Drill Manual

Drill Manual

2010 Edition

Training Group Hong Kong Air Cadet Corps

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Hong Kong Air Cadet Corps Drill Manual Table of Contents

2010 Edition

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 1 1 Instructional Techniques ............................................................................ 1 2 Words of Command..................................................................................... 2 3 Timing ........................................................................................................... 3 4 Length of Pace ............................................................................................. 3 5 The Sequence of Instruction ...................................................................... 3 6 Formation of a Squad.................................................................................. 4 7 Parade Ground Discipline ........................................................................... 5 8 Definitions .................................................................................................... 6 9 Bend the Knee ............................................................................................. 9

CHAPTER TWO FOOT DRILL – STATIC MOVEMENTS.................................. 10 1 Position of Attention.................................................................................. 10 2 Stand at Ease ............................................................................................. 12 3 Attention (from Stand at Ease) ................................................................. 14 4 Stand Easy ................................................................................................. 15 5 Forward or Backward March .................................................................... 16 6 Left Turn at the Halt ................................................................................... 18 7 Right Turn at the Halt ................................................................................ 20 8 About Turn at the Halt ............................................................................... 22 9 Left or Right Incline at the Halt................................................................. 24 10 To the Front Salute at the Halt .................................................................. 26 11 To the Left or Right Salute at the Halt ...................................................... 26 12 Left or Right Close March ......................................................................... 28 13 Adjust on Parade ....................................................................................... 30

CHAPTER THREE FOOT DRILL – MARCHING MOVEMENTS .......................... 32 1 Quick March ............................................................................................... 32 2 Halt from Quick March .............................................................................. 34 3 Mark Time ................................................................................................... 36 4 Halt and Forward from Mark Time............................................................ 36 5 To the Front Salute on the March ............................................................. 37 6 An Officer Passing Your Front Salute on the March............................... 38 7 To the Left or Right Salute on the March ................................................. 40 8 Eyes Left or Right on the March............................................................... 42 9 Left or Right Wheel on the March............................................................. 44 10 Left Turn on the March .............................................................................. 46 11 Right Turn on the March ........................................................................... 48 12 Left or Right Incline on the March ............................................................ 50

Hong Kong Air Cadet Corps Drill Manual Table of Contents

2010 Edition

13 About Turn on the March .......................................................................... 52 14 Change Step............................................................................................... 54 15 Step Out or Short on the March................................................................ 56 16 Slow March and Halt from Slow March .................................................... 58 17 Double March ............................................................................................. 60 18 Variation in Time ........................................................................................ 62 19 Advance and Retire in Review Order ....................................................... 63

CHAPTER FOUR SQUAD DRILL ....................................................................... 64 1 Right Dress ................................................................................................ 64 2 Left Dress ................................................................................................... 66 3 Open or Close Order March ...................................................................... 68 4 Fall In .......................................................................................................... 68 5 Fall Out, Dismiss and Officer on Parade Dismiss................................... 70 6 Sizing .......................................................................................................... 71 7 Get On Parade............................................................................................ 73 8 Form Two or Three Ranks......................................................................... 74

Hong Kong Air Cadet Corps CHAPTER ONE Drill Manual INTRODUCTION

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CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION

1 Instructional Techniques

1.1 The sequence of instruction in all drill movements is:

a. Demonstration b. Explanation c. Imitation d. Practice

1.2 An instructor should identify himself with his squad from the very beginning. The use of words and phrases indicating any division should be avoided. He must present every goal and every difficulty as "ours". Today "we" shall do this; "we " must do that; "we" - you and I together - "we" are a team. However, every problem, difficulty and obstacle facing the squad are not the squad's - they are the instructor's. But the praises must go to the squad.

1.3 Incorrect drill movements must never be demonstrated. To repeat any incorrect movement made by a student is to emphasize it on the impressionable minds of the others. It is sufficient for a student simple to be told that he is not correct and then to be demonstrated the correct method and encouraged to imitate that correct movement. However, even a good instructor who prepares his demonstration carefully may make a mistake - perhaps a forgotten word of command, an incorrect word of command, a turn in the wrong direction. If and when it happens the instructor should stop his instruction immediately and bring his squad to a position of AT EASE and then accept responsibility. He should then instruct the squad that the move will now be repeated but this time correctly.

1.4 An instructor must never forget that he is dealing with individuals whom he is welding into a team. His own personal standards must be high, but he must remember that drills have to be learned and that the learning process varies with individuals who will have their own particular strengths and weaknesses. The degree of progress of the slowest students must be allowed for; but the progress of the squad should not be held back. The slower ones should be given individual extra tuition.

1.5 An instructor must always be in control, constantly checking, encouraging and praising; but he must be strict and firm with mistakes. However, highlighting the mistakes or inability's of any individual in the squad for the amusement of others is both demeaning and dangerous. It is not only wrong for an instructor to threaten, humiliate and embarrass; it is also destructive to the aim. No one works effectively for a bully or for a domineering, bad-tempered man. All instructors become frustrated from time to time but a good instructor never lets his frustration show. Patience and perseverance must always be maintained.

by the instructor

by the squad


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1.6 Note the following:

a. There is no such thing as an un-trainable student; there are simply instructors who do not always teach effectively.

b. A good instructor learns by teaching. Learning is finding out what one already knows; doing is the demonstration that one knows.

c. Instructing is showing others that they can do what the instructor can do if they have the determination and the application.

d. An instructor teaches best when he most needs to learn. e. We are all learners, and we are all capable of instructing. f. Of all the qualities necessary in an instructor, the most important are

honesty, patience and a sense of humour. Without these the instruction is meaningless.

1.7 Periods of instruction should be short enough to avoid the instructor or trainee becoming over tired and the squad should always be stood easy when the instructor is demonstrating or explaining. The instruction and practice should be varied in order to avoid monotony.

2 Words of Command

2.1 All words of command must be clear, powerful, concise, since the manner in which they are given affects the reaction of the squad. A lazy word of command produces lazy drill.

2.2 A word of command is divided into three parts:

a. INTRODUCTORY – This tells the squad what complete movement they are about to perform. e.g. "Move to the right"

b. CAUTIONARY – The drawn out and loud reminder of the Squad. e.g. "Right"

c. EXECUTIVE – The sharp command on which the Squad acts. e.g. "Turn"

A pause is always to be made between the cautionary and executive words.

2.3 A person giving an order at the halt is to stand to attention. On the march or when marking time the executive word is to be given on the correct foot. (see Appendix B)

2.4 Instructions should be included in the cautionary phrase. For example if a movement is to be carried out BY NUMBERS as demonstrated and explained by the instructor, the words of command would be:

RIGHT TURN BY NUMBERS, SQUAD (distinctly) – pause – ONE (sharply) BY NUMBERS, SQUAD (distinctly) – pause – TWO (sharply)


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3 Timing

3.1 A drummer using a metronome may be used to beat the correct time. Cadets are to note the time carefully, after which they should call the time, the drummer tapping out the right timing at intervals as a check.

3.2 The correct timing is:

a. SLOW TIME 60 paces per minute. b. QUICK TIME 120 paces per minute; this is c. STEPPING FORWARD/BACKWARD equal to 90 m (100 yd) per d. MOVING SIDEWAYS minute. e. DOUBLE TIME 180 paces per minute; this is

equal to 182 m (200 yd) per minute.

4 Length of Pace

4.1 The length of pace in marching is :

a. STAND AT EASE 30 cm (12 in) b. MOVING SIDEWAYS 30 cm (12 in) - Max. 5 paces c. CHECKING FORWARD MOTION 38 cm (15 in) d. STEPPING SHORT 53 cm (21 in) e. SLOW MARCH 75 cm (30 in) f. QUICK MARCH 75 cm (30 in) g. STEPPING FORWARD/BACKWARD 75 cm (30 in) - Max. 5 paces h. STEPPING OUT 83 cm (33 in) i. DOUBLE MARCH 100 cm (40 in)

4.2 Nevertheless, squad commanders must be practical and must use their discretion. If cadets are unable to reach 75 cm (30 in) paces then the length of pace must be adjusted to their capability. However, the correct timing must be retained, whatever the length of pace.

5 The Sequence of Instruction

5.1 Having placed the squad in the most suitable formation and location, use the following sequence of instruction.

a. State simply the aim of the drill period - i.e. What you are going to teach. b. Always explain why it is necessary to learn the movement. c. Demonstrate the complete movement shouting out the words of

command and then demonstrate and explain the first part of the movement pointing out important details. Ask the squad after each demonstration if they have any questions.


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d. Practice the squad in the first movement, first as a squad, then individually and finally as a squad (correcting faults all the time).

e. After they have mastered it, and you the instructor are satisfied, relax the squad in the first movement then proceed to demonstrate and explain the second movement and practice the squad in it.

f. Having demonstrated, practiced and mastered both movements, checking faults, question and squad to ensure that all is clear. Finally practice the squad in all movements together, judging the time.

6 Formation of a Squad

6.1 Bear three factors in mind :

a. The comfort of the squad. Make sure they are not looking into the sun nor into the teeth of a strong wind.

b. At the commencement of a drill period, a squad will fall-in in three ranks on its right marker. If a squad is fewer than nine persons, they have to be formed up in two ranks. The drill movements are the same except that persons will march in column of twos in stead of column of threes.

c. The formation in which they will learn most quickly. Here is a small guide. (Fig. 1.1)

LESSON TEACHING FORMATION

Static Movements / Marching Movements

Straight Line * * * * * * * * * *

X Instructional Box (Three Sides of a Square)

* * * * * * * * * *

X

Saluting at the Halt

Note : X is an instructor

Three ranks, open order inclined * * * * * *

* * * * * * X * * * * * *

Fig. 1.1 Teaching Formation


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7 Parade Ground Discipline

7.1 At the commencement of any parade or drill lessons, trainees should fall in at the designed places.

7.2 Fall in three ranks and be in the position of "Stand at Ease".

7.3 On the arrival of instructor(s), the right marker of the squad, if more than one squad, the right marker of the senior squad, will stand to attention and will give the command "Parade / Squad, ATTEN – TION" and the squad will stand to attention and remain in the position of Attention until the command "STAND AT – EASE" is given by an instructor.

7.4 Slouching, talking, laughing, giggling or making funny face etc. is strictly prohibited.

7.5 Wearing of sun-glasses, watches, rings, necklaces, gloves etc. is not allowed, exposure of any pen and any other article is also prohibited while training.

7.6 Be alert-minded at all times.

7.7 Every movement is to be performed sharply and diligently.

7.8 Complete silence is to be maintained throughout the drill session or parade unless a reply is required by an instructor.

7.9 Stand to attention before answering or asking questions.

7.10 When reporting to an instructor or senior, he will halt three paces in front of the instructor or senior, salute and step one pace forward. On conclusion, step one pace backward, salute, turn about and march off.

7.11 Always look to the front except when taking up dressing or saluting to the right/left, or when demonstration is being given by the instructor to the squad.

7.12 No one will leave his position without the permission of an instructor in all circumstances.

7.13 When permission is given for the squad to adjust uniform etc. all movements should be done as quickly as possible.

7.14 Whenever an instructor or any distinguished visitor is passing by in the absence of an instructor, the right marker of the squad, or if more than one squad, the right marker of the senior squad will stand to attention and give the command "Parade/Squad, ATTEN – TION". After the instructor or the distinguished visitor has left, he will give the command "Parade/Squad, STAND AT – EASE".

7.15 After being dismissed, leave the parade ground at once.


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8 Definitions

Alignment Any straight line on which a body of men is formed, or is to form.

Column Units in parallel and successive alignments at a distance from one another equal to their own frontage.

Close Column of Flights A squadron with its flights in line on parallel and successive alignments at a fixed distance.

Close Column of Squadrons A wing with its squadrons in line on parallel and successive alignments at a fixed distance.

Close Order (three ranks) The formation of a unit or squad in three ranks, one behind the other, at a distance of one pace of 75 cm (30 in) between ranks. The ranks are termed the "front rank", "centre rank" and "rear rank", each man in the centre and rear rank covering the corresponding man in the front rank.

Close Order (two ranks) The formation of a unit or squad in two ranks, one behind the other, at a distance of two paces of 75 cm (30 in) between ranks. The ranks are termed the "front rank" and "rear rank" and each man in the rear rank covers the corresponding man in the front rank.

Column of Threes A succession of men standing side by side in threes, covering.

Column of Twos A succession of men standing side by side in twos, covering.

Column of Route A column of threes with not more than three men abreast in any part of the column, including officers and supernumeraries. The normal formation for men marching on a road.

Covering The act of covering one or more men or formed bodies to be placed directly in rear of another.

Depth The space occupied from front to rear by a body of men.

Directing Flank The flank by which units march and dress.

Direction of Unit The squadron, flight or file responsible for maintaining direction in a drill movement.

Distance The space between men or units measured from front to rear, measured from heel to heel. In the case of units it is measured from the heels of the front rank of one unit to the heels of the front rank of the next unit.

Dismiss The order to dismiss implies completion of the parade and personnel are to disperse to the next duty or off duty, as required.


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Drill The means whereby a body of men is controlled and directed efficiently, through the executive command of one man, towards the attainment of the aim.

Fall Out The order to fall out is to facilitate dispersal from formal formation, to attend to a task or to rest, prior to being required to fall in again.

File Any man of the front rank together with the man or men immediately behind him.

Flight A sub-unit, two or more of which comprise a squadron. (Equates in size approximately to a naval or army platoon).

Front The direction in which men or units are facing or moving at any given time.

Frontage The extent of ground covered laterally by a body or bodies of men.

Incline The movement by which direction is faced or gained to the front and flank simultaneously.

In File A succession of men formed up in pairs, covering.

In Single File A succession of single men formed up, covering.

Interval The lateral space between men or units on the same alignment measured between adjacent flanks.

Left File An even-number file.

Line Men or units formed on the same alignment.

Line of Squadrons in Close Column of Flights

A wing with its squadrons in close column of flights at ten paces interval between squadrons.

Marker An NCO or man placed in position to mark a point where the flank of a squad or unit is to rest.

Open Order (two ranks) The formation of a unit or squad in two ranks, one behind the other, at a distance of four paces of 75 cm (30 in) between ranks.

Open Order (three ranks) The formation of a unit or squad in three ranks, one behind the other, at a distance of three paces of 75 cm (30 in) between ranks.

Out Flank The opposite flank to the inner, or directing flank.

Parade A formation of two or more units.

Pivot Flank The flank on which unit pivots when changing direction.

Pivot Guide A guide on a pivot flank of a unit.

Rank A line of men formed up side by side.


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Review A ceremonial parade mounted for the specific purpose of honouring a particular distinguished person.

Right File An odd-number file.

Section A sub-division of a flight (especially RAF Regiment).

Squad A small body of men formed for drill or working party.

Squadron A unit consisting of two or more flights (sub-units); (equates in size approximately with a naval or army company).

Sub-unit The smallest body of men under their own officer or NCO commander, as part of a unit.

Supernumerary Rank An extra rank composed of supernumerary officer or SNCOs. The supernumerary rank of NCOs will be two paces of 75 cm (30 in) to the rear of the rear rank. That of officers will be three paces of 75 cm (30 in) in the rear of the rear rank.

To Cant To incline or tilt an object; to set at an angle.

To Dress To take up a correct alignment.

Unit A group of two or more sub-units under a commander.

Unit of Formation The expression used in drill to describe the squadron or flight on which a change of formation is based.

Wheeling A movement by which a body of men bring forward a flank on a fixed or moving pivot.

Wing A formation consisting of two or more squadrons or units (equates in size approximately with a naval division or army battalion).


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9 Bend the Knee

9.1 A particular movement in foot drill, to be described as "bend the knee", will frequently form part of a sequence.

9.2 "Bend the knee" should be demonstrated to trainees before embarking on drill training.

9.3 In "bend the knee", while one leg is kept braced back with the foot flat on the ground, the opposite leg is raised in front of the body, with the knee bent. The foot is to hang naturally, with the toes directly under the knee. The leg should be raised so that the thigh is horizontal. The leg is then to be straightened and the foot driven to the ground so that on contact the ball of the foot and heel reach the ground at the same time. The whole movement is to be completed swiftly and smoothly, but exaggerated stamping can be injurious and is to be avoided. (Figs. 1.2 & 1.3)

9.4 Nevertheless, squad commanders must be practical and must use their discretion. If any female trainee is unable to raises her thigh horizontally, then the height must be adjusted to her capability.

Fig. 1.2 Bend the Right Knee (Front View)

Fig. 1.3 Bend the Left Knee (Side View)

Hong Kong Air Cadet Corps CHAPTER TWO Drill Manual FOOT DRILL – STATIC MOVEMENTS

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CHAPTER TWO FOOT DRILL – STATIC MOVEMENTS

1 Position of Attention

1.1 Stand with the heels together with the feet turned outwards at an angle of approximately 45 degrees.

1.2 Keep the knees braced and the body erect with the weight balanced evenly between the balls of the feet and the heels.

1.3 Keep the arms straight and held to the sides with the forearms tucked in behind the hip bone and the wrists straight. Close the hands with the thumbs vertical and facing to the front and the backs of the fingers touching the thighs just on the side seam of the trousers.

1.4 The shoulders are to be held down and back to bring the chest to a normal position without straining or stiffening.

1.5 The head is held up with the neck touching the back of the collar and the eyes open, still, and looking just above his or her own height, with the chin tucked in and the mouth closed. (Figs. 2.1 & 2.2)



Fig. 2.1 Position of Attention (Front View)

Fig. 2.2 Position of Attention (Side View)



2 Stand at Ease

2.1 The command and timing for “Stand at Ease” are as follows :

Command : STAND AT – EASE Timing : ONE

The word "Ease" is very hard to shout, because of the "E" – so it is allowed to pronounce it as "AISE".

2.2 Bend the left knee with keeping the right foot still and leg braced back. In this movement while leg is raised in front of the body with the knee bent, the foot and lower leg are to hang naturally with the thigh horizontally from the ground.

2.3 Drive the left foot to the ground 12 in to the left of the right foot. The distance is measured from the centre of the right heel to the centre of the left heel.

2.4 At the same time force the arms behind the back by the shortest route, keeping them straight, place the back of the right hand in the palm of the left hand, with the right thumb crossed over the left thumb and the fingers straight and together. (Figs. 2.3, 2.4 & 2.5)

2.5 Transfer the weight of the body to the left so that it remains evenly balanced.

2.6 The movement should be completed at the timing equal to one pace in quick time. [ONE]



Fig. 2.3 Stand at Ease (Front View)

Fig. 2.4 Stand at Ease (Rear View)

Fig. 2.5 Stand at Ease (Close-Up)



3 Attention (from Stand at Ease)

3.1 The command and timing for “Attention (from Stand at Ease)” are as follows :

Command : ATTEN – TION Timing : ONE

The cautionary word of command is ATTEN– and the executive part is –TION which is pronounced SHUN.

3.2 The command is given at the completed position of Stand at Ease.

3.3 Bend the left knee with keeping the right foot still and leg braced back. In this movement while leg is raised in front of the body with the knee bent, the foot and lower leg are to hang naturally with the thigh horizontally from the ground. At the same time close the hands and force the arms from the back to the sides of the body by the shortest route.

3.4 Drive the left foot to the ground adjacent to the right foot, keeping the heels together and feet outwards at an angle of approximately 45 degrees.

3.5 Transfer the weight of the body to the centre, balanced evenly between the balls of the feet and the heels, and resume the position of Attention.

3.6 The movement should be completed at the timing equal to one pace in quick time. [ONE]



4 Stand Easy

4.1 The command and timing for “Stand Easy” are as follows :

Command : STAND – EASY

4.2 On the command, the limbs, head and body may be moved, but not the feet. If the feet are moved when in formation the dressing may be lost. Slouching, talking and unnecessary movement are not to be allowed.

4.3 Personnel standing easy are to assume the position of Stand at Ease as soon as a cautionary word of command is given, so as to be ready to carry out the next command.



5 Forward or Backward March

5.1 The command and timing for “Forward or Backward March” are as follows :

Command : FIVE PACES STEP FORWARD (or BACKWARD) – MARCH Timing : ONE * TWO * THREE * FOUR * FIVE * CHECK

5.2 A formation may be moved forward or backward a maximum of five paces. This movement is to be used only when it is necessary for cadet to be moved forward or backward a short distance onto a marker or alignment.

5.3 On the command, the formation is to move forward (or backward) the number of paces ordered, starting with the left foot. [ONE] Each pace should be 30 in, with heel (forward) or toes (backward) touching the ground first. Arms are to be kept steady at the sides throughout the movements and the whole movement is carried out in quick time (120 paces per minute). (Figs. 2.6, 2.7 & 2.8)

5.4 On final move, foot should come to bend the knee before resting beside the other. The position of Attention is then resumed. [CHECK]

5.5 During this movement and depending upon the number of paces ordered, the final move will be with either the right on odd numbers or the left on even numbers. Thus, each cadet of the formation should bend the right knees on odd numbers and bend the left knee on even numbers.

5.6 Paces forward and to the rear help to teach a cadet balance. These movements must be mastered thoroughly before any attempt is made to go on to such movements as Open or Close Order March.



Fig. 2.6 Forward March Left Foot

(Front View)

Fig. 2.7 Forward March Right Foot (Side View)

Fig. 2.8 Backward March Right Foot (Side View)



6 Left Turn at the Halt

6.1 The command and timing for “Left Turn at the Halt” are as follows :

Command : MOVE TO THE LEFT, LEFT – TURN Timing : ONE * PAUSE * TWO

6.2 First Movement. A turn is to be made to the left, through 90 degrees, on the left heel and right toes by raising the right heel and left toes; both knees are to be kept straight and the body erect. On completion of this preliminary movement the left foot is to be flat on the ground and the right heel raised, knees are to be straight and the thighs locked and the weight of the body is to be on the left foot. [ONE] (Figs. 2.9 & 2.10)

6.3 Second Movement. After a pause equal to one pace in quick time [PAUSE], bend the right knee and resume the position of Attention in the new direction. [TWO] (Figs. 2.11 & 2.12)

6.4 During all turning movements the arms are to kept close to the sides as for the position of Attention.

6.5 When a formation is at halt in column of threes (or in column of route) and a left turn is to be made, it is to change into “in line” formation. In this situation, the following command will be given–

Command : INTO LINE, LEFT – TURN

Each cadet of the formation is to turn in the direction indicated in the manner described above.



Fig. 2.9 Left Turn at the Halt First Movement

(Front View)

Fig. 2.10 Left Turn at the Halt First Movement

(Side View)

Fig. 2.11 Left Turn at the Halt Second Movement in progress

(Side View)

Fig. 2.12 Left Turn at the Halt Completed

(Front View)



7 Right Turn at the Halt

7.1 The command and timing for “Right Turn at the Halt” are as follows :

Command : MOVE TO THE RIGHT, RIGHT – TURN Timing : ONE * PAUSE * TWO

7.2 First Movement. A turn is to be made to the right, through 90 degrees, on the right heel and left toes by raising the left heel and right toes; both knees are to be kept straight and the body erect. On completion of this preliminary movement the right foot is to be flat on the ground and the left heel raised, knees are to be straight and the thighs locked and the weight of the body is to be on the right foot. [ONE] (Figs. 2.13 & 2.14)

7.3 Second Movement. After a pause equal to one pace in quick time [PAUSE], bend the left knee and resume the position of Attention in the new direction. [TWO] (Figs. 2.15 & 2.16)


7.5 When a formation is at halt in column of threes (or in column of route) and a right turn is to be made, it is to change into “in line” formation. In this situation, the following command will be given–

Command : INTO LINE, RIGHT – TURN

Each cadet of the squad is to turn in the direction indicated in the manner described above.



Fig. 2.13 Right Turn at the Halt

First Movement (Front View)

Fig. 2.14 Right Turn at the Halt First Movement

(Side View)

Fig. 2.15 Right Turn at the Halt Second Movement in progress

(Side View)

Fig. 2.16 Right Turn at the Halt Completed

(Front View)



8 About Turn at the Halt

8.1 The command and timing for “About Turn at the Halt” are as follows :

Command : ABOUT – TURN Timing : ONE * PAUSE * TWO

8.2 The About Turn is always to be made by turning to the right, unless specially detailed otherwise for certain instances. Similar to Left Turn and Right Turn, the About Turn is also carried out in two movements.

8.3 First Movement. A turn is to be made to the right, through 180 degrees, on the right heel and left toes by raising the left heel and right toes; both knees are to be kept straight and the body erect. On completion of this preliminary movement the right foot is to be flat on the ground and the left heel raised, knees are to be straight and the thighs locked and the weight of the body is to be on the right foot. [ONE] (Figs. 2.17, 2.18 & 2.19)

8.4 Second Movement. After a pause equal to one pace in quick time [PAUSE], bend the left knee and resume the position of Attention in the new direction. [TWO]




Fig. 2.17 About Turn at the Halt First Movement

(Front View)


(Side View)


(Rear View)



9 Left or Right Incline at the Halt

9.1 Similar to Left Turn and Right Turn, the Left or Right Incline is also carried out in two movements.

9.2 The command and timing for “Left Incline at the Halt” are as follows :

Command : INCLINING, LEFT IN – CLINE Timing : ONE * PAUSE * TWO

9.3 First Movement. A turn is to be made to the left, through 45 degrees, on the left heel and right toes by raising the right heel and left toes; both knees are to be kept straight and the body erect. On completion of this preliminary movement the left foot is to be flat on the ground and the right heel raised, knees are to be straight and the thighs locked and the weight of the body is to be on the left foot. [ONE] (Fig. 2.20)

9.4 Second Movement. After a pause equal to one pace in quick time [PAUSE], bend the right knee and resume the position of Attention in the new direction. [TWO]

9.5 The command and timing for “Right Incline at the Halt” are as follows :

Command : INCLINING, RIGHT IN – CLINE Timing : ONE * PAUSE * TWO

9.6 First Movement. A turn is to be made to the right, through 45 degrees, on the right heel and left toes by raising the left heel and right toes; both knees are to be kept straight and the body erect. On completion of this preliminary movement the right foot is to be flat on the ground and the left heel raised, knees are to be straight and the thighs locked and the weight of the body is to be on the right foot. [ONE] (Fig. 2.21)

9.7 Second Movement. After a pause equal to one pace in quick time [PAUSE], bend the left knee and resume the position of Attention in the new direction. [TWO]




Fig. 2.20 Left Incline at the Halt First Movement

(Front View)

Fig. 2.21 Right Incline at the Halt First Movement

(Front View)



10 To the Front Salute at the Halt

10.1 The command and timing for “To the Front Salute at the Halt” are as follows :

Command : TO THE FRONT – SALUTE Timing : UP * TWO * THREE * DOWN

10.2 First Movement. The right hand is to be brought smartly, with a circular motion, to the side of the head. The palm of the hand is to be to the front with the thumb and fingers fully extended and held closed together. The forefinger is to be placed 1 in behind and to the right of the right eye. The wrist is to be straight and the elbow in line and square with the right shoulder. [UP] (Figs. 2.22 & 2.23)

10.3 Second Movement. After a pause equal to two paces in quick time [TWO * THREE], the right arm is to be brought smartly down to the side by the shortest way, resuming the position of Attention, without striking the thigh. [DOWN]

11 To the Left or Right Salute at the Halt

11.1 The command and timing for “To the Left or Right Salute at the Halt” are as follows :

Command : TO THE LEFT (or RIGHT) – SALUTE Timing : UP * TWO * THREE * FOUR * FIVE * DOWN

11.2 First Movement. The right hand is to be brought smartly, with a circular motion, to the side of the head. At the same time, the head and eyes are to be turned sharply in the direction ordered. The palm of the hand is to be to the front with the thumb and fingers fully extended and held closed together. The forefinger is to be placed 1 in behind and to the right of the right eye. The wrist is to be straight and the elbow in line and square with the right shoulder. [UP] (Figs. 2.24 & 2.25)

11.3 Second Movement. After a pause equal to four paces in quick time [TWO * THREE * FOUR * FIVE], the right arm is to be brought smartly down to the side by the shortest way and at the same time the head and eyes are returned to the front, resuming the position of Attention, without striking the thigh. [DOWN]



Fig. 2.22 To the Front Salute at the Halt First Movement

(Front View)

Fig. 2.23 To the Front Salute at the Halt First Movement

(Side View)

Fig. 2.24 To the Left Salute at the Halt First Movement

(Front View)

Fig. 2.25 To the Right Salute at the Halt First Movement

(Front View)



12 Left or Right Close March

12.1 The command and timing for “Left or Right Close March” are as follows :

Command : FIVE PACES, LEFT (or RIGHT) CLOSE – MARCH Timing : ONE * CHECK * TWO * CHECK * THREE * CHECK *

FOUR * CHECK * FIVE * CHECK

12.2 On the command, the left (or right) foot is to be placed 12 in to the left (or right) [ONE] and the other foot is then brought up to it [CHECK]. Each knee is to be bent sufficiently and the thigh is to raised horizontally. (Figs. 2.26 & 2.27)

12.3 The necessary number of paces is to be completed in this manner without a pause. Shoulders are to be kept square to the front and arms are held steady at the sides. The whole movement should be carried out in quick time (120 paces per minute).

12.4 A formation may be moved sideways a maximum of five paces. This movement is to be used only when it is necessary for personnel to be moved to the left or right to adjust over a short distance to a given point or marker.



Fig. 2.26 Right Close March First Movement in progress

(Front View)

Fig. 2.27 Right Close March First Movement

(Front View)



13 Adjust on Parade

13.1 A cadet told to adjust equipment or uniform during an inspection on parade is not to do so whilst in the position of Attention, but is to place the right foot 12 in to the rear before making the necessary adjustments. (Figs. 2.28 & 2.29) After adjustments, the position of Attention is resumed by bringing the right foot forward.



Fig. 2.28 Adjust on Parade (Front View)

Fig. 2.29 Adjust on Parade (Side View)

Hong Kong Air Cadet Corps CHAPTER THREE Drill Manual FOOTDRILL – MARCHING MOVEMENTS


CHAPTER THREE FOOT DRILL – MARCHING MOVEMENTS

1 Quick March

1.1 The command and timing for “Quick March” are as follows :

Command : QUICK – MARCH Timing : LEFT * RIGHT * LEFT ……

1.2 The left foot is to be advanced evenly to complete a pace of 30 in. The foot is to meet the ground with the heel. During this movement the rear knee is to be braced.

1.3 The arms are to be as straight as their natural bend will allow; the wrists are to be straight; and the fingers are to be slightly clenched with the thumb to the front, on top and touching the forefinger. The right arm is to swing forward in line with the shoulder and the left arm is to swing to the rear as far as possible without contorting the body. [LEFT]

1.4 The forward movement is to be continued in quick time (120 paces per min.). The legs are to swing forward freely and naturally from the hip. Each leg as it swings forward is to be bent sufficiently at the knee to enable the foot to clear the ground. [RIGHT * LEFT * ……] (Figs. 3.1, 3.2 &3.3)

1.5 A squad commander is to indicate the directing flank in the cautionary part of the words of command when giving the command.

e.g. BY THE LEFT / RIGHT / CENTRE, QUICK – MARCH



Fig. 3.1 Quick March Left Foot

(Front View)

Fig. 3.2 Quick March Left Foot

(Side View)

Fig. 3.3 Quick March Right Foot (Side View)



2 Halt from Quick March

2.1 The command and timing for “Halt from Quick March” are as follows :

Command : SQUAD – HALT Timing : ONE * ONE * TWO

2.2 The command is to be given on left heel. A pace is to be completed with the right foot [ONE] (Fig. 3.4), reversing the arm swing; the next pace, of only 15 in by the left foot, is to be used to check the forward motion [ONE] (Fig. 3.5), after which bend the right knee and place the right foot smartly down in line with the left; at the same time, the arms are to be brought to the sides to resume the position of Attention. [TWO] (Figs. 3.6 & 3.7)

2.3 The 2nd and 3rd movements should be completed at the timing equal to one pace in quick time.



Fig. 3.4 Halt from Quick March First Movement – ONE

(Side View)

Fig. 3.5 Halt from Quick March Second Movement – ONE

(Side View)

Fig. 3.6 Halt from Quick March Third Movement in progress

(Side View)

Fig. 3.7 Halt from Quick March Third Movement – TWO

(Side View)



3 Mark Time

3.1 “Mark Time” can be done when halted or when on quick march.

3.2 The command and timing for “Mark Time” when halted are as follows :

Command : MARK – TIME Timing : LEFT * RIGHT * LEFT ……

3.3 The command is to be given when the squad is in the position of Attention. On the command, each cadet is to mark time in quick time (120 paces per min.) starting with the left foot. [LEFT] When marking time, each foot is to be raised and meet on the ground with the ball of the foot alternately without moving forward or backward. [RIGHT * LEFT ……] Each foot is to be raised by bending the knee. The arms are to be kept steady at the side of the body during this movement.

3.4 The command and timing for “Mark Time” when on quick march are as follows :

Command : MARK – TIME Timing : ONE * ONE * RIGHT * LEFT * RIGHT ……

3.5 The command is to be given on left heel. The pace is to be completed with the right foot [ONE]; the next pace with the left foot is to be used to check the forward motion (15 in) [ONE] and the marking time is to commence with the right foot. [RIGHT * LEFT * RIGHT ……]

4 Halt and Forward from Mark Time

4.1 The command and timing for “Halt from Mark Time” are as follows :

Command : HALT Timing : ONE

4.2 The command is to be given on left foot. The right foot is to be brought smartly down into position beside the left to resume the position of Attention. [ONE]

4.3 The command and timing for “Forward from Mark Time” are as follows :

Command : FOR – WARD Timing : CHECK * FORWARD

4.4 The command is to be given on left foot. The movement of the right foot is to be completed [CHECK] and the quick march resumed, starting with the left foot. [FORWARD]



5 To the Front Salute on the March

5.1 The command and timing for “To the Front Salute on the March” are as follows :

Command : TO THE FRONT – SALUTE Timing : ONE * ONE * TWO * PAUSE *

UP * TWO * THREE * DOWN * ONE * TWO * THREE * FOUR * UP * TWO * THREE * DOWN * PAUSE * ONE * PAUSE * TWO * PAUSE * FORWARD

5.2 The command is to be given on left heel. Cadets are to halt [ONE * ONE * TWO], observe a pause equal to one pace in quick time (half a second) [PAUSE] and then salute to the front. [UP * TWO * THREE * DOWN]

5.3 After completing the salute, cadets are to observe a pause equal to four paces in quick time (two seconds) [ONE * TWO * THREE * FOUR] and then salute for the second time. [UP * TWO * THREE * DOWN]

5.4 After the second salute cadets are to observe a pause equal to one pace in quick time (half a second) [PAUSE], turn about [ONE * PAUSE * TWO], observe another pause equal to one pace in quick time (half a second) [PAUSE] and then start marching, starting with the left foot. [FORWARD]

5.5 On the march, saluting to the front accustoms cadets to approach officers correctly. The timing between the two salutes given on these occasions represents the delivery or receipt of a message.



6 An Officer Passing Your Front Salute on the March

6.1 The command and timing for “An Officer Passing Your Front Salute on the March” are as follows :

Command : AN OFFICER PASSING YOUR FRONT – SALUTE Timing : CHECK * UP * TWO * THREE * FOUR * FIVE * DOWN *

SWING

6.2 The command is to be given on left heel. A full forward pace with the right foot is to be completed and arms checked to the side. [CHECK] (Fig. 3.8)

6.3 When the left foot again touches the ground the salute is to be given. [UP] (Fig. 3.9)

6.4 After marching four paces at the salute [TWO * THREE * FOUR * FIVE], the right arm is to be brought to the side as the right foot comes to the ground. [DOWN] During the salute the left arm is to be kept steady at the side.

6.5 The normal arm swing is to be resumed as the next forward pace is taken with the left foot. [SWING]

6.6 This salute accustoms cadet to salute correctly when officer(s) is/are crossing their line of approach.



Fig. 3.8 An Officer Passing Your Front Salute First Movement – CHECK

(Front View)

Fig. 3.9 An Officer Passing Your Front Salute Second Movement – UP

(Front View)



7 To the Left or Right Salute on the March

7.1 The command and timing for “To the Left or Right Salute on the March” are as follows :

Command : TO THE LEFT (or RIGHT) – SALUTE Timing : CHECK * UP * TWO * THREE * FOUR * FIVE * DOWN *

SWING

7.2 The command is to be given on left heel. A full forward pace with the right foot is to be completed and arms checked to the side. [CHECK] (Fig. 3.10)

7.3 When the left foot again touches the ground, the head is to be turned smartly in the direction ordered and the salute is to be given. [UP] (Figs. 3.11 & 3.12)

7.4 After marching four paces at the salute [TWO * THREE * FOUR * FIVE], the right arm is to be brought to the side and the head turned to the front as the right foot comes to the ground. [DOWN] During the salute the left arm is to be kept steady at the side.

7.5 The normal arm swing is to be resumed as the next forward pace is taken with the left foot. [SWING]

7.6 On the march, this salute accustoms individual cadet or small group of cadets to salute officers correctly when passing them.



Fig. 3.10 To the Left or Right Salute on the March First Movement – CHECK

(Front View)

Fig. 3.11 To the Left Salute on the March Second Movement – UP

(Side View)

Fig. 12 To the Right Salute on the March Second Movement – UP

(Side View)



8 Eyes Left or Right on the March

8.1 The movement “Eyes Left or Right on the March” comprises of two parts. The command and timing for the first part are as follows :

Command : BY THE LEFT (or RIGHT), EYES – LEFT (or RIGHT) Timing : CHECK * TURN

8.2 The command is to be given on left heel. A full forward pace is to be completed with the right foot [CHECK], and when the left heel again strikes the ground the head and eyes are to be turned smartly in the direction ordered. [TURN] The arms are to be continued to swing in the normal manner.

8.3 The command and timing for the second part are as follows :

Command : EYES – FRONT Timing : CHECK * TURN

8.4 The command is to be given on left heel. A full forward pace is to be completed with the right foot [CHECK], the head and eyes are to be returned smartly to the front as the left heel next strikes the ground. [TURN] (Figs. 3.13 & 3.14) The arms are to be continued to swing in the normal manner.

8.5 When marching as a squad under command, cadets in the squad are required to pay compliments by turning the head and eyes to the right or left. Officer’s or NCO's in command on the march, requiring to salute as a unit, are to give their orders on the successive left foot steps (and to co-ordinate their own salutes) so that smooth action results.

8.6 The marker in the directing flank is not required to turn his or her head during the movement “Eyes Left or Right on the March”. This allows the marker to maintain the direction of marching.



Fig. 3.13 Eyes Left on the March Second Movement – TURN

(Front View)

Fig. 3.14 Eyes Right on the March Second Movement – TURN

(Front View)



9 Left or Right Wheel on the March

9.1 The command and timing for “Left or Right Wheel on the March” are as follows :

Command : CHANGE DIRECTION, LEFT (or RIGHT) – WHEEL Timing : CHECK * UP * TWO * THREE * FOUR * FIVE * DOWN

9.2 Wheeling is a method by which a body of men with a frontage of not more than six ranks or files, may change direction, whilst retaining dressing within these ranks or files.

9.3 The command is to be given on left heel. The inner file of the squad is turn to move around on the arc of a circle [radius 1.4 m (4 ft.)] and step short six paces of 30 cm (12 in) to enable the other two persons of the file to wheel with him / her. The outer and centre files are to keep pace by stepping out. The squad changes direction through 90 degrees by lengthening their paces; without losing their interval or dressing. Those behind the leading rank or file will follow on covering the same ground. When wheeling, the arms are to be kept on swinging. A squad marching forward in column “wheels” to the left (or right) to change direction in which case each member of the formation wheels when he reaches the appropriate position. (Fig. 3.15)

9.4 If it is desired to wheel through more than a right angle, the word of command "LEFT (or RIGHT) – WHEEL" will be given a second time.

9.5 When a squad is required to wheel at an angle less than a complete right or left wheel, the following command will be given when the leading line of three is facing in the required direction:

Command : FOR – WARD

9.6 When a squad is ordered to halt or mark time and only part of it has wheeled in the new direction, the following command is to be given :

Command : REAR FILES – COVER

The lines of three which have not wheeled are to cover those lines of three that have wheeled and are to move to their places by the shortest route.



Fig. 3.15 Illustration of Right Wheel on the March

Inside cadet steps short 6paces on circular arc ofradius 4 feet.

On Right Wheel directing flank is by the right. On Left Wheel directing flank is by the left.

This cadet should move across to the directing file



10 Left Turn on the March

10.1 The command and timing for “Left Turn on the March” (Fig. 3.16) are as follows :

Command : MOVE TO THE LEFT, LEFT – TURN Timing : CHECK * TURN * FORWARD

10.2 The command is to be given on right heel. A full forward pace is to be completed with the left foot and the arms are to be checked into the side of the body. [CHECK]

10.3 A turn to the left is to be made by bending the right knee, turning the right foot diagonally to the left and placing it on the ground with hallow about 3 in in front of the left toe. The weight of the body is to be transferred to the right foot and the body turned to the left through 90 degrees. The arms are to be kept steady at the sides during the actual turn on the foot. [TURN] (Fig. 3.17)

10.4 Marching, with normal arm swinging, is to continue in the new direction in quick time, starting on the left foot. [FORWARD] (Fig. 3.18)

10.5 The command above is to be given when a squad is marching in line, and the squad will become in column of threes after the turn. When a squad marching in column of threes and a left turn is to be made, it is to change into “in line” formation. In this situation, the following command will be given–

Command : INTO LINE, LEFT – TURN


Fig. 3.16 Illustration of Left Turn and Left Wheel on the March

A squad marching forward in column “wheels”to the left to change direction in which caseeach member of the formation wheels whenreaching the appropriate position.

A squad marching forward in line can move tothe left in column in which case each memberof the formation TURNS to the left on theorder.



Fig. 3.17 Left Turn on the March Second Movement – TURN

(Side View)

Fig. 3.18 Left Turn on the March Third Movement – FORWARD

(Front View)



11 Right Turn on the March

11.1 The command and timing for “Right Turn on the March” (Fig. 3.19) are as follows :

Command : MOVE TO THE RIGHT, RIGHT – TURN Timing : CHECK * TURN * FORWARD

11.2 The command is to be given on left heel. A full forward pace is to be completed with the right foot and the arms are to be checked into the side of the body. [CHECK]

11.3 A turn to the right is to be made by bending the left knee, turning the left foot diagonally to the right and placing it on the ground with hallow about 3 in in front of the right toe. The weight of the body is to be transferred to the left foot and the body turned to the right through 90 degrees. The arms are to be kept steady at the sides during the actual turn on the foot. [TURN] (Fig. 3.20)

11.4 Marching, with normal arm swinging, is to continue in the new direction in quick time, starting on the right foot. [FORWARD] (Fig. 3.21)

11.5 The command above is to be given when a squad is marching in line, and the squad will become in column of threes after the turn. When a squad marching in column of threes and a right turn is to be made, it is to change into “in line” formation. In this situation, the following command will be given–

Command : INTO LINE, RIGHT – TURN


Fig. 3.19 Illustration of Right Turn and Right Wheel on the March

A squad marching forward in column “wheels”to the right to change direction in which caseeach member of the formation wheels whenreaching the appropriate position.

A squad marching forward in line can move tothe right in column in which case eachmember of the formation TURNS to the righton the order.



Fig. 3.20 Right Turn on the March Second Movement – TURN

(Side View)

Fig. 3.21 Right Turn on the March Third Movement – FORWARD

(Front View)



12 Left or Right Incline on the March

12.1 The command and timing for “Left Incline on the March” are as follows :

Command : INCLINING, LEFT IN – CLINE Timing : CHECK * TURN * FORWARD

12.2 The command is to be given on right heel. A full forward pace is to be completed with the right foot and the arms are to be checked into the side of the body. [CHECK]

12.3 A turn to the left is to be made by bending the right knee, turning the right foot diagonally to the left and placing it on the ground with hallow about 3 in in front of the left toe. The weight of the body is to be transferred to the right foot and the body turned to the left through 45 degrees. The arms are to be kept steady at the sides during the actual turn on the foot. [TURN]

12.4 Marching, with normal arm swinging, is to continue in the new direction in quick time, starting on the left foot. [FORWARD]

12.5 The command and timing for “Right Incline on the March” are as follows :

Command : INCLINING, RIGHT IN – CLINE Timing : CHECK * TURN * FORWARD


12.7 A turn to the right is to be made by bending the left knee, turning the left foot diagonally to the right and placing it on the ground with hallow about 3 in in front of the right toe. The weight of the body is to be transferred to the left foot and the body turned to the right through 45 degrees. The arms are to be kept steady at the sides during the actual turn on the foot. [TURN]

12.8 Marching, with normal arm swinging, is to continue in the new direction in quick time, starting on the right foot. [FORWARD]



This page is intentionally left blank.



13 About Turn on the March

13.1 The command and timing for “About Turn on the March” are as follows :

Command : ABOUT – TURN Timing : CHECK * T * L * V * FORWARD


13.3 A turn to the right is to be made by bending the left knee, turning the left foot diagonally to the right and placing it on the ground with hallow about 3 in in front of the right toe. The weight of the body is to be transferred to the left foot and the body turned to the right through around 60 degrees. The arms are to be kept steady at the sides during the actual turn on the foot. [T] (Fig. 3.22)

13.4 A further right turn is to be made by bending the right knee and placing the right foot on the ground with heel about 3 in beside the left heel, with the feet forming a “L” shape. The weight of the body is to be transferred to the right foot and the body turned to the right through a further 60 degrees. The arms are to be kept steady at the sides during the actual turn on the foot. [L] (Fig. 3.23)

13.5 The turn is to be finished by bending the left knee again and placing the left foot on the ground with heel closed to the right heel. The weight of the body is to be transferred to the left foot again and the body turned to the right through a further 60 degrees. The arms are to be kept steady at the sides during the actual turn on the foot. [V] (Fig. 3.24)

13.6 Marching, with normal arm swinging, is to continue in the new direction in quick time, starting on the right foot. [FORWARD] (Fig. 3.25)



Fig. 3.22 About Turn on the March Second Movement – T

(Side View)

Fig. 3.23 About Turn on the March Third Movement – L

(Side View)

Fig. 3.24 About Turn on the March Fourth Movement – V

(Side View)

Fig. 3.25 About Turn on the March Fifth Movement – FORWARD

(Side View)



14 Change Step

14.1 The command for “Change Step” is to be given when marking time or marching in quick time.

14.2 The command and timing for “Change Step when Marking Time” are as follows :

Command : CHANGE – STEP Timing : RIGHT * RIGHT * LEFT

14.3 The command is to be given on left foot. Two successive movements are to be completed with the right foot [RIGHT * RIGHT]; marking time is then restarted with the left foot. [LEFT] The movements are to be completed in quick time.

14.4 The command and timing for “Change Step on the March” are as follows :

Command : CHANGE – STEP Timing : LEFT * CHECK * LEFT

14.5 The command is to be given on right heel. A further step is to be completed with the left foot [LEFT] (Fig. 3.26) and the hollow of the instep of the right foot is to be shot to the heel of the left foot, and checking the arms into the side of the body, causing a momentary pause in forward motion. [CHECK] (Figs. 3.27 & 3.28) The left foot is then to be shot forward resuming the arms swing. [LEFT] (Fig. 3.29)

14.6 In order to change the step without losing the timing, the second and third movements [CHECK * LEFT] are to be completed at the timing equal to one pace in quick time.



Fig. 3.26 Change Step on the March First Movement – LEFT

(Side View)

Fig. 3.27 Change Step on the March Second Movement – CHECK

(Side View)

Fig. 3.28 Change Step on the March Second Movement – CHECK

(Front View)

Fig. 3.29 Change Step on the March Third Movement – LEFT

(Side View)



15 Step Out or Short on the March

15.1 The movement “Step Out on the March” is used when a slight increase in speed is required without altering the time, which comprises of two parts. The command and timing for the first part are as follows :

Command : STEP – OUT Timing : STEP * OUT

15.2 The command is to be given on left heel. A further pace of 30 in is to be completed with the right foot [STEP] (Fig. 3.30), after which the pace is to be lengthened to 33 in starting with the left foot [OUT] (Fig. 3.31), without altering the timing of quick march. The pacing is to be maintained until further command is given.


Command : QUICK – MARCH Timing : QUICK * MARCH

15.4 The command is to be given on left heel. A further pace of 33 in is to be completed with the right foot [QUICK], after which the pace is to be shortened to the normal distance of 30 in [MARCH] starting with the left foot, without altering the timing of quick march. The pacing is to be maintained until further command is given.

15.5 The movement “Step Short on the March” is used when a slight decrease in speed is required without altering the time, which comprises of two parts. The command and timing for the first part are as follows :

Command : STEP – SHORT Timing : STEP * SHORT

15.6 The command is to be given on left heel. A further pace of 30 in is to be completed with the right foot [STEP] (Fig. 3.32), after which the pace is to be shortened to 21 in starting with the left foot [SHORT] (Fig. 3.33), without altering the timing of quick march. The pacing is to be maintained until further command is given.


Command : QUICK – MARCH Timing : QUICK * MARCH

15.8 The command is to be given on left heel. A further pace of 21 in is to be completed with the right foot [QUICK], after which the pace is to be lengthened to the normal distance of 30 in [MARCH] starting with the left foot, without altering the timing of quick march. The pacing is to be maintained until further command is given.



Fig. 3.30 Step Out on the March First Movement – STEP

(Side View)

Fig. 3.31 Step Out on the March Second Movement – OUT

(Side View)

Fig. 3.32 Step Short on the March First Movement – STEP

(Side View)

Fig. 3.33 Step Short on the March Second Movement – SHORT

(Side View)



16 Slow March and Halt from Slow March

16.1 The command and timing for “Slow March” are as follows :

Command : SLOW – MARCH Timing : LEFT * RIGHT * LEFT ……

16.2 The command is to be given when standing in the position of Attention. The left foot is to be advanced evenly but slowly to complete a pace of 30 in (measured from toes to toes) in one second, with the ball of the foot touching the ground first. The weight of the body is to be transferred to the left foot to maintain the balance. During the movement, the foot is to be turned outward at the same angle as when halted, with the foot stretched and the toes pointed towards the ground. The arms and hands are to be kept steady at the sides. [LEFT] (Figs. 3.34 & 3.35)

16.3 Without a pause, similar pace is to be taken with the right foot [RIGHT] (Figs. 3.36 & 3.37) and the forward movement continued in slow time and so on in succession. [LEFT* RIGHT * ……] The body is to be well balanced over the thighs. Each leg, as it swings forward, is to be bent sufficiently at the knee to enable the foot to clear the ground.

16.4 The whole process is to be a smooth continuous succession of movements. Any tendency to jerk rigidly between paces is to be avoided.

16.5 The command and timing for “Halt from Slow March” are as follows :

Command : SQUAD – HALT Timing : ONE * TWO

16.6 The command is to be given on right foot. A forward pace of 15 in is taken with the left foot in slow time and used to check the forward motion. [LEFT] Bend the right knee and the right foot is then to be stopped smartly in line with the left foot in quick time and all movement finishes at the position of Attention. [TWO]



Fig. 3.34 Slow March Left Foot in progress

(Side View)

Fig. 3.35 Slow March Left Foot – Completed

(Side View)

Fig. 3.36 Slow March Right Foot in progress

(Side View)

Fig. 3.37 Slow March Right Foot – Completed

(Side View)



17 Double March

17.1 The command and timing for “Double March” are as follows :

Command : DOUBLE – MARCH Timing : LEFT * RIGHT * LEFT ……

17.2 The command is to be given when standing in the position of Attention. Step off with the left foot on a pace of 40 in in 1/3rd of a second (180 paces per minute). The foot is to meet the ground on the toes.

17.3 With the body inclined slightly forward, but maintaining the correct carriage as at Attention. The arms are to be bent at the elbow, the forearm forming an angle of about 90 degrees with the upper arm.

17.4 The double march is a march on the toes with easy swinging strides. The feet are raised a few inches from the ground during each pace, and the thigh, knee and ankle joints are to work freely without stiffness. The whole body is to be carried forward without unnecessary effort, by a push from the rear foot. The shoulders are to be kept steady and square to the front. The head is to be erect. (Figs. 3.38 & 3.39)



Fig. 3.38 Double March Left Foot in progress

(Side View)

Fig. 3.39 Double March Right Foot in progress

(Side View)



18 Variation in Time

18.1 Most types of march begin from and end with the halt but there are variations in which slow march can be changed into quick march and quick march into double march and versa on the commands as follows :

Words of Command Time When Executive Command is given

BREAK INTO DOUBLE TIME, DOUBLE – MARCH

From Quick Time to Double Time

When the right heel strikes the ground.

BREAK INTO QUICK TIME, QUICK – MARCH

From Double Time to Quick Time

When the right foot strikes the ground. Checked into two paces. The first pace in quick time begins on the left heel.

BREAK INTO QUICK TIME, QUICK – MARCH

From Slow Time to Quick Time

When the right foot strikes the ground.

BREAK INTO SLOW TIME, SLOW – MARCH

From Quick Time to Slow Time

When the left heel strikes the ground.



19 Advance and Retire in Review Order

19.1 Line is the basic formation in Ceremonial Drill. At the conclusion of large ceremonial parades normally an Advance in Review Order takes place. The whole parade marches forward straight to the front, halting on the 14.5 paces. The next command will in all cases be the compliment of a "General Salute". Before carrying out this movement, the parade must be properly "dressed". When marching, the "Dressing" will be kept by the centre flight in each column.

19.2 The parade in "Close Order" formation will be formed up in columns in the direction facing the saluting dais. The command and timing for “Advance in Review Order” are as follows :

Command : PARADE WILL ADVANCE IN REVIEW ORDER, BY THE CENTRE, QUICK – MARCH

Timing : 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5 * 6 * 7 * 8 * 9 * 10 * 11 * 12 * HALT * ONE * ONE * TWO

19.3 During the rehearsal, the Retire will be given when advance in line is not successful. Firstly, order all flights to turn about from facing the dais and order "Parade will Retire", i.e. all flights march 14.5 paces and back to their original position. Then, order the parade to face to the dais again. The command and timing for “Retire in Review Order” are as follows :

Command : PARADE WILL RETIRE IN REVIEW ORDER, BY THE CENTRE, QUICK – MARCH

Timing : 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5 * 6 * 7 * 8 * 9 * 10 * 11 * 12 * HALT * ONE * ONE * TWO

Hong Kong Air Cadet Corps CHAPTER FOUR Drill Manual SQUAD DRILL


CHAPTER FOUR SQUAD DRILL

1 Right Dress

1.1 The movement “Right Dress” comprises of two parts. The command and timing for the first part are as follows :

Command : SQUAD, RIGHT – DRESS Timing : UP * PAUSE * DRESSING

1.2 Each cadet, except the right-hand cadet of each rank, is to turn his head and eyes smartly to the right. Cadets in the front rank are to raise their right arms without bending the elbows, and make it horizontally, hand clenched, the backs of the hands upward with the knuckles touching the cadet immediately on their right. [UP] (Fig. 4.1)

1.3 After this movement there is to be a pause equal to one pace in quick time (half a second) [PAUSE] and then each cadet is to take up his dressing in line by moving with short quick paces until he is able to see the lower part of the face of the second man beyond him. The shoulders are to be kept square to the front without bending the body or head forward or backward. [DRESSING]

1.4 Cadets in the centre and rear ranks are to cover those in the front rank at one pace (heel-to-heel) distance, this distance being measured by the right-hand cadet of the centre and rear ranks, who at the same time as the first file, also raise their right arms horizontally during the first movement, hand clenched, the backs of the hands upward and square to the front. (Fig. 4.2)


Command : EYES – FRONT Timing : ONE

1.6 Each cadet, except the right-hand cadet of each rank, is to turn his head smartly to the front. All those with raised arms are to bring their arms smartly to their sides without bending their elbows or striking their thighs, thereby resuming the correct position of Attention. [ONE]

1.7 Dressing is made without intervals when space is limited when, say, an address is to be given or on some other special occasions. The command of “Right Dress” becomes–

Command : WITHOUT INTERVALS, RIGHT – DRESS

1.8 The general procedure is the same as given as the Right Dress, except that the arms of the front rank are not to be fully extended. Instead, the clenched hand is to be rested on the person's own right hip at belt level, with the back of the hand towards the body, thumb to the rear. The bent elbow is to just touch the left arm of the person to the right. (Fig. 4.3)



Fig. 4.1 Right Dress Front Rank – First Movement

(Front View)

Fig. 4.2 Right Dress First File – First Movement

(Side View)

Fig. 4.3 Without Intervals, Right Dress Front Rank – First Movement

(Front View)



2 Left Dress

2.1 The movement “Left Dress” comprises of two parts. The command and timing for the first part are as follows :

Command : SQUAD, LEFT – DRESS Timing : UP * PAUSE * DRESSING

2.2 Each cadet, except the left-hand cadet of each rank, is to turn his head and eyes smartly to the left. Cadets in the front rank are to raise their left arms without bending the elbows, and make it horizontally, hand clenched, the backs of the hands upward with the knuckles touching the cadet immediately on their left. [UP] (Fig. 4.4)

2.3 After this movement there is to be a pause equal to one pace in quick time (half a second) [PAUSE] and then each cadet is to take up his dressing in line by moving with short quick paces until he is able to see the lower part of the face of the second man beyond him. The shoulders are to be kept square to the front without bending the body or head forward or backward. [DRESSING]

2.4 Cadets in the centre and rear ranks are to cover those in the front rank at one pace (heel-to-heel) distance, this distance being measured by the left-hand cadet of the centre and rear ranks, who at the same time as the last file, also raise their left arms horizontally during the first movement, hand clenched, the backs of the hands upward and square to the front.


Command : EYES – FRONT Timing : ONE

2.6 Each cadet, except the left-hand cadet of each rank, is to turn his head smartly to the front. All those with raised arms are to bring their arms smartly to their sides without bending their elbows or striking their thighs, thereby resuming the correct position of Attention. [ONE]

2.7 Dressing is made without intervals when space is limited when, say, an address is to be given or on some other special occasions. The command of “Left Dress” becomes–

Command : WITHOUT INTERVALS, LEFT – DRESS

2.8 The general procedure is the same as given as the Left Dress, except that the arms of the front rank are not to be fully extended. Instead, the clenched hand is to be rested on the person's own left hip at belt level, with the back of the hand towards the body, thumb to the rear. The bent elbow is to just touch the right arm of the person to the left.



Fig. 4.4 Left Dress Front Rank – First Movement

(Front View)



3 Open or Close Order March

3.1 The command and timing for “Open Order March” are as follows :

Command : OPEN (or CLOSE) ORDER – MARCH Timing : ONE * ONE * TWO

3.2 For “Open Order March”, the centre rank stands still, the front rank takes two paces forward and the rear rank takes two paces backward. [ONE * ONE]

3.3 For “Close Order March”, the centre rank stands still, the front rank takes two paces backward and the rear rank takes two paces forward. [ONE * ONE]

3.4 On final move, bend the left knee and resume the position of Attention. [TWO]

3.5 The descriptions above are for the formation with three ranks. When in two ranks, only the front rank moves on each occasion.

4 Fall In

4.1 The command and timing for “Fall In” are as follows :

Command : FALL – IN

4.2 A squad is always to be formed in three ranks, unless specially detailed otherwise.

4.3 On the command, the first three cadets are to form up the first file in front of the commander, with the right marker standing 3 paces in front of and facing the commander, whilst the other two standing behind the right marker at distances of 1 pace and 2 paces respectively. The remaining cadets are then formed up files on the left of the first file, maintaining the files at an interval approximately equal to the length of the right arm of the cadet in the front rank. Once formed up, cadets should stand in the position of Attention. The commander then takes a Right Turn, march to the centre of the squad, takes a Left Turn and dress the squad.

4.4 If there are less than nine cadets but more than three cadets, the squad is to be formed in two ranks. Procedures similar to those described above are to be taken, except that the distance between ranks becomes 2 paces instead of 1 pace. If there are three or less cadets, the squad is to be formed in one single rank only.

4.5 Blank File. When the number of cadets is not sufficient to fill up all files in a squad, blank file are to be taken so as to maintain the completeness of directing flanks and files during maneuvering. In general, cadets are to fill up all the position in the front rank, first file, last file and, where appropriate, rear rank.

4.6 For a squad of three ranks and short of two cadets, the second and last positions in the second last file will leave blank. For short of one cadet, the



second position in the second last file will leave blank.

4.7 For a squad of two ranks and short of one cadet, the last position in the third last file will leave blank.

4.8 Blank file may be achieved by Right or Left Dress. (Fig. 4.5)

6 12 13 7 1 4 10 15 9 3 2 8 14 11 5

Normal Case – No.1 is the tallest; No.15 is the shortest

6 10 13 7 1 4 14 9 3 2 8 12 11 5

Blank File – Short of One Cadet

6 8 13 7 1 4 12 9 3 2 10 11 5

Blank File – Short of Two Cadets

Fig. 4.5 Blank File



5 Fall Out, Dismiss and Officer on Parade Dismiss

5.1 The command and timing for “Fall Out” are as follows :

Command : FALL – OUT Timing : ONE * PAUSE * TWO * PAUSE * FORWARD

5.2 On the command, the personnel make a Right Incline [ONE * PAUSE * TWO], and after a pause equal to one pace in quick time [PAUSE], march off individually to where they have been instructed to go. [FORWARD]

5.3 The order to Fall Out is to facilitate dispersal from formal formation, to attend to a task or to rest, prior to being required to fall in again.

5.4 The command and timing for “Dismiss” are as follows :

Command : DIS – MISS Timing : ONE * PAUSE * TWO * PAUSE * FORWARD

5.5 The same action is to be taken as Fall Out.

5.6 The command and timing for “Officer on Parade Dismiss” are as follows :

Command : OFFICER ON PARADE, DIS – MISS Timing : ONE * PAUSE * TWO * PAUSE * UP * TWO * THREE *

DOWN * PAUSE * FORWARD

5.7 On the command, the personnel make a Right Incline [ONE * PAUSE * TWO], and after a pause equal to one pace in quick time [PAUSE], salute to the front [UP * TWO * THREE * DOWN]. After a further pause equal to one pace in quick time [PAUSE], march off individually. [FORWARD]

5.8 The order to Dismiss or Officer on Parade Dismiss is to dismiss the personnel from the parade ground after routine meeting, activity or ceremonial.



6 Sizing

6.1 The procedures of Sizing can be broken down into Six Steps

6.2 Step One. Appoint Right Marker.

Command : (RANK) (NAME) AS - MARKER

The squad commander selects the tallest cadet in the squad as Right Marker. The command is to be given when the squad is in the position of Stand at Ease. On the command, the appointed cadet takes one pace backward, makes a right turn, march and halt one pace in front of the squad commander, and then stand at ease.

6.3 Step Two. Break the squad to form single rank.

Command : SQUAD, ATTEN – TION TALLEST ON THE RIGHT, SHORTEST ON THE LEFT, IN SINGLE RANK – SIZE

The squad first comes to the position of Attention. All cadets, except the appointed Right Marker who has already come out, are to make a left turn immediately, break ranks and fall in, in single rank, according to size from tall to short, on the left of the selected cadet, without interval.

6.4 Step Three. Number the cadets.

Command : SQUAD – NUMBER

Cadets, except the Right Marker, are to turn their head and eyes smartly to the right upon the command "SQUAD". On the command "NUMBER", the Right Marker is to start the numbering by calling out "ONE", the next cadet on his left is to turn his head to the front whilst calling out "TWO" and so on. The last one finishes the numbering by addressing the squad commander (for example, "SIR", "Ma'am", "Corporal", etc.).

6.5 Step Four. Form two ranks.

Command : ODD NUMBERS STAND FAST, EVEN NUMBERS, TWO PACES STEP BACKWARD – MARCH

The odd numbers are to stand fast and the even numbers are to take two paces backward, such that the appointed Right Marker can stand still on the right of the front rank.

6.6 Step Five. Turn to Left and Right.

Command : NUMBER ONE STAND FAST, RANKS, RIGHT AND LEFT – TURN

The odd numbers, with the exception of Number One, are to turn to the right and the even numbers are to turn to the left.



6.7 Step Six. Step off to form squad.

Command : FORM SQUAD, QUICK – MARCH

Cadets, with the exception of Number One, are to step off, the even numbers wheeling to the right and following the left-hand cadet of the odd numbers rank. Number Three is to halt one pace in rear of the Number One; Number Five is to halt one pace in rear of Number Three; Number Seven is to be to the left of Number One; Number Nine in the rear of Number Seven and so on. Cadets, on reaching their places, are to turn to their left and take up their dressing by the right respectively.



7 Get On Parade

7.1 The members of the squad should form up and stand at ease at the assembly area located at the rear of the Parade Ground.

7.2 The squad leader is to march onto the parade ground, halts at the designated position on the Imaginary Centre Line, turns to the rear (if applicable) and then gives the command “RIGHT – MARKER”.

7.3 Upon receipt of command, the right marker of the squad comes to the position of Attention. After a regulation pause, the right marker marches forward 14.5 paces and then stands at ease after another regulation pause.

7.4 The squad leader gives the command “GET ON – PARADE”, whereupon the squad and the right marker come to the position of Attention. After a regulation pause, the squad marches forward 14.5 paces and halts at the position such that the front rank and first file of the squad will be aligned with the right marker, whereas a proper formation is to be maintained.

7.5 The squad takes up the dressing (to the right) by themselves after a regulation pause. When the right hand persons of the leading file is satisfied that the squad is steady, they are to smartly lower the arms to the side.

7.6 Upon this movement, all personnel, in succession by files from RIGHT to LEFT, are to turn their head and eyes to the front. For the personnel of the front rank, they are to lower their right arms to the side at the same time when they turn their heads.

7.7 All personnel, in succession by files from RIGHT to LEFT, are then to stand at ease. A regulation pause should be observed between the movements Eyes Front and Stand At Ease.



8 Form Two or Three Ranks

8.1 The command and timing for “Form Two Ranks” are as follows :

Command : FORM TWO – RANK Timing : ONE * ONE * TWO

8.2 The command is to be given on a formation of three ranks. Each cadet of centre rank should be properly numbered before the movement. On the command, odd numbers of the centre rank are to take a pace to the left with the left foot [ONE], a pace forward with the right foot [ONE], bend the left knee and bring the left foot to the right to assume the position of Attention [TWO], standing in the front rank.

8.3 At the same time the even numbers of the centre rank are take a pace to the left with the left foot [ONE], a pace to the rear with the right foot [ONE], bend the left knee and bring the left foot the right to assume the position of Attention [TWO], standing in the rear rank. On completion of the movement, the squad is to be dressed (usually without intervals).

8.4 If there is a blank file in the centre rank, the last cadet of that rank may in the interval of the rear rank. For an odd number file, the cadet will act as an even number. In the case of a squad with even number of cadets in the front rank and no centre and rear rank cadet in the blank file, the last cadet of the centre rank will act as even number. (Fig. 4.6)

8.5 The command and timing for “Form Three Ranks” are as follows :

Command : FORM THREE – RANK Timing : ONE * ONE * TWO

8.6 The command is to be given on a formation of two ranks, which is formed from three ranks. The odd numbers of the original centre rank are to take a pace to the rear with the left foot [ONE], a pace to the right with the right foot [ONE], bend the left knee and bring the left foot to the right to resume the position of Attention in the centre rank [TWO].

8.7 At the same time, the even numbers of the original centre rank are to take a pace forward with the left foot [ONE], a pace with the right foot [ONE], bend the left knee and bring the left foot to the right to resume the position of Attention in the rear rank [TWO]. On completion of the movement, the squad is to be dressed.



5 4 3 2 1 6 5 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 6 5 4 3 2 1

Situation 1 Situation 2

5 4 3 2 1 6 5 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1

Situation 3 Situation 4

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Blank File

Fig. 4.6 Form Two Ranks

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Drill Manual