EARLY CIVILIZATIONSPrehistory-256 B.C.

UNIT ONEWorld History Ms. Horvath

CHAPTER OVERVIEW1. Understanding the Past

2. The Dawn of History3. Beginnings of Civilization

TOWARDS CIVILIZATIONPrehistory – 3000 B.C.

Chapter One

UNDERSTANDING OUR PAST

The Big Idea – Geographers, archeologists, anthropologist, and historians work to unravel human history

Vocabulary – Geography, latitude, longitude, prehistory, anthropology, culture, archaeology, artifact, technology, historian

Focus – How are geography and history linked? How do historians learn about the past?

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GEOGRAPHY AND THE PASTWhat is geographyHow do geographers describe place? Give

examples Describe how humans interact with their

environment Explain how movement has been a key link

between history and geography What is the difference and

similarities between Anthropology and Archeology

What does a Historians do

REVIEW

Define geography.

Give two examples of how people

interact with their environment.

Why is it important to understand the

past?

THE DAWN OF HISTORY

The Big Idea – The change from nomadic to farming life led to the emergence of civilization

Vocabulary – Nomad, glacier, animism, domesticateFocus – What advances did people make during the

Old Stone Age? How did we learn about the religious beliefs of early people? Why was the Neolithic agriculture revolution a turning point in history?

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PEOPLE LEARN TO FARMWhen was The Old Stone Age, and where did it

begin?What does it mean to be nomadic? Where were

hunter gatherer societies often nomadic? Describe religious beliefs of early civilizationsWhat was the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution?What were some of the differences between living a

settled farming life compared to a nomadic life?• Describe some new technologies

developed during the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution

REVIEWHow did Paleolithic

people learn to adapt to their environment?

What were the key features of the

Neolithic agricultural revolution?

Would you rather be a hunter or a

farmer? Explain why.

BEGINNINGS OF CIVILIZATION

The Big Idea – The rise of cities was a central feature in the development and spread of civilizations

Vocabulary – Civilization, polytheistic, artisan, pictogram, scribe, city-state, empire, cultural diffusion

Focus – How did the first cities emerge? What are the basic features of civilization? How do cultures spread and change?

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FEATURES OF CIVILIZATIONDescribe river valley civilizationsHow did cities in the Americas differ from cities in

other parts of the world?What were eight basic features found in most early

civilizations? Explain how early governments were structuredDefine polytheistic religionsList and describe some jobs city dwellers had. List and Describe social classes involvedIn city life.Describe key differences between nomadic life and

city life

REVIEWHow did conditions

in some river valleys favor the rise of

early civilizations?

How were government and religion closely linked in early civilizations?

Why do you think that cultural

changes happen more quickly today than in the past?

CHAPTER OVERVIEW1. Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile

2. Egyptian Civilizations3. City-States of Ancient Sumer

4. Invaders, Traders, and Empire Builders5. The Roots of Judaism

FIRST CIVILZATIONS: AFRICA AND ASIA3200 – 500 B.C.

Chapter Two

ANCIENT KINGEDOMS OF THE NILE

The Big Idea – The history of ancient Egypt is divided into three periods: Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom

Vocabulary – Silt, cataract, delta, dynasty, pharaoh, vizier

Focus – How did geography influence ancient Egypt? What were the main features and achievements of Egypt’s three kingdoms? How did trade and warfare affect Egypt and Nubia?

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ANCIENT NILE KINGDOMSWhy did people in the Nile Valley look forward to

yearly floods?Name the three main periods of ancient Egypt

along with yearsWhat did pyramids signify?Why did the Old Kingdom collapse?

• What was life like during the Middle Kingdom

• Describe life during the New Kingdom. Why did it decline?

• How was Egypt affected by its contact with the Nubians?

REVIEW

Give two examples of how the Nile shaped

ancient Egypt.

Name one major achievement of each of Egypt’s three ancient

kingdoms.

Why do you think Ramses ordered

misleading information about his battles to be inscribed on a public

monument?

EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATON

The Big Idea – Religion and learning played an important role in ancient Egyptian civilization

Vocabulary – Mummification, hieroglyphics, ideogram, papyrus

Focus – How did religious beliefs shape the lives of Egyptians? How was Egyptian society organized? What advances did Egyptians make in learning and the arts?

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EGYPTIAN BELIEFSList and briefly describe the chief gods and goddesses of

the EgyptiansExplain Egyptian beliefs in the afterlifeDescribe the process of mummificationDescribe the life of an Egyptian farmerWhat was life like for women in Egypt? How did Egyptians keep written records? What was the Rosetta Stone?What advances in medicineand science did Egyptians make?What legacy did Egyptians make in art and literature?

REVIEWWhat role did

religion play in ancient Egypt?

Describe three achievements of

ancient Egyptians in the arts and learning

How were religion, government, and the arts linked in ancient Egypt?

CITY-STATES OF ANCIENT SUMER

The Big Idea – The fertile land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers supported the development of Sumerian civilization

Vocabulary – Hierarchy, ziggurat, cuneiform Focus – How did geography features influence

the civilizations of the Fertile Crescent? What were the main features of Sumerian civilization? What advances in learning did Sumerians make?

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SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION When did the first Sumerian cities begin?

What was their society based on?Detail social hierarchy in Sumerian society. Describe Sumerian religion in detail. Explain the Sumerian writing system.

REVIEWHow did

geography influence the city –states of Sumer?

How was Sumerian society

organized?

Compare the duties of Sumerian rulers to those

of rulers of countries today. How are they

similar? How are they different?

INVADERS, TRADERS, AND EMPIRE BUILDERS

The Big Idea – A series of strong rulers united the lands of the Fertile Crescent into well-organized empires

Vocabulary – Codify, satrap, barter economy, money economy, colony

Focus – How did early empires arise in Mesopotamia? How did ideas and technology spread? How did the Persians unite a huge empire? What contributions did the Phoenicians make?

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EMPIRES GROWINGWhat was the Code of Hammurabi? What were some of

the laws?What is the difference between criminal law and civil

law? How did the Hammurabi Code deal with each? Who was Nebuchadnezzar? Describe his empire. What territories were included in the Persian empire?

How did the Persians treat those they conquered? Who was Darius? How did he structure his empire (such as law and economy)? Describe Persian religion. In what ways did the Phoenicians contribute to society with manufacturing, trade, and writing?

REVIEWHow did

Hammurabi build and strengthen

an empire?

How did the Hittites introduce

a new age of technology?

How did the geography of the Fertile Crescent help a series of leaders both to conquer and to unify Mesopotamia?

THE ROOTS OF JUDAISM

The Big Idea – The religion of the Israelites was unique in the ancient world because it was monotheistic

Vocabulary – Monotheistic, covenant, patriarchal, prophet, diaspora

Focus – What were the main events in the early history of the Israelites? How did the Jews view their relationship with God? What moral and ethical ideas did the prophets teach?

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HISTORY OF THE ISREALITESWho was Abraham? Describe the division and conquest of the

Israeli nation.Explain JudaismDescribe Israeli law and morality (include

the an explanation of the Torah and patriarchal duties)

• What are the Ten Commandments?

• What did the prophets do?

REVIEWWhy did Israel

become divided?

How did the beliefs of the Israelites differ from those of other

people of Mesopotamia?

How are the ethical beliefs of the

Israelites similar to those of our society?

CHAPTER OVERVIEW1. Cities of the Indus Valley2. Kingdoms of the Ganges

3. Early Civilizations in China

EARLY CIVILIZATIONS IN INDIA AND CHINA2500-256 B.C.Chapter Three

CITIES OF THE INDUS VALLEY

The Big Idea – Archaeologists uncover the remains of India’s first civilization in the Indus River valley

Vocabulary – Subcontinent, plateau, monsoon, veneration

Focus – How has geography influenced India? How has archaeology provided clues about Indus Valley civilization? What theories do scholars hold about the decline of Indus Valley civilization?

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INDIAN CIVILIZATIONList and describe that make up describe the

different nations, zones, and geography that make up the Indus Valley

What was early Indus Valley civilization like?Describe the city life of Harappa and Mohenjo-

DaroDescribe life for farmers in the Indus ValleyWhat were the religious beliefs of the Indus people?How did life in the Indus Valley decline and disappear?

REVIEWWhat evidence shows

that Indus Valley civilization had a well

organized government?

Why do we know so little about Indus Valley civilization?

Pretend you are an archeologist digging in the Indus Valley what are three objects you

would want to uncover?

KINGDOM OF THE GANGES

The Big Idea – Aryan warriors invaded India and developed a new civilization

Vocabulary – Caste, brahman, mystic, rajahFocus – What were the main characteristics

of Aryan civilization in India? How did expansion lead to changes in Aryan civilization? What do ancient Indian epics reveal about Aryan life?

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ARYAN CIVILIZATIONWhat were the three basic groups the

Aryans were divided into? Describe each groups place in society.

Describe Aryan religious beliefsExplain how the Aryans settled into villages

and became farmers List examples of Aryan epic literature along

with brief descriptions.

REVIEWHow did Aryan life change as a result

of expansion in India?

What kinds of lessons do Ram and Sita

teach in the epics of the Ramayana?

Why might epic poems like the Mahabharata

and Ramayana be good vehicles for teaching

moral lessons?

EARLY CIVILIZATION IN CHINA

The Big Idea – Early Chinese people developed a complex civilization and made many advances in learning and the arts

Vocabulary – Loess, oracle bone, dynastic cycle, feudalism

Focus – How did geography influence early Chinese civilization? How did Chinese culture take shape under the Shang and Zhou? What were key cultural achievements in early China?

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LIFE IN CHINAHow does geography contribute to China’s isolation? List and describe the main regions of ChinaWho were the Shang? Describe their rule; including

government, social class, and daily lifeDetail Chinese religious beliefsExplain oracle bonesExplain the Zhou’s idea of Mandate of HeavenDescribe how Feudalism worksDescribe economic growth during the Zhou dynastyWhere does silk come from? How important was silk to the Chinese?

REVIEWHow did people

in China adapt to the

environment?

What were the characteristics of Shang and Zhou government and social structure?

Do you think it would be difficult to learn the Chinese form of

writing? Explain.

EMPIRES OF THE ANCIENT WORLD1750 B.C – A.D. 1570

UNIT TWOWorld History Ms. Horvath

CHAPTER OVERVIEW1. Hinduism and Buddhism2. Powerful Empires of India

3. Pillars of Indian Life4. Philosophy and Religion in China

5. Strong Rulers Unite China

EMPIRES OF INDIA AND CHINA600 B.C. – A.D. 550

Chapter Four

REVIEWDescribe the ethical

code of conduct that Confucius

promoted

Why did Buddhism appeal to many people

in China?

Out of Confucianism, Legalism, and

Daoism which is your favorite and why?

HINDUISM AND BUDDHISM

The Big Idea – Hinduism and Buddhism, two major religions with a wide variety of beliefs, emerged in ancient India

Vocabulary – Atman, moksha, karma, dharma, ahimsa, nirvana, sect

Focus – In what ways is Hinduism a complex religion? What are the major teachings of the Buddha? How did Buddhism spread beyond India to become a major world religion?

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COMPLEX RELIGIONSExplain the origins of Hinduism. Explain the

ideas of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva, and Shakti.

How found Hinduism? What did Hindus believe about God?

Who found Buddhism? What did Buddhists believe

about God?oExplain Karma and DharmaoGive a brief comparison of Buddhism

to HinduismoDescribe the two different sects of

Buddhism

REVIEWWhat are the

basic teachings of Hinduism?

How are Hinduism and Buddhism

similar? How are the religions different?

If you had to choose to be a Buddhist or Hindu, which would

you choose and why?

POWERFUL EMPIRES OF INDIA

The Big Idea – Two great empires, the maurya and the Gupta, flourished in ancient India

Vocabulary – Dissent, golden age, stupaFocus – How did Maurya rulers create a

strong central government? What were some major achievements of the kingdoms of the Deccan? Why is the period of Gupta rule in India considered a golden age?

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LIFE IN INDIADescribe the following about the Maurya

Dynasty: Location, government, emperors, cause of decline

Describe the following about the Kingdom of Deccan: Location, people, Tamil Kingdoms, religion

Describe the following about the Gupta Dynasty: Location, government, trade and farming, arts and learning

PILLARS OF INDIAN LIFE

The Big Idea – The three important parts of Indian life were the caste system, the family, and the village

Vocabulary – Joint family, dowryFocus – How did the caste system affect

Indian life? What values influenced family life? How did the traditional Indian village function economically and politically?

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LIFE IN INDIAWhat is the Caste system? Explain the rules

and effects of such a systemDescribe the structure of family life in IndiaWhat was life like for women in India? Describe a typical Indian village

REVIEWHow did the caste system

provide a sense of order?

Describe the government of

an Indian village

How did the traditional Hindu

doctrines of karma and dharma support the caste system?

PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION IN CHINA

The Big Idea – Confucianism, Legalism, Daoism, and Buddhism had a strong influence on China

Vocabulary – Philosophy, filial piety Focus – What were the major teachings of

Confucius? How did Legalism and Daoism differ in their views on government? Why did many Chinese people accept Buddhist ideas?

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CONFUCIUS AND CHINADescribe the life of Confucius and how his religion

beganDescribe filial pietyWhat are the “five relationships” ? What are their

duties and responsibilities? What was Confucius beliefs on education and

government service?Who developed Legalism? Describe

LegalismWho developed Daoism? Describe DaoismHow did the Daoist view of government

differ from the Confucius view?

REVIEWDescribe the ethical

code of conduct that Confucius

promoted

Why did Buddhism appeal to many people

in China?

Out of Confucianism, Legalism, and

Daoism which is your favorite and why?

STRONG RULERS UNITE CHINA

The Big Idea – Powerful emperors united much of China and encouraged cultural achievements

Vocabulary – Monopoly, expansionism, warlordFocus – How did Shi Huangdi unite China? How

did Han rulers strengthen the economy and government of China? Why is the Han period considered a golden age of Chinese civilization?

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STRONG RULE IN CHINAWho was Shi Huangdi? What were the positive

aspects of his rule, and the negative aspects of his rule?

Why was the Great Wall of China built? List and describe accomplishments of Han Dynasty

emperorsWhat was the Silk Road and why is it

significant to the history of China? Describe the civil service exam

List and describe achievements of the Han Dynasty

in the following areas: Science, Medicine, Technology, The Arts

REVIEWHow did Han

emperors further economic growth

in China?

Based on what you know about Confucianism, how

do you think the civil service examination

system affected the nature of Chinese government?

Describe one major difference between

Qin government and Han government

CHAPTER OVERVIEW1. Early People of the Aegean

2. The Rise of Greek City-States3. Victory and Defeat in the Greek World

4. The Glory That Was Greece5. Alexander and the Hellenistic Age

ANCIENT GREECE1750-133 B.C.Chapter Five

EARLY PEOPLE OF THE AEGEAN

The Big Idea – The Minoans and Myceneans shaped the first Greek civilizations

Vocabulary – Shrine, fresco, strait Focus – What civilizations influenced the

Minoans? How did Mycenaean civilization affect the later Greeks? What do the epics of Homer reveal about the Greeks?

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EARLY GREEK CIVILIZATIONWho were the Minoans? Describe the Palace of Knossos What happen to their civilization?Who were the Mycenae? Describe their sea trade What was their part in the Trojan War? Who was Homer? Describe The Iliad and The Odyssey

REVIEWWhat impact did

Mycenaean civilization have on later Greeks?

How did trade contribute to the

development of Minoan and Mycenaean

civilizations?

Do you think the epics of Homer are reliable sources of

history? Why or why not?

RISE OF THE GREEK CITY-STATES

The Big Idea – As Greek city-states grew, they developed different types of government, including an early form of democracy

Vocabulary – Polis, acropolis, monarchy, aristocracy, oligarchy, phalanx, democracy, tyrant, legislature

Focus – How did geography influence the Greek city-states? What kids of government did the Greek city-states develop? How did Athens and Sparta differ? What forces unified the Greek city-states?

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GREEK CITY-STATESDescribe the influence of mountains and valleys to

the Greek city-statesDescribe the influence of seas to the Greek city-

statesExplain how government worked in the Greek city-

statesDescribe life in SpartaDescribe life in Athens

• What was life like for women in Sparta verses Athens

• What was religious life like for most Greeks? How did they view non-Greeks?

REVIEW

Identify two ways geography

influenced Greece

What cultural ties united the Greek world

Despite much limits Athens is admired as

an early model for democracy. Why do you thin this is so?

VICTORY AND DEFEAT IN THE GREEK WORLD

The Big Idea –Competition among the Greek city-states led to conflict

Vocabulary – alliance, direct democracy, stipend, ostracism

Focus – What impact did the Persian Wars have on Greece? How did Athens enjoy a golden age under Pericles? What were the causes and effects of the Peloponnesian War?

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CONFLICT IN THE GREEK CITY-STATESDescribe the Athenian victory at MarathonExplain the aftermath of MarathonIn detail describe life in Athens under

PericlesWho fought in the Peloponnesian War, why

were they fighting, and what was the result of the war?

REVIEWHow did Pericles

contribute to Athenian

greatness?

How did the growth of

Athenian power lead to war?

Compare Athenian democracy during the Age

of Pericles to American democracy today. How are they similar? How are the

different?

THE GLORY THAT WAS GREECE

The Big Idea –Greek thinkers, artists, and writers explored the nature of the universe and the place of people in it

Vocabulary – rhetoric, tragedy, comedyFocus – What political and ethical ideas did

Greek philosophers develop? What were the goals of Greek architects and artists? What themes did Greek writers and historians explore?

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THE ARTSY SIDE OF GREECEWhat were issues Greek philosophers

wanted to study, and why?Summarize the life of SocratesSummarize the life of PlatoSummarize the life of AristotleDescribe Greek architecture and artDescribe Greek poetry and drama

REVIEWWhy did Plato reject

democracy as a form of government? What did he describe as the ideal form of government?

What standard of beauty did Greek

artist follow?

Why do you think many Greeks

condemned the ideas of the Sophists?

ALEXANDER AND THE HELLENISTIC AGE

The Big Idea – Alexander the Great created a large empire and spread Greek culture throughout the region

Vocabulary – assassination, assimilate, heliocentric

Focus – How did Alexander the Great build a huge empire? What were the results of Alexander’s conquests? How did individuals contribute to Hellenistic civilization?

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ALEXANDER THE GREATHow did Alexander come to power? What

was his vision?What was Alexander's legacy?Describe Hellenistic views on the following:

Thought, learning, arts and architecture, and medicine

REVIEWHow did

Alexander’s conquests lead to a new civilization?

What new ideas did the Stoics introduce?

Would you agree that Alexander deserved

to be called “The Great”? Why or why

not?

CHAPTER OVERVIEW1. The Roman World Takes Shape

2. From Republic to Empire3. The Roman Achievement4. The Rise of Christianity

5. The Long Decline

ANCIENT ROME AND THE RISE OF CHRISTIANITY 509 B.C. – A.D. 476

Chapter Six

THE ROMAN WORLD TAKES SHAPE

The Big Idea – Rome developed a republican form of government based on strong civic virtues and gained control over much of the Italian peninsula

Vocabulary – Republic, patrician, consul, dictator, plebeian, tribune, veto, legion

Focus – How did geography shape the early development of Rome? What were the major characteristics of government and society in the Roman republic? Why was Rome’s expansion in Italy successful?

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THE ROMAN REPUBLIC What three aspects of Italy’s geography

made it easier to unify than Greece?Why did the Romans set up a form of

government known as a republic? How did plebeians gain power?What was the changing role of women?

Why was Rome easily able to conquer all of Italy?

Why did most conquered lands remain loyal to Rome?

REVIEWWhat reforms did

plebeians win during the early

republic?

How did male and female roles differ

in the Roman family?

Roman heroes were admired for their courage,

loyalty, and devotion to duty. What qualities do

American heroes display?

FROM REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE

The Big Idea – As Roman power spread around the Mediterranean, the republic ended and the age of the Roman empire began

Vocabulary – Imperialism, province, latifundia, census

Focus – How did Rome win an empire? Why did the Roman republic decline? How did Roman emperors promote peace and stability in the empire?

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THE ROMAN EMPIRE Rome and Carthage fought three wars between 264-146 B.C.

List these wars, why they were fought and the outcome What were the social and economic effects of these wars? Describe the reform efforts of the Gracchus brothers Describe the life and accomplishments of Julius

Caesar What contributed to Rome having

a stable government in the newempire

Who were considered good emperors?Who were considered bad emperors?What made them good or bad?

Describe the Pax Romana What was the Circus Maximus and Gladiator

contests?

REVIEWHow did Rome build an empire around the Mediterranean

Sea?

What problems contributed to the end of the Roman

republic?

How do you think the founders of the Roman

republic would have viewed the government of

the Roman empire? Explain.

THE ROMAN ACHIEVEMENT

The Big Idea – Romans absorbed ideas from other cultures and made great advancements in law, literature, engineering, and other areas

Vocabulary – Satirize, mosaic, aqueductFocus – How was Greco-Roman civilization

formed? What were some Roman contributions to literature, the arts, and technology? What principles of law did Romans develop?

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ACHIEVEMENT IN ROMEDescribe Roman achievement in the following

area: LiteratureDescribe Roman achievement in the following

area: HistoryDescribe Roman achievement in the following

area: ArtDescribe Roman achievement in the following

area: ArchitectureDescribe Roman achievement in the

following area: Engineering• Describe Roman achievement in

the following area: Law

REVIEWHow did Greek

culture influence the development of Roman civilization?

What principles of law did

Romans develop?

Give two examples of how the principles of

law developed by Rome affect life in the United States today

THE RISE OF CHRISTIANITY

The Big Idea – A new religion, Christianity, emerged in the roman empire. It gradually spread and became the official religion of the empire

Vocabulary – Messiah, apostle, martyr, bishop, diocese, pope, heresy

Focus – What was Rome’s policy towards different religions in the early empire? What were the major teachings of Jesus, and how were they spread? How did the early Christian Church develop?

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ORIGINS OF CHRISTIANITYWhat were some early Roman religions? How

tolerant were Romans towards other religions and Jews?

Who was Jesus (early life and death) and what was his message?

Describe the spread of Christianity?How was the early Christian church structured?What were some of the divisions in the

Christian church?Who were Clement and Origen? What

were their teachings?

REVIEWWhat was Rome’s

policy towards most of the religions in

the empire?

Describe three basic teachings of Jesus.

Why did many people find Jesus’ ideas

attractive?

Why do you think Christianity has

withstood the test of time?

THE LONG DECLINE

The Big Idea – Foreign invasions, along with political, social, and economic problems, led to the fall of the Roman empire

Vocabulary – Inflation, mercenaryFocus – How did Roman emperors try to end the

crisis in the empire? How did Hun invasions contribute to the decline of Rome? How did economic and social problems lead to the fall of Rome?

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THE FALL OF ROMEDescribe some problems Rome had for the

hundred years after the Pax Romana following Marcus Aurelius’ death

Describe the life and accomplishments of Emperor Diocletian

Describe the life and accomplishments of Emperor Constantine

List the different invasion against Rome and how

each affected the empire• List specific reasons for the fall of

the Roman empire. Explain each

REVIEWHow did the

invasion of the Huns weaken the Roman empire?

What social problems contributed to the

decline of the Roman empire?

What were the causes and effects of the

division of the Roman empire into two

parts?

CHAPTER OVERVIEW1. Civilizations of Middle America

2. The World of the Incas3. Peoples of North America

CIVILIZATONS OF THE AMERICAS1400 B.C -A.D. 1570

Chapter Seven

CIVILIZATIONS OF MIDDLE AMERICA

The Big Idea – Climate and geography contributed to the rise of several powerful civilizations in Middle America

Vocabulary – Global warming, plains, chinampas, tribute

Focus – How did geography affect the development of cultures in the Americas? What were the main features of Olmec and Mayan civilizations? How did the Aztec culture develop?

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THE AZTEC, OLMEC, AND MAYANSDescribe the geography of the Americas

including the following: Climate, regions, and agriculture

Who were the Olmecs? Describe the following: their cities, their education system.

Who were the Mayans? Describe the following: their agriculture, cities, social classes, educations system

Who were the Aztecs? Describe the following: their government, social classes,religious beliefs, educations system

REVIEWHow did early people

adapt to different environments in the

Americas?

How did the Aztecs build and

control a powerful empire in Mexico?

Which civilization would you rather live in; Olmec, Aztec, or

Mayan? Why?

THE WORLD OF THE INCASThe Big Idea – The Incas built a complex

civilization that relied on order and absolute authority

Vocabulary – Glyph, quipu, alloyFocus – What were the main achievements

of the early peoples of Peru? How did Incan emperors extend and maintain their empire? How did the Incas live?

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THE INCASDescribe the life and times of the Chavin

cultureDescribe the life and times of the Mochica

cultureDescribe the life and times of the Nazca

cultureDescribe the government of the Incan

empireExplain the importance of the Incan road

systemDescribe Incan society in the following

areas: Farming, metalworking, medicine, and religion

REVIEWDescribe two

ways in which the Incas united their

empire.

What were some elements of daily life for the Incas?

For the Incas what might be some of the

advantages to absolute rule, what might some of the disadvantages be?

PEOPLES OF NORTH AMERICAThe Big Idea – Geographic diversity contributed

to the growth of a great variety of cultures in North America

Vocabulary – Pueblo, kiva, potlatch Focus – How did people in the desert southwest

adapt to their environment? How did the culture of the Mound Builders reflect their contact with other regions? How did the diverse regional cultures in the Americas differ from one another?

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DIVERSE CULTURES OF NORTH AMERICADescribe life and civilizations in the desert

southwestWho were the mound builders? What is

their greatest accomplishment, and what happened to them?

What are the ten cultural areas identified by geologist based on environment in North America? Describe three of these regions described in your text

REVIEW. How did the

Hohokams farm the desert

southwest?

Give examples of how the environment

influenced three early cultures of North

America

If you could go back in time and ask the

mound builders three questions, what would

you ask them and why?

REGIONAL CIVILIZATIONS750 B.C – A.D. 1650

UNIT THREEWorld History Ms. Horvath

CHAPTER OVERVIEW1. The Early Middle Ages

2. Feudalism and the Manor Economy3. The Medieval Church

4. Economic Expansion and Change

THE RISE OF EUROPE500-1300

Chapter Eight

THE EARLY MIDDLE AGESThe Big Idea – After the fall of Rome,

Germanic tribes divided Western Europe into many small kingdoms

Vocabulary – Medieval, missi dominici, frontierFocus – Why was Western Europe a frontier

land during the early Middle Ages? How did Germanic kingdoms gain power in the early Middle Ages? How did Charlemagne briefly reunite much of Western Europe?

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LIFE IN THE MIDDLE AGESDescribe the natural and manmade geography

of Western EuropeWho were the Franks? Who led them

and what was the religious orientation?Who are the Muslims? What influence

did they have in Europe?Who was Charlemagne? Describe his

life and rise to powerDescribe government and learning

under CharlemagneWhat was life like after Charlemagne

REVIEWWhat untapped

resources did Western Europe possess in the early Middle Ages?

How did Clovis increase the power

of the Frankish kingdoms?

Which of Charlemagne's accomplishments do you

think had the most lasting importance?

Why?

FEUDALISM AND THE MANOR ECONOMY

The Big Idea – A new political and social system, called feudalism, shaped medieval life

Vocabulary – feudalism, vassal, fief, knight, chivalry, troubadour, manor, serf

Focus – How did Feudalism shape medieval society? What was feudal life like for nobles and peasants? What was the basis of the manor economy?

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THE FEUDAL SYSTEMWhat is Feudalism? How is power

structured in such a system? Describe the duties and life of a knightDescribe the duties and life of a noble

womanExplain the code of conduct called chivalry Describe the duties and life of a peasant

REVIEWDescribe three

features of feudal society

Explain the give take relationship between a lord and peasant

How did the breakdown of central authority in

Europe lead to the development of

feudalism?

THE MEDIEVAL CHURCHThe Big Idea – The Church played a vital role in

medieval life and in time grew into a secular power as well

Vocabulary – Sacrament, tithe, secular, papal supremacy, canon law, excommunication, interdict, simony, friar, anti-Semitism

Focus – How did the Church and its monks and nuns shape medieval life? How did the power of the Church grow? How did reformers work for change in the Church? What problems did Jewish communities face?

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THE CHURCH IN MEDIEVAL DAYSWhat were the duties of the parish priest? What purposes did the village church serve? Describe the life and duties of monks and nunsDescribe the power of the popeDescribe religious law such as canon law,

excommunication, and the interdictDescribe the Cluniac Reforms Describe the life and times of Francis of

Assisi What was life like for Jews in Europe?

REVIEWDescribe three

ways the Church shaped Medieval

life

Why were Jewish communities able

to flourish in Spain?

What views did the Church put forth about women?

Why do you think important leaders were

willing to accept the advice of Hildegard of Bingen?

ECONOMIC EXPANSION AND CHANGE

The Big Idea – During the High Middle Ages, Europe's economy grew, cities and towns expanded, and a middle class arose

Vocabulary – Charter, capital, tenant farmer, usury, guild, apprentice, journeyman

Focus – How did new technologies spark an agricultural revolution? How did the revival of trade revolutionize commerce? How were guilds linked to the rise of towns and cities?

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MEDIEVAL GUILDS List new technologies developed. How did these

technologies lead to increased production? How did new trade routes lead to the

development of cities? Explain new merchant business practices How did new ways of doing business transform

medieval society?What were the roles of guilds?How did one become a guild member?What role did women play in guilds?Describe town and city life

REVIEWWhat were two effects of the

agricultural revolution that took place during

the Middle Ages?

How did the merchant guild differ from the

craft guild?

Give three pieces of evidence to support the

idea that the High Middle Ages were a time

of economic growth

CHAPTER OVERVIEW1. Growth of Royal Power in England and France

2. The Holy Roman Empire and the Church 3. Europeans Look Outward

4. Learning, Literature, and the Arts5. A Time of Crisis

THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES1050-1450

Chapter Nine

GROWTH OF ROYAL POWER IN ENGLAND AND FRANCE

The Big Idea – In England and France, monarchs expanded royal authority and laid the foundation for united nation-states

Vocabulary – Exchequer, common law, juryFocus – How did monarchs gain power over

nobles and the Church? What traditions of government developed under John and later English monarchs? How did strong monarchs succeed in unifying France?

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MONARCHS AND THE CHURCHDescribe the influence of Duke WilliamDescribe the influence of Henry II Describe the influence of Henry’s son John. What was

his relationship with King Phillip II, Pope Innocent II, and his own nobles?

Explain the Magna Carta and its effectsDescribe in detail the development

and need for parliament Explain the CapetiansDescribe Philip Augustus and his

influenceDescribe Louis IX and his influenceDescribe Phillip IV and his influence

REVIEWHow were nobles and the Church obstacles

for monarchs who wanted more power?

How did the Capetians

increase royal power in France?

How is the jury system

important to us today?

THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE AND THE CHURCH

The Big Idea – With secular and religious rulers advancing rivals claims to power, explosive conflicts erupted between monarchs and popes

Vocabulary – Lay investiture, annul, crusade Focus – Why did Holy Roman emperors fail to

build a unified state in Germany? How did power struggles and rivalry in Italy affect popes and emperors? What powers did the Church have at its height?

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ROMAN EMPIRE AND THE CHURCHList specific examples and describe conflict

between popes and emperorsDescribe the struggle for power in ItalyDescribe the height of power Innocent III

held

REVIEWWhy was the

power of German emperors limited?

How did conflict between popes and emperors affect (a)

the Holy Roman Empire (b) Italy?

How did the political development of the Holy Roman Empire differ from that of

England and France?

EUROPEANS LOOK OUTWARDThe Big Idea – The Crusades stimulated

economic and political change in Europe and broadened Europeans’ view of the world

Vocabulary – Schism, levy, religious tolerationFocus – What advanced civilizations flourished

around the world in 1050? What were the causes and effects of the Crusades? How did Christians in Spain carry out the Reconquista?

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EUROPEANS EXPLOREDescribe life in Western Europe around

1050What were the Crusades? Who fought in

them and why? Who won and what did it mean?

What were the effects of the Crusades (economically, politically, religiously, for the world)?

What was the Reconquista, how did it effect people’s lives?

Who were Ferdinand and Isabella?What effects did they have globally?

REVIEWWhat advanced

civilizations existed around the world at the time of the First

Crusades?

How did Spain achieve political

and religious unity?

How did the Crusades reflect the growing strength of medieval Europe?

LEARNING, LITERATURE, AND THE ARTS

The Big Idea – As economic and political conditions improved, Europeans made notable achievements in learning, literature, and the arts

Vocabulary – Scholasticism, vernacular, epic, illumination

Focus – How did medieval universities advance learning? How did “new” learning affect medieval thought? What styles of literature, architecture, and art developed in the High Middle Ages?

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LEARNING IN THE MIDDLE AGESWho was able to get educated in medieval times?

What was the education structure, what was one most likely to study?

If you were a woman what was expected other than education? Who was Christine de Pizan? Detail her life

What was the conflict between religion and education?

• Explain literature in medieval times. Explain epics, and comedies, give examples

• Describe architecture in medieval times. Give examples

REVIEWWhat subjects were

included in the course of study in medieval

universities ?

How did new knowledge pose a

challenge to Christian scholars?

WHY DO YOU THINK gothic churches are

sometimes referred to as “Bibles in Stone”?

A TIME OF CRISISThe Big Idea – Plague, upheaval in the

Church, and war made the 1300s and early 1400s a time of crisis for Europeans

Vocabulary – Epidemic, inflation, longbow Focus – How did the Black Death cause

social and economic decline? What problems afflicted the Church in the late Middle Ages? What were the causes, turning points, and effects of the Hundred Years’ War?

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PLAGUEWhat was the Black Death? Why did it

reach epidemic proportions? Who did the Black death effect? What were

the lasting effects?What crisis’, scandals, and divisions were

created in the Catholic church?What were the causes and effects of the

Hundred Year War?Describe the life and times of Joan of

Arc

REVIEWWhat were three

effects the bubonic plague had on

medieval Europe?

Describe your opinion of Joan of Arc

Compare the effects of the Hundred

Years’ War on France and on England

CHAPTER OVERVIEW1. The Byzantine Empire

2. The Rise of Russia3. Shaping Eastern Europe

THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE AND RUSSIA 330-1613

Chapter Ten

THE BYZANTINE EMPIREThe Big Idea – The emperor Justinian

expanded the Byzantine empire, erected grand buildings, and established a code of laws

Vocabulary – Autocrat, patriarch, iconFocus – How did Justinian extend Byzantine

powers? What were the key statements of Byzantine Christianity? Why did the Byzantine empire collapse? What was the heritage of the Byzantine empire?

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Byzantine PowerWhat area covered the Byzantine Empire?Describe the city of Constantinople Describe the rule of the emperor Justinian .

Discuss Hagia Sophia, Corpus Juris Civilis, and his absolute power

• Describe Christianity under the Byzantine Empire

• What caused the fall of the Byzantine Empire? What were the effects?

• What was the heritage of the Byzantine Empire?

REVIEWWhat are the

differences between Byzantine Christianity and Roman Catholic

Christianity?

How did the Crusades affect the Byzantine

Empire?

Which of Justinian's contributions do you

think was most important and had the most lasting impact?

THE RISE OF RUSSIAThe Big Idea – In its early years, Russia

was influenced by the Slavs, Vikings, Byzantines, and Mongols

Vocabulary – Steppe, boyar, czar Focus – How did geography help shape

early Russia and the growth of Kiev? How did the Mongol conquest affect Russia?

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RUSSIAN CONQUESTDescribe the geography of RussiaWho were the Varangians and why were they

important? What influences did the Byzantine Empire have

over Russia?Describe the influences of the Mongols

and Genghis KhanExplain the influence and importance of

Ivan the GreatExplain the influence and importance of

Ivan the Terrible

REVIEWHow did Mongol rule

influence the economy and political structure of Russia?

How did Ivan III and Ivan IV

establish royal power in Russia?

What have you done differently if you had

been emperor of Russia during this

time period?

SHAPING EASTERN EUROPEThe Big Idea – Ethnic diversity contributed

to the varied cultural traditions of Eastern Europe

Vocabulary – Ethnic group, dietFocus – How did geography influence

developments in Eastern Europe? Why did Eastern Europe become a cultural crossroads with a diverse mix of peoples? What threats did the early kingdoms of Europe face?

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EASTERN EUROPEDescribe the geography of Eastern EuropeWhat nations made up the Balkans? Why

did so many Jews settle in areas of Eastern Europe?

Describe the following nations: Poland, Hungary, and Serbia

REVIEWHow did Eastern Europe become home to many ethnic groups?

What relationship did the Ottoman Turks have with the early kingdoms of Eastern

Europe?

How were the histories of Poland,

Hungary, and Serbia similar? How were

they different?

CHAPTER OVERVIEW1. Rise of Islam2. Islam Spreads

3. Golden Age of Muslim Civilization4. Muslims in India

5. The Ottoman and Safavid Empires

THE MULSLIM WORLD622-1629

Chapter Eleven

RISE OF ISLAMThe Big Idea – Islam arose in the Arabian

Peninsula and became one of the world’s major religions

Vocabulary – Hijra, monotheistic, mosque, hajj, jihad

Focus – How did Muhammad become the prophet of Islam? What are the teachings of Islam? How did Islam help shape the way of life of its believers?

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MUHAMMAD AND HIS FOLLOWERSDescribe Mecca and it’s geographyWho was Muhammad? Describe the origins

of his faithWhat are the basic teachings of Islam?List and describe the Five Pillars of the

Islamic faith• What is the Quran? What are it’s

basic teachings?• Describe the Muslim way of life

including the principle of Sharia, and how women are treated in society

REVIEWHow did

Muhammad become the

prophet of Islam?

How do the Quran and Sharia guide the lives of

Muslims?

In what ways are the religious teachings of Islam similar to those

of Judaism and Christianity?

ISLAM SPREADS The Big Idea – Inspired by Muhammad’s

teachings, Arab armies spread Islam through parts of three continents

Vocabulary – Caliph, minaret, muezzin, sultan

Focus – How did Muslims conquer many lands? What movements emerged within Islam? Why did the empire of the caliphs decline?

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ISLAM GROWSAs new successors to Muhammad spread Islam

why did it they have such success? How did Muslim’s treat the people they conquered? Explain the difference between Sunni and Shiite

MuslimsDescribe the Umayyads

and AbbassidsDescribe the series of

invasions between 900-1400which led to the decline of the caliphate

REVIEWGive three reasons

for the rapid success of the Arab conquests

What issues divided Sunni Muslims and

Shiite Muslims?

How did the migration of the

Turks lead to conflict in the Middle East?

GOLDEN AGE OF MUSLIM CIVILIZATION

The Big Idea – During the Abbassid golden age, Muslims made advances in economics, art, literature, and science

Vocabulary – Arabesque, calligraphyFocus – How were the Muslim society and

economy organized? What traditions influenced Muslim art and literature? What advances did Muslims make in centers of learning?

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ISLAM’S GOLD AGEDescribe the social structure and social mobility

of Muslim societyDescribe the trade network of the Muslim worldWhat did the Muslims manufacture and grow? Detail arts and literature of Muslim society

• Describe the Muslim world of learning including the following: Philosophy, and math

• Describe the Muslim world of learning including the following: Astronomy, and medicine

REVIEWHow did new

business methods encourage trade and industry?

How did the teachings of

Islam influence the arts?

What is your opinion of the Muslim faith?

Explain.

MUSLIMS IN INDIAThe Big Idea – Muslims invasions and rule

over India led to cultural diffusion as well as bloody clashes between Muslims and Hindus

Vocabulary – Sultanate, caste, rajah Focus – What impact did the Delhi

sultanate have on India? How did Muslims and Hindu traditions clash and blend? How did Akbar strengthen Mughal India?

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MUSLIMS IN INDIADescribe the origins of the Delhi Sultanate,

the effects of it’s rule, and declineCompare and contrast Muslims and HindusDescribe Mughal India under Babur and

Akbar the Great

REVIEWHow did Delhi

sultans affect life in northern

India?

How did relations between Hindus

and Muslims evolve over time?

Rulers after Akbar rejected the policy of toleration of other

religions beliefs. How do you think this rejection of

toleration affected relations between Hindus and Muslims?

Explain

THE OTTOMAN AND SAFAVID EMPIRES

The Big Idea – Ottoman and Safavid rulers governed large empires and encouraged cultural achievements

Vocabulary – Millet, janizary, shah Focus – How did the Ottoman empire

expand? What were the characteristics of Ottoman culture? How did Abbas the Great strengthen the Safavid empire?

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THE OTTOMANS AND SAFAVIDSDescribe the rule of the sultan SuleimanList and describe the four social classes of

the OttomansDescribe what it was to be a janizary Describe literature and art of the Ottoman

empireDescribe the life and times of Abbas the

Great along with the decline of the Safavid empire

REVIEWDescribe the

geographic extent of the Ottoman

empire at its height

Describe how Suleiman governed

and made the Ottoman empire

flourish

Why do you think Ottoman and Safavid rulers allowed some religious toleration in

their empires?

CHAPTER OVERVIEW1. Early Civilizations of Africa 2. Kingdoms of West Africa

3. Trade Routes of East Africa4. Many Peoples, Many Traditions

KINGDOMS AND TRADING STATES 750-1586

Chapter Twelve

EARLY CIVILIZATIONS OF AFRICA

The Big Idea – Africa’s geographic features had a major impact on the development of societies

Vocabulary – Savanna, desertification, outpost

Focus – How did geography affect cultural development and the migration of people? What were the achievements of the kingdom of Nubia? How did outside influences lead to change in North Africa?

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KINGDOMS OF THE NILEDescribe the geography of Africa including

climate zones and resourcesDescribe Nubian societyDescribe Northern Africa

REVIEWHow did Nubia

prosper?What geographic barriers hindered

movement in Africa?

How might life in the United States be affected if well

watered areas began to turn into desert?

KINGDOMS OF WEST AFRICAThe Big Idea – Between about A.D. 800 and

A.D. 1600, several powerful kingdoms won control of the Sahara trade and built prosperous cities in West Africa

Vocabulary – Surplus, commodity, mansa, obo

Focus – Why were gold and salt important in early Africa? How did the rulers of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai build strong kingdoms? How did other West African kingdoms develop?

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GOLD AND SALT IN AFRICAWhere was gold found in Africa? Where was salt

found in Africa? What was the value of each?Describe the land and people of GhanaDescribe the land and people (including Mansa

Musa) of MaliDescribe the land and people (including

leaders) of Songhai. Also describe their invaders

• Describe the land and people of Hausa

• Describe the land and people of Benin

REVIEWHow did the gold-salt trade develop

between West Africa and North Africa?

How did Mansa Musa, Sonni Ali, and Askia Muhammad change

their kingdoms?

Of all the African kingdoms described

which would you want to live in and why?

TRADE ROUTES OF EAST AFRICA

The Big Idea – Religion and trade played an important role in Ethiopia and East Africa city-states

Vocabulary – YAY NONE!!!! Focus – How did religion influence the

development of Axum and Ethiopia? What effects did trade have on city-states in East Africa? What have archaeologist discovered about Great Zimbabwe?

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EAST AFRICAN CITY STATESDescribe the kingdom of Axum. Include

information about its geography, trade, and religion

Describe the trade (include what they traded) and culture of African city-state

Describe the kingdom of Zimbabwe. Include information about its geography, economy, government, and decline

REVIEWWhy did Axum become a key

trading center for three continents?

How did trade encourage a blending of cultures in East African city-states

such as Kilwa, Mombasa,k and Mongadishu?

Why did Ethiopia become increasingly

isolated from its neighbors over the

centuries?

MANY PEOPLES, MANY TRADITIONS

The Big Idea – The process of adapting to the land contributed to the development of many different cultures in Africa

Vocabulary – Slash and burn agriculture, patrilineal, matrilineal, lineage, griot

Focus – How did the interaction of people and the environment lead to diverse societies? How did government, family, and religion hold African societies together? How did artistic and literary traditions reflect the values of African societies?

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PEOPLE OF AFRICA List and describe ways people of Africa got

foodDescribe different forms of village

governmentDescribe how African families were

structuredExplain African religious beliefsDescribe African arts Describe African literature

REVIEWList three examples of how the environment

influenced African society

What types of institutions and

traditions held African societies together?

How was art connected to

religion in African cultures?

CHAPTER OVERVIEW1. Two Golden Ages of China

2. The Mongol and Mink Empires3. Korea and Its Traditions 4. The Emergence of Japan

5. Japan’s Feudal Age

SPREAD OF CIVILIZATION IN EAST ASIA500-1650

Chapter Thirteen

THE GOLDEN AGES OF CHINAThe Big Idea – The Tang and Song dynasties

restored culture and prosperity to ChinaVocabulary – Usurp, tributary state, land

reform, gentry, pagodaFocus – How did Tang and Song rulers ensure

Chinese unity and prosperity? How did Chinese society reflect Confucian traditions? What were the literary and artistic achievements of Tang and Song China?

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THE SONG AND THE TANGDescribe the Tang Dynasty including the following:

Emperors, years of rule, government, economy, and decline

Describe the Song Dynasty including the following: Years of rule, economy, agriculture, trade

Describe the social structure of Chinese society including the following: Gentry, peasants, merchants,

• and women• Describe arts and literature of

t the Song and Tang Dynasties

REVIEWIn what ways did

the rise of the Tang and Song dynasties

benefit China?

How did the social structure of the Tang and Song dynasties

reflect Confucian traditions?

“Distant water cannot put out a nearby fire.” How

does this saying reflect the nature of village

government under the Tang and Song dynasties?

THE MONGOL AND MING EMPIRES

The Big Idea – Mongol armies conquered China, much of Asia, and part of Europe, but in time, the Ming dynasty regained control in China

Vocabulary – YAY NONE!!!! PS You’re welcome ;)

Focus – How did the Mongols conquer and rule a huge empire? What were the effects of Mongol rule on China? How did the Ming restore Chinese rule? What policies did the Ming pursue with regard to the outside world?

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THE MONGOLS AND MINGDescribe the Mongols including the following: Who

were they, what did they conquest, how did they rule, and what was peace like in their kingdom?

Describe the Mongols including the following: Government, interactions with Marco Polo

Describe life under the Ming dynasty including the following:Emperors, social/governmentstructure, economy, culture

Describe the life and times ofZheng He

REVIEWHow did the Mongol conquests promote trade and cultural

exchanges?

How did Kublai Khan organize Mongol rule in

China?

What does Marco Polo’s awe at the glories of China

suggest about the differences between China and Europe at that time?

KOREA AND ITS TRADITIONSThe Big Idea – Korea’s history and culture

were linked closely to those of China and Japan

Vocabulary – Celadon, hangul, literacy rate Focus – How did geography affect life in

the Korean peninsula? How did Korea maintain its unity and independence despite Chinese influence? What were the major achievements of the Choson dynasty?

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KOREA In detail describe the physical and cultural

geography of KoreaDescribe the Chinese and Buddhist

influences on KoreaDescribe the Choson dynasty

REVIEWGive two examples of how Koreans adapted or modified Chinese

ideas under the Shilla or Koryo dynasty

How did Korea preserve it’s own identity?

Today, Hangul Day is a holiday in South Korea.

Why do you think Koreans celebrate the creation of

their alphabet?

THE EMERGENCE OF JAPANThe Big Idea – Japan borrowed elements of

Chinese civilization but remained free of Chinese control

Vocabulary – Archipelago, tsunami, selective borrowing, kana

Focus – What geographic features influenced the early development of Japan? How did Chinese civilization influence early Japanese traditions? What traditions emerged at the Heian court?

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JAPAN TAKES CENTER STAGEDescribe the geography of JapanDescribe clan life of Japan including:

Yamato Clan and Shinto Clan Explain ways Japanese and

Korean cultures are related• Explain ways Japanese and

Chinese cultures are related• Describe the Heian Period of

Japanese history• Describe Lady Murasaki

REVIEWDescribe two ways in which geography affected Japanese

life and culture

How did the Japanese preserve their own identity

and culture?

How was the Japanese development of kana similar to the Korean

development of hangul?

JAPAN’S FEUDAL AGEThe Big Idea – During feudal times, military

rulers called shoguns dominated Japanese society and eventually created a strong central government

Vocabulary – Shogun, daimyo, samurai, bushido, kabuki, bunraku, haiku

Focus – at changes took place under the Tokugawa shoguns? What cultural and artistic traditions emerged in feudal Japan?

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FEUDAL JAPANDescribe the warriors of Japan including the

following: Shogun, daimyo, samurai, bushido

Describe the status of the following: Noblewomen, peasants, artisans, and merchants

Describe the Mongol invasionsExplain the rule of the

Tokugawa shogunate Describe Zen Buddhism Describe art and literature

In Japan

REVIEWWhat groups or individuals held

the most power in feudal Japan?

How did the growth of towns

influence Japanese arts and literature?

Why do you think the Tokugawas

wanted to restrict the role of women?

Organizational OverviewName and title

Name and title

Name and title Name and title Name and title

Review of Prior Goals

Financial Competitive Progress

Revenue and Profit

Forecast vs. actual

Gross margin

Important trends

Compare company to

rest of market

Key Spending Areas

Research and development

Sales and

marketing

General and

administration

Areas of

improvement

Areas needin

g attention/caut

ion

Goals for Next Period

Strategic undertakings Other key efforts