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EARTHS MATERIALS ROCKS AND MINERALS

EARTHS MATERIALS

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EARTHS MATERIALS. ROCKS AND MINERALS. MINERALS VS ROCKS. MINERAL is a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystal structure and a characteristic chemical composition. These are the building blocks of rocks. Granite is an example you can see the individual crystals. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: EARTHS MATERIALS

EARTHS MATERIALS

ROCKS AND MINERALS

Page 2: EARTHS MATERIALS

MINERALS VS ROCKS• MINERAL is a naturally occurring inorganic solid

with a crystal structure and a characteristic chemical composition.

• These are the building blocks of rocks. • Granite is an example you can see the individual

crystals

Page 3: EARTHS MATERIALS

Properties of Minerals• Crystal structure: The arrangement of the

atoms.• The difference in the crystal structuresbetween these two minerals

offers anidea of thediversity ofcrystalline forms.

Page 4: EARTHS MATERIALS

Color

• Color: Some can be deceptive like quartz.

Page 5: EARTHS MATERIALS

Streak

• Streak: Scrape the mineral on an unglazed porcelain plate and observe the color.

http://faculty.chemeketa.edu/afrank1/rocks/minerals/streak.htm

Page 6: EARTHS MATERIALS

Luster• Metallic/Nonmetallic Luster The

luster of a mineral is the way its surface reflects light. Most terms used to describe luster are self-explanatory: metallic, earthy, waxy, greasy, vitreous (glassy), adamantine (or brilliant, as in a faceted diamond). It will be necessary, at least at first, only to distinguish between minerals with a metallic luster and those with one of the non-metallic lusters.

Page 7: EARTHS MATERIALS

http://faculty.chemeketa.edu/afrank1/rocks/minerals/luster.htm

Page 8: EARTHS MATERIALS

Density

Mass / volume

Please see chart on page 667

Page 9: EARTHS MATERIALS

Hardness

• Hardness is the resistance of a mineral to scratching.

• Diamond is the hardest mineral with a rating of 10.

Page 10: EARTHS MATERIALS

Fracture and Cleavage• Fracture: how a mineral breaks• Cleavage: a type of fracture where the mineral splits along regular well defined planes.

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• Do Data analysis pg 667• Section assessment pg. 669

Page 12: EARTHS MATERIALS

Rocks and the Rock cycle

• Three major groups of rocks• Igneous• Sedimentary• Metamorphic• This is based on how they are formed

Page 13: EARTHS MATERIALS

http://sharksrulescienceiscool.weebly.com/rocks--minerals.html

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Igneous rock

• This rock forms from magma• This forms when molten material cools and

solidifies either inside the earth or on the surface.

• Intrusive is under the earth, like granite• Extrusive is on the surface of the earth., like

basalt

Page 16: EARTHS MATERIALS

Volcanic neck

• A volcanic neck is a cylindrical-shaped landform standing above the surface created by magma solidifying in the vent of a volcano. Erosion of the sides of the volcano exposes the neck.

• This is a volcanic intrusion that is exposed as the surrounding soil erodes

Page 17: EARTHS MATERIALS
Page 18: EARTHS MATERIALS

Sedimentary

• A rock that forms over time as sediment is squeezed and cemented together.

• Three types:• Clastic• Chemical• Organic

Page 19: EARTHS MATERIALS

Clastic Rocks

• Made from the broken fragments of other rocks.

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Chemical Rock

• Minerals precipitate out of a solution

Iron Ore is a chemical sedimentary rock that forms when iron and oxygen (and sometimes other substances) combine in solution and deposit as a sediment. Hematite (shown above) is the most common sedimentary iron ore mineral. The specimen shown above is about two inches (five centimeters) across.

http://geology.com/rocks/sedimentary-rocks.shtml

Page 21: EARTHS MATERIALS

Organic Rock

Coal is an organic sedimentary rock that forms from the accumulation and preservation of plant materials, usually in a swamp environment.

http://geology.com/rocks/sedimentary-rocks.shtml

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Metamorphic

• Rock change by temperature, pressure or chemical reaction with hot water.

• The original rock can be any type. The results is a new type of rock.

• It can also have a new mineral content. • A new texture

Page 23: EARTHS MATERIALS

Rock Cycle

Page 24: EARTHS MATERIALS

Rock lab

• http://www.rockhounds.com/rockshop/rockkey/index.html#granite

• To help Identify rocks you brought from home.

Page 25: EARTHS MATERIALS

The End