• DOI update on progress Norman Paskin

• DOIs and journal publishing Ed Pentz, CrossRef

• DOIs and book publishing David Sidman, CDI

• [DOIs and non-English language publishing] see Enpia Systems stand 1.1 L 1105

• DOIs and learning objects John Purcell, LON

• DOIs and rights management Norman Paskin

• Summary, Q&A

DOI implementations doi>

Rights management through Digital Objects

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Norman Paskin The International DOI Foundation

• Last year we were investigating "DOI-R"• Sub rights activity: ONIX• DOIs can be used for more than just sub-rights• The original aim of DOI: rights management

• "Digital objects provide a means of organizing and identifying content for purposes of storage, access or distribution… …metadata may include restrictions on access to digital objects, notices of ownership, and licensing agreements…"(www.xiwt.org/documents/ManagAccess.html)

Applying DOI to Rights Management doi>

Rights management through Digital Objects

Trading intellectual property (rights management) requires representations– Just like trading physical property – Structured representations: digital objects

Structured representations for Rights transactions need consistent interoperable pieces of "metadata"

Using representations in rights transactions needs a consistent dictionary of defined terms and their relationships – Now being built (indecs 2)

Representations are what is traded

• Physical property: – representations e.g. deeds, mortgages, are

traded (not the physical bricks etc.)

• Intellectual property: – representations e.g. licences, files, are traded

(not the abstract Work etc.)

See: De Soto: The Mystery Of Capital (book) Kahn: "Representing Value as Digital Objects" D-Lib magazine, May 01 (www.dlib.org/dlib/may01)

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Representations must be structured

• Representation = not just an inventory but a structured entity, such as a deed

• "to facilitate the comparison and combination of assets (standard descriptions)"

• "crafted so as to facilitate the easy measurement of an asset's attributes"

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Rights management: trading intellectual property

• "Digital Rights Management" simply means that these representations are digital – DRM = digital management of rights = digital

management of physical, digital, abstract entities • but structured

– "to facilitate the comparison and combination of assets (standard descriptions)"

– "crafted so as to facilitate the easy measurement of an asset's attributes"

• i.e. "information objects" or "digital objects" • Having identity, structure, metadata:• Some structured accessible data of the asset's

attributes

Trading intellectual property

Trading intellectual property (rights management) requires representations

•We need to have representations, providing structured data about the assets: digital objects

•What does this structured data need to be?

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Pieces of "rights metadata" used in each semantic structure

Describing rights using data

Primary rights events (claims, deals) are described using pieces of data:

Rights Statement (“claim”) [party] owns [right] in [creation] in [time] and [place]

Rights Agreement (“deal”) [party] agreed with [party] in [time] and [place] that [event]

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Describing rights using data

Rights Statement (“claim”) [party] owns [right] in [creation] in [time] and [place]

Rights Agreement (“deal”) [party] agreed with [party] in [time] and [place] that [event]

Primary rights events (claims, deals) are described using pieces of data:

Creations typically have standard identifiers, which may have associated structured data, or which may act as keys to get this data

Other pieces of data also need standard identifiers (time, party..)

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What is "rights metadata"?

A mix of data from many sources:

1 Rights “events” Statements, agreements, transfers, permissions, prohibitions, requirements, assertions, approvals

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A mix of data from many sources:

1 Rights “events”

2 Descriptive metadata

Creations,Creation types, contributor roles, user roles, tools, classifications, measures

What is rights metadata? doi>

Rights,persons,intellectual property

What is rights metadata?

A mix of data from many sources:

1 Rights “events”

2 Descriptive metadata

3 Legal terms

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A mix of data from many sources:

1 Rights “events”

2 Descriptive metadata

3 Legal metadata

4 Financial metadata

Terms,conventions

What is rights metadata?

These sets of “rights metadata" are standardized and maintained in different places.

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This mix of data from many sources is used in many different places by different people in chains of rights events:

Distributed rights management

agreement

agreement

transfertransferstatementstatement agreementagreement

permissionpermissionprohibition prohibition

permissionpermissionassertionassertion agreementagreement

requirement

requirement

etc

[party] can [verb] [amount] to [creation] at [time] in [place].

Each entity can be expanded to reveal more data

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agreement

agreement

transfertransferstatementstatement agreementagreement

permissionpermissionprohibition prohibition

permissionpermissionassertionassertion agreementagreement

requirement

requirement

etc

Each of these is an information object which may need to link to or use information objects in other databases.

The information used by each must therefore be standardised/interoperable

Distributed rights management doi>

Is there a way of getting to this "interoperation of data from many

sources"?

Yes: work already done which shows how

Using representations doi>

• Interoperability of Data in E-Commerce Systems

• Multiple partner work 1998-2000 (EC, standards bodies, commerce, and non-commercial) - a broad cross-section of international bodies representing all aspects of the content industries' value chain from creators to users.

• Produced principles for structured metadata and basis for a data dictionary for interoperability

• Used by DOI, ONIX, Muze, etc

• Applicable to other structured approaches e.g. SMPTE (and creates means of interoperability with them)

• Now being extended to rights transactions

indecs (www.indecs.org) doi>

• Initial proposal by International DOI Foundation (IDF) and EDItEUR.

• Feasibility study funded by IDF, spring-summer 2001. Project managed by RightsCom Ltd.

• An example of how IDF is "thinking smarter"

• A consortium from technology, rights owners and rights managers.

• Status: Consortium finalized. See press release. Project under way with delivery in December.

indecs2 structure doi>

• Accenture www.accenture.com

• ContentGuard www.contentguard.com

• Dentsu (Melodies and Memories Group) www.dentsu.com

• EDItEUR www.editeur.org

• Enpia Systems www.enpia.co.kr

• International DOI Foundation www.doi.org

• Motion Picture Association www.mpaa.org

• Recording Industry Association of America + International Federation of Phonographic Industries www.riaa.com + www.ifpi.org

indecs2 consortium partners doi>

To produce a Rights Data Dictionary as a candidate for the common “semantic layer”

standard for digital rights management.

• Using ISO/MPEG process

• DOI data dictionary will be used as input

• DOI developments will use output

• Significantly extends DOI outreach, and possibly scope

indecs 2 objective doi>

• Not starting from zero: will use existing indecs work, DOI descriptive work, DOI data dictionary etc. (will provide some central elements of the dictionary, e.g. contributor, creation and derivation types) and add to these.

• Will deliver:

• A database containing a dictionary of defined terms and their semantic relationships

• A “proof of concept” demonstrator.

• Input to MPEG21 and other standards forums

indecs 2 work doi>

Vocabulary layer

Rights metadata Data Dictionary

Provide a base semantic layer to build on

Expression layer

Rights Expression Language

Use

Technology Platform

Enforcement of rights & permissions

DRM

Application layer

Machine-capable interpretation of rights: XRML etc

Rendering, environment etc.

Rights management through Digital Objects

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Norman Paskin The International DOI Foundationn.paskin@doi.org www.doi.org