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Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and Vehic Banu Sizirici Banu Sizirici Edward Voronko Edward Voronko Vijay Kumar Rayabharapu Vijay Kumar Rayabharapu

Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and Vehicles

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Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and Vehicles. Banu Sizirici Edward Voronko Vijay Kumar Rayabharapu. Contents. Eco Commerce Alternative Fuel Vehicles Hybrid Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Cars Solar Powered cars LPG vehicles NGV Alternative Fuels Conclusions. Eco Commerce. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

Eco Commerce ModelsAlternative Fuel and Vehicles

Banu Sizirici Banu Sizirici Edward VoronkoEdward VoronkoVijay Kumar RayabharapuVijay Kumar Rayabharapu

Page 2: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

ContentsContents

Eco CommerceEco CommerceAlternative Fuel VehiclesAlternative Fuel Vehicles HybridHybrid Hydrogen Fuel CellHydrogen Fuel Cell Electric CarsElectric Cars Solar Powered carsSolar Powered cars LPG vehiclesLPG vehicles NGV NGV Alternative FuelsAlternative FuelsConclusionsConclusions

Page 3: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

Eco CommerceEco Commerce

Eco commerceEco commerce is a business, investment, is a business, investment, and technology-development model that and technology-development model that employs market based solutions to employs market based solutions to balance the world’s energy needs and balance the world’s energy needs and environmental integrity. environmental integrity.

Page 4: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

Eco Commerce Models Eco Commerce Models ‘Alternative Fuels and ‘Alternative Fuels and

Vehicles’Vehicles’ the world’s transportation systems are the world’s transportation systems are

96% dependent on petroleum products. 96% dependent on petroleum products. alternative fuels are derived from alternative fuels are derived from

resources other than petroleum. resources other than petroleum. produced domestically, produced domestically, reduce our dependence on imported oil,reduce our dependence on imported oil, produce less pollution than gasoline or produce less pollution than gasoline or

diesel. diesel. utilize energy more efficiently utilize energy more efficiently

Page 5: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

Impact on environmentImpact on environment The impact of the gasoline cars in U.SThe impact of the gasoline cars in U.S

80% of carbon dioxide emissions, 80% of carbon dioxide emissions, 50% of nitrogen oxides, 50% of nitrogen oxides, 40% of volatile organic compounds (VOC). 40% of volatile organic compounds (VOC).

the impact on global air qualitythe impact on global air quality human healthhuman health global climate changeglobal climate change

Page 7: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

Pure battery-electric Pure battery-electric vehiclesvehicles

AdvantagesAdvantages No emissionNo emission 70% fewer moving 70% fewer moving

parts than combustion parts than combustion engine cars.engine cars.

Higher energy Higher energy efficiencyefficiency

DisadvantagesDisadvantages Cost, Range ($60,000-Cost, Range ($60,000-

$70,000)$70,000) Large amount of Large amount of

batteriesbatteries

Page 8: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

Hydrogen Fuel Cell electric Hydrogen Fuel Cell electric vehiclesvehicles

AdvantagesAdvantages Emissions are heat and Emissions are heat and

water vapor.water vapor. Higher energy efficiencyHigher energy efficiency

DisadvantagesDisadvantages Cost (Avg. $1,000,000)Cost (Avg. $1,000,000) High cost to produce High cost to produce

HydrogenHydrogen Hydrogen ContainmentHydrogen Containment High cost of building new High cost of building new

Hydrogen Fueling Hydrogen Fueling stationsstations

Page 9: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

Hydrogen VehiclesHydrogen Vehicles

Page 10: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

Conventional hybrid Conventional hybrid electric vehicleselectric vehicles

Use both gasoline Use both gasoline and electricityand electricity

Smaller stack of Smaller stack of batteries.batteries.

Smaller electric Smaller electric motor than plug-in motor than plug-in hybrid.hybrid.

Page 11: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

Plug-in hybrid electric Plug-in hybrid electric vehiclesvehicles

AdvantagesAdvantages

40% less greenhouse gas 40% less greenhouse gas emissions than conventional cars.emissions than conventional cars.

Batteries can be charged from Batteries can be charged from regular household electric outlets.regular household electric outlets.

High energy efficiencyHigh energy efficiency

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Batteries (Ni/MH batteries lasted Batteries (Ni/MH batteries lasted 2,000-3,000 cycles meaning that a 2,000-3,000 cycles meaning that a pack should last 130,000-150,000 pack should last 130,000-150,000 miles in plug-in hybrids or electric miles in plug-in hybrids or electric vehicles )vehicles )

High cost. (Avg. $4,000 – $6,000 High cost. (Avg. $4,000 – $6,000 more than conventional )more than conventional )

Page 13: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

Hybrid & Conventional Car Hybrid & Conventional Car EmissionsEmissions

VehicleCar emissions

(tons/year)Toyota Prius 3.5Honda Accord 6.9Chevrolet Malibu 8.1Toyota Camry 7.2Mazda 6 7Nissan Altima 7.5

Discription Honda Civic Honda Insight Toyota PriusCity MPG 48 57 60Highway MPG 47 56 51Emissions 4.1tons/year 3.5 tons/year 3.5 tons/yearEngine size 1.3 1 1.5

Page 14: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

Toyota PriusToyota Prius

Series – parallel hybrid.Series – parallel hybrid. Allowing the gasoline Allowing the gasoline

engine to drive the wheels engine to drive the wheels or to be disconnected.or to be disconnected.

Toyota Prius needs 2 gal. Toyota Prius needs 2 gal. To go 100 miles.To go 100 miles.

Average car needs 5 gal. Average car needs 5 gal. Of gasoline to go 100 mile.Of gasoline to go 100 mile.

Energy equivalent 1 gal. Energy equivalent 1 gal. Of gasoline = 34 kWh .Of gasoline = 34 kWh .

Page 15: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

Honda InsightHonda Insight

Parallel hybrid car .Parallel hybrid car . Parallel hybrid do Parallel hybrid do

not allow electric – not allow electric – only propulsion only propulsion

Requires 1.6 gal. Requires 1.6 gal. To travel 100 To travel 100 miles.miles.

Page 16: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

Solar Powered CarsSolar Powered Cars A solar car is an ultra-efficient A solar car is an ultra-efficient

vehicle that is powered primarily by vehicle that is powered primarily by sunlight. sunlight.

Page 17: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

Some Types Of Solar CarsSome Types Of Solar Cars

Page 18: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

Solar Powered Cars cont,Solar Powered Cars cont,

AdvantagesAdvantages Inexhaustible fuel source Vehicles.Inexhaustible fuel source Vehicles. No pollution.No pollution. Very cheaper way of transportation.Very cheaper way of transportation.

DisadvantagesDisadvantages Not Really Safe to drive on Roads.Not Really Safe to drive on Roads. Only areas of the world with lots of sunlight Only areas of the world with lots of sunlight

are suitable for solar powered vehicles.are suitable for solar powered vehicles.

Page 19: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

Natural Gas VehiclesNatural Gas Vehicles

2007 Civic GX NGV 2007 Civic GX NGV The Environmental The Environmental

Protection Agency Protection Agency (EPA) has (EPA) has recognized the recognized the natural-gas Civic GX natural-gas Civic GX as the cleanest as the cleanest internal-combustion internal-combustion vehicle on Earth vehicle on Earth

Page 20: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

AdvantagesAdvantages they reduce environmentally harmful

emissions. natural-gas vehicles can achieve up

to a 93 % reduction in CO emissions, 33 % reduction in oxides of nitrogen 50 % reduction in reactive HC costs are lower than gasoline.

Page 21: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

NGVs is not as roomy as gasoline NGVs is not as roomy as gasoline cars. cars.

limited driving range of NGVs, which limited driving range of NGVs, which is typically about half that of a is typically about half that of a gasoline-powered vehicle. gasoline-powered vehicle.

natural gas, like gasoline, is a fossil natural gas, like gasoline, is a fossil fuel and cannot be considered a fuel and cannot be considered a renewable resource. renewable resource.

Page 22: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

Ethanol VehiclesEthanol Vehicles

Ethanol vehicles Ethanol vehicles designed to operate on designed to operate on E85 (a blend of 85% E85 (a blend of 85% ethanol and 15% ethanol and 15% gasoline) are called gasoline) are called Flexible Fuel Vehicles Flexible Fuel Vehicles (FFVs). (FFVs).

FFVs are “flexible” FFVs are “flexible” because you can fill because you can fill them up with E85, them up with E85, regular gasoline or a regular gasoline or a combination of the two. combination of the two.

Ford Crown Victoria FFV

Nissan Armada 2WD

Page 23: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

AdvantagesAdvantages

Hassle-free driving.Hassle-free driving. Easy to refuel.Easy to refuel. Ethanol is renewable.Ethanol is renewable. Ethanol cars are as good as Ethanol cars are as good as

gasoline vehiclesgasoline vehicles.. E85 Vehicles Are Eco-FriendlyE85 Vehicles Are Eco-Friendly ..

Page 24: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Fuel EfficiencyFuel Efficiency-E85 reduces fuel -E85 reduces fuel economy by about 20 percent economy by about 20 percent

AvailabilityAvailability-It may be difficult to -It may be difficult to find a gas station that carries E85find a gas station that carries E85..

Limited SelectionLimited Selection

Page 25: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

LPG VEHICLESLPG VEHICLES

Volvo S/V40 Rover 45

Vauxhall Zafira  Volvo V70 

Page 26: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

AdvantagesAdvantages

A vehicle powered by LPG produces less A vehicle powered by LPG produces less harmful emissions - making it the cleaner, harmful emissions - making it the cleaner, greener option. greener option.

Driving an LPG vehicle is safe, easy and, best Driving an LPG vehicle is safe, easy and, best of all, much cheaper than petrol or diesel. of all, much cheaper than petrol or diesel.

Driving on LPG is virtually the same as driving Driving on LPG is virtually the same as driving a petrol or diesel car. And engine noise is a petrol or diesel car. And engine noise is around 50% lower with LPG than it is with around 50% lower with LPG than it is with diesel. diesel.

Page 27: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Not very safe way of fuel in to Not very safe way of fuel in to AccountAccount

Less readily available than gasoline Less readily available than gasoline & diesel & diesel

Fewer miles on a tank of fuel Fewer miles on a tank of fuel

Page 28: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

Alternative Fuels Alternative Fuels BiodieselBiodiesel

Biodiesel is the name Biodiesel is the name of a clean burning of a clean burning alternative fuel, alternative fuel,

produced from produced from domestic, renewable domestic, renewable resources. resources.

Biodiesel contains no Biodiesel contains no petroleum, but can be petroleum, but can be blended with blended with petroleum diesel to petroleum diesel to create a biodiesel create a biodiesel

Page 29: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

How is Biodiesel Made?How is Biodiesel Made?

Biodiesel fuel is Biodiesel fuel is esterification process,esterification process,

55% of the biodiesel 55% of the biodiesel industry use any fat industry use any fat or oil feedstock,or oil feedstock,( recycled cooking ( recycled cooking grease)grease)

45% can use 45% can use vegetable oil (soy oil) vegetable oil (soy oil)

Page 30: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

Biodiesel Compared to Biodiesel Compared to Petroleum DieselPetroleum Diesel

AdvantagesAdvantages

Domestically produced Domestically produced from non-petroluem, from non-petroluem, renewable resources renewable resources

Can be used in most diesel Can be used in most diesel engines, especially newer engines, especially newer ones ones

Less air pollutantsLess air pollutants (other than nitrogen (other than nitrogen oxides) and greenhouse oxides) and greenhouse gases gases

BiodegradableBiodegradable Non-toxicNon-toxic Safer to handle Safer to handle

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

currently currently more expensivemore expensive involve involve additional land useadditional land use gives out gives out more nitrogen more nitrogen

oxide emissionsoxide emissions require special management require special management

for for Transportation & Transportation & storagestorage

less suitable for use in less suitable for use in low temperatureslow temperatures

impact on engine impact on engine durabilitydurability

Page 31: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

ElectricityElectricity

Electricity can be Electricity can be used as a used as a transportation fuel transportation fuel to power battery to power battery electric and fuel electric and fuel cell vehicles. cell vehicles.

Page 32: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

Advantages & Advantages & Disadvantages of ElectricityDisadvantages of Electricity AdvantagesAdvantages clean, cheap, safe clean, cheap, safe

and a convenient and a convenient source of energy source of energy

no tailpipe no tailpipe emissions emissions

lower maintenance lower maintenance costscosts

more efficient more efficient

DisadvantagesDisadvantages more expensive more expensive

than gasolinethan gasoline electric vehicles electric vehicles

are not completely are not completely "emission-free "emission-free

More power plants More power plants and more pollution and more pollution

Page 33: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

EthanolEthanol Ethanol is an alcohol-based Ethanol is an alcohol-based

alternative fuel produced by alternative fuel produced by fermenting and distilling fermenting and distilling starch crops that have been starch crops that have been converted into simple sugars.converted into simple sugars.

Feedstocks :corn, barley, and Feedstocks :corn, barley, and wheat. wheat.

If used trees and grasses is called If used trees and grasses is called bioethanol. bioethanol.

Ethanol increase octane and Ethanol increase octane and improve the emissions quality of improve the emissions quality of gasoline. gasoline.

E85, a blend of 85% ethanol and E85, a blend of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline15% gasoline

E10: 10% ethanol and 90% E10: 10% ethanol and 90% gasoline gasoline

Page 34: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

Advantages & Advantages & Disadvantages of E85Disadvantages of E85

AdvantagesAdvantages Domestically Domestically

produced, reducing produced, reducing use of imported use of imported petroleum petroleum

Lower emissions of air Lower emissions of air pollutants pollutants

More resistant to More resistant to engine knock engine knock

Added vehicle cost is Added vehicle cost is very small very small

DisadvantagesDisadvantages Can only be used in Can only be used in

flex-fuel vehicles flex-fuel vehicles Lower energy content, Lower energy content,

resulting in fewer resulting in fewer miles per gallon miles per gallon

Limited availability Limited availability Currently expensive to Currently expensive to

produce produce

Page 35: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

Natural GasNatural Gas

Natural gasNatural gas is a gaseous is a gaseous fossil fuel consisting fossil fuel consisting primarily of methane but primarily of methane but including significant including significant quantities of ethane, quantities of ethane, butane, propanebutane, propane, ,

It is also clean burning It is also clean burning and produces significantly and produces significantly fewer harmful emissions fewer harmful emissions than reformulated than reformulated gasoline or diesel gasoline or diesel

Page 36: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

Advantages & Advantages & Disadvantages of Natural Disadvantages of Natural

GasGas AdvantagesAdvantages

Nearly 87% of U.S. Nearly 87% of U.S. natural gas used is natural gas used is domestically produced domestically produced

60-90% less smog-60-90% less smog-producing pollutants producing pollutants

30-40% less 30-40% less greenhouse gas greenhouse gas emissions emissions

Less expensive than Less expensive than gasoline gasoline

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

Limited vehicle Limited vehicle availability availability

Less readily available Less readily available than gasoline & diesel than gasoline & diesel

Fewer miles on a tank Fewer miles on a tank of fuelof fuel

Page 37: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

Propane (LPG)Propane (LPG)

Propane or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) Propane or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is a clean-burning fossil fuel that can be is a clean-burning fossil fuel that can be used to power internal combustion used to power internal combustion engines engines

Page 38: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

Advantages & Advantages & Disadvantages of LPGDisadvantages of LPG

AdvantagesAdvantages

Fewer toxic and smog-Fewer toxic and smog-forming air pollutants forming air pollutants

85% of LPG used in U.S. 85% of LPG used in U.S. comes from domestic comes from domestic sources sources

Less expensive than Less expensive than gasolinegasoline

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

No new passenger cars or No new passenger cars or trucks commercially trucks commercially available (vehicles can be available (vehicles can be retrofitted for LPG) retrofitted for LPG)

Less readily available than Less readily available than gasoline & diesel gasoline & diesel

Fewer miles on a tank of Fewer miles on a tank of fuelfuel

The LPG is stored in high-The LPG is stored in high-pressure fuel tanks, so pressure fuel tanks, so separate fuel systems are separate fuel systems are needed needed

Page 39: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

HydrogenHydrogen

Hydrogen Hydrogen Hydrogen Hydrogen (H2) is being (H2) is being aggressively aggressively explored as a fuel for explored as a fuel for passenger vehicles. passenger vehicles.

It can be used in fuel It can be used in fuel cells to power cells to power electric motors or electric motors or burned in internal burned in internal combustion enginescombustion engines

Page 40: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

Advantages & Advantages & DisadvantagesDisadvantages of Hydrogenof Hydrogen

AdvantagesAdvantages Produced Produced

Domestically Domestically no air pollutants or no air pollutants or

greenhouse gases greenhouse gases

DisadvantagesDisadvantages currently expensive currently expensive

to produce to produce only available at a only available at a

handful of locations, handful of locations, mostly in California mostly in California

difficult to store difficult to store enough hydrogen enough hydrogen onboard onboard

Page 41: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

ConclusionsConclusions

Alternative fuel cars generate less pollution than Alternative fuel cars generate less pollution than conventional cars.conventional cars.

Based on cost the hydrogen and the electric cars are the Based on cost the hydrogen and the electric cars are the most expensive cars.most expensive cars.

Electric engine is more energy efficient than conventional Electric engine is more energy efficient than conventional combustion engine.combustion engine.

Production of electricity leads to more air pollutionProduction of electricity leads to more air pollution The more environmental friendly is The more environmental friendly is

not always the more economical.not always the more economical. As a eco commerce model, solution As a eco commerce model, solution

should balance the world’s energy should balance the world’s energy needs and environmental integrity.needs and environmental integrity.

Page 42: Eco Commerce Models Alternative Fuel and  Vehicles

QuestionsQuestions