Drugs Commonly Prescribed

Drugs & Dentistry IDrugs & Dentistry IDrugs commonly prescribed by the dentistDrugs commonly prescribed by the dentist

11. Antimicrobial Drugs. Antimicrobial Drugsa. a. AntibioticsAntibiotics

Drug Indications Forms Usual dose Trade &price Comments

Amoxicillin

-Routine drug of choice in

infection.

-Prophylaxis regimen for

subacute bacterial

endocarditis

Cap. 250-500 mg

Sus. 125 mg/5ml

250 mg/5ml

Adult:

250-500 mg

q8h

Child:

20 mg/kg/day

in divided

doses

-Amoxil 250 mg = 27 SR500 mg = 53 SR

-Ultramox500 mg = 25 SR

-Amoxidar 250 mg = 7 SR

500 mg = 13 SR

- 3% of population are

allergic to the drug

Co-Amoxiclav.

“amoxicillin

with

clavulanic acid”

-Infections caused by beta-

lactamase producing

strains.

-Sever dental infections

with spreading cellulites.

Tab. 375-625 mg

1g

Sus. 156 mg/5ml

228 mg/5ml

457 mg/5ml

Adult:

375-625 mg

q8h

OR

1 g q12h

-Augmentin375 mg = 48 SR625 mg = 81 SR156 mg = 22 SR

-Amoclan 375 mg =34 SR-Amoclan forte 625mg = 44 SR -Megamox 375mg =36 SR 625mg =43 SR 1g =75 SR-Klavox 375mg = 44 SR 625 mg =76 SR-Julmentin 375 mg = 40 SR-Julmentin Forte 625 mg = 68 SR

Children 40kg

20-40 mg/kg/day

amoxicillin with 5-10mg

calvulanic acid in three

divided doses.

Erythromycin

-Routine second choice

to amoxicillin in infection or

first choice if amoxicillin is

allergic .

Tab. 250-500 mg

Sus. 200 mg/5ml

250-500 mg

q6h

200 mg/5ml

q6h

-Erythrocin

250mg = 14 SR

500mg = 27 SR

Sus. = 19 SR

-Eromycin

-50% of s.auruse is

resistant

-GI intolerance is

common

Tab. for tablet Sus. for suspension Cap. for capsule q8h = every 8 hours Syr. for syrup Inj for injection

Drug Indications Forms Usual dose Trade &price Comment

Clarithromycin

-Mild to moderate

infection.


subacute bacterial endo-

carditis for pt. allergic to

amoxicillin.

Tab. 250-500 mg

Sus. 125 mg/ 5ml

250 mg/100ml

250-500 mg

bid-Klacid

Some pt. is allergic to the

drug.

-Caution when prescribed for

pregnant or lactating women,

hepatic, renal pt.

-It increases effects of

cyclosporine, warfarinn &

decreases the effects of

clindamycin, penicillin

&anticholingergic drugs.

Azithromycin

-Mild to moderate

infection.


subacute bacterial endo-

carditis for pt. allergic to

amoxicillin.

Cap. 250 mg

500 mg qid

on day1, then

250 mg qid

on days 2-5

-Zithromax

-Contraindicated if the pt. is

hypersensitive to the drug or

to erythromycin.

-Caution when prescribed for

pregnant or lactating women,

hepatic, renal & cardiac pt. or

with elderly & child < 16 y.

-It decrease the effects of

clindamycin & penicillin

-Pt. instructed to take

medication at least an hour

before meal or 2 hours after

the meal.

Tetracycline

-Second or third choice to

amoxicillin in routine inf.

-Anaerobic bacterial

infections & periodontitis

associated with presence

of AA (Actinobacillus

actino-mycetemcomitans).

-ANUG

Tab. 250-500 mg

Sus. 125 mg/5ml

250-500 mg q6h

, 1 hour before

or 2 hours after

meals

-Tetracycline

250 mg = 13 SR

-Used in bone graft.-Cause teeth discoloration, so it is not used in child 8y & in pregnant women.

Doxycycline

-Periodontitis associated

with presence of AA

(Actinobacillus actino-

mycetemcomitans).

-ANUG

-Syphilis

Tab. 100 mg

Cap. 100 mg

100 mg q12h -Doxydar-Vibramycin 100 mg=26 SR

-Some patients are hypersensitive to the drug.-It cause candidiasis,teeth & tongue discoloration & dry mouth.-It is not prescribed for child 8y &for pregnant women.


Clindamycin

Alternative to amoxicillin

in prophylaxis regimen

for subacute bacterial

endocarditis if amoxicillin

is allergic.

-Chronic osteomyelitis.

Tab. 150-300 mg

Inj. 300-600

900 mg

Adult

150-450 mg q6h

Child

8 -25 mg/kg

in 3-4 divided

doses.

-Dalacin-C

150 mg=21 SR

300 mg=37 SR

Cramps & diarrhea in 20%

of patients after oral

administration.

-Contraindicated if pt. is

hypersensitive to the drug

or had developed pseudo-

membranous colitis.

Metronidazole

-Protozoal & anaerobic

bacterial infections.

-Refractory adult

peridontits.

Combined with penicillin

in serious Odontogenic

infection, especially in

compromised patients.

Tab. 250-500 mg 250-500 mg q8h

-Flagyl250 mg =13SR500 mg =15SR

-Nidazol-Elyzol-Flazol

-Caution when the pt.

complain of neutropenia,

hepatic disease, active

CNS disease, or if the pt.

on warfarin .

-Contraindicated if pt. is

hypersensitive to the drug

or in the first trimester.

Cephalexin

Alternative to amoxicillin

in the tretment of

orofacial infections &in

the prevention of SAB

endocarditis except if the

pt. had an immediate

anaphylactic allergic

reaction to amoxicillin.

Cap. 250-500 mg

Syr. 125 mg/5ml

Adult:

250-500 mg

q6h

Child:

6.5-50 mg/kg/

day in 4 doses

-Keflex

250mg = 29 SR

500mg = 42 SR

-Cefrin

10-15% cross reaction

sensitivity in pt. allergic

to penicillin

Cefuroxime

Skin, soft tissue & bone

infections.

Tab. 125-250 mg

Sus. 125 mg/5ml

250 mg/5ml

Adult:

1-2tab q12h

Child:

125mg q12h

-Zinnat

250 mg =87 SR

500 mg =95 SR

10-15% cross reaction

sensitivity in pt. allergic

to penicillin

1. The Antibiotics may decrease the activity of oral contraceptive. So the pt. should be instructed to use additional method of contraception during the antibiotic course.

2. If the infection not improved within 3days, change the drug and do sensitivity test.3. Recommended antibiotics during pregnancy : Penicillin & Cephalosporine.4. Recommended antibiotics for lactating mother : Cephalosporine & Erythromycin.


-Viral infections of: -Herpes zoster. -Herpes simplex.

Tab. 400- 800 mgCap. 200 mgCream 2 g

Herpes zoter:800 mg q4h for 7-10daysChickenpox:

-Zovirax 200 mg=149SR400 mg=697SRCream =23 SR

-It is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug.

Acyclovir -Chickenpox.-Prevention of recurrence of the viral infections.

20 mg/kg qid for 5 days

-Clovir -It should be used with caution in-patient with renal impairment.-It used in the tengling stage in the management of HSV before development of the lesion “vesicles “-It could cause glossitis.-Postpone dental treatment when oral herpetic lesions are present.

b. Antifungal


Miconazole

Treatment of candidal infections

Tab. 250 mg Oral gel. 25 mg/ml

Adult 600-1800 mg in 3 divided doses daily for 3-20 weeks Children 1 y 20-45mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses.

Daktarin Oral gel =17 SR

Oral gelApply twice / day up to 1 month.

Ketoconazol

-Systemic & cutaneous fungal infections.

Tab. 200 mg Adult:200-400 mgqid Children 2 y 3.5-6.6 mg/kg/ day in a single dose.

-Nizoral -Contraindicated in patients with previous hypersensitivity.-Used cautiously in patients with impaired hepatic & or adrenal reserve.

Nystatin

-Intestinal candidiasis.-Skin candidiasis.-Oral candidiasis

Suspention 100000 inter. unit " iu " for oral use.

Adult:Sus. 400000-600000 iu qid Children 3 months250000-500000 iu qidNewborn100000 iu qid

-Mycostatin -Nilstat -Nystan -Rianest -Mikostat

Contraindicated with pt. has known hypersensitivity.-Oral use can cause nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.- To prevent reinoculation of candidal infection pt. is instructed to dispose the tooth brush or other contaminated oral hygiene devices used during period of infection

c. Antiviral

2. Analgesics


Acetaminophen

-Mild to moderate pain & fever

Tab. 325-500 mg

Syrup 120 mg/5ml 125 mg/5ml

Adult 0.5-l g every 4-6 hours tomax.4gm dailyChildren : 1 year: 60-120mg1-5y 120-150mg 6-12y 250-500mg

-Adol-Panadol-Tylenol-Fevadol-Dafalgan -Panacetamol syrup-Tempra

-Caution with hepatic disease pt.-Contraindicated if the pt. is hypersensitive to acetaminophen or complain of Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency.

Ibuprofen

-Pain-Fever -Inflammatory diseases -Rheumatoid disorders-Gout

Tab. 200-400 600 mg

Syrup 100 mg/5ml

400 mg every4-6 hours formild-moderat pain

-Brufen400mg=12 SR600mg=20 SR

-Ibofen-Profinal 600 mg=13 SR -Sapofen 400 mg=10 SR 600 mg=10 SR

It is contraindicated in:-Hypersensitivity-Nasal polyp-Angio-edema-Bronchospastic reactivity to aspirin or other NSAID’s.-Caution if the pt. on anticoagulant.-Taken after food

Mefenamic acid-Mild to moderate pain

Tab. 500 mgCap. 250 mgSyrup 50 mg/5ml

Adult:500mg initiallythen 250 mg every 6 hours with food children 6 months :25 mg/kg dailyin divided doses

-Ponstan 500 mg=13 SR-Fendol 500 mg= 7 SR-Mafepain 500 mg= 9 SR

-Avoid prescribing for dental pain in last trimester of pregnancy. -Caution if the pt. on anticoagulant.

Diclofenac Sodium

-Mild to moderate pain -Pain of rhematoid arthritis & osteoarthri- tis. -Gout & Ankylosing spondylitis

Tab. 25-50-100 mgInj. 75 mg/ampoule

150-200mg/ day in 2-4 divided doses.

-Voltaren 50 mg =38 SR-Olfen 50 mg =21 SR-Rofinac 50 mg = 32 SR-Diclogesic 50 mg = 17 SR-Vortex 50 mg =10 SR-Colfen 50 mg = 9 SR

-It can cause dry mouth & stomatitis.-Avoid prescribing for dental pain in last trimester of pregnancy.

Paracetamol 500 mg with Caffeine 30 mg & Codeine

Mild to moderate pain

________

2 tab. Every 4 hours to max. 8 tab. daily.

-Solpadeine = 9 SR -Fevadol plus = 8 SR

-Do not give if the pt. has allergy to propyphenazone-Not recommended for pregnant, breast-feeding women & for children<12 years.

Paracetamol 250 mg

, caffeine 50 mg

&

propyphenazone 150 mg

-Treatment of

headache.

________

Adult: 1-2 tab

12-16y 1 tab.

Up to 3 doses /

day-Saridon

= 5 SR ________

3. Miscellaneous


Triamcinolone orabase

-Oral and perioral lesions -Aphthous ulcers.

Orabase: containstriacilmone 0.1% in adhesive basis

2-4 times daily Kenalog in Orabase =7 SR

-Use is limited for 5 daysfor children ,and short term for elderly.-Contraindicated in the presence of fungal, viral or bacterial infections.

Pyralvex-Treatment of oral ulcers.

10 ml with brush 3-4 times daily Norgine Not recommended for children under 12 years.

Lignocaine Hydrochloride

“lidocaine”

-Pain due to ulcers Jelly 2%Ointment 5%Spray 80 g

When needed Xylocaine 5% 35 g=11 SRSpray 80g =29 SR

_____________

Sodium fluoride

Prevention of dental caries & decrease teeth hypersensitivity

Tab. 1 mg -Zymafluor 1mg = 18 SR

-Adults should be expectorate after use & not to eat, drink or rinse for 30 minutes.-Child ages 6-16y should be expectorate after use, rinse mouth thoroughly to avoid swallowing fluoride.-Must ascertain fluoride conc. In-patient’s drinking water before prescribing.

Baclofen

-Relief of muscle spasm.

Tab. 10-25 mg 5 mg tid×3 days then, 10 mg tid× 3days then, 15 mg tid×3 days then 20 mg tid× 3days then triturated to response, not to exceed 80 mg/day

Lioresal25 mg =121 SR

-Some pt. has hypersensitivity to the medicament.-It may cause dry mouth-The medicament has a sedative effect.

Chlorzoxazone

-Relief of muscle spasm.

Tab. 250-500 mg (DSC)

Adult 250-750 mg tid-qidChild 20 mg/kg/day in 3-4 divided doses.

Parafon 500 mg=19 SR

-Combination of the drug with aspirin or NSAIDs will improve the response.

4. Mouthwashes

Mouthwash Indications Forms Usual dose Trade &price Comment

Chlorhexidine Mouth wash

-Antibacterial mouth rinse-Denture stomatitis-Oral hygiene and plaque inhibition.

-Oral rinse 0.2% Swish 15ml undiluted oral rinse aroundin mouth for one minute, then expectorate2 times daily

Corsodyl=12 SR

- Contraindicated if pt. has hypersensitivity-Pt. instructed not to eat, drink or rinse mouth with water after use for several hours.-It my cause taste changes.-Do not swallow the medication.-Perform scaling before starting rinse.-It causes staining of teeth & esthetic restorations.

Hexetidine -Oral hygine Mouth wash or

gargle 0.1%15ml undiluted 2-3times daily

Oraldene = 7 SR ________

Povidone-lodine

Treatment &preventionof microbial infections

-Cleanser: skin7.5% “30 m1-118 ml”-Foam 7.5% 170 g

10ml undiluted for up 30 sec. up to 4 times daily

-Betadine =15 SR-Poviderim

-Do not swallow the medication -Avoid contact with eyes.-Contraindicated in pt. with hypersensitivity to iodine .-Cautions with pregnancy & breast feeding.

Orasept

Ingredients: Benzoic acid, Thymol, Menthol, Methyl salicylate & Eucalyptol

-Prevention & reduction of gingivitis. -General oral hygiene & bad breath.

-Mouthwash 250 mlSwish 15 ml undiluted oral rinse aroundin mouth for one minute, then expectorate2 times daily

Orasept 250ml =10 SR

________

Colgate - Plax Ingredients:

Triclosan 0.03 % Sodium fluoride

0.025%

-Fight plaque-Fight caries-Treatment of halitosis

250-500 ml15ml undiluted for one minute 2 times daily

-Classic /red-Soft mint / green 250 ml=14 SR 500 ml=22 SR

-Not recommended for child < 6 years.

Sensodyne

-Anti plaque-Relieves minor mouth irritation

250 ml15ml undiluted for 30 seconds2 times daily

250 ml=16 SR

-Not recommended for child<6 years.-Not recommended if the pt. sensitive to cytylpyridinium.-Used after brushing.

Pearl dropsSmokers 1+1

-Helps in the removal of tar.-Fight tobacco odor. -Fight plaque-Fight caries

400 ml 15ml undiluted

for 30 seconds2 times daily

400 ml=13 SR

-Not recommended for child < 6 years.

Oral-B Fight plaque & cavities 300 ml15ml undiluted for 30 seconds2 times daily

300 ml=16 SR-Not recommended for child < 6 years.

Drugs & Dentistry IIDrugs & Dentistry II

Most common drugs prescribed by the dentist:Most common drugs prescribed by the dentist:

Drug Forms Usual Dose Trade Names

Amoxicillin

Capsule 250-500 mg

Suspension 125 mg/5ml

250 mg/5ml

Adult:

250-500 mg q8h

Child:

20 mg/kg/day

in divided doses

-Amoxil

-Ultramox

-Amoxidar

Co-Amoxiclav.“Amoxicillin withClavulanic Acid"

Tablet 375-625 mg

1 g

Suspension 156 mg/5ml

228 mg/5ml

457 mg/5ml

Adult: 375-625 mg q8h

or 1 g q12h

Children 40kg

20-40 mg/kg/day amoxicillin

with 5-10 mg calvulanic acid

in three divided doses.

-Augmentin

-Amoclan

-Amoclan Forte

-Megamox

-Klavox

-Julmentin

Cephalexin

Capsule 250-500 mg

Syrup 125 mg/5ml

Adult: 250-500 mg q6h

Child: 6.5-50 mg/kg/day

in 4 doses

-Keflex

-Cefrin

Acetaminophen

Tablet 325-500 mg

Syrup 120 mg/5ml 125 mg/5ml

Adult: 0.5-l gm every 4-6 hours to max.4 gm daily

Child: 1 year 60-120 mg/day 1 -5 y 120-150 mg/day 6 -12 y 250-500 mg/day

-Adol-Panadol-Tylenol-Fevadol-Dafalgan -Panacetamol syrup-Tempra

Ibuprofen

Tablet 200 – 400 mg

& 600 mg

Syrup 100 mg/5ml

400 mg every 4-6 hours

for mild to moderate pain

-Brufen

-Ibofen

-Profinal

-Sapofen

Diclofenac

Sodium

Tablet 25-50-100 mg

Injection 75 mg/ampoule

150-200 mg/day

in 2-4 divided doses.

-Voltaren -Olfen

-Rofinac -Diclogesic

-Vortex -Colfen

5. The Antibiotics may decrease the activity of oral contraceptive pills, so the pt. should be instructed to use additional method of contraception during the antibiotic course.

6. If the infection not improved within 3days, change the drug and do sensitivity test.7. Recommended antibiotics during pregnancy: Penicillin & Cephalosporine.8. Recommended antibiotics for lactating mother : Cephalosporine & Erythromycin.

Drugs & Dentistry IIIDrugs & Dentistry IIICommon drugs purchased from pharmacies in city

Drugs listed here are the ones commonly purchased from pharmacies in Jeddah city. Trade names, indications and dental considerations, which related to the drug & the disease, are included in an informative and concise form. For more information you are advised to refer to the product information insert. (Antimicrobial, analgesics & mouthwashes are included in D & D I )

Cardiovascular System

Drug Trade Names Indications Considerations

Calcium channel blockersNifedipine -Adalat-Retard

-Adalat.-Cardiopine.

-Prophylaxis &treatment of angina.-Hypertention.-Raynaud’s disease.

-It cause gingival hyperplasia and dry mouth

Verapamil -Isoptin .-Calan.

-Atrial fibrillation & flutter.-Arrhythmias.-Angina &hypertension.-Congestive heart failure.-Tachycardia .

- It cause gingival enlargement, dry mouth (rare)&Stevens-Johnson syndrom

Digoxin

-Lanoxin Treatment of congestive heart

failure,atrial fibrillation & or

flutter and supra-ventricular

tachycardia.

- It could cause sensitive gag reflux.

Diuretiecs

Spironolactone-Aldactone.-Spiroctan.-Noractone.

-Primary aldosteronism. Hypertension, Hypokalaemia -Edema in liver cirrhosis.-Nephrotic syndrom.-Congestive heart failure.-Hirutism associated with polycystic ovary syndrom .-Menstrual irregularities.

-It may cause dry mouth & lichenoid drug reaction .

Centrally acting antihypertensive

Methyldopa -Aldomet

-Moderate to sever hypertention.-Hypertensive crisis.-Toxemia of pregnancy.

- It could cause dry mouth, bleeding & lichenoid reaction.

ACE Inhibitors

Captopril-Capoten

-Mild to moderate essential hypertension.-Congestive heart failure.

-It causes adrenal suppression &candidal infection.-It could cause dry mouth, glossitis, oral ulceration , Stevens –Johnson syndrome,bleeding , lichenoid drug reaction .

Cardiovascular System


Antiarrhythmics

Amiodarone-Cordarone -Arrhythmia. - It may cause dry mouth.

Glyceryl Trinitrate

Nitroglycerin

NitrodermTTS10

-Angised

-Glyceryl

-Trinitrate

-Nitroderm

-Tridil

-Treatment and prophylaxis

of angina pectoris.

-CHF associated with acute

MI.

-It could cause dry mouth & burning

sensation.

-Ensure that patient’s drug is easily

available if angina occurs.


Antiplatelets Acetylsalicylic acid

-Asprin-Rivo-Aspav-Aspico

-Fever & minor pain-Rheumatic arthritis-Transient Ischemic Attack -MI risk reduction-Rheumatic fever

-Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation.-Produce gastric ulcer in long term therapy -Exacerbates bronchoconstriction in asthmatic pt. -High doses should be avoided in pregnancy

Oral anticoagulants Warfarin Sodium

-Coumadin

-Prophylaxis of thrombo- embolism .-MI & bypass surgery.-Prophylaxis & treatment of venous thrombosis & pulmonary embolism.-Decrease risk of cerebral embolism &TIA.

-Try to avoid IM injection.-Ask for INR before any dental sugary.-Prothrombin Time should be not more than twice the normal value. -Vit. K is the antagonist of warfarin action ’10 mg will reverse the action in 24 hours ’

Respiratory System


Antihistamines. Promethazine

-Phenergan -Histaloc -Promantine

-Antihistaminic.-Motion sickness.-Sedative & hypnotic.-Antiemetic. -Hay fever.

- It could cause dry mouth.

Cough prep. Triprolidine &

Pseudoephedrine - Actified

-Temporary relife of nasal congestion.-Decongest sinus opening.-Running nose, sneezing.-Itching of nose or throat.-Hay fever or other upper respiratory allergies.-Watery eyes due to common cold.

- It cause dry mouth & lichenoid reaction

Dextromethorphan

-Kafosed.-Tusilar.-Contrasal.-Romilar.-Simatus.

- Dry or painful cough.-Non-productive cough.

Topical Nasal

Decongestants

Xylometazoline

Hydrochloride

-Otrivine

-Nasivin

-Xylometazoline

-Nasal congestion due to

seasonal allergic rhinitis.

-Chronic rhinitis and

rhinitis occurring with the

common cold & respiratory

tract infection.

Pseudoephedrine

Hydrochloride-Otrinol

-Nasal congestion.

Anti T.B.Ethambutol

-Myambutol-Ethanbutol

-Treatment of T.B. in the first 2 months

-Look for oral signs of T.B.-Avoid elective dental procedures in active infections.

Rifampicin

-Rimactan

-Rifadin

-Rimactazid

-T.B “intial treatment”.

-Eradicate nasal colonis-

ation in meningococcal

infections


Isoniazid “INH”

-INH

-Rimifon

-Rimactazid “INH+

Rifampicin”

- Treatment and prevention

of T.B


Respiratory System


Anti asthmatics

Aminophylline

-Euphylline

-Aminomal

-Phyllocontin

-Reversible airway

obstructions.

-Status asthmaticus & left

ventricular failure.

-It increases the action of erythromycin.

- Ensure that patient’s drug is easily

available if attach occurs.

Beclomethasone -Bectoide

-Viorex

Chronic airway obstructions

-It causes adrenal suppression &

candidal infection .

-It could cause dry mouth & hoarseness.

-Pt. Instructed to gargle and rinse with water

after each dose to help in preventing

candidiasis.



Cromolyn Sodium -Intal

-Opticrom

-Prophylaxis of asthma &

allergic conditions.

-Chronic bronchitis.

-Emphysema.

-Asthmatic patients.

-Frequently it cause mouth dryness &

burning mouth senseation .



Ketotifen Fumarate -Zaditen -Prophylaxis of asthma. - Ensure that patient’s drug is easily


Salbutamol-Ventolin

-Butalin

-Bronchodilator for.

treatment of asthma.

-Reversible airway

obstruction.

-It may cause mouth & throat irritation.



Theophylline -Quibron-T/SR

-Bronquim

-Bronchial asthma.

-Chronic obstructive

pulmonary disease.

- It could cause dry mouth.



Central Nervous System


Antiparkinsons

Levodopa -Carbidopa -Sinemet -Used in parkinsonism - It cause dry mouth.

Antidepresents

Amitriptyline -Tryptizol

-Saroten

-Elavil

-Depression.

-Analgesic for certain chronic

& neuropathic pain.

-Migraine prophylaxis.

- It cause dry mouth, stomatitis & salivary

gland pain.

Clomipramine -Anafranil-Depressive illness-Phobic & obsessional states

- It cause dry mouth & bleeding.

Imipramine-Tofranil

-Imiprex

-Depressive illness

-Nocturnal enuresis in

children &school phobia.

-Sever symptoms of cocaine

withdrawal.

-It cause dry mouth & stomatitis

Antimigraine

Ergotamine

-Migril

-Cafergot

-Treatment of vascular

headache “migraine”,

-Cluster headache.

Sumatriptan

-Imigran -Treatment of migraine with

or without aura

- It may cause discomfort in jaw, mouth or

tongue.

Central Nervous System


Antiepileptics

Carbamazepine -Tegretol

-Tegretol Retard

-First line agent in treatment

of partial seizures.

-Trigeminal neuralgia.

-Diabetes insipidus.

-Pain syndrome.

-Schizophrenia.

-It may cause:

-Stevens –Jonson syndrom.

-SLE-like syndrom.

- Dry mouth & glossitis.

Phenytoin Sodium -Epanutin

-Dilantin

-Anticonvulsant

-Antiarrhythmic.

-Prevention of seizures

following head truma &

neurosurgery .

-It may cause:

-Gingival hyperplasia.

-Lupus erythematosus .

-Stevens –Jonson syndrom.

-Osteamalacia.

Ethosuximide -Zarontin

-Emeside

-Absence seizures.

- Side effects : gingival

bleeding ,ulceration , swelling of tongue

& gingival enlargement ( Rare) .

Sodium Valproate -Depakine

-Epilim

-Convulex

-Indicated when both absence

& generalized tonic-clonic

seizures are present.

-Alternative to primary

anticonvulsants in

generalized tonic –clonic

seizures.

Sedative-Hypnotic

Clonazepam-Rivotril

-Status epilepticus-May used as an antipanic agent.

-It cause dry mouth.-Ask about epilepsy type, seizure frequency & the onset of the last attack.

Gastro-intestinal System


H2 receptor antagonists

Ranitidine-Zantac -Tanidina -Antagonin

-Reduction of gastric aciditiy -Benign gastric &duodenal ulcers .-Reflux oesophagitis

-Long term therapy lead to vit. B12 deficiency.-Decrease absorption of diazepam & ketoconazole.

Cimetidine

-Cimedine -Tagamet

-Short term treatment of benign gastric& duodenal ulcers.-Prophylaxis of duodenal ulcer. Gastric hypersecretory states.-Gastro-esophageal reflux. -Prevention of upper GI bleeding in ill pt.

-Decrease absorption of ketoconazole & tetracycline.-Increase blood levels of metronidazol & lidocaine.

Antimuscarinic

Hyoscine N-

Butylbromid.

-Buscopan

-Scopinal

-Spasmopan

-Butacid

-Spasmonore

-Adjunct in gastro- intestinal

disorders characterized by

smooth muscle spasm.

-It cause dry mouth, thirst & difficulty in

swallowing.

Laxatives

Bisacodyl

-Dulcolax.

-Laxocodyle

-Constipation.

-Bowel evacuation befor: -

Surgery, endoscopy &

radiology.

Musculoskeletal and joint


Antigout

Allopurinol-Zyloric

-No-Uric

-Prevention of attack of gout

-Arthritis &nephropathy

-Prevent calcium oxalate

calculi.

-Treatment of hyperuricemia

which may occure during

treatment of tumers or

leukemia.

-It could cause stomatitis, lichenoid

reaction & salivary gland swelling.

-Main clinical feature is arthritis that

could affect TMJ.

Nutrients, Vitamins & Blood modifiers


Nutrients& VitaminsFolic Acid

Vit. B9-Folicum-Folvite

-Megalobastic anemiadue to folic acid deficiency.-Chronic alcoholism.-Pregnancy &lactation.-Sprue & ileal diseases.-Nutritional deficiency& haemolytic aneamia.

-Glossitis or atrophy of the tongue and angular cheilitis may be a symptom of folic acid deficiency.

Ascorbic acid Vit. C

Vitamin-c chewable-Upsa-c-Calcefor

-Prevention & treatment of scurvy.-Urinary acidification.-Prevention & decreasing of cold

- Incidence of erosion & caries has been reported with excessive use of chewable ascorbic acid tablets.

B-complex vitamins B1,B6,B12

-Becozym -B-complex plus vitamin- cused in conditions characterized by depletation or increase demand of the water –soluble vitamins.

Blood Modifiers

Ferrous Fumarate

- Fersamal .

- Galfer .

-Prevention and treatment of

iron deficiency anemias

-Absorption of tetracyclines &

penicillamine may decrease if given

together with this drug.

-Oral manifestation of iron deficiency:

- Atrophic glossitis.

- Angular cheilitis &some times

aphthous ulceration.

Ferrous Sulphate -Prevention & treatment of

iron deficiency anemias

-If not diluted it may cause teeth

discoloration, so rinsing mouth is indicated

after taken the preparation .

-It may cause dysphagia.

-it may reduce the absorption of

tetracyclines & penicillamine.

-Oral manifestation of iron deficiency:

- Atrophic glossitis.

- Angular cheilitis &some times

aphthous ulceration.

Endocrine System


Antidiabetes

Insulin Human Reg. -Humalin-R -Diabetes mellitus-Diabetic pt. may be more susceptible to

infection & have delay wound healing.

Insulin Human –NPH

-Humalin-N -Diabetes Mellitus -Diabetic pt. may be more susceptible to


Glibenclamide

-Daonil

-Diatab

-Euglucon

-Glynase

-Diabetes mellitus

-Diabetic pt. may be more susceptible to


Gliclazid

-Diamicron -Non insulin-dependent

diabetes mellitus.



Metformin

-Glucophage

-Glucomet

-Melbin

- Non insulin-dependent

diabetes mellitus.



Endocrine System


Corticosteroids

Prednisolone-Prednisolone

-Deltacortef

-Gupisone

-Precortisly

-In general, it is indicated in

autoimmune diseases.

-Multiple sclerosis.

-Adrenocortical

insufficiency

-Adreno-genital syndrom .

-Arthritis.

-Collagen diseases.

-Rheumatic carditis.

-Nephrotic syndrom

-Skin disease.

eg.pemphigus

-Ulcerative coltitis.

-Throbocytopenia.

-Organ transplantation

-Acute asthma.

-Group of oral lesions eg.

L.P, pemphigus vulgaris,

EM &cicatrical pemphigoid

-Behcet’s disease.

-Prevention of post –

herpetic neuralgia.

-Contraindicate in viral infections.

–It delays wound healing.

-It causes candidal infection & dry mouth.

-Symptoms of oral infection may be

masked.

-Assess need for supplemental doses for the

dental treatment.

-Prophylactic antibiotic may be indicated to

prevent infection in surgery or deep

scaling

Forms:

-Tablet: 1 mg , 5 mg

20 mg , 25 mg

-Enema 20 mg/100 ml

Dexamethasone

-Decadron

-Oradexo

-Acute exacerbation of

chronic allergic disorder

-Cerebral edema.

-Multiple sclerosis

-Antiemetic with cancer

therapy.

As prednisolone

Hydrocorisone

-Cortef

-Solu-cortef

-Cortiderm

-Hydrocortone

-Replacement therapy in

adrenal cortical

insufficiency salt-losing

forms of congenital adrenal

hyperplasia syndromes.

-Addison’s disease

As prednisolone

Drugs & Dentistry IVDrugs & Dentistry IVProphylactic Antibiotic Regimens for Bacterial Prophylactic Antibiotic Regimens for Bacterial

Endocarditis for Dental proceduresEndocarditis for Dental procedures

Situation Agent Regimen Trade names Forms

Standard general

prophylaxisAmoxicillin

Adults: 2 g

Children: 50 mg/kg

Orally ,one hour before procedure

-Amoxil

-Ultramox

-Amoxidar

Cap. 250-500 mg

Sus. 125 mg/5ml

250 mg/5ml

Unable to take oral

medicationAmpicillin

Adults : 2 g

Children : 50 mg/kg ,IM or IV

within 30 min. before procedure

-Pentrexyl

-Polycillin

Inj. 250 mg/vial

500 mg/vial

1 g /vial

Allergic to penicillin

Clindamycin

or

Adults: 600 mg

Children: 20 mg/kg

Orally,one hour before procedure.

-Dalacin-C Cap. 150 mg

Cephalexin

or

Adults: 2 g

Children: 50 mg/kg

orally, one hour before the

procedure.

-Keflex

-Cefrin

Tab. 250-500 mg

Cefadroxil

or

-Ultracef

-Cefadrox

Tab. 1 g

Cap. 500 mg

Sus. 125-250mg/5ml

Azithromycin

or

Adults: 500 mg

Children: 15 mg/kg

Orally, one hour before the

procedure

-Zithromax Cap. 250 mg

Clarithromycin -Klacid Tab. 250-500 mg

Sus. 125 mg/5ml

250mg/100 ml

Allergic to penicillin &

unable to take oral

medication

Clindamycin

or

Adults: 600 mg

Children: 20 mg/kg

IV within 30 min. before

procedure.

-Dalacin-C Inj. 300-600

900 mg

Cefazolin Adults: 1 g

Children: 25 mg/kg

IM or IV within 30 min. before

procedure.

-Cefamezin

-Totacef

Inj. 250-500 mg

1 g

1. Total dose of the children must not exceed the adult dose.2. Do not prescribe cephalosporins if the pt. has immediate-type hypersensitivity to penicillins due to the cross reaction between the tow drugs.

Documents

Drugs Commonly Prescribed