Dog Lovers Guide to Understanding Your Pet

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    Dog Lovers Guide To Understanding Your Pet

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    Table of contents:

    Prelude1. Understanding ingredients2. Dogs need different diets at different ages3. Vitamin and mineral supplements4. Boredom and variet!. "ost of feeds#. Dr Vs. "anned food$. %ome made diets&. 'ood allergies(. %o) mu*+ s+ould , feed m dog-1 . %o) often s+ould , feed m dog-11. /igns of ,ll +ealt+

    12. %eart )orm0 fleas and ot+er parasites13. %eart )orm prevention14. "ommon uestions a out +eart )orm1!. 'leas and ot+er parasites1#. Do parasites *ause /*ooting -1$. Preventing dental disease1&. %ome dental *are1(. Veterinar dental treatments2 . T+e importan*e of t+e p+ si*al e5amination21. 6+ are regular *+e*78ups important-

    22. 6+at +appens during an e5amination-23. %o) often s+ould m pet e e5amined-24. %o) to administer medi*ine2!. 9ursing a si*7 dog2#. Va**inations2$. "ommon uestions a out va**inations2&. /pa ing and neutering2(. /pa ing of t+e 'emale dog3 . /urgi*al neutering of t+e male dog31. Pet +ealt+ insuran*e32. "lipping a dog33. 'irst steps in grooming34. Bat+ing a dog3!. Pet ,dentifi*ation

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    Prelude

    Dogs are an integral part of +uman so*iet on ever in+a ited *ontinenton :art+. T+e drive livesto*7 and prote*t it; poli*e propert ; s*ent anddete*t illi*it su stan*es; +aul sleds; retrieve game; guide t+e lind; sear*+for and res*ue t+e lost and ines t+e pet o)ner to offer good *are to +is or +er pet and alsogives solutions for unresolved pro lems.

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    1. Understanding ingredients

    Understanding t+e ingredients of our dog?s food items is a must fort+e dog lovers or dog o)ners. 6+enever ou feed t+e dog )it+ different7inds of food items0 ou s+ould al)a s read t+e la el and understand t+e*ontents a out t+e dog feed t pes t+at are eing used in su*+ *ommer*ialpreparations. You s+ould understand t+e ingredients )+ile u ing food for

    our dog and also 7no) )+at to loo7 for.

    'eed items in*lude dr and fres+ food. T+e fres+ dog food t+at isprepared in +omes generall *onsists of ingredients li7e fres+l *ut *+i*7enpie*es in addition to t+e *ran err in* o5ide0 *+oline*+loride0 et*. are often t+e ingredients in *ase of vegetarian ased dietitems offered to t+e pet animals li7e dogs.

    @a) egg0 *+i*7en0 eef0 mutton0 fis+0 uail et*. are often t+epreferred ingredients in *ase of dog diets t+at are prepared on t+e asis of t+e non8vegetarian items. Taurine is one of t+e essential ingredients fort+e dogAs nutrition. Li7e )ise0 in t+e *ase of dogs feed )it+ fro>en fis+items0 t+e vitamin *alled t+iamine needs to e supplemented as aningredient.

    an premium t pe of dog food preparations *ontain essential fatta*ids0 *ar o+ drates )it+ ade uate fi er *ontents0 vitamins li7e =0 D0 :and B *omple5 vitamins.

    'urt+ermore0 minerals li7e >in*0 is an essential ingredient for s7in+ealt+ status and *al*ium0 )+i*+ is an essential ingredient for onegro)t+0 toni*it of mus*les. T+e s+ould e enri*+ed in t+ese food items.%o)ever0 t+e *ost of t+ose food preparations are *omparativel moree5pensive t+an t+e food preparations )it+ general ingredients. T+oug+ itma e etter for our dog?s +ealt+.

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    2. Dogs need different diets at different ages

    Dogs need different diets at different ages. Yes. T+is is true. 'ore5ample0 t+e pupp needs mil7 as t+e ma

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    3. Vitamin and mineral supplements

    Vitamin and mineral supplements are t+e most important*omponents in an dogAs feeding. ,f t+ere is a alan*e in t+e vitamin andmineral supplements0 t+en t+e animal )ill +ave a +ealt+ life and +en*e0t+e immunit is not *ompromised in an un)anted )a . T+is simpl meanst+at t+ere t+e dog )ill e more disease resistan*e against variousdiseases.

    Pet o)ners s+ould 7no) t+at vitamins =0 D0 :0 and C are t+e fat8solu le vitamins and ot+ers are )ater8solu le vitamins. Vitamins li7et+iamine0 p rido5ine and * ano*o alamin are important for t+e fun*tionsof nervous s stem. Defi*ien* of vitamin = leads to nig+t lindness ands7in lesions and defi*ien* of vitamin D leads to t+e softening and

    )ea7ening of t+e ones.

    T+ese pro lems are man a time en*ountered t+e dog o)ners. =mong t+ese0 vitamin = to5i*ities ma o**ur if ou feed t+em in e5*essiveamounts0 li7e vitamin D. %en*e0 give emp+asis on t+is )+ile ou are usingt+ese vitamins in t+e dogs. "od liver oil from sele*ted fis+es +as morevitamin = in t+em and are universall good feed for dogs.

    =ll dogs ma not need supplements of minerals or vitamins to live)ell for t+e moment0 ut it is important for t+eir future. ,f t+e e*ome

    si*7 or aged or ver oung )it+out proper feeding0 supplementations arere uired for t+e up7eep of +ealt+ status in t+em. %o)ever0 one +as tofollo) t+e instru*tions of veterinarian in t+is regard.

    ,f t+e dogs are fed )it+ fis+ in fro>en *onditions0 t+en t+e ma esuffering *onstantl from vitamin B1 defi*ien* and +en*e0 su*+ dogs needto e given spe*ifi*all B1. "areless supplementations of minerals malead to diseases and +en*e0 veterinarians al)a s need to e *onsulted ont+e supplementation of minerals or vitamins.

    inerals li7e *al*ium0 magnesium0 >in*0 manganese0 iron0 *opperet*. are given more emp+asis in addition to sodium and potassium. in* isrelated to s7in +ealt+ and potassium is related to t+e mus*le +ealt+ and*al*ium )it+ p+osp+orus is related to t+e one +ealt+.

    %o)ever0 if ou feed t+e dog )it+ *+i*7en0 mutton or eef along)it+ re uired vegeta les0 artifi*ial supplementation of mineral or vitamin

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    ta lets ma e +ig+l redu*ed ut supplements need to e t+oug+t of)+en ou are not a le to maintain a alan*ed nutrition as t+is +appens)it+ most of t+e dogs0 due to multifa*eted *auses.

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    4. Boredom and variety

    Boredom and variet are al)a s inter *onne*ted in *ase of dogmis e+aving. Yes. T+is is true. an a times0 oredom *an e managed)it+ variet of materials t+at )ill distra*t t+e animals to a greater e5tent.%en*e0 t+e dog ma not do t+e a normal or un)anted a*tivit arising outof t+e oredom e5perien*ed it.

    Boredom e5perien*ed dogs ma +ave different t pes of e+avioralpatterns. 'or e5ample0 some dogs )ill e seen ar7ing *ontinuousl andsome ma e engaged al)a s in some digging a*tivities.

    T+ere are man )a s to get our dog out of its oredom a*tivities.an to s are availa le )+i*+ simulated du*70 dog0 rodent et*.

    T+ese ma e 7ept inside t+e *rate and in parti*ular0 puppies lovet+ese items. = uster *u e )it+ multiple treats ma e pla*ed in t+e dogAss+elter and t+e animal soon understands on +o) to roll t+e uster *u e toget t+e treats it prefers. = Buster "u e is an ingenious to use forsimulating and a*tivating our dog during pla and feed time. ,nstead ofpla*ing t+e food monotonousl in one pla*e0 *+ange t+e pla*e of feedingsuddenl .

    /u*+ a*tions )ill e +elpful for removing t+e oredom li7e a*tivit in

    our dog. =*tivities pertaining to oredom need to e redefined )ell t+edog o)ners. T+is )ill +elp t+em to a greater e5tent to drive a)a t+eun)anted e+avior patterns in t+eir pet dogs.

    'or e5ample0 some dogs ma often +ave destru*tive iting*+ara*ters and )ill e seen iting *+air0 *lot+0 mats0 and ever t+ing t+at*an see. =fter ruling out t+e teet+ing pro lem if it is a pupp 0 provide it)it+ some large si>ed alls0 mineral mi5ture ased one materials0 et*./u*+ variet of materials +elp to redu*e t+e oredom related a*tivities.

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    . !ost of feeds

    T+e *ost of dog feed is one fa*tor t+at is most important in t+e *aseof feeding of dogs )it+ different 7inds of food items. Yes. T+is is true. T+e*ost fa*tor needs to e loo7ed into in various perspe*tives during t+epreparation of t+e food items0 re uired for t+e alan*ed feeding of dogs)it+ proper vitamin and mineral supplementations in t+e food.

    "ost )ill not al)a s matter mu*+ e*ause t+e dogAs value is eingassessed in terms of *ompanions+ip and t+e +appiness derived from t+edog to t+e dog o)ner. T+oug+ t+e *ost of t+e food items is *omparativelmore0 man dog o)ners donAt mind mu*+ due to t+e in*reased enefitsderived from t+eir dogs in terms of prote*tion0 guiding0 et*.

    /ele*tion of ingredients for t+e +ome made food needs to e+o)ever ased on t+e ualit fa*tor. :ven )+en t+e ualit is more0general persons ma see7 some *+eaper items onl . @e*ommendednutrient *ontents ma e o tained from t+e national nutrient a*ademies inall nations and t+is )ill provide guidelines.

    Ene *an *orrelate t+e *ost fa*tor )it+ items availa le in t+eir o)n*ountr . Generall 0 t+e *ommer*ial food items are e5pensive espe*iall t+eones t+at use t+e modern te*+nologies of food preparation li7e oven8

    a7ing0 sterili>ation of *ans0 air dr ing or free>e dr ing of *ontents et*.

    "anned items *ost more t+an t+e dr food items. %o)ever0 t+e *ostof t+e items depends on )+at 7ind of food item to e used for t+e dogs.'ood allergies need to e monitored during usage of different food itemsin *ase of dogs due to t+e *+eaper *ost of t+e items. Eften t+e ualitneed not e *ompromised e*ause of t+e *ost fa*tor.

    ost of t+e dog food items no)ada s +ave mentioned t+eir *ost int+e la el itself. %en*e0 t+e dog o)ner need not +ave an pro lem in ta7inga de*ision on t+e pur*+ase.

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    ". Dry Vs. !anned food

    T+ese t pes of food materials are different )it+ different grades ofli7ing t+e dogs. Dogs li7e dr foods onl if t+e are tast onl and+o)ever0 on *omparison0 t+e dogs prefer onl t+e *anned food items.@eason for su*+ preferen*e t+e dogs is t+at in *ase of *anned fooditems0 t+e moisture is a out sevent to eig+t per *ent ut in *ase of drfood0 it is onl a out ten per *ent.

    %o)ever0 if ou vie) it in terms of nutrients0 often t+e dr food*ontains nearl ninet per *ent nutrients )+ereas t+e *anned food items*ontain onl less per *ent of nutrients and most of t+e times. ,t is onl soprodu*ts t+at are stru*tured so )ell to loo7 li7e meat pie*es.

    %en*e0 to ma7e up t+e nutritional alan*e in t+e od s stems0 t+edog +as to eat more amounts of *anned food materials t+an t+e dr foodmaterials. %en*e0 ed dogs ma +ave asatisfa*tor level of nutrients if fed even t+e moist food items.%o)ever0 t+e *alori* densit of t+e dr food s+ould not e forgotten.:nri*+ed dr food items are +ig+l )el*ome ones t+an t+e non 8enri*+edfood items.

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    #. $ome made diets

    %ome made diets are important in t+e dog feeding. an a times0t+e *ommer*ial diets *onsist of food items t+at +ave artifi*ial *oloringagents and flavoring agents t+at are +armful to t+e dog?s od . %omemade food items +ave t+e guarantee of fres+ness in t+e preparation unli7et+e read 8made *ommer*ial items.

    T+e preservatives added in t+e *ommer*ial food items ma not et+e suita le ones to t+e dogs from t+e +ealt+ point of vie). :ven in *aseof renal diseases in dogs0 t+e +ome made diets ma e made )it+ ground

    eef0 sli*es of read0 *al*ium *ar onate0 oiled eggs et*.

    T+e purpose is to +ave t+e restri*ted protein suppl in t+e feed

    items prepared. T+is s+ould e *arried out )it+ +ome made dietsprepared e5*lusivel for t+e dogs suffering from renal diseases. 6ater isadded in suffi*ient uantities to +elp t+e proper meta olism in t+edigestion8impaired renal *ases.

    T+e dog ma +ave allergi* s mptoms li7e severe it*+ing0 )+i*+ manot get *orre*ted different 7inds of medi*ations emplo ed over a periodof time. /u*+ *ases ma get easil treated on*e t+e dog food is *+angedfrom t+e *ommer*ial t pe of food to t+e +ome made food items.

    Eften0 t+e +ome made food items are prepared using t+e free>ingpro*edures to 7ill t+e germs or adding grape seed e5tra*ts to providesuffi*ient antio5idants to t+e +ome made food items. 'ood grade vinegaris also added in man times to t+e meat pie*es prepared in a fres+manner. =ll t+ese *an e enri*+ed )it+ vitamin supplements t+at areavaila le in fruit essen*es0 fis+ oil et*.

    "ran err

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    %. &ood allergies

    'ood allergies are somet+ing t+at is diffi*ult to identif unless one is)ell a)are of t+e aseline information )it+ regard to t+is t pe of allerg .T+e main s mptoms of food allergies in dogs in*lude t+e fa*ial it*+ing0lim *+e)ing0 ell it*+ing0 re*urrent ear infe*tions or s7in infe*tions.

    /in*e t+e dogs *onsume lot of prepared food materials in*ludingvarious 7inds of proteins0 fillers0 *oloring agents and more; in t+e*ommer*ial food materials0 t+e in*iden*es of food allergies are more t+anone *an imagine. =llergi* rea*tions mostl involve t+e s7in or t+e gastrointestinal tra*t.

    ,f ou *ome a*ross our dog it*+ing after t+e provision of spe*ifi*

    food materials0 t+en suspe*t t+e food allerg in t+is animal. %o)ever0*onditions li7e fungal infe*tions need to e ruled out in general efore t+e*on*lusion of it*+ing as a sign of food allerg .

    T+ere are man re*orded in*iden*es of allergies of dogs to *orn orto )+eat. %o)ever0 t+e food allergies var from dog to dog. @ead t+ela els *learl efore feeding our dogs )it+ pet food materials0 in su*+o**asions. Too mu*+ *olored food materials ma e avoided sin*e t+ema *ause allergies to our dog.

    'ood allergies are often lin7ed to t+e + per a*tive e+avior noti*edin t+e dogs. =dded *olors0 preservatives0 and +ig+ fat diet mig+t *ausesu*+ food allergies in t+e dogs and +en*e0 one +as to e *areful inproviding ne) 7ind of diet to t+eir dogs and *losel monitor t+e dog foran signs of allerg .

    T+ere are man o**asions t+at food allergies mig+t e diagnosed int+e dogs ut t+e dog ma +ave ot+er pro lems li7e pan*reatitis. To ruleout t+e food allergies0 o servation our dogs ever time ou feed t+em0loo7 for reasons to lin7 t+e signs of dog )it+ food given0 spe*ifi* signsen*ountered0 differential diagnosis et*. are t+e important features to egiven emp+asis.

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    '. $o( muc) s)ould * feed my dog+

    an people )ill give different t pes of ans)ers ased on t+eire5perien*e )it+ t+eir dogs. %o)ever0 t+e s*ientifi* fa*ts related to t+efeeding aspe*ts in *ase of dogs need to e given emp+asis during t+efeeding a*tivities maintained in *ase of dogs.

    Usuall t+e puppies s+ould not e separated efore t+e are eig+t)ee7s old. %o)ever0 some times t+e orp+aned puppies ma e5ist. Usualla out five per*ent of t+e od )eig+t ma e ta7en as *riteria for t+e

    uantit of food to e given to t+e puppies. %o)ever0 t+e amount t+at is*onsumed t+e dog varies )it+ si>e of t+e dogs also.

    %o)ever0 one *an +ave a t+um rule of feeding t+e pupp goes

    until ou see visi le fullness of t+e a domen to a moderate degree. ,f ouare going on feeding t+e animal )it+out giving emp+asis to t+e animalAsstoma*+ appearan*e0 t+en t+e pupp ma e5perien*e some 7inds ofdigestive upsets and t+e diarr+ea ma o**ur in t+em.

    T+is ma *ause man in*onvenien*es to t+e o)ner as )ell as t+epupp . Unli7e adult dogs0 t+e puppies need to e fed )it+ restri*tedamounts of food ut in more fre uen*ies. %o)ever0 on*e t+e ageadvan*es0 t+e amount ma e in*reased to some e5tent ut t+e fre uen*of feeding is often de*reased in man o**asions.

    = dog on a ra) diet ma *onsume onl t)o to four per*ent of t+eirod )eig+t. Fust o serve *losel t+e feeding pattern of t+e dog and t+eod *ondition of t+e animal. ,f t+e dog e*omes o ese0

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    1,. $o( often s)ould * feed my dog+

    T+is often e*omes an important uestion as7ed man doglovers and dog o)ners. ,f it is a pupp )it+in age of t+e first si5 )ee7s0t+e puppies need to e given mil7 at t+e rate of five to seven times perda . T+e pupp )ill ma7e some sound if it )ants to feed in general.

    %o)ever0 t+e feeding fre uen* ma e redu*ed )+en t+e doge*omes si5 to eig+t )ee7s old. B t+e time t+e dog assumes t+e age of

    four )ee7s0 it ma start ta7ing of some solid food. %en*e0 mi5 t+e solidfood )it+ )ater in ma

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    11. -igns of *ll )ealt)

    /igns of ill +ealt+ are t+e most important signs of t+e +ealt+ statusin our dogs. 'or e5ample0 if t+e dog +as *ontinuous nasal dis*+arge0 itindi*ates t+e presen*e of nasal *ongestion and if t+e dis*+arge is t+i*70most of t+e times0 t+e dog ma +ave pneumonia.

    ,f t+e dog vomits one or t)o times o**asionall 0 t+is ma not eta7en as a serious sign of ill +ealt+ ut if t+e dog *ontinues t+is vomiting0t+en t+is is somet+ing signifi*ant to e loo7ed into.

    ,f t+e dog +as *ontinuous it*+ing0 t+en one needs to *+e*7 up t+edog first *loser o servation and e5amination of s7in separating t+e+air material espe*iall in *ase of long +aired reeds. You ma also *ome

    a*ross a lot of ti*7s or li*e on s7in0 )+i*+ ma loo7 apparentl normal at adistan*e.

    ,f t+e dog passes loose stool for one or t)o times0 t+is need not egiven more emp+asis ut if t+ere is *ontinuous passing of loose stool0 t+ent+e dog is understood to suffer from o)el disorders. ,f t+e dog does notpass stool for t)o to t+ree da s0 t+e digestive upsets needs to e ruled out*arefull .

    Fust patientl o serve t+e dogAs )al7ing movements and rule out

    an a normal movements in t+e dog. ,f t+e dog is limping0 t+e animal ma+ave foot lesions. /imilarl 0 if t+e aged dog +as relu*tant )al7ing and lessfeed inta7e along )it+ repeated vomiting0 t+en a*ute renal disorders li7enep+ritis needs to e ruled out.

    ,f t+ere is )+iteness in e es0 suspe*t t+e *orneal opa*it t+at mao**ur in diseases li7e tr panasomosis. 6+en t+e dog e*omes anemi*0 t+emu*ous mem rane of t+e e es e*omes paler and in severe *ases0 t+isma +ave )all )+ite *olor. ,f t+e dog ites *+ain and o)ners or ot+ers0loo7 for e+avior disorders and ra ies needs to e ruled out.

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    12. $eart (orm fleas and ot)er parasites

    %eart )orm0 fleas and ot+er parasites in dogs need to e eliminated follo)ing appropriate medi*ations in t+em. an produ*ts +ave *ome

    up in t+e *ommer*ial fields to prote*t t+e dogs from +eart )orms0 fleasand ot+er parasites li7e +oo7 )orms0 )+ip )orms0 round )orms0 li*e0 ti*7set*.

    =mong t+e +eart )orm0 fleas and ot+er parasites0 t+e fleas produ*et+e + per sensitive rea*tions in t+e affe*ted animals. %en*e0 t+e animalsinfested )it+ fleas start severel s*rat*+ing of od . an times0 t+es*rat*+ing is so severe and t+e s7in e*omes more + peremi* anddermatitis o**urs in t+e affe*ted areas.

    =nimal )ill not lie do)n or sleep *omforta l due to t+e *onstantites t+e fleas. %en*e0 animal loo7s as if affe*ted some severe s7indisease. ,f t+e animal is not properl attended for t+is ti*7 ite pro lem0t+ere )ill e often se*ondar a*terial invasions in t+ese sites and t+erema even e a ad smell emanating from t+e s7in areas.

    "lose o servation of t+e dog is +ig+l essential to rule out t+eo**urren*e of fleas distur ing t+e animal to a greater e5tent. /imilarl 0 t+es7in of t+e animal needs to e tested for t+e presen*e of ti*7s0 li*e et*. 'ort+is0 t+e +air materials need to e separated and t+e *lose o servation

    )it+ patien*e is re uired for t+e proper diagnosis.

    ,n man in*iden*es0 if anemia is present0 t+e lood proto>oa need toe ruled out in addition to t+e +oo7)orm pro lems. T+e *lini*al pro lems

    li7e anemia0 loose motion0 pot ell et*. mig+t e re*ogni>ed t+e dogo)ners t+emselves and +o)ever0 t+e dog needs to undergo t+e routine+ealt+ related e5amination involving fe*al e5amination0 +ematologi*ale5amination and lood smear e5amination.

    an *ommer*ial produ*ts +ave *ome up in t+e mar7et0 )+i*+ areuseful to deal )it+ all t+ese *onditions single dose. Drugs li7eiverme*tin are +ig+l useful and are availa le in ot+ in

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    13. $eart (orm prevention

    Beef flavored *+un7s are availa le in addition to t+e eef flavoredta lets or solutions t+at *an e given orall to t+e dogs as a measureagainst t+e in*iden*e of +eart )orms. =void mos uito ites providingproper mos uito8proof s+elter fa*ilities to t+e dogs.

    Fust plan )+et+er t+ere is an need to go for t+e +eart )ormprevention t+oug+ out t+e ear or onl in some mont+s of t+e ear. 'ore5ample0 in *ase of some *ountries0 t+e mos uitoes ma e dormant inmost of t+e *older mont+s.

    %o)ever0 in some *ountries0 t+is is not a position. an a times0medi*ations are availa le for oral administration to prevent +eart )orms

    along )it+ +oo7)orms et*. /u*+ oral medi*ations need to e ta7en as pert+e instru*tions. %o)ever0 e *autious a out t+e o**urren*e of anadverse drug rea*tions in t+e dog given )it+ su*+ prop+ la*ti* t+erap .

    =dverse event reports need to e sent if ou *ome a*ross an sortsof adverse drug rea*tions in our dog during t+e preventive treatment./oft eef flavored ta lets are +ig+l preferred t+e pet animals as t+epreventive measure against +eart )orms. T+e pet o)ner needs to *onsulta veterinarian if t+e dose for t+e prop+ la5is of +eart )orm is missed forfe) mont+s. ,n su*+ o**asions0 t+e pet animal needs to undergo t+e

    +eart )orm test.

    %eartgard0 sentinel0 inter*eptor0 revolution0 et*. are availa le in t+e*ommer*ial fields as drugs for t+e preventive measure. =void )aterstagnation around t+e dog s+elter and t+e us+es around t+e area t+atfa*ilitate mos uito reeding. T+is test needs to e *arried out in*onsultation )it+ a veterinarian )+o is spe*iali>ed in t+e pet animal +ealt+*are and medi*ine.

    =s a preventive measure for t+e +eart )orms0 t+e dogs need to etested for t+e eviden*e of t+ese )orms at an age of si5 mont+s. @eal eef *+e) a le ta lets are availa le *ontaining medi*al agent li7e iverme*tin.

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    14. !ommon /uestions about )eart (orm

    T+e *ommon uestions a out +eart )orm are often related to t+espe*ies affe*ted +eart )orms in addition to t+e dogs. Ene s+ould 7no)t+at in addition to dogs0 t+e *at0 fo50 )olf0 +orse0 sea lion et*. are alsoaffe*ted. "an t+is e *ured or not- Yes. T+is *an e treated.

    6+at is t+e drug used often for t+e prevention of +eart )orm indogs- ,verme*tin is t+e drug used often to +ave preventive a*tions fort+ese +eart )orms. Dogs affe*ted reveal *onstant *oug+ing0 panting anddullness in man o**asions.

    6+at )ill e t+e si>e of t+e )orms- ,n t+e *ase of t+e females0 it isa out t)ent 8seven *entimeters and in t+e *ase of males0 it is a out

    seventeen *entimeters in lengt+. ,s t+ere an ve*tor involve in t+etransmission of t+e disease- Yes. os uitoes often get asso*iated asve*tors in )+i*+ t+e earl development of larvae of +eart )orms o**ur int+em.

    ,s t+e prop+ la5is meant onl for +eart )orms or ot+ers also- T+eprop+ la5is is meant not onl for t+e +eart )orms ut also for t+e +oo7)orms0 )+ip )orms0 and round )orms. 6+at is t+e infe*tive t pe oflarvae t+at is asso*iated )it+ t+e transmission of t+ese +eart )orms- T+et+ird stage larva t+at is transmitted t+e mos uito ites.

    T+is o**urs t+roug+ out t+e )orld. ,n some areas0 t+e in*iden*esare less in *older mont+s in )+i*+ t+e mos uito reeding )ill not e t+ereand ma e dormant during t+ese periods. 6+at is t+e name of t+e drugused for t+erap and prevention- ,verme*tin and mil em *in o5ime ma

    e used for ot+ purposes. ,verme*tin is availa le in inine ma e used for t+erap purpose.

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    1 . &leas and ot)er parasites

    'leas and ot+er parasites need to e given al)a s a priorit t+edog o)ners. T+e *ommon in*iden*es of flea ite allerg in *ase of dogs*ause )orries among t+e dog o)ners. 'lea ite indu*es allergi* rea*tionsin t+e *on*erned area itten t+e fleas. %en*e0 t+e affe*ted area loo7sli7e +airless area and t+e animal starts s*rat*+ing.

    'leas *ause severe dermatitis in dogs )it+ severe flea infestations.an times0 t+e flea ite *auses allergi* rea*tions in t+e dogs. ,n man

    o**asions0 dogs e5perien*e severe dis*omforts due to t+ese allergi*rea*tions. edi*ated *ollars are availa le to treat and prevent t+einfestation )it+ e5ternal parasites li7e ti*7s or fleas.

    Et+er parasites li7e ti*7s0 li*e in addition to t+e internal parasites li7e+oo7 )orms0 round )orms0 )+ip )orms et*. *ause affe*tions in t+e +ealt+status of t+e animal. 'or e5ample0 if +oo7)orm affe*ts t+e animal0 most of t+e times0 t+e dog +as anemia. T+e anemi* signs e*ome more prominentdepending on t+e degree of affe*tion t+e +oo7)orm.

    %oo7)orm larvae *an pass dire*tl t+roug+ t+e s7in and *ausepro lems in t+e affe*ted ones. /u*+ dogs ma reveal lesions pertaining tot+e dermatitis in t+e feet region and in t+e s7in areas. /7in ras+es ma eseen fre uentl in su*+ *ases and t+e affe*ted animal passes loose stool0

    )+i*+ is of red tinged and mi5ed )it+ lood material.

    ,f t+e round )orms are seen in more num ers0 t+e affe*ted puppiesreveal a pot ell *ondition0 )+i*+ is easil re*ogni>ed t+e dog o)nerst+emselves. Pipera>ine salts are given oral route for t+e treatment oft+is pro lem. %o)ever0 road8spe*trum ant+elminti*s li7e p rantelpamoate0 fen enda>ole et*. are given to treat t+ese *onditions.

    an drugs +ave *ome in mar7et to treat t+e fleas and ot+erparasites. 9o)ada s0 t+e medi*al agent *alled as iverme*tin is +ig+lpreferred man dog o)ners to treat t+e fleas and ot+er parasites indogs. T+is drug is availa le in in

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    1". Do parasites cause 0-cooting +

    Parasites too *ause t+e s*ooting. /*ooting is a an anal sa* disease.'irst let?s understand )+at s*ooting is in detail. T+is is t+e dragging ofanus )it+ t+e +ind lim s in an e5tended state. Parasites *ausing irritationin t+e anus regions lead to su*+ t pe of a*tions in animals li7e dogs.

    %o)ever0 one s+ould not e under t+e impression t+at it is t+eparasite t+at alone *auses su*+ s*ooting in *ase of dogs. T+ere are mano**asions in )+i*+ t+e dog ma +ave t+e s*ooting )it+out an parasite

    ased etiologi*al agent. 'or e5ample0 t+e anal gland infe*tions0 tumors att+e anus and in

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    1#. reventing dental disease

    Preventing dental disease is an important feature0 )+i*+ is to epaid more emp+asis t+e dog lovers or dog o)ners. Dental disease isgiven priorit in t+e +ealt+ s*+edule of t+e dog no)ada s e*ause of t+easso*iation of t+e dental diseases )it+ s stemi* diseases in t+e dogs.

    =nti ioti*s need to e given in t+e initial stage of teet+ infe*tionitself and if not0 t+is ma *ause spe*ifi* infe*tions and t+e organisms maspread to t+e ot+er near regions li7e t+e oral mu*ous mem rane andp+ar ngeal region et*.

    ore a*idi* or al7aline food materials need not e given to t+e dogsto avoid t+e possi le teet+ damage. =nti ioti*s need to e given in t+e

    initial stage of teet+ infe*tion itself and if not0 t+is ma *ause spe*ifi*infe*tions and t+e organisms ma spread to t+e ot+er near regions li7et+e oral mu*ous mem rane and p+ar ngeal region et*. ore a*idi* oral7aline food materials need not e given to t+e dogs to avoid t+e possi leteet+ damage. ,f t+e dog is not given at its oung age some onmaterial to ite on0 t+e dog ma develop some dental diseases later. T+eteet+ing a*tion often *auses t+e animal to go for iting in an indis*riminatemanner. %en*e0 t+e animal +as to e given some iting materials to avoidt+e o**urren*e of dental diseases.

    ,f t+ere is an eviden*e of leeding from t+e oral region0 t+e dogneeds to e e5amined t+oroug+l for an dental a normalit . ainl t+epuppies or some times0 t+e adult dogs also ma +ave teet+ in

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    1%. $ome dental care

    %ome dental *are is to e given more emp+asis no)ada s e*auseof t+e fa*t t+at t+e dental diseases are emerging in t+e *ase of petanimals li7e dogs to a greater e5tent. T+oug+ ou are giving +ome dental*are0 if ou suspe*t on t+e e5tension of t+e dental diseases0 t+enimmediatel approa*+ t+e veterinarian for intervention.

    Tr to provide one materials )it+out ver s+arp points to t+e dogsand t+e ma love to *+e) t+em and t+en s)allo) t+e itten produ*ts./u*+ a*tivities +elp t+em to go for t+e development of strong teet+stru*tures in a natural manner.

    ind t+at t+e reeds of dogs li7e Pe7ingese0 et*. are more prone for

    t+e development of teet+ diseases e*ause t+e teet+ are *losel *ro)nedin t+e oral *avit e to t+e small si>e of t+e t+ese dogs. %en*e0 t+ese dogsneed to e *+e*7ed up for t+e e5*essive pla ue formation in t+e +omeitself.

    @e*reational ra) eef ones are )onderful materials to 7eep t+eteet+ stru*tures of our dog *lean and free from formation of pla ue )it+

    uild up of a*terial organisms. Teet+ rus+es are availa le for use )it+*are in *ase of dogs and one +as to e *areful during t+e usage of t+ese

    rus+es in dogs. Teet+ rus+es are to e used )it+ spe*ial 7inds of pastes

    re*ommended t+e veterinarians for +ome use in *ase of dogs.

    /pe*iall prepared food materials are availa le in t+e pet s+ops toremove t+e tartar and t+e pla ue materials from t+e teet+ stru*tures. Drdog food and to s t+at are spe*iall made to add strengt+ to t+e teet+stru*tures are often used at +ome for etter teet+ *leaning.

    T+e pla ue materials are intermittentl to e removed at +ome toavoid an o**urren*e of t+e periodontal diseases0 )+i*+ are more *ommonamong t+e dogs. Dental )ipes are availa le in t+e pet s+ops and t+ema e used *arefull in t+e +ome. T+is +elps to remove more pla ue andt+e tartar li7e materials t+at are loosel atta*+ed.

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    1'. Veterinary dental treatments

    Veterinar dental treatments are more important. ,f t+e dentalstru*tures are not eing loo7ed *arefull 0 t+ere are more *+an*es for t+edevelopment of periodontal diseases in dogs. %en*e0 t+e veterinar dentaltreatments need to e paid ma5imum importan*e during t+e life of ourdogs.

    T+ere are man advan*ed s stems t+at deal )it+ dental treatmentst+at +ave *ome up in t+e mar7et. an s stems are availa le )it+ uilt in)ater spra s stems0 dou le filter s stems0 auto *lava le *lips0 and more.

    an veterinarians use +ig+ speed fi er opti* +and pie*es )it+ pus+utton tur ines0 t)o +and pie*e )ater

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    2,. T)e importance of t)e p)ysical e amination

    T+e importan*e of t+e p+ si*al e5amination need not eunderestimated in *ase of dogs. /imple ut s stemati* p+ si*ale5amination te*+ni ues ma diagnose most of t+e disorders in dogs and+en*e0 )it+out p+ si*al e5amination of t+e dog0 one s+ould not resort to7no)ing t+e status of our dog?s +ealt+.

    /impl o serve t+e dog )it+ s*rat*+ing. "at*+ t+e dog and simplseparate t+e +air material from t+e it*+ing site. To t+e surprise ou ma*ome a*ross a ig )ound in t+e s*rat*+ed site. T+e )ound mig+t e t+emain reason for t+e s*rat*+ing of t+e dog at t+at site. %o)ever0 one +as torule out t+e o**urren*e of )ound severe it*+ing itself.

    an times0 )+en t+e s*rat*+ing dog is e5amined p+ si*all 0 one*an *ome a*ross plent of li*e infestation or ti*7 pro lem in t+e s7in and*oat. T+e parasiti* *ondition mig+t not e diagnosed at all if one +as not*arried out t+e p+ si*al e5amination. /imilarl 0 t+e dog ma reveal t+esigns of pain )+en t+e p+ si*al e5amination is *arried out deeppalpation te*+ni ue. T+e dog s+o) signs of pain )+en t+e dog ise5amined at t+e stoma*+ or t+e a*7 regions.

    :ven if it is possi le t+at pressure ased palpation0 one *andete*t t+e a*ute renal disorders in t+e affe*ted dogs turn to t+e e5amined

    site at t+e region of 7idne or at t+e a*7 region. T+e dog affe*ted t+e" stitis )it+ severe retention of urine is often diagnosed mere p+ si*ale5amination.

    T+e filled ladder toget+er )it+ signs of pain during t+e e5aminationat t+e site of urinar ladder indi*ates t+at t+e animal is affe*ted " stitis. =us*ultation of t+e +eart in ot+ rig+t and left sides +elps to ruleout t+e a normal +eart sounds and t+e pulmonar area ased aus*ultationreveals t+e respirator s stem disorder li7e pneumonia.

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    21. )y are regular c)ec56ups important+

    6+ are regular *+e*78ups important- :ver dog o)ner as7s t+ist pe of uestion0 often. ,f ou failed to do t+e regular *+e*78ups0 t+en t+edog ma end up +aving some ma

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    22. )at )appens during an e amination+

    T+is uestion often loo7s so simple ut +olds more meanings int+at. During t+e e5amination of our dog0 first ou need to prepare t+edog first ps *+ologi*all for a etter8restrained status. 'or t+is0 ou needto ta7e a leas+ and pla*e t+e dog on ta le t+e *areful deliver ofsuita le *ommand.

    6+en t+e dog is tr ing to avoid t+e t+oroug+ e5amination t+eveterinarian0 >les are re uired for some dogs if t+e e+ave in a differentmanner o

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    23. $o( often s)ould my pet be e amined+

    ost of t+e dog o)ners tr to find t+is ans)er in a serious manner.6+atever t+e s*+edule )e +ave for t+e e5amination of our pet animal0 ift+ere is an a normalit noti*ed in our animal0 )it+out dela 0 ou needto su

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    24. $o( to administer medicine

    ost of t+e times0 t+e dogs are so intelligent to find out t+e drugmi5ed )ater or food materials offered to t+em t+e dog o)ners. %en*e0often it e*omes a +eada*+e for t+e dog o)ners to give medi*ines to t+eirdogs. To t+e possi le e5tent0 t+e animal need not e for*ed for ta7ing oft+e drug. ,f t+e medi*ine is to e given mout+0 first de*ide )+et+er it is

    etter to give it along )it+ )ater or food. an times0 t+e medi*ines aremi5ed )it+ food materials and are 7ept in *on*ealed position propermi5ing of t+e medi*ine )it+ t+e food materials.

    Before administering t+e medi*ine0

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    2 . 7ursing a sic5 dog

    9ursing a si*7 dog is one of t+e vital measures t+at a dog o)nerneeds to understand. /imilarl 0 )+en a dog e*omes si*70 t+e dog is inneed of more *are and affe*tion ased a*tivities t+e dog o)ners.9ursing a si*7 animal is often *onsidered as an art and t+is s+ould not eta7en as a *ausal measure.

    Yes. You need to ta7e e5tra *are to t+e dog )+en it e*omes si*7.'or e5ample0 t+e si*7 dog )it+ +ig+ fever needs to e given onl some

    read pie*es and ul7 non8vegetarian items ma e avoided. /u*+ dogss+ould e 7ept in some *alm pla*e after medi*ations are ta7en and s+ouldnot e distur ed. During t+e nursing of t+e dog )+o +as ta7en t+e drug0t+e animal needs *oa5ing and stro7ing t+e o)ner. DonAt raise t+e dogAs

    +ead too mu*+ to avoid t+e passing of drugs given t+e mout+ dire*tlinto t+e respirator organs li7e lungs. During t+e nursing measures0 ta7e*are giving )arm fluids.

    /afet is to e given more priorit during t+e nursing a*tivit in andog. 6+en t+e dog +as severe diarr+ea0 t+e animal ma start s+o)ingsigns of de+ dration. %en*e0 t+e nursing *are for de+ dration in*ludes anaddition of small doses of salt and glu*ose to )ater in a *areful manner./imilarl 0 t+e vomiting dog also needs proper nursing *are. ,*e *u es ma

    e given in su*+ *ases along )it+ egg )+ites to smoot+ t+e esop+ageal

    passage.

    9o)ada s0 a non8*onta*t ased infrared t+ermometer +as *ome upin t+e mar7et to o tain t+e temperature of t+e animal )it+out mu*+stress. Pla*e t+e dog in a s+aded pla*e if t+e temperature is so +ig+ andprovide good ventilation to t+e suffering animal. ,f t+e animal is sufferingfrom + pot+ermia0 provide )arm lan7ets to given *omfort to t+e animal.

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    2". Vaccinations

    Va**inations need to e underta7en al)a s t+e pet o)ners andt+e dogs need to e va**inated at t+e appropriate time. T+is +elps toimprove t+e resistan*e of t+e animal against some spe*ifi* diseases*ausing fre uentl pro lems in dogs. T+e dogs t+at are orp+aned due tot+e deat+ of t+e mot+er +ave lesser prote*tion in t+eir immune s stem./u*+ animals are to e parti*ularl prote*ted against various diseases.

    Va**ination is usuall started at t+e age of five to si5 )ee7s andprior to t+is age0 t+e maternal immunit )ill e +elping t+e animal to +avenatural disease resistan*e. ,t is al)a s etter to de)orm t+e animal

    efore t+e va**ination and t+is is given emp+asis man times. Va**inationagainst t+e parvo virus is done at an earl age e*ause pups are often

    eing affe*ted parvo viral infe*tions. T+e ooster dose for ea*+ va**ineneeds to e given at appropriate time and t+is +elps to uild up t+eimmune status to an appre*ia le manner. Va**ination is *arried out inman *ountries against ra ies disease.

    %en*e0 va**ination against ra ies is given more emp+asis al)a s.:ven ra ies tags are fi5ed on to t+e dog *ollar of most of t+e dogs. @a iesva**ine is given at age of t+irteen to fifteent+ )ee7s of age and isrepeated in fifteent+ mont+s time. %o)ever0 t+is depends on t+e t pe ofva**ine used. En*e in t+ree ears0 t+is is repeated.

    ,n dogs t+at +ave not re*eived *olostrums or dogs at +ig+ ris7areas0 give measles virus va**ine and 7illed parvovirus va**ine efore five)ee7s of age itself. Leptospira serovar va**ine is given at si5 to eig+t)ee7s of age and again at tent+ to t)elft+ )ee7s and at t+irteent+ tosi5teent+ )ee7s.

    T+en annuall repeat t+is. Bordetella and l me disease va**inationsare onl optional ones in *ase of dogs. Va**inations against t+e *anineparainfluen>a0 *anine parvovirus0 and *anine adenovirus t pe8 t)o issimilar to t+e s*+edule maintained )it+ leptospiral serovars.

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    2#. !ommon /uestions about vaccinations

    "ommon uestions a out va**inations are to e understood t+edog o)ners0 as a priorit . Ene of t+e *ommon uestions is )+et+er t+edog needs to e given va**ination on t+e first )ee7 of age or not. T+edogs need not e va**inated )it+in five to si5 )ee7s of age. But0 if t+edid not re*eive va**inations0 t+en t+e va**ination against t+e parvoviralinfe*tions used to 7ill viral va**ines and measles disease ma e given.

    =not+er *ommon uestion is )+et+er dog is to e given ordetelladisease va**ine and l me disease va**ine. 9o0 t+ese va**ines are onloptional. "an t+e parvoviral va**ine *an e used in first )ee7 of life- 9o.T+is )ill interfere )it+ maternal anti od levels.

    "an a pregnant animal e va**inated- Yes. T)o to t+ree )ee7searlier to pregnan* a*tivit t+at is e5pe*ted0 t+e pregnant animal ma eva**inated against viral diseases. T+is +elps to provide maternal anti odiesto t+e oung one to e given irt+. ,s t+ere an need to give ra iesva**ine to dogs- Yes. ,t is a must to go for t+e anti ra ies va**ine fordogs.

    6+en t+is anti8ra ies va**ine is given to t+e dogs0 )+at pre*autiondoes one need to underta7e in t+is regard- @a ies va**ine is given at ageof t+irteen to fifteen )ee7s of age and s+ould to e repeated in fifteen

    mont+s and t+en on*e in t+ree ears. ,t is important t+at t+e dog is givent+is va**ine.

    %o)ever0 t+is depends on t+e ris7 area. ,s t+ere an need for *aninedistemper va**ination in *ase of dogs- Yes. T+ere is a spe*ifi* re uirementin t+e *ase of dogs for t+e va**ination against t+e *anine distemper. T+isdisease is more prevalent in most of t+e *ountries.

    ,s t+ere an va**ination against leptospirosis and at )+at age0 t+edog is to e va**inated- T+is is to e given at age of at si5 to eig+t)ee7s of age0 again at tent+ to t)elft+ )ee7s0 and again at t+irteent+ tosi5teent+ )ee7s of age.

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    2%. -paying and neutering

    /pa ing and neutering of dogs are +ig+l )anted if ou donAt )antto reed t+e dogs and +o)ever0 t+ese a*tivities need to e *arried out

    ualified veterinarians spe*iali>ed in pet *are and management. =nest+esiais re uired along )it+ due surgi*al pro*edures for *arr ing out t+e spa ingand neutering.

    Ene +as to understand first t+e terms li7e spa ing or neutering.Bot+ are related to t+e surgi*al approa*+es of sterili>ation in *ase offemales and males respe*tivel . %o)ever0 t+e term neutering is alsorelated to su*+ pro*edures in ot+ se5es. =**idental pregnan*ies t+at arenot )anted *an e +ig+l minimi>ed t+ese pro*edures.

    /pa ing and neutering +elps to prevent o**urren*e of p ometra0)+i*+ is a *ommon reprodu*tive disorder8giving pro lem to t+e dogo)ners. ,n male dogs0 t+e neutering +elps to prevent t+e o**urren*e ofprostate enlargement or *an*er. %en*e0 t+ese +elp to minimi>e t+ein*iden*es of reprodu*tive disorders in dogs.

    B t+ese spa ing and neutering0 t+e male dogAs desire in sear*+ offemale dog in +eat is +ig+l minimi>ed and +en*e0 )andering of male dogis redu*ed. T+e animal e*omes *alm also t+ese surgi*al remedies.Territorial e+avior of t+ese animals is also +ig+l minimi>ed t+ese in

    *ase of male dogs.

    /pa ing of our dog efore t+e o**urren*e of first +eat is t+e estone to avoid t+e in*iden*e of reast *an*er. ,f t+e dog is spa ed after t+efirst +eat0 t+e *+an*es of o**urren*e of reast *an*er in t+em is more and+as een proved resear*+. Younger group of dogs need to e su

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    2'. -paying of t)e &emale dog

    /pa ing of t+e female dog is underta7en to *ontrol t+e un)antedpregnan* *rossing of some un7no)n or *ountr or non8des*ript dogs.T+e spa ing of t+e dog redu*es t+e aggressiveness of t+e dog. B spa ing0one *an redu*e t+e in*iden*es of t+e *ommonl en*ountered reprodu*tivediseases li7e p ometra.

    /pa ing also +elps to *ontrol t+e population in *ase of stra animalsand man nations are doing t+ese operations removing t+e ovariesfrom t+e female animals. :5perien*ed veterinarians are re uired to do t+espa ing in *ase of female dogs and t+e postoperative *are is to e givenmore emp+asis. ,f proper *ontrol measures are not ta7en after t+esurgi*al operation for t+e removal of ovar 0 t+en t+e infe*tions ma start

    setting in and t+e animal ma end up in development of peritonitis andt+en to5emia sets in0 *ausing un)anted +ealt+ pro lems.

    Deat+ of t+e dog ma finall o**ur0 if t+e dog is not provided aneffe*tive and proper veterinar *are. = female dog t+at is spa ed eforet+e o**urren*e of first +eat )ill +ave almost a >ero *+an*e of developmentof mammar *an*er0 )+i*+ is more *ommon )it+ t+e dogs t+at are notspa ed.

    = female dog generall *omes to +eat on*e in eig+t mont+s or so.

    During t+e +eat o**urren*e0 t+ere is leeding from vagina and t+e dogma *ross )it+ t+e un)anted male and t+e spa ing a*tivit prevents allt+ese. ,n *ase of aged dogs0 t+e dog ma often get signs of in*reasedt+irst0 anore5ia0 vomiting et*. t+at are so *ommon )it+ p ometra.

    P ometra means t+e presen*e of pus in t+e uterus. En*e p ometrao**urs0 it involves man dis*omforts to t+e animal in addition to t+e *ostfa*tor involved for t+e t+erap also. /u*+ p ometra is totall prevented spa ing e*ause in t+e *ase of spa ing0 ou are removing ot+ ovariesand t+e uterus.

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    3,. -urgical neutering of t)e male dog

    /urgi*al neutering of t+e male dog is important in +elping t+e dogo)ners to *ontrol t+e male dogAs aggressive e+avior. Yes. B doing t+esurgi*al neutering0 it e*omes possi le to *ontrol t+e dogAs restlessness0)+i*+ mig+t +ave *aused so mu*+ agon for t+e o)ner and +en*e0neutering *orre*ts su*+ a*tivit to t+e enefit of t+e dog o)ner.6+en t+e dog is in pupp stage0 t+e dog ma e su ed insu*+ male dogs.

    T+e surgi*al neutering of t+e male dog +elps to prevent t+ein*iden*es of prostate gland diseases. Generall 0 in *ase of male dogs0 t+eprostate enlargement is more *ommon. ,n *anine patients undergone t+e

    surgi*al neutering0 t+e in*iden*es of su*+ prostate enlargement are totallminimi>ed.

    /ometimes0 t+e adult male dog +as more diffi*ulties duringdefe*ation. %o)ever0 one +as to rule out t+e feed orne *onstipation li7ela*7 of fi ers et*. efore resorting to t+e fi5ation of prostate enlargementas a *ause for t+is. "onstipation is mainl due to t+e in*reased si>e of t+eprostate gland. 9eutering ma7es s+rin7age of t+e prostate gland. ,nsurgi*al neutering0 t+e in*ision is pla*ed in front of t+e s*rotum and t+etesti*les are removed in a surgi*al manner using asepti* te*+ni ues.

    T+e )ound need not e *losed e5*ept t+e t ing up of t+e *ord after*utting of t+e testi*le. %o)ever0 in t)o to t+ree da s time0 as a routinetissue rea*tion0 some s)elling ma o**ur in t+e s*rotum. %o)ever0 on*e

    ou administer t+e anti ioti* t+at +as a roader spe*trum of a*tivities0 t+e*ondition gets re*overed in a satisfa*tor *ondition. /epti* s+o*7 mao**ur if t+e surgi*al site gets infe*ted )it+ some mi*ro ial infe*tions and int+ese *ases0 t+e )ound needs a t+oroug+ dressing pro*edure and t+epatient needs to e *ontinuousl monitored in a *lini*al environment.

    Ta7e note t+at lo*al animal organi>ations perform t+e surgi*alneutering )+en t+e stra male dogs are *aptured t+em.

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    31. et )ealt) insurance

    Pet +ealt+ insuran*e is +ig+l re uired no)ada s e*ause of t+ees*alating *ost fa*tors pertaining to t+e +ealt+ maintenan*e in dogs andot+er animals. Dog o)ners need to find pet insuran*e firms t+at settledues to t+e pet o)ners )it+out mu*+ dela and in a more appropriatemanner. Pet +ealt+ insuran*e firms re*entl *ome for)ard to settle t+edues in a proper manner after t+e due verifi*ation of t+e *laim. ,fan t+ing +appens0 dog *are *osts *an add up )it+out insuran*e.

    %en*e0 7no) t+e approved list of our lo*al animal *are +ospitals.:ven +ave t+e list of veterinar e5perts )+o are spe*iali>ed in dogAs +ealt+*are and disease management measures. an firms *over up t+e *ostmade to)ards underta7ing of surgeries0 radiograp+i* e5aminations0

    treatment of spe*ifi* *onditions0 la orator fees to)ards underta7ing ofvarious la orator e5aminations0 and more. T+ere is a )eig+ting periodefore t+e approval of our poli* most of t+e insuran*e firms after t+e

    enrolling from ou so it?s good to start earl .

    ,f ou donAt li7e t+e insuran*e firm0 at an time0 ou *an *an*el t+einsuran*e poli* . = li*ensed veterinarian list s+ould e availa le )it+ allinsuran*e firms. an pa ment options are availa le for t+e pet o)ners.

    ,t is etter to enroll t+e dogs or ot+er pets efore t+e e*ome

    adults. T+e animals )+en t+e are oung need to e enrolled as a priorit .,t is al)a s etter to t+e *onsumers )+o are t+e dog o)ners. Before t+edogs +ave an illness0 a**idents0 or get into t+e pre8e5isting *onditions as

    uoted man pet +ealt+ insuran*e firms0 insuran*e *overage needs toe entered t+e dog o)ners. T+e medi*al +istor of our dog )ill e

    su

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    32. !lipping a dog

    an dog o)ners generall t+in7 of *lipping as onl a me*+ani*ala*tivit . 'e) understand t+at *lipping a dog is an art. "lipping a *oat ornail needs to e *arried out in a *areful manner to avoid t+e in

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    33. &irst steps in grooming

    Grooming is one of t+e important a*tivities to e 7no)n )ell t+edog o)ner. ,f t+e dog o)ner is not a)are of t+e grooming0 t+en t+e dogma en*ounter man t pes of diseases. 'irst steps of grooming *onsists of a*tivities li7e maintenan*e of *oat0 nails and ears. T+e maintenan*e of t+e*oat mainl *onsists of enri*+ment measures li7e proper at+ing0 *om ing0dr ing of s7in dr ers0 and more. T+e animal need not e at+ed dailand t+is +elps to prote*t t+e s7inAs *+ara*teristi*s li7e insulation feature.

    Use *onditioners and s+ampoos t+at are meant for dogs. "om ingneeds to e *arried out )it+ a soft rus+ meant for use in *ase of dogs.T+ere are varieties of rus+es availa le and depending on t+e t pe of

    reeds0 one *an use t+e *on*erned rus+. T+is grooming of t+e *oat a

    *om needs to e *arried out dail and t+e fallen +air if an needs to epla*ed in dust in al)a s.

    Et+er)ise0 )+en t+e dog o)ners s)it*+ on t+e fan0 t+e +air )ill fland ma enter t+e nostrils of persons. =l)a s donAt *lip too mu*+ e*auset+is ma lead to in

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    34. Bat)ing a dog

    Bat+ing a dog needs to e given more emp+asis. T+is is e*ause oft+e fa*t t+at if ou are *areless in at+ing0 t+e animal ma end up +avingsome infe*tions. 'or e5ample0 if ou donAt *lose t+e ears )it+ large *otton

    all0 t+e )ater ma enter into ear *anals and ma *ause some earinfe*tions )it+ signs li7e *onstant dis*+arge from t+e ears and s+a7ing of+ead.

    're uen* of at+ing a*tuall depends on t+e reed of t+e dog. ,ft+e dog is of a +air t pe li7e t+e *o*7er spaniel0 t+en t+e at+ing is to e*arried out on*e in si5 to eig+t )ee7s. ,f t+ese reeds are at+ed toofre uentl 0 t+en t+e s7in and *oat loose t+e prote*tive *+ara*ters.%o)ever0 )+en t+e dog +as defe*ated on t+e s7in due to t+e fre uent

    digestive upsets leading to diarr+ea0 to avoid t+e ad smell0 t+e dog mae su

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    3 . et *dentification

    Pet identifi*ation is +ig+l re uired in t+ese da s e*ause of t+eneed for t+e li*ensing of t+e dog in a proper manner and to redu*e t+enum ers of t+e stra dog mena*e in streets. Pet identifi*ation is done man met+ods0 )+i*+ are different from ea*+ ot+er. T+e *ost fa*tor fort+at also +as variations a**ordingl .

    T+e identifi*ation of our pet ma e done personali>ed tags0some times t+e muni*ipal li*ense tag0 ra ies tag0 and more. ost of t+etime0 our telep+one num er and our name )ill e on a pla*e in t+epersonali>ed tags of t+e dogs. ,f an od en*ounters t+e doga**identall during t+e event of missing of t+e dog )ill e*ome *apa le ofreporting t+e fa*ts to t+e *on*erned offi*ials.

    Plasti* and metal pet identifi*ation tags are availa le in multiple*olors and t+e dog o)ners *an *+oose t+e *olor t+e )ant. %o)ever0man sele*t t+e refle*tive t pe of dog tags along )it+ t+e *ollars. %en*e0t+e dogs *an e identified even in dar7ness to a greater e5tent.

    9o)ada s0 man ele*troni* gadgets are availa le li7e mi*ro*+ips)+i*+ are em edded into t+e dog. %o)ever0 t+ese 7inds of ele*troni**+ips need to e implanted e+ind t+e ears and on*e implanted0 t+is )illreveal all t+e data em edded in t+is in t+e *omputer. = *ollard and tagged

    animal ma7es an indi*ation t+at it is not a stra animal and t+is gives morese*urit to t+e dog.

    Traditional forms of identifi*ation of t+e animal li7e tattooing is no)a da not *arried in dogs. T+us tra*ing t+e missed animal )ill e*omeeasier for t+e pet o)ners mainl due to t+e identifi*ation8 ased dog*ollars.