hotel/casino

retail

vehicular

light rail

CityCenter Las VegasFO +OJB+Denari+Pelli

http://www.globeimages.net/img-city-center-night-las-vegas-1775.htmhttp://www.citycenter.com/http://www.ojb.com/project-8/CityCenter-Las-Vegas/1-gallery-description/http://www.mgmresorts.com/default.aspxhttp://www2.citycenter.com/vision/vision_architects.aspx

kevin FinchPhuong Vo

Adrian FreireLA402/Wilcox

scale:1”=150’E<>W section

scale:1”=150’Stadium section

Kevin FinchPhuong Vo

Adrian FreireLA402/Wilcox

http://www.ballparksofbaseball.com/al/CamdenYards.htmhttp://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/10/sports/baseball/oriole-park-at-camden-yards-keeps-up-with-the-times-at-age-20.html?_r=0http://populous.com/project/oriole-park-at-camden-yards/http://alsd.com/content/camden-yards-undergoing-renovations-2011-seasonhttp://baltimore.orioles.mlb.com/bal/ballpark/index.jsphttp://www.kci.com/projects/portfolio/facilities/oriole-park-at-camden-yardshttp://www.inetours.com/images/Snglimgs/Abv_Pac_Bell_Park.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Le_Yankee_Stadium.jpg/300px-Le_Yankee_Stadium.jpghttp://www.petcoparkevents.com/admin/img/Home/03.jpghttp://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_ljo26oDeHJ1qgn65ao1_500.jpg

0.25 mi/5 min

high density

low density

rail

parking

camden yards

AT&

T Park/

San Fr

ancisco

New Yankee Stadium/New York City

PETCO Park/San Diego

Angel Stadium/Anaheim

Camden Yards/Oriole Park POPULOUS+RTKLBaltimore, MD

Oriole Park is the main feature of the Camden Yards Sports Complex. This baseball stadium is commonly referred to as Camden Yards. Camden Yards was the first single-sport stadium of its kind. Before its completion in 1992, baseball games were held in multi-sport, rectangular, symmetrical stadiums. Camden Yards was also unique in deriving its form from the surrounding landscape. The asymmetrical form of Baltimore’s streets translates into the stadium and the baseball field itself. The adjacent B&O Rail Warehouse was also recycled to be included in the stadium design. Camden Yards reflects the brick material used on the Rail Warehouse. The warehouse also houses groud floor retail, team offices and a team clubhouse.

While Camden Yards is the first baseball-only stadium of its kind, the stadium suffers from single-use. In 1995, Pope John Paul II celebrated mass at the stadium, however this was 1 of only 2 times Camden Yards hosted an event other than baseball. The stadium could easily be adapted to support other uses, however its downtown context allows for extraneous uses in other Baltimore facilities such as The M&T Bank Football Stadium. The buildings and spaces surounding Camden Yards accomodate a multitude of uses. The promenade the runs between Camden Yards and the B&O Warehouse hosts the annual Baltimore Marathon as well as farmers’ markets and baseball memorabilia fairs.

‘11

’05

‘01

’97

‘92

stadium capacity48,041

48,079

48,190

48,290

45,971

Satistics onCamdenYards

Location

Broke Ground

Opened

Cost

Owner

Surface

333 West Camden StreetBaltimore, Maryland 21201

June 28, 1989

April 6, 1992

$110 Million

Maryland Stadium Authority

Kentucky Blue Grass

Capacity up to 48,187

Record Attendance

49,828-July 10, 2005

scale:1”=150’E<>W section

scale:1”=150’Stadium section

Kevin FinchPhuong Vo

Adrian FreireLA402/Wilcox

http://www.ballparksofbaseball.com/al/CamdenYards.htmhttp://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/10/sports/baseball/oriole-park-at-camden-yards-keeps-up-with-the-times-at-age-20.html?_r=0http://populous.com/project/oriole-park-at-camden-yards/http://alsd.com/content/camden-yards-undergoing-renovations-2011-seasonhttp://baltimore.orioles.mlb.com/bal/ballpark/index.jsphttp://www.kci.com/projects/portfolio/facilities/oriole-park-at-camden-yardshttp://www.inetours.com/images/Snglimgs/Abv_Pac_Bell_Park.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Le_Yankee_Stadium.jpg/300px-Le_Yankee_Stadium.jpghttp://www.petcoparkevents.com/admin/img/Home/03.jpghttp://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_ljo26oDeHJ1qgn65ao1_500.jpg

0.25 mi/5 min

high density

low density

rail

parking

camden yards

AT&

T Park/

San Fr

ancisco

New Yankee Stadium/New York City

PETCO Park/San Diego

Angel Stadium/Anaheim

Camden Yards/Oriole Park POPULOUS+RTKLBaltimore, MD

Oriole Park is the main feature of the Camden Yards Sports Complex. This baseball stadium is commonly referred to as Camden Yards. Camden Yards was the first single-sport stadium of its kind. Before its completion in 1992, baseball games were held in multi-sport, rectangular, symmetrical stadiums. Camden Yards was also unique in deriving its form from the surrounding landscape. The asymmetrical form of Baltimore’s streets translates into the stadium and the baseball field itself. The adjacent B&O Rail Warehouse was also recycled to be included in the stadium design. Camden Yards reflects the brick material used on the Rail Warehouse. The warehouse also houses groud floor retail, team offices and a team clubhouse.

While Camden Yards is the first baseball-only stadium of its kind, the stadium suffers from single-use. In 1995, Pope John Paul II celebrated mass at the stadium, however this was 1 of only 2 times Camden Yards hosted an event other than baseball. The stadium could easily be adapted to support other uses, however its downtown context allows for extraneous uses in other Baltimore facilities such as The M&T Bank Football Stadium. The buildings and spaces surounding Camden Yards accomodate a multitude of uses. The promenade the runs between Camden Yards and the B&O Warehouse hosts the annual Baltimore Marathon as well as farmers’ markets and baseball memorabilia fairs.

‘11

’05

‘01

’97

‘92

stadium capacity48,041

48,079

48,190

48,290

45,971

Satistics onCamdenYards

Location

Broke Ground

Opened

Cost

Owner

Surface

333 West Camden StreetBaltimore, Maryland 21201

June 28, 1989

April 6, 1992

$110 Million

Maryland Stadium Authority

Kentucky Blue Grass

Capacity up to 48,187

Record Attendance

49,828-July 10, 2005

uses

choices

choices

open

fixed

ecological function<>remediated brownfield<>salmon habitat<>hydrological “land bridge”<>native landscaping<>pedestrian based transportation

<>land re-use<>native landscaping<>little to no vehicular traffic<>island watershed

<>LEED landscape practices<>LEED certified structures<>site dedicated power plant<>multi-use development=smaller carbon output

<>re-used railroad warehouse<>transportational connectivity<>downtown location

<>pedestrian paths<>bicycle paths<>re-connection between downtown and wharf

<>only accessable by Manhattan or Brooklyn ferry<>on-site shuttles and buses<>pedestrian scaled spaces

<>light rail connections<>pedestrian bridges<>people movers<>airport shuttles<>Las Vegas Boulevard

<>Baltimore Metro<>regional rail<>harbor connections<>pedestrian paths and promenade<>highway access

<>petroleum reserve<>downtown Seattle<>waterfront<>unused brownfield<>rail lines

<>military base<>Manhattan<>emulatory of central park<>open space/activity park

<>the Vegas problem<>Urbanized “strip”<>need for residential<>multi-use development<>forms facilitate function<>continued development

<>B&O railyards<>railroad warehouse<>downtown Baltimore<>adjacent harbor<>Camden Yards sports complex

<>park<>outdoor museum<>science lab<>shopping<>performances

<>activity park<>escape from Manhattan<>retail/restaurant<>art museum<>waterfront usage

<>hotel/casino<>shopping<>restaurants<>high-end residential<>urban resort

<>major league baseball<>retail<>sports events<>storefront promenade

transportation

context

program program program program

context

context

CityCenter Las VegasGovernor’s IslandOlympic SculpturePark

Camden Yards

context

transportation transportation

transportationecological function

ecological function

ecological function

e t c p e t c p e t c p e t c p

Despite the similarities and differences between these projects, it is easy to see why these projects were selected for study in compari-

son with Dodger Stadium. After each individual case study was completed, four categories of comparison were selected. These

categories are ecological value, transportation, context, and program. Each site was evaluated in these categories based on what each site has to offer. The ecological value, transportation, and context were all rated on a scale of 1 to 4 and ranked with

each other site. The program category was more subjectively analyzed and rated accordingly.

The first congruency the team discovered was the similarities in ecological value between Olympic Sculpture Garden and

Governor’s Island. The striking remediation of the Olympic Sculpture Garden clearly stood out in these four projects as having the largest

ecological benefit. The re-used and re-purposed military structures on Governor’s Island prevents the use of heavy construction

equipment or even having to ferry such machinery onto the island. Camden Yards makes an attempt to re-use structures by repurpos-ing the B&O Railroad Warehouse, however this choice was geared

more towards historical preservation than ecological function.

These sites share strong transportation linkages. Despite Olympic Sculpture Park being classified as a transportation/infrastructure

project, we found Camden Yards to have the strongest transporta-tion infrastructure. Olympic Sculpture Park effectively creates

transportation where there had been none before by incorporating bike and pedestrian paths to connect the isolated wharf with

downtown Seattle. Camden Yards benefits from multiple modes of transportation. The site has two rail stops; one from Baltimore Metro,

and the other from a regional train line. Camden Yards is also less than 2 blocks from the waterfront of the inn harbor of Baltimore. The stadium also has its own dedicated highway onramp/off-ramp. The

space between Oriole Park and the B&O warehouse is used as a promenade thoroughfare for pedestrians to easily access all areas

of the site. The stadium’s proximity to downtown Baltimore also allows for ease of pedestrian access.

Programmatically is where the differences in these projects were found. CityCenter Las Vegas is undoubtedly a highly successful

urban resort project that is proving to be very influential in the future development of Las Vegas. In terms of multi-use urban develop-

ment, CityCenter provides amenities and necessities to its residents and visitors. Every urban based activity has an on-site dedicated

structure, facility, or space. While Camden Yards also has a strong building typology, program is unlikely to change. Camden Yards is

more than capable of hosting non-sports related events, but has only done so twice since its opening 20 years ago. This may be attributed to the stadium’s downtown context where there is a

dedicated location for all activities. Governor’s Island has effec-tively transformed an abandoned military base into a reclusive

activity park for visitors to Manhattan. However, landscape typolo-gies tend to be too strict with spaces being shaped by their

designed intention. Olympic Sculpture Garden takes park landscape typology and gives control to its user. Program is more

likely to accommodate unintended uses and support a wide array of urban outdoor activities.

Kevin FinchAdrian FreirePhuong VoLA402/Wilcox

connections

uses

choices

choices

open

fixed

ecological function<>remediated brownfield<>salmon habitat<>hydrological “land bridge”<>native landscaping<>pedestrian based transportation

<>land re-use<>native landscaping<>little to no vehicular traffic<>island watershed

<>LEED landscape practices<>LEED certified structures<>site dedicated power plant<>multi-use development=smaller carbon output

<>re-used railroad warehouse<>transportational connectivity<>downtown location

<>pedestrian paths<>bicycle paths<>re-connection between downtown and wharf

<>only accessable by Manhattan or Brooklyn ferry<>on-site shuttles and buses<>pedestrian scaled spaces

<>light rail connections<>pedestrian bridges<>people movers<>airport shuttles<>Las Vegas Boulevard

<>Baltimore Metro<>regional rail<>harbor connections<>pedestrian paths and promenade<>highway access

<>petroleum reserve<>downtown Seattle<>waterfront<>unused brownfield<>rail lines

<>military base<>Manhattan<>emulatory of central park<>open space/activity park

<>the Vegas problem<>Urbanized “strip”<>need for residential<>multi-use development<>forms facilitate function<>continued development

<>B&O railyards<>railroad warehouse<>downtown Baltimore<>adjacent harbor<>Camden Yards sports complex

<>park<>outdoor museum<>science lab<>shopping<>performances

<>activity park<>escape from Manhattan<>retail/restaurant<>art museum<>waterfront usage

<>hotel/casino<>shopping<>restaurants<>high-end residential<>urban resort

<>major league baseball<>retail<>sports events<>storefront promenade

transportation

context

program program program program

context

context

CityCenter Las VegasGovernor’s IslandOlympic SculpturePark

Camden Yards

context

transportation transportation

transportationecological function

ecological function

ecological function

e t c p e t c p e t c p e t c p

Despite the similarities and differences between these projects, it is easy to see why these projects were selected for study in compari-

son with Dodger Stadium. After each individual case study was completed, four categories of comparison were selected. These

categories are ecological value, transportation, context, and program. Each site was evaluated in these categories based on what each site has to offer. The ecological value, transportation, and context were all rated on a scale of 1 to 4 and ranked with

each other site. The program category was more subjectively analyzed and rated accordingly.

The first congruency the team discovered was the similarities in ecological value between Olympic Sculpture Garden and

Governor’s Island. The striking remediation of the Olympic Sculpture Garden clearly stood out in these four projects as having the largest

ecological benefit. The re-used and re-purposed military structures on Governor’s Island prevents the use of heavy construction

equipment or even having to ferry such machinery onto the island. Camden Yards makes an attempt to re-use structures by repurpos-ing the B&O Railroad Warehouse, however this choice was geared

more towards historical preservation than ecological function.

These sites share strong transportation linkages. Despite Olympic Sculpture Park being classified as a transportation/infrastructure

project, we found Camden Yards to have the strongest transporta-tion infrastructure. Olympic Sculpture Park effectively creates

transportation where there had been none before by incorporating bike and pedestrian paths to connect the isolated wharf with

downtown Seattle. Camden Yards benefits from multiple modes of transportation. The site has two rail stops; one from Baltimore Metro,

and the other from a regional train line. Camden Yards is also less than 2 blocks from the waterfront of the inn harbor of Baltimore. The stadium also has its own dedicated highway onramp/off-ramp. The

space between Oriole Park and the B&O warehouse is used as a promenade thoroughfare for pedestrians to easily access all areas

of the site. The stadium’s proximity to downtown Baltimore also allows for ease of pedestrian access.

Programmatically is where the differences in these projects were found. CityCenter Las Vegas is undoubtedly a highly successful

urban resort project that is proving to be very influential in the future development of Las Vegas. In terms of multi-use urban develop-

ment, CityCenter provides amenities and necessities to its residents and visitors. Every urban based activity has an on-site dedicated

structure, facility, or space. While Camden Yards also has a strong building typology, program is unlikely to change. Camden Yards is

more than capable of hosting non-sports related events, but has only done so twice since its opening 20 years ago. This may be attributed to the stadium’s downtown context where there is a

dedicated location for all activities. Governor’s Island has effec-tively transformed an abandoned military base into a reclusive

activity park for visitors to Manhattan. However, landscape typolo-gies tend to be too strict with spaces being shaped by their

designed intention. Olympic Sculpture Garden takes park landscape typology and gives control to its user. Program is more

likely to accommodate unintended uses and support a wide array of urban outdoor activities.

Kevin FinchAdrian FreirePhuong VoLA402/Wilcox

connections