1 DREPT CIVIL

Lector univ. drd. Valer-9DVLOLH%LF

Titlul I 7HRULDJHQHUDO

Capitolul I

1R LXQLLQWURGXFWLYH

1. Dreptul civil n sistemul dreptului romnesc Dreptul romnesc, privit ca totalitate a normelor juridice adoptate de stat n VFRSXO UHJOHPHQWULL UHOD LLORU LQWHUXPDQH GLQ VRFLHWDWH DUH GUHSW FRPSRQHQWH GUHSWXOLQWHUQD LRQDOLGUHSWXOLQWHUQQFDGUXOGUHSWXOXLLQWHUQGLVWLQJHPvQWUHGUHSWXOSXEOLFLFHOprivat. n cadrul drepWXOXLSULYDWVHDIOFDUDPXUGHGUHSWLGUHSWXOFLYLODOWXULGHGUHSWXOFRPHUFLDOGUHSWXOIDPLOLHLLGUHSWXOPXQFLL

2. DHILQL LDLRELHFWXOGUHSWXOXLFLYLO HILQL LD Dreptul civil este DFHD UDPXU D GUHSWXOXL SULYDW FDUH UHJOHPHQWHD] UDSRUWXULOHSDWULPRQLDOHLQHSDWULPRQLDOHVWDELOLWHvQWUHSHUVRDQHOHIL]LFHLSHUVRDQHOHMXULGLFHVLWXDWHSHSR]L LHGHHJDOLWDWHMXULGLF 2.2 Obiectul dreptului civil &RQVW vQFDWHJRULLOHGH UDSRUWXUL VRFLDOHDIODWH vQ VIHUDGH UHJOHPHQWDUHDGUHSWXOXLFLYLOUDSRUWXULSDWULPRQLDOHLUDSRUWXULQHSDWULPRQLDOH 2.2.1. Raporturile patrimoniale Sunt aFHOHUDSRUWXULVRFLDOHFDUHDXXQFRQ LQXWHFRQRPLFGUHSWXOFLYLOUHJOHPHQWkQGUDSRUWXULOHUHDOHLUDSRUWXULOHREOLJD LRQDOH A. Raporturile reale $XvQFRQ LQXWXOORUGUHSWuri reale, care se compun din dreptul de proprietate - nscris FD DWDUH vQ &RQVWLWX LD 5RPkQLHL - L GLQ celelalte drepturi reale principale, care sunt GH]PHPEUPLQWHOHGUHSWXOXLGHSURSULHWDWHLGUHSWXULOHUHDOHDFFHVRULL

B. 5DSRUWXULOHREOLJD LRQDOH Au vQ FRQ LQXWXO ORU GUHSWXO GH FUHDQ - GUHSW VXELHFWLY vQ YLUWXWHD FUXLD VXELHFWXODFWLY FUHGLWRU SRDWH FHUH VXELHFWXOXL SDVLY GHELWRU V GHD V IDF V QX IDF FHYD - LQGLIHUHQWGDFGUHSWXOvLDUHRULJLQHDvQWU-un act sau ntr-un fapt juridic. 2.2.2. Raporturile nepatrimoniale 6XQW DFHOH UDSRUWXUL VRFLDOH FDUH QX DX FRQ LQXW HFRQRPLF (OHFXSULQGUDSRUWXULFDUHSULYHVFH[LVWHQ DLLQWHJULWDWHDVXELHFWHORUGHGUHSWFLYLOUDSRUWXULGHLGHQWLILFDUHSUHFXPLUDSRUWXULL]YRUkWHGLQFUHD LDLQWHOHFWXDO

3. Delimitarea dreptului civil de alte ramuri de drept RFWULQDLMXULVSUXGHQ DDXVWDELOLWFGUHSWXOFLYLOFDUDPXUGHGUHSWDUHSR]L LDGHdrept comun. DelimitareDVDGHDOWHUDPXULGHGUHSWHVWHFHUXWGHFRQVLGHUHQWHSUDFWLFHLteoretice 3.1. Criterii de delimitare

2 HOLPLWDUHD GUHSWXOXL FLYLO ID GH FHOHODOWH UDPXUL GH GUHSW VH IDFH IRORVLQG

XUPWRDUHOH FULWHULL RELHFW GH UHJOHPHQWDUHPHWRGDGH UHJOHPHQWDre; calitatea subiectelor; FDUDFWHUXOQRUPHORUQDWXUDVDQF LXQLORUSULQFLSLLOHGHUDPXU

5DPXULOHGHGUHSWGHFDUHVHGHOLPLWHD]GUHSWXOFLYLO $UHSWXOFRQVWLWX LRQDO B. Dreptul administrativ C. Dreptul financiar D. Dreptul comercial E. Dreptul familiei F. Dreptul muncii G. Dreptul procesual civil +UHSWXOLQWHUQD LRQDOSULYDW

6SUH H[HPSOX GUHSWXO FRQVWLWX LRQDO FD UDPXU D GUHSWXOXL SXEOLF FDUHUHJOHPHQWHD] SULQ QRUPH MXULGLFH IXQGDPHQWDOH UHOD LLOH VRFLDOH GLQ GRPHQLXO H[LVWHQ HL RUJDQL]ULL L IXQF LRQULL VWDWXOXL L D SXWHULORU VDOH VH GHRVHEHWH GH GUHSWXO FLYLO SULQ RELHFWXO GH UHJOHPHQWDUH DOFWXLW vQ PDMRULWDWH GLQ UDSRUWXUL QHSDWULPRQLDOH SR]L LD GHVXERUGRQDUH D VXELHFWHORU VDOH FDUDFWHUXO LPSHUDWLY DO PDMRULW LL normelor sale, calitatea VSHFLDOFHUXWVXELHFWHORUVDOHRUJDQHOHGHVWDWFHW HQLLURPkQLHWF

Capitolul II

Izvoarele dreptului civil

1. 1R LXQHDGHL]YRUDOGUHSWXOXLFLYLO n sens material, prin izvor al dreptului civil se desHPQH]FRQGL LLOHFRQFUHWHGHH[LVWHQ DOHVRFLHW LLFDUHVWDXODED]DQRUPHORUFLYLOH

n sens formal,SULQDFHDVWH[SUHVLHVHvQ HOHJIRUPHOHVSHFLDOHGHH[SULPDUHDQRUPHORUGHGUHSWSULQFDUHVHFRQVDFUYRLQ DVWDWDO

n sistemul de drept romnHVF SULQFLSDOD IRUP GH H[SULPDUH DGUHSWXOXL Rconstituie actele normative, acte emise sau adoptate de organe de stat anume investite cu SUHURJDWLYDOHJLIHUULL

2. Principalele izvoare ale dreptului civil 2.1. Legea Legea este actul normativ adoptat de Parlament, unica autoritate legiuitoare a ULL &RQVWLWX LDVWDELOHWHWUHLFDWHJRULLGHOHJLOHJLFRQVWLWX LRQDOHOHJLRUJDQLFHLlegi ordinare. &RQVWLWX LD &RGXO &LYLO L DOWH OHJL RUJDQLFH L RUGLQDUH VXQW L]YRDUH GHdrept civil din categoria legilor:

&RQVWLWX LD 2.1.2. Codul civil 2.1.3. Alte legi

2.2. Decrete - legi Decretele - legi sunt acte normative adoptate n perioada 22 decembrie 1989 -

PDL FRQVWLWXLH L]YRDUH GH GUHSW FLYLO vQ PVXUD vQ FDUH FRQ LQ QRUPH UHIHULWRDUH ODobiectul de reglementare al acestei ramuri de drept.

2.3. Decretele Acte normative cu putere de lege emise n regimul de dinainte de 22

decembrie 1989 de fostul Consiliu de Stat al R.S. Romnia, aflate n vigoare (Decretul nr. SULYLWRU OD SHUVRDQHOH IL]LFH L MXULGLFH HFUHWXO QU SULYLQG SUHVFULS LDH[WLQFWLYHWF

3 2.4.+RWUkULOHLRUGRQDQ HOH*XYHUQXOXL5RPkQLHL

HotUkULOH *XYHUQXOXL VXQW DFWH QRUPDWLYH HPLVH vQ ED]D L vQ H[HFXWDUHDOHJLORU2UGRQDQ HOHVXQWDFWHQRUPDWLYHDGRSWDWHGH*XYHUQvQWHPHLXOXQHLOHJLVSHFLDOHGHDELOLWDUHvQOLPLWHOHLFRQGL LLOHSUHY]XWHGHDFHDVWD

2.5. Actele normative emise de minLWULLGHDO LFRQGXFWRULDLRUJDQHORUGHVSHFLDOLWDWHDOHDGPLQLVWUD LHLSXEOLFHFHQWUDOH

Aceste acte, indiferent de denumire -RUGLQHLQVWUXF LXQLUHJXODPHQWHVWDWXWHcontracte-cadru, contracte tip, standarde sau norme - sunt izvoare de drept FLYLO GDFUHJOHPHQWHD]UDSRUWXULMXULGLFHFLYLOH

2.6.$FWHQRUPDWLYHHPLVHGHDXWRULW LOHDGPLQLVWUD LHLSXEOLFHORFDOH Q H[HUFLWDUHD DWULEX LLORU ORU &RQVLOLLOH ORFDOH L MXGH HQH DGRSW KRWUkUL,

primarii emit GLVSR]L LLLDUSUHIHF LLordine. 2.7.5HJOHPHQWULOHLQWHUQD LRQDOH

7UDWDWHOHFRQYHQ LLOHSDFWHOHLDFRUGXULOHLQWHUQD LRQDOHODFDUH5RPkQLDHVWHparte prin aderare, aprobare sau ratificare, -VXQWL]YRDUHDOHGUHSWXOXLFLYLOvQPVXUDvQFDUHUHJOHPHQWHD]UDSRUWXULGLQVIHUDVD

3. ObLFHLXOPRUDODSUHFHGHQWXOMXGLFLDULGRFWULQD 3.1. Obiceiul (cutuma) 3.2. Morala (bunele moravuri) 3.3. Precedentul judiciar 3.4. Doctrina

2ELFHLXOSUHFHGHQWXOMXGLFLDULGRFWULQDQXVXQWL]YRDUHDOHGUHSWXOXLFLYLOvQtimp ce morala constituie izvRUSULQLRGDWFXDFWXOQRUPDWLYFDUHIDFHUHIHULUHODHD

4. Aplicarea legii civile /HJHDFLYLOvLSURGXFHHIHFWHOHvQWU-RDQXPHSHULRDGGHWLPSSHXQDQXPLWWHULWRULX

LDVXSUDXQRUVXELHFWHGHWHUPLQDWH 4.1. Aplicarea legii civile n timp Este crmXLWGHGRXSULQFLSLLDOHGUHSWXOXLFLYLOSULQFLSLXOQHUHWURDFWLYLW LL

legii noiDGLFROHJHFLYLOVHDSOLFQXPDLFD]XULORUFHDSDUvQSUDFWLFGXSDGRSWDUHDHLLSULQFLSLXODSOLFULLLPHGLDWHDOHJLLFLYLOHQRL (din momentul n care a fost adopWDWOHJHDQRXVHDSOLFWXWXURUFD]XULORUFHDSDUvQSUDFWLFGXSLQWUDUHDVDvQYLJRDUH

$SOLFDUHDOHJLLFLYLOHvQVSD LX n plan intern,DSOLFDUHDOHJLLFLYLOHvQVSD LXVHIDFHGXSXUPWRDUHDUHJXOactele adoptate de organeleFHQWUDOHDOHSXWHULLGHVWDWVHDSOLFSHWRWWHULWRULXO5RPkQLHLvQWLPS FH DFWHOH QRUPDWLYH HPLVH GH RUJDQHOH ORFDOH DOH SXWHULL GH VWDW VH DSOLF SH UD]DWHULWRULDOGHFRPSHWHQ n plan LQWHUQD LRQDO DSOLFDUHD OHJLL FLYLOH vQ VSD LX HVWH UH]ROYDW de dreptul LQWHUQD LRQDOSULYDWSULQQRUPHOHVDOHFRQIOLFWXDOH

4.3. Aplicarea legii civile asupra persoanelor ([LVW OHJL FLYLOH GH DSOLFDUH JHQHUDO OHJL FLYLOH FDUH VH DSOLF QXPDLSHUVRDQHORUIL]LFHLOHJLFLYLOHFDUHVHDSOLFQXPDLSHUVRDQHORUjuridice.

5. Interpretarea legii civile (VWH DFHD RSHUD LXQH ORJLFR-UD LRQDO GH OPXULUH D FRQ LQXWXOXL L VHQVXOXL

QRUPHORUGHGUHSWFLYLOvQVFRSXOMXVWHLORUDSOLFUL 5.1.&ODVLILFDUHDLQWHUSUHWULLOHJLLFLYLOH &ODVLILFDUHD LQWHUSUHWULL OHJLL FLYLOH VH IDFH GXS IRU D REOLJDWRULH VDX

QHREOLJDWRULHDLQWHUSUHWULLGXSUH]XOWDWXOLQWHUSUHWULLLGXSPHWRGDGHLQWHUSUHWDUH &ODVLILFDUHD GXS IRU D REOLJDWRULH VDX QHREOLJDWRULH DLQWHUSUHWULL

D,QWHUSUHWDUHDRILFLDO b. ,QWHUSUHWDUHDQHRILFLDO

4 5.1.2. CODVLILFDUHDGXSUH]XOWDWXOLQWHUSUHWULL

D,QWHUSUHWDUHDOLWHUDOGHFODUDWLY b. ,QWHUSUHWDUHDH[WHQVLY c. ,QWHUSUHWDUHDUHVWULFWLY

5.1.3. &ODVLILFDUHDGXSPHWRGDGHLQWHUSUHWDUH D,QWHUSUHWDUHDJUDPDWLFDO b. ,QWHUSUHWDUHDVLVWHPDWLF c. Interpretarea istorico-teleoORJLF d. ,QWHUSUHWDUHDORJLF

Capitolul III

Raportul juridic civil

1. 1R LXQHDGHUDSRUWMXULGLFFLYLO &DUDFWHUH6WUXFWXU

1R LXQHDGHUDSRUWMXULGLFFLYLO 5DSRUWXO MXULGLF FLYLO HVWH R UHOD LH SDWULPRQLDO VDX QHSDWULPRQLDOUHJOHPHQWDWGHQRUPDGHGUHSWFLYLO

1.2. Caracterele raportului juridic civil Caracterele raportului juridic civil sunt : caracterul social, caracterul dublu

YROL LRQDOLHJDOLWDWHDMXULGLFDSU LORU 1.3. Structura raportului juridic civil 6WUXFWXUDUDSRUWXOXLMXULGLFVHUHIHUODWUHLHOHPHQWHVXELHFWHSU LFRQ LQXW

LRELHFW 1.3.1. Subiectele raportului juridic civil

6XELHFWHOH SU LOH UDSRUWXOXL MXULGLF GH GUHSW FLYLO SDUWLFLS OD DFHVWD ILH vQFDOLWDWHGHSHUVRDQIL]LFILHvQFDOLWDWHGHSHUVRDQMXULGLFWLWXODUHGHGUHSWXULLREOLJD LL6XELHFWXOUDSRUWXOXLMXULGLFFLYLOFDUHGREkQGHWHGUHSWXULHVWHVXELHFWDFWLYFHOFDUHVHREOLJeste subiect pasiv. A. Pluralitatea subiectelor &D UHJXO XQ UDSRUW MXULGLF VH VWDELOHWH vQWUH XQ VLQJXU VXELHFW DFWLY L XQsingur subiect pasiv. Intr-RPXOWLWXGLQHGHDOWHVLWXD LLDFHVWHUDSRUWXULVHSRWUHDOL]DvQWUHPDLmulte persoane fie ca subiecte actiYHILHFDVXELHFWHSDVLYHILHvQDPEHOHFDOLW L Aceste cazuri le numim pluralitate de subiecte.

B. Determinarea (individualizarea) su-biectelor Q UDSRUWXULOH REOLJD LRQDOH VXELHFWHOH VXQW GHWHUPLQDWH LQGLYLGXDOL]DWH GLQ

momentul nchHLHULLDFWXOXLMXULGLFVDXFRQVXPULLIDSWXOXLFDUHVWODED]DDFHVWRUUDSRUWXUL([LVW vQV FD]XUL vQFDUH VXELHFWXOSDVLY VDXFHODFWLYQXVXQWGHWHUPLQDWH ODGDWDVWDELOLULLraportului juridic (n raporturile juridice de proprietate, persoanele care aX REOLJD LD GH Drespecta drepturile proprietarului sunt nedeterminate).

C. Schimbarea subiectelor Schimbarea subiectelor ntre care s-DX QVFXW HVWH SRVLELO vQ FDGUXO

UDSRUWXULORU MXULGLFH FLYLOH SDWULPRQLDOH FHVLXQHD GH FUHDQ VXEURJD LD SHUVRQDO QRYD LDetc.

D. Capacitatea subiectelor &DSDFLWDWHD GH GUHSW FLYLO D VXELHFWHORU VH H[SULP SULQ FDSDFLWDWHD FLYLO DDFHVWRUDFDSDFLWDWHFRPSXVGLQFDSDFLWDWHDGHIRORVLQ -DSWLWXGLQHDJHQHUDOLDEVWUDFWDRPXOXLGHDDYHDGUHSWXULLREOLJD LLFLYLOHFDSDFLWDWHDGHH[HUFL LX-DSWLWXGLQHDJHQHUDODpersoanei (fizice sau juridice) a a-LH[HUFLWDGUHSWXULOHFLYLOHLD-LvQGHSOLQLREOLJD LLOHFLYLOHprin ncheierea de acte juridice civile.

5 1.3.2. &RQ LQXWXOUDSRUWXOXLMXULGLFFLYLO

l constituie GUHSWXULOH VXELHFWLYH FLYLOH DOH VXELHFWXOXL DFWLY L REOLJD LLOHcivile ale subiectului pasiv.

A. Dreptul subiectiv civil UHSWXO VXELHFWLY FLYLO HVWH SRVLELOLWDWHD UHFXQRVFXW GH OHJHD FLYLOsubiectului activ -SHUVRDQIL]LFVDXSHUVRDQMXULGLFvQYLUWXWHDFUHLDDFHDVWDSRDWHvQOLPLWHOH GUHSWXOXL L PRUDOHL V DLE R DQXPLW FRQGXLW V SUHWLQG R FRQGXLWFRUHVSXQ]WRDUH-VGHDVIDFVQXIDFFHYD-GHODVXELHFWXOSDVLYLVFHDUFRQFXUVXOIRU HLFRHUFLWLYHDVWDWXOXLvQFD]de nevoie.

a. Clasificarea drepturilor subiective civile UHSWXULOHVXELHFWLYHFLYLOHVHFODVLILFGXSFRQ LQXWGUHSWXULSDWULPRQLDOHLGUHSWXULQHSDWULPRQLDOHGXSRSR]DELOLWDWHDORUGUHSWXULDEVROXWHLGUHSWXULUHODWLYHGXSFRUHOD LD GLQWUH HOH GUHSWXUL SULQFLSDOH L GUHSWXUL DFFHVRULL L vQ IXQF LH GH JUDGXO GHFHUWLWXGLQH SH FDUH vO FRQIHU WLWXODULORU ORU GUHSWXUL SXUH L VLPSOH L GUHSWXUL DIHFWDWH GHPRGDOLW L 2EOLJD LDFLYLOHVWHvQGDWRULUHDVXELHFWXOXLSDVLYGHDDYHDRDQXPHFRQGXLWFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHGUHSWXOXLVXELHFWLYFRUHODWLY

E 5HFXQRDWHUHD RFURWLUHD L H[HUFLWDUHD GUHSWXULORUsubiective civile %2EOLJD LDFLYLO

1R LXQH 2EOLJD LDFLYLOHVWHvQGDWRULUHDVXELHFWXOXLSDVLYGHDDYHDRDQXPHFRQGXLW

corespuQ]WRDUHGUHSWXOXLVXELHFWXOXLSDVLY &ODVLILFDUHDREOLJD LLORUFLYLOH

2EOLJD LLOH VH FODVLILF GXS FULWHULXO RELHFWXOXL DO RSR]DELOLW LL L GXSFULWHULXOVDQF LXQLLDSOLFDELOHvQFD]XOQHUHVSHFWULLORU

1.3.3. Obiectul raportului juridic civil $1R LXQHD de obiect al raportului juridic civil

Obiectul raportului juridic civil este conduita VXELHFWHORUDFHVWXLDGHWHUPLQDWGHDF LXQHDODFDUHHVWHvQGULWXLWVXELHFWXODFWLYLGHFHDGHFDUHHVWH LQXWVXELHFWXOSDVLY$F LXQHD VDX LQDF LXQHD VXELHFWHORU VH UDSRUWHD] OD XQ DQXPLW EXQ RELHFW GHULYDW DOraportului juridic civil).

B. Bunurile 1R LXQHD

%XQXOHVWHRYDORDUHHFRQRPLFXWLOSHQWUXVDWLVIDFHUHDQHYRLORUPDWHULDOHLVSLULWXDOHDOHRPXOXLLFDUHHVWHVXVFHSWLELOGHapropriere sub forma dreptului patrimonial.

Clasificarea bunurilor &ODVLILFDUHD EXQXULORU VH IDFH GXS GLIHULWH FULWHULL SULQWUH FDUH QDWXUD LFDOLILFDUHD GDW GH OHJH UHJLPXO FLUFXOD LHL ORU MXULGLFH GXS FXP HVWH SRVLELO VDX QXnlocuirea lor nH[HFXWDUHDXQHLREOLJD LLFLYLOHGXSFXPSURGXFVDXQXIUXFWHHWF

2. ,]YRDUHOHLSUREDUDSRUWXULORUMXULGLFHFLYLOHFRQFUHWH 2.1. Izvoarele raporturilor juridice concrete

1R LXQHD ,]YRDUHDOHUDSRUWXOXLMXULGLFFLYLOFRQFUHWVXQWDFHOHDFWHLIDSte care, potrivit QRUPHLGHGUHSWFLYLOGDXQDWHUHXQRUUDSRUWXULMXULGLFHFLYLOHFRQFUHWH

Clasificarea izvoarelor raporturilor juridice civile concrete ,]YRDUHOH UDSRUWXUL MXULGLFH FLYLOH FRQFUHWH VH FODVLILF GXS OHJWXUD ORU FXYRLQ DXPDQDF LXQLRPHQHWLLIDSWHOHQDWXUDOHLvQIXQF LHGHVIHUDORUIDSWHMXULGLFHvQVHQVODUJLIDSWHMXULGLFHvQVHQVUHVWUkQV

6 2.2. Proba raporturilor juridice civile concrete

2.2.1. Scurt istoric LQFHOHPDLYHFKL WLPSXUL MXGHFDUHDOLWLJLLORUDSUXWH vntre oameni s-DIFXW

SH ED]D SUREHORU FDUH VH vQI LDX MXGHFWRULORU DFWH VFULVH PDUWRUL MXUWRUL PUWXULVLULordalii etc.)

2.2.2. 1R LXQLJHQHUDOH Proba: ntr-XQ SULQ VHQV DO WHUPHQXOXL HVWH SUH]HQWDUHD vQ ID D LQVWDQ HL GHMXGHFDWDPLMORDFHORUOHJDOHGHFRQYLQJHUHDDFHVWHLDDVXSUDH[LVWHQ HLXQRUDQXPLWHGUHSWXULLREOLJD LLFLYLOHQWU-XQDOGRLOHDVHQVSUREDHVWHPLMORFXO MXULGLFGHVWDELOLUHDH[LVWHQ HLGUHSWXULORUVXELHFWLYHLREOLJD LLORUFLYLOH Materia probelor HVWH UHJOHPHQWDW vQ DUt. 1169 - GLQ&RGXO FLYLO L DUW167 - 225, 235-GLQ&RGXOGHSURFHGXUFLYLO Obiectul probeiHVWHHOHPHQWXOGHGRYDG- WRDWHvPSUHMXUULOHDFWHVDXIDSWHjuridice care sunt izvoare ale raporturilor juridice civile concrete - menit a demonstra H[LVWHQ DXQXLGUHSWVXELHFWLYFLYLOLDREOLJD LHLFRUHODWLYH Sarcina probeiUHYLQHvQSULPXOUkQGUHFODPDQWXOXLDSRLSkUkWXOXLMXGHFWRUXOSXWkQGGLVSXQHGLQRILFLXDGPLQLVWUDUHDSUREHORUSHFDUHOHFRQVLGHUQHFHVDUH 0LMORDFHOHGH SURE sunW SURED SULQ vQFULVXUL PUWXULD PUWXULVLUHDUHFXQRDWHUHDLSUH]XP LLOH

2.2.3.1. Proba prin nscrisuri 1R LXQHLFODVLILFDUH QVFULVXULOHUHSUH]LQWFRQVHPQDUHDGHGDWHGHVSUHDFWHLIDSWHMXULGLFHFXXQmijloc adecvat pe un suport material.

nscrisul autentic Potrivit art. 1171 din Codul civil, actul autentic este acela ce s-D IFXW FXVROHPQLW LOHFHUXWHGHOHJHGHXQIXQF LRQDUSXEOLFFDUHDUHGUHSWXOGHDIXQF LRQDvQORFXOunde actul s-DIFXW

vQVFULVXOVXEVHPQWXUDSULYDW Poate ILVFULVGHPkQvQWRWDOLWDWHGHXQDVDXDOWDGLQWUHSU LRULSDU LDOGHXQDGLQWUHSU LLSDU LDOGHFHDODOWSDUWHVDXGHFWUHXQWHU $FHVWvQVFULVvLDUHSXWHUHDSUREDQWvQVHPQWXUDSU LORUFDUHvLH[SULPDVWIHOYRLQ D

alte nscrisuri 6XQW FHOHFDUHSHQWUXD ILFRQVLGHUDWHSUREHQXQHFHVLWD IL VHPQDWH ILLQGGHQXPLWHLvQVFULVXULQHVHPQDWH([HPSOHGHDVWIHOGHvQFULVXULVXQWUHJLVWUHOHFRPHUFLDOHUHJLVWUHOH FU LOH L KkUWLLOH GRPHVWLFH PHQ LXQLOH IFXWH GH FUHGLWRU SH WLWOXO GH FUHDQ VFULVRULOHLWHOHJUDPHOH

2.2.3.2.0UWXULDSUREDWHVWLPRQLDO D1R LXQHDGHPDUWRULGHPUWXULH E7UVWXULOHFDUDFWHULVWLFHDOHPU-turiei F&RQGL LLOHGHDGPLVLELOLWDWHDOHSUREHLWHVWLPRQLDOH

0DUWRUXOHVWHSHUVRDQDVWULQGHSURFHVFHDUHFXQRWLQ HSURSULLGHVSUHIDSWHFDUHVXQWFRQFOXGHQWHvQUH]ROYDUHDSULFLQLL0UWXULDHVWHUHODWDUHDRUDOIFXWGHRSHUVRDQvQ ID LQVWDQ HLGH MXGHFDWFXSULYLUH ODDFWHVDXIDSWH OLWLJLRDVHVYkULWH vQ WUHFXWGHVSUHFDUHDUHFXQRWLQ SHUVRQDO(VWHUHJOHPHQWDWGHDUW-1192 din Codul civil.

2.2.2.3.0UWXULVLUHDUHFXQRDWHUHD D1R LXQHDGHPUWXULVLUHLQDWXUDMXULGLFDDFHVWHLD E&DUDFWHUHOHPUWXULVLULLLFRQVHFLQ HOHORUMXULGLFH FRPHQLXOGHDSOLFDUHDOPUWX-risirii d. FelXULOHPUWXULVLULL H3XWHUHDGRYHGLWRDUHDPUWXULVLULL f. Interogatoriul

7 0UWXULVLUHDHVWHUHFXQRDWHUHDGHFWUHRSHUVRDQDXQXLDFWVDXIDSWSHFDUHR DOW SHUVRDQ vL vQWHPHLD] R SUHWHQ LH VDX R DSUDUH L FDUH HVWH GH QDWXU V SURGXFconsecLQ H MXULGLFH vPSRWULYD DXWRUXOXL HL (D HVWH DGPLV vQ WRDWH PDWHULLOH FX H[FHS LDVLWXD LLORU vQ FDUH HVWH LQWHU]LV GH OHJH VDX FkQG SULQ DGPLWHUHD PUWXULVLULL V-ar eluda GLVSR]L LLOH OHJLL VDXV-DUSLHUGHXQGUHSW ODFDUHQXVHSRDWHUHQXQ DVDXFDUH nu poate face RELHFWXOXQHLWUDQ]DF LL

2.2.3.4.3UH]XP LLOH a. 1R LXQHD

3RWULYLWDUWGLQ&RGXOFLYLOSUH]XP LLOHVXQWFRQVHFLQ HOHSHFDUHOHJHDsau magistratul le trage dintr-un fapt cunoscut la un fapt necunoscut.

b. Clasificarea ([LVWSUH]XP LLOHJDle - limitate numeric, determinate special prin de lege -LSUH]XP LLVLPSOHDOHRPXOXLFDUHVXQWRSHUDMXGHFWRUXOXLLFDUHVXQWQHQXPUDWH

Capitolul IV

Actul juridic civil

1. 1R LXQHDLFODVLILFDUHDDFWHORUMXULGLFHFLYLOH

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1.2. Clasificarea actelor juridice civile 1.2.1.Criterii de clasificare

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2. &RQGL LLOHDFWXOXLMXULGLFFLYLO 1R LXQHLFODVLILFDUH

&RQGL LLOHDFWXOXLMXULGLFFLYLO VXQWFRPSRQHQWHFDUHWUHEXLHVDXSRWVIDFparte din structura acestuia. Acestea sunt: capacitatea de a ncheia actul juridic, FRQVLP PkQWXORELHFWXOLFDX]D

2.2.Capacitatea de a ncheia actul juridic civil

8

1R LXQH Este aptitudinea subiectului de drept civil -SHUVRDQIL]LFVDXMXULGLF- de a deveni titular dHGUHSWXULLREOLJD LLFLYLOHSULQvQFKHLHUHDGHDFWHMXULGLFHFLYLOH

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&RQVLP PkQWXO 2.3.1. 1R LXQH

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9LFLLOHGHFRQVLP PkQW A. Eroarea

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D. Leziunea LVSURSRU LDGHYDORDUHHYLGHQWvQWUHGRXSUHVWD LL

3. Obiectul actului juridic 3.1.1R LXQH

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3.2.&RQGL LLGHYDODELOLWDWH Obiectul actului juridic civil trebuie :

VH[LVWH

VILHvQFLUFXLWXOFLYLO

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VILHSRVLELO

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MXULGLF FLYLO &DX]D HVWH SUH]XPDW SkQ OD GRYDGD FRQWUDULH DUW DOLQ GLQ &RGXOcivil).

5. Forma actului juridic civil

9 5.1.1R LXQH

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5.2. Principiul consensualismului 3RWULYLW SULQFLSLXOXL FRQVHQVXDOLVPXOXL VLPSOD PDQLIHVWDUH GH YRLQ HVWHQHFHVDULVXILFLHQWSHQWUXFDDFWXOVVHQDVFYDODELOGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHDOIRUPHL ([FHS LLOHGHODDFHVWSULQFLSLXVXQW

forPDFHUXWSHQWUXYDODELOLWDWHDDFWXOXLMXULGLFFLYLOIRUPDad validitatem); IRUPDFHUXWSHQWUXSUREDUHDDFWXOXLMXULGLFFLYLOIRUPDad probationem); IRUPDFHUXWSHQWUXRSR]DELOLWDWHDID DGHWHU L

5.3.&ODVLILFDUHDFRQGL LLORUGHIRUPDOHDFWXOXLMXULGLc civil 6HIDFHGXSFRQVHFLQ HOHMXULGLFHDOHQHUHVSHFWULLORUIRUPDad validitatem, forma ad probationemLIRUPDFHUXWSHQWUXRSR]DELOLWDWHDID GHWHU LLGXSL]YRUXOFDUHFHUHRDQXPLWIRUPIRUPDOHJDOLIRUPDFRQYHQ LRQDO

5.3.1. Forma ad validitatem a actului juridic civil 5.3.2. Forma ad probationem a actului juridic civil

)RUPD FHUXW SHQWUX RSR]DELOLWDWH ID GH WHU L D DFWXOXL MXULGLFcivil

6. 0RGDOLW LOHDFWXOXLMXULGLFFLYLO 1R iune 6.2. Termenul

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6.2.3. Efecte juridice 7HUPHQXODIHFWHD]GRDUH[HFXWDUHDDFWXOXLQXLH[LVWHQ DVD

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6.3.3. Efecte juridice &RQGL LDDIHFWHD] vQVL H[LVWHQ DDFWXOXL MXULGLFFLYLO L vLSURGXFHHIHFWHOHretroactiv.

6.4. Sarcina 6.4.1. HILQL LH

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VDUFLQvQIDYRDUHDXQHLWHU HSHUVRDQH 6.4.3. Efecte juridice

6DUFLQD QHH[HFXWDW DIHFWHD] GRDU HILFDFLWDWHD L QX YDODELOLWDWHD DFWXOXLjuridic civil.

7. Efectele actului juridic civil

10 7.1.1R LXQH

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8. Nulitatea actului juridic civil 8.1.1R LXQH

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8.3.Cauzele de nulitate Sunt considHUDWH FDX]H GH QXOLWDWH DEVROXW D DFWXOXL MXULGLF FLYLO vQFOFDUHDUHJXOLORU SULYLQG FDSDFLWDWHD FLYLO D SHUVRDQHORU OLSVD WRWDO D FRQVLP PkQWXOXLQHYDODELOLWDWHD RELHFWXOXL vQFOFDUHD RUGLQLL SXEOLFH IUDXGD OHJLL OLSVD FDX]HL FDX]D LOLFLWsau LPRUDOHWF &RQVWLWXLH FDX]H GH QXOLWDWH UHODWLY YLFLLOH GH FRQVLP PkQW OLSVDGLVFHUQPkQWXOXL vQPRPHQWXO vQFKHLHULLDFWXOXL MXULGLFFLYLOQHUHVSHFWDUHDUHJXOLORUSULYLQGFDSDFLWDWHDGHH[HUFL LXDSHUVRDQHORULQHUHVSHFWDUHDGUHSWXOXLGHSUHHP LXne.

8.4.5HJLPXOMXULGLFDOQXOLW LL 5HJLPXOMXULGLFDOQXOLW LLDEVROXWH

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8.4.2. 5HJLPXOMXULGLFDOQXOLW LLUHODWLYH 5HJLPXO MXULGLF DO QXOLW LL UHODWLYH HVWH FkUPXLW GH WUHL UHJXOL D QXOLWDWHDUHODWLY SRDWH IL LQYRFDW QXPDL GH SHUVRDQD DO FUXL LQWHUHV D IRVW QHVRFRWLW OD vQFKHLHUHDDFWXOXL MXULGLF E DF LXQHD vQ DQXODELOLWDWH HVWH SUHVFULSWLELO F QXOLWDWHD UHODWLY SRDWH ILFRQILUPDWH[SUHVVDXWDFLW

11 (IHFWHOHQXOLW LL

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B. 3ULQFLSLXOUHSXQHULLvQVLWXD LDDQWH-ULRDU (VWH UHJXODGHGUHSW SRWULYLW FUeia tot ceea ce s-a executat n baza unui act DQXODWVHUHVWLWXLHDVWIHOvQFkWSU LOHUDSRUWXOXLMXULGLFVDMXQJvQVLWXD LDvQFDUHDFHODFWQXs-DUILvQFKHLDW6XQWH[FHS LLGHODSULQFLSLXFD]XULOHvQFDUHSUHVWD LLOHHIHFWXDWHvQWHPHLXOactuluiDQXODWQXVHVXSXQUHVWLWXLULLPHQ LQkQGX-se.

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CAPITOLUL V

3UHVFULS LDH[WLQFWLY

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material prin neexercitarea sa n termenul stabilit de lege. 1.2. Efectul SUHVFULS LHLH[WLQFWLYH $UW GLQ&RGXO FLYLO HQXPHU SUHVFULS LD SULQWUHPRGXULOHGH VWLQJHUH D

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1.3. Drepturile subiective civile prescriptibile extinctiv 1.3.1. Criterii de determinare

12 Un prim criteriu de determinare a drepturilor subiective civile prescriptibile

H[WLQFWLYvOUHSUH]LQWQDWXUDGUHSWXULORUVXELHFWLYHFLYLOHSDWULPRQLDOHLQHSDWULPRQLDOH$Odoilea criteULX HVWH FHO DO DFWXOXL QRUPDWLY FDUH UHJOHPHQWHD] SUHVFULS LD HFUHWXO QU167/1958, Codul civil sau alte acte normative).

1.3.2. Drepturile patrimoniale A. UHSWXULOHGHFUHDQ

Conform primului criteriu, n categoria drepturilor patrimoniale, principalul domeniXDOSUHVFULS LHLH[WLQFWLYHvOIRUPHD]GUHSWXULOHGHFUHDQ $VWIHODF LXQLOHSHUVRQDOHFDUH vQVR HVF GUHSWXULOH GH FUHDQ VXQW SUHVFULSWLELOH 3ULQ H[FHS LH DF LXQHD vQ UHVWLWXLUHDGUHSWXULORUOD&DVDGH(FRQRPLLL&RQVHPQD LXQLLDF LXQHDDYkQGFDRELHFWSDUWHDFXYHQLWGLQUH]HUYDGHSULPHvQDVLJXUULOHIDFXOWDWLYHGHSHUVRDQHQXVXQWSUHVFULSWLELOH

B. Drepturile reale principale Q PDWHULD GUHSWXULORU UHDOH SULQFLSDOH VXQW LPSUHVFULSWLELOH DF LXQHD vQUHYHQGLFDUH LPRELOLDU DF LXQHD vQ SDUWDM DF LXQHD QHJDWRULH FRQIHVRULH L DF LXQHD vQUHYHQGLFDUH LPRELOLDU vQWHPHLDW SH GUHSWXO GH SURSULHWDWH SXEOLF 6XQW DF LXQL UHDOHSUHVFULSWLELOHH[WLQFWLYDF LXQHDvQUHYHQGLFDUHLPRELOLDUvQWHPHLDWSHGUHSWXOGHSURSULHWDWHSULYDWDF LXQHDFRQIHVRULHLDF LXQHDvQUHYHQGLFDUHLPRELOLDUvQFD]GHDYXOVLXQHDUWGLQ&RGXOFLYLOLvQFD]XOSUHY]XWGHDUWDOLQGLQ&RGXOGHSURFHGXUFLYLO

1.3.3. Drepturile nepatrimoniale 3ULQFLSLXO LPSUHVFULSWLELOLW LL GUHSWXULORU QHSDWULPRQLDOH HVWH regula de drept

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1.3.4. 3UHVFULS LDH[WLQFWLYvQVLWXD LLMXULGLFHVSHFLDOH 3UDFWLFD MXULVGLF LRQDO vQ XQHOH VLWXD LL D GDW VROX LL QHXQLIRUPH VDX FDUHQHFHVLW H[SOLFD LL WHRUHWLFH VSHFLDOH SHQWUX vQ Hlegerea modului de rezolvare a problemei SUHVFULSWLELOLW LL $FHVWH VLWXD LL VXQW DSUDUHD GUHSWXOXL VXELHFWLY SH FDOHD H[FHS LHLDF LXQHDvQFRQVWDWDUHDF LXQLOHPL[WHGXDOLWDWHDGHDF LXQLDF LXQHDvQUHSDUDUHDXQHLGDXQHPRUDOH DF LXQHD vQ UHVWLWXLUH FD XUPDUH D DQXOULL XQXL DFW MXULGLF FLYLO XQHOH DF LXQL vQPDWHULHVXFFHVRUDOHWF

2.7HUPHQHOHGHSUHVFULS LHH[WLQFWLY 2.1.1R LXQHLFODVLILFDUH 7HUPHQXOGHSUHVFULS LH H[WLQFWLYHVWHSHULRDGDGHWLPSVWDELOLWGHOHJHvQ

care se poate exeUFLWDGUHSWXO OD DF LXQH vQ VHQVPDWHULDOXS FULWHULXO VIHUHLGHDSOLFDUHH[LVW WHUPHQHJHQHUDOHLWHUPHQHVSHFLDOHGHSUHVFULS LHH[WLQFWLYXS L]YRUXOQRUPDWLYDOORUH[LVW WHUPHQHLQVWLWXLWHGHHFUHWXOQULWHUPHQHLQVWLWXLWHGHDlte izvoare de drept civil.

2.2.7HUPHQHOHJHQHUDOHDOHSUHVFULS LHLH[WLQFWLYH 7HUPHQXOJHQHUDOGHSUHVFULS LHGHDQL

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15 7.2.5HJXOLOHGHFDOFXODOWHUPHQHORUGHSUHVFULS LH

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Titlul II Persoanele

Capitolul I

1R LXQLJHQHUDOH

Subiectele dreptului FLYLO VXQW RDPHQLL SHUVRDQHOH FX YRFD LH GH D DYHDGUHSWXUL L REOLJD LL FDUH SDUWLFLS vQPRG LQGLYLGXDO VDX vQ IRUPH RUJDQL]DWH OD UDSRUWXULMXULGLFH$WULEXWXO GH VXELHFW DO GUHSWXOXL FLYLO DSDU LQkQG SHUVRDQHORU IL]LFH L MXULGLFH VHH[SULPSULQFDSDFLWDWHDFLYLO

Capitolul II

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1.3.2. QJUGLULOHFDSDFLW LLGHIRORVLQ DSHUVRDQHi fizice A. QJUGLUL-VDQF LXQH

16 Pot avea FDUDFWHUGHSHGHDSVSHQDO sau caracter de VDQF LXQHFLYLO.

a) LQ FDWHJRULD vQJUGLULORU FX FDUDFWHU GH SHGHDSV SHQDO IDF SDUWHSHGHDSVD FRPSOHPHQWDU D LQWHU]LFHULL XQRU GUHSWXUL L SHGHDSVDaccesorie a interzicHULL XQRU GUHSWXUL SUHY]XWH GH DUW GLQCodul penal.

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1.4.1. HFODUDUHDMXGHFWRUHDVFDPRU LL HFODUDUHD MXGHFWRUHDVF D PRU LL UHJOHPHQWDW GH HFUHWXO QU SRDWHILVDXQXSUHFHGDWGHGHFODUDUHDMXGHFWRUHDVFDGLVSDUL LHLLVHH[SOLFSULQQHYRLDUHVLP LWGHVRFLHWDWHGHDILFODULILFDWVLWXD LDSHUVRDQHLGLVSUXWHGHVSUHFDUHQXVHWLHGDFPDLHVWHVDXQXvQYLD

HFODUDUHDMXGHFWRUHDVFDGLVSDUL LHL HFODUDUHDMXGHFWRUHDVFDGLVSDUL LHLSRDWHILFHUXW vQFRQGL LLOHDUWGLQ

Decretul nr. 31/1954 atunci cnd absen DGH ODGRPLFLOLXDUHRGXUDWPLQLPGHXQDQ LFkQGDFHDVWDQDWHLQFHUWLWXGLQLID GHH[LVWHQ DvQYLD DSHUVRDQHLvQFDX]

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1.4.1.2.HFODUDUHD MXGHFWRUHDVF D PRU LL SUHFHGDW GHGHFODUDUHDMXGHFWRUHDVFDGLVSDUL LHL

1.4.1.3.HFODUDUHD MXGHFWRUHDVF D PRU LL QHSUHFHGDW GHdeclararea jXGHFWRUHDVFDGLVSDUL LHL

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c. Retranscrierea numelui de familie 5HWUDQVFULHUHDQXPHOXLGHIDPLOLHHVWHUHJOHPHQWDWGHHFUHWXOQULSULYHWHSHUVRDQDDOFUXLQXPHGHIDPLOLHDIRVWvQUHJLVWUDWvQDFWHOHGHVWDUHFLYLOWUDGXVvQDOWOLPEGHFkWFHDPDWHUQRULFXRUWRJUDILDDOWHLOLPEL$FHDVWDSRDWHFHUHvQVFULHUHDSULQPHQ LXQHSHDFWHOHGHVWDUHFLYLODQXPHOXLGHIDPLOLHUHWUDGXVVDXFXRUWRJUDILDOLPELLmaterne att la rubricile privind peWLWXODUFkWLODFHOHSULYLQGSHSULQ LLVL

C. Prenumele a. 1R LXQHUROFDUDFWHUH

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23 4.2.2. Domiciliul

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C. Domiciliul legal RPLFLOLXO OHJDO HVWH GRPLFLOLXO SH FDUH OHJHD R VWDELOHWH SHQWUX DQXPLWH

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(3UREDVWULLFLYLOH 6WDUHD FLYLO VH GRYHGHWH FX DFWHOH vQWRFPLWH VDX Fu cele nscrise, potrivit OHJLLvQUHJLVWUHOHGHVWDUHFLYLO &HUWLILFDWHOHHOLEHUDWHvQWHPHLXOUHJLVWUHORUGHVWDUHFLYLODX DFHHDL SXWHUH GRYHGLWRDUH FD L DFWHOH vQWRFPLWH VDX vQVFULVH vQ UHJLVWUH DUW GLQDecretul nr. 31/1954). CertificateOHGHVWDUHFLYLOVXQWGHGRXIHOXULRULJLQDOHLGXSOLFDWHvQWUHHOHQHH[LVWkQGGLIHUHQ HGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHDOIRU HLSUREDQWHFLQXPDLGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHDOIRUPDOLW LORUQHFHVDUHvQWRFPLULLLHOLEHUULLORU 6WDUHD FLYLO VH YD SXWHD GRYHGL vQDLQWHD LQVWDQ HL MXGHFWRUHWL SULQ RULFHPLMORFGHSUREDGPLVGHOHJHvQFRQGL LLOHSUHY]XWHGHDUWOLWHUHOHD- d) din Decretul nr. 31/1954.

25

Capitolul III

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27 6DQF LXQHD QHUHVSHFWULL UHJXOLORU SULYLQG FDSDFLWDWHD GHH[HUFL LXDSHUVRDQHLMXULGLFH

1HUHVSHFWDUHD QRUPHORU SULYLQG FDSDFLWDWHD GH H[HUFL LX QX DUH VDQF LXQLH[SUHVSUHY]XWHGHOHJHDVWIHOFVHDSOLFSULQFLSLLOHFHJXYHUQHD]QXOLWDWHDDFWHORUFLYLOH 6XQW ORYLWH GH QXOLWDWH UHODWLY DFWHOH MXULGLFH vQFKHLDWH vQ XUPWRDUHOHFRQGL LLGHRSHUVRDQPDQGDWDWGDUFDUHDGHSLWSXWHULOHvQFUHGLQ DWHGHRSHUVRDQGLQFROHFWLYXODFHOHHDLSHUVRDQHMXULGLFHGDUFDUHQXDYHDFDOLWDWHDGHRUJDQGHFRQGXFHUHLQLFLvPSXWHUQLFLUHFXvQFOFDUHDGHOLPLWULORUGHDWULEX LLvQWUHRUJDQHOHGHFRQGXFHUHDOHDFHOHLDLpersoane juridice.

4. Reorganizarea persoanei juridice 4.1.1R LXQHDUHRUJDQL]ULLSHUVRDQHLMXULGLFH ReorganizarHD HVWH RSHUD LXQHD MXULGLF SULYLQG FHO SX LQ GRX SHUVRDQH

juridice, care produce efecte creatoare, modificatoare, sau de ncetare, asupra lor. Reorganizarea persoanei juridice se face potrivit principiului simetriei juridice, pe calea XUPDWODvQILLQ DUHDDFHVWHLD

4.2.)RUPHOHUHRUJDQL]ULLSHUVRDQHLMXULGLFH 5HRUJDQL]DUHDSHUVRDQHLMXULGLFHVHIDFHSULQFRPDVDUHLSULQGLYL]DUH

4.2.1. Comasarea (VWH R IRUP GH UHRUJDQL]DUH D SHUVRDQHL MXULGLFH FDUH VH UHDOL]HD] SULQ

DEVRUE LH L SULQ IX]LXQH$EVRUE LD HVWH vQFRUSRUDUHD XQHL SHUVRDQH MXULGLFH FDUH vQFHWHD]DVWIHOVPDLH[LVWHGHFWUHRDOWSHUVRDQMXULGLF)X]LXQHDHVWHFRQWRSLUHDDGRXVDXPDLPXOWHSHUVRDQHMXULGLFHFDUHvQFHWHD]DVWIHOVPDLH[LVWHLFUHDUHDSULQDFHDVWDDXQHLnoi persoane juridice.

4.2.2. Divizarea (VWHRIRUPGHUHRUJDQL]DUHDSHUVRDQHLMXULGLFHFDUHFRQVW vQvPSU LUHDvQWRWVDXvQSDUWHDSDWULPRQLXOXLXQHLSHUVRDQHMXULGLFHLYL]DUHDHVWHWRWDOLSDU LDO

(IHFWHOHGHGUHSWFLYLODOHUHRUJDQL]ULLpersoanelor juridice (IHFWHOH GH GUHSW FLYLO DOH UHRUJDQL]ULL SHUVRDQHL MXULGLFH VXQW SUHY]XWH GHHFUHWXOQULSULYHVFHIHFWXOFUHDWRULHIHFWXOH[WLQFWLYHIHFWXOWUDQVODWLYOLPLWHOHUVSXQGHULL PRGXO GH WUDQVPLWHUH D FRQWUDFWHORU L PRmentul producerii efectelor UHRUJDQL]ULL

(IHFWXOFUHDWRULHIHFWXOH[WLQFWLY (IHFWXO FUHDWRU FRQVW vQ vQILLQ DUHD SHUVRDQHL MXULGLFH FD UH]XOWDW DO

UHRUJDQL]ULL (O VH SURGXFH vQ FD]XO IX]LXQLL L DO GLYL]ULL (IHFWXO H[WLQFWLY FRQVW vQnFHWDUHD H[LVWHQ HL SHUVRDQHL MXULGLFH FD XUPDUH D UHRUJDQL]ULL (O VH SURGXFH vQ FD]XOFRPDVULLLDOGLYL]ULLWRWDOH

4.3.2. Efectul translativ &RPDVDUHD DUH FD HIHFW R WUDQVPLVLXQH XQLYHUVDO $EVRUE LD DUH FD HIHFW

WUDQVIHUDUHD WXWXURU GUHSWXULORU L REOLJD LLORU SHUVRDQHL MXULGLFH DEVRUELWH DVXSUD SHUVRDQHLMXULGLFHFDUHRvQFRUSRUHD]vQDFHVWIHOLYL]DUHDDUHFDHIHFWRWUDQVPLWHUHFXWLWOXXQLYHUVDOFDUHFRQVWvQWUDQVIHUDUHDXQRUIUDF LXQLGHSDWULPRQLXGHODSHUVRDQDMXULGLFGLYL]DWODPDLmulte persoane juridice

/LPLWHOHUVSXQGHULL Comasarea n ambele sale forme -DEVRUE LHLIX]LXQH-DUHGUHSWFRQVHFLQ

UVSXQGHUHDSHUVRDQHLMXULGLFHGREkQGLWRDUHSHQWUXWRDWHREOLJD LLOHFHL-au fost transferate. LYL]DUHD HVWH VXSXV SULQFLSLXOXL UVSXQGHULL SURSRU LRQDOH SRWULYLW FUXLD

SHUVRDQD MXULGLF GREkQGLWRDUH FDUH D SULPLW DFHHDL IUDF LXQH PDWHPDWLF GLQ DFWLYXO LSDVLYXOSHUVRDQHLGLYL]DWHYD UVSXQGH vQ OLPLWDFRWHLGHSDVLY LQGLIHUHQWGHUDSRUWXOGLQWUHYDORDUHDDFWLYXOXLLSDVivului

4.3.4. Modul de transmitere a contractelor

28 QFD]XOFRPDVULL WRDWHFRQWUDFWHOH vQFKHLDWHGHSHUVRDQD MXULGLFDEVRUELW

VDXGHSHUVRDQHOH MXULGLFHFDUH IX]LRQHD] VH WUDQVPLWSHUVRDQHL MXULGLFHFHDDEVRUELW VDXQRLLSHUVRDQHMXULGLFHGXSFD], ca elemente ale patrimoniului.

4.3.5. 0RPHQWXOSURGXFHULLHIHFWHORUUHRUJDQL]ULL HFUHWXOQUVWDELOHWHXUPWRDUHOHUHJXOLvQFD]XOSHUVRDQHLMXULGLFHVXSXVH vQUHJLVWUULL HIHFWHOH UHRUJDQL]ULL vQWUH SU L L ID GH WHU L VH SURGXF GH OD GDWD vQUHJLVWUULLvQFD]XOSHUVRDQHORUMXULGLFHFDUHQXVHVXSXQvQUHJLVWUULLHIHFWHOHUHRUJDQL]ULLVH SURGXF GH OD GDWD DSUREULL GH FWUH RUJDQHOH FRPSHWHQWH D GRFXPHQWHORU vQWRFPLWH vQYHGHUHDUHDOL]ULLDFHVWHLD

5. ncetarea persoanei juridice 5.1.1R LXQHDLPRGXULOHGHvQFHWDUHDSHUVRDQHLMXULGLFH QFHWDUHDSHUVRDQHLMXULGLFHUHSUH]LQWSLHUGHUHDFDOLW LLGHVXELHFWFROHFWLYGH

GUHSWFLYLO0RGXULOHGHvQFHWDUHDSHUVRDQHLMXULGLFHVXQWUHRUJDQL]DUHDLGL]ROYDUHD 5.2. Dizolvarea persoanei juridice

5.21R LXQHDLUHJOHPHQWDUHDOHJDODGL]ROYULL Dizolvarea persoanei juridice este un mod de ncetare a persoanelor juridice

DVRFLDWLYHvQFD]XULOHH[SUHVSUHY]XWHGHOHJHLFDUHVHIDFHSULQOLFKLGDUH5HJOHPHQWDUHDJHQHUDO D FD]XULORU GH GL]ROYDUH HVWH FXSULQV vQ HFUHWXO QU 5HJOHPHQWDUHDVSHFLDO D FD]XULORU GH GL]ROYDUH HVWH FXSULQV vQ XUPWRDUHOH DFWH QRUPDWLYH /HJHD QU/HJHDQU/HJHDQU/HJHDQUL/HJHDQU

5.2.2. (IHFWHOHGL]ROYULL/Lchidarea (IHFWXOIXQGDPHQWDODOGL]ROYULLHVWHOLFKLGDUHDSHUVRDQHLMXULGLFH Momentul vQFKHLHULL OLFKLGULL PDUFKHD] vQFHWDUHD H[LVWHQ HL SHUVRDQHL MXULGLFH 5HJOHPHQWDUHDJHQHUDOSULYLQGHIHFWHOHGL]ROYULLVHDIOvQHFUHWXOQU5HJOHPHQWDUHDVSHFLDODHIHFWHORUGL]ROYULLSHUVRDQHLMXULGLFHHVWHFXSULQVvQ/HJHDQU/HJHDQULegea nr. 36/1991, Legea nr. 18/1991, Legea nr. 109/1996. Lichidarea este mijlocul juridic de vQFHWDUHDH[LVWHQ HLSHUVRDQHLMXULGLFHVXSXVHGL]ROYULL3RWULYLWDUWDOLQLDUWGLQ/HJHD QU GL]ROYDUHD SRDWH DYHD ORF IU OLFKLGDUH vQ FD]XO IX]LXQLL VDX GLYL]ULLWRWDOHDVRFLHW LLSUHFXPLvQFD]XOGL]ROYULLXQHLVRFLHW LFXUVSXQGHUHOLPLWDWFXDVRFLDWunic. MomentXO SURGXFHULL HIHFWHORU OLFKLGULL UHSUH]LQW PRPHQWXO GL]ROYUL DO vQFHWULLpersoanei juridice, aceasta fiind data ultimului act de lichidare.

5.3. Transformarea persoanei juridice 1R LXQH

7UDQVIRUPDUHD HVWH RSHUD LXQHD MXULGLF vQ XUPD FUHLD vn mod consecutiv, vQFHWHD]H[LVWHQ DXQHLSHUVRDQHMXULGLFHLVHvQILLQ HD]vQORFXOHLRDOWSHUVRDQMXULGLF 7UDQVIRUPDUHD VHGHRVHEHWH DWkW GH UHRUJDQL]DUHFkW LGHGL]ROYDUHDSHUVRDQHORU MXULGLFHVLQJXUXO ORU HOHPHQW FRPXQ ILLQG DFHOD F UHSUH]LQW PRGXUL GH vQFHWDUHD H[LVWHQ HLsubiectului colectiv de drept civil.

5.3.2. Cazurile de transformare a persoanei juridice Cazurile de transformare a persoanei juridice sunt reglementate de Legea nr.

2UGRQDQ D GH XUJHQ D *XYHUQXOXL QU L /HJHD QU /HJHD QU IRORVHWH WHUPHQXO GH UHRUJDQL]DUH vQ VHQVXO GH WUDQVIRUPDUH D WXWXURU XQLW LORUHFRQRPLFHGHVWDWvQUHJLLDXWRQRPHLVRFLHW LFRPHUFLDOHLQXvQFHOSUHY]XWGHHFUHWXOQU 2UGRQDQ D GH XUJHQ D *uvernului nr. 30/1997 privind organizarea regiilor DXWRQRPHGHVHPQHD]FXDFHVWWHUPHQGLYL]DUHDUHJLLORUDXWRQRPHLWUDQVIRUPDUHDUHJLLORUDXWRQRPHLVRFLHW LORUFRPHUFLDOH

5.3.3. (IHFWHOHWUDQVIRUPULLSHUVRDQHLMXULGLFH Transformarea persoanei juridice SURGXFH GRX HIHFWH MXULGLFH FRQVHFXWLYHvQFHWDUHD H[LVWHQ HL XQHL DQXPLWH SHUVRDQH MXULGLFH L vQILLQ DUHD vQ ORFXO HL D XQHL DOWHSHUVRDQHMXULGLFHFXXQDOWSURILOMXULGLFFDUHGHYLQHVXFFHVRDUHXQLYHUVDODSULPHL

6. Identificarea persoanei juridice 6.1.1R LXQHDLLPSRUWDQ DLGHQWLILFULLSHUVRDQHLMXULGLFH

29 Identificarea persoanei juridice este individualizarea subiectului colectiv de

drept civil n cadrul raporturilor civile n care este participant n nume propriu. 6.2.1DWXUDMXULGLF2FURWLUHDPLMOoacelor de identificare 3HQWUXGUHSWXOFLYLOPLMORDFHOHGH LGHQWLILFDUHDSHUVRDQHL MXULGLFHFDQDWXU

MXULGLF VXQW GUHSWXUL VXELHFWLYH SHUVRQDOH QHSDWULPRQLDOH 2FURWLUHD PLMORDFHORU GHLGHQWLILFDUHVHDVLJXUSRWULYLWGLVSR]L LLORUDUW-55 din Decretul nr. 31/1954 . 7. 5HJOHPHQWDUHDLFODVLILFDUHDPLMORDFHORUGHLGHQWLILFDUHDSHUVRDQHLMXULGLFH HFUHWXOQUSULQDUWLDUWVWDELOHWHPRGXO vQFDUHSHUVRDQDMXULGLFvLVWDELOHWHGHQXPLUHDLVHGLXO Legea nr. 15/1990, Legea nr. 31/1990 Legea nr. 26/1990, Legea nr. 36/1991, /HJHDQUL/HJHDQUUHJOHPHQWHD]REOLJDWLYLWDWHDVWDELOLULLODvQILLQ DUHDGHQXPLULL VHGLXOXL L D DOWRU DWULEXWH VSHFLILFH GH LGHQWLILFDUH SHQWUX UHJLL DXWRQRPH LVRFLHW L FRPHUFLDOH FX FDSLWDO GH VWDW VRFLHW L FRPHUFLDOH FX FDSLWDO SULYDW FRPHUFLDQ LVRFLHW LEDQFDUHLSDUWLGHSROLWLFH &ODVLILFDUHD PLMORDFHORU GH LGHQWLILFDUH D SHUVRDQHORU MXULGLFH VH IDFH GXSdomeniul lor de aplicare, distingnd ntre mijloace de identificare generale (denumire, sediu, QD LRQDOLWDWH FRQW EDQFDU L PLMORDFH GH LGHQWLILFDUH VSHFLDOH FRG ILVFDO ILUP PDUFtelefon, fax).

6.3.1. HQXPLUHDLVHGLXOSHUVRDQHLMXULGLFH A. Denumirea persoanelor juridice este mijlocul de identificare a

subiectului colectiv de drept civil reprezentat de cuvntul sau de grupul de cuvinte cu acest vQ HOHVvQFRQGL LLOHOHJLL 5HJOHPHQWDUHD JHQHUDO SULYLQG VWDELOLUHD GHQXPLULL SHUVRDQHL MXULGLFH HVWHFRQ LQXWGHHFUHWXOQUSHUVRDQDMXULGLFYDSXUWDGHQXPLUHDVWDELOLWSULQDFWXOGH vQILLQ DUH VDX SULQ VWDWXW DUW 5HJOHPHQWUL VSHFLDOH FX SULYLUH OD GHQXPLUHD XQRUSHUVRDQHMXULGLFHDSDUvQXUPWRDUHOHDFWHQRUPDWLYH/HJHDQU/HJHDQULegea nr. 36/1991. B. Sediul persoanei juridice este mijlocul de identificare constnd n LQGLFDUHDXQXLDQXPLWORFVWDELOLWvQFRQGL LLOHOHJLLFXDFHDVWVHPQLILFD LH

6.3.1. 1D LRQDOLWDWHD 1D LRQDOLWDWHDSHUVRDQHLMXULGLFHUHSUH]LQWRULJLQHDVDvQIXQF LHGHVWDWXOvQ

FDUH D OXDW ILLQ L GH VLVWHPXO GH GUHSW QD LRQDO FUXLD vL DSDU LQH 3HQWUX GUHSWXO FLYLOQD LRQDOLWDWHDSHUVRDQHLMXULGLFHDUHLPSRUWDQ vQFHHDFHSULYHWHFDSDFLWDWHDDFHVWHLDOHJLspeciale stabilind mai multe reguli n domeniu.

6.3.2. Contul bancar Contul bancar este mijlocul de identificare a persoanei juridice prin

LQWHUPHGLXO XQXL VLPERO FLIULF DO VXFXUVDOHL EQFLL XQGH DFHDVWD DUH GHVFKLV SH ED] GHcontract, contul bancar.

6.3.3. Codul fiscal. Firma. Telefon, telex, fax. Codul fiscal este un mijloc de identificare avnd rolul de a individualiza SHUVRDQDMXULGLFvQUDSRUWXULOHILQDQFLDUHLvQUDSRUWXULOHSULYLQGHYLGHQ DVWDWLVWLFFirma - vQFHHDFHSULYHWHSHUVRDQDMXULGLFHVWHXQPLMORFGHLGHQWLILFDUHVSHFLILFFRPHUFLDQ LORUvQVHQVXO GDW QR LXQLi de dreptul comercial). Marca este mijlocul de identificare al persoanei MXULGLFH SULQ FDUH DFHDVWD vL LQGLYLGXDOL]HD] SURGXVHOH OXFUULOH L VHUYLFLLOH vQ UDSRUW FXFHOH LGHQWLFH VDX DVHPQWRDUH DOH DOWRU SDUWLFLSDQ L OD FLUFXLWXO FLYLOTelefonul, telexul, faxul sunt mijloace de identificare a persoanei juridice prin simboluri numerice, ce se nscriu, GHUHJXOvQDFWHOHMXULGLFHSHFDUHDFHDVWDOHvQFKHLHLSHLPSULPDWHOHSHFDUHOHIRORVHWH

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