Ecological model

Ecological Model and Health

Behavior

Hasanuddin Nuru5537915

Analyze and understand Ecological Model of Health Behavior Analyze and understand four core principle of Ecological

Model of Health Behavior Analyze and describe applications Ecological Model of Health

Behavior Understand how Ecological model can be guided in research. Understand strengthen and limitation Ecological Model of

Health Behavior

Objectives

Ecological models have a long history as they emerged from developments in many disciplines and

fields (e.g., public health, sociology, biology, education, psychology), which in turn converged to form the ecological and behavioral foundations of health promotion

History of Ecological Model

Ecology (derived from the biological sciences):

Describes the complex interrelationships among organisms and the environment in which they are embedded

Social Ecology The study of the influence of the social context on

behavior, including institutional and cultural variables (Sallis & Owen, 2002)


Ecological models, have evolved in behavioral sciences

and public health, focus on the nature of people’s transactions with their physical and socio cultural surroundings that is environments.


In the past two decades, there has been a dramatic

increase in interest in, and application of ecological models in research and practice, due in part to their promise for guiding comprehensive population wide approaches to changing behaviors that will reduce serious and prevalent health problems.


Models designed to explain behavior Kurt Lewin (1951)

Kurt Lewin (1951) “Ecological psychology”

Roger Barker (1968)

Environmental Psychology

Rudolph Moos (1980

Social Ecology

Urie Bronfenbrenner (1979)

Systems Theory

Thomas Glass and Matthew McAtee (2006)

Ecosocial Model

History of Ecological ModelModels designed to guide behavior interventionsB. F. Skinner (1953) Operant Learning Theory

Albert Bandura (1986)

Ecological Model of Health Behavior

Kenneth McLeroy and others (1988)

Ecological Model of Health Behavior

Daniel Stokols (1992, 2003)

Social Ecology Model for Health Promotion

Deborah Cohen and others (2000)

Structural-Ecological Model

Brian Flay and Genes and J. Petraitis (1994)

Theory of Triadic Influence

Karen Glanz and others (2005)

Model of Community Food Environments

Edwin Fisher and others (2005)

Resources and Skills for Self-Management Mode

Ecological models of health behavior is a Model which

emphasize the environmental and policy contexts of behavior, while incorporating social and psychological influences.

Ecological models lead to the explicit consideration of multiple levels of influence, thereby guiding the development of more comprehensive interventions

What is the Ecological Model,,,?

Ecological models are believed to provide

comprehensive frameworks for understanding the multiple and interacting determinants of health behaviors.

More important, ecological models can be used to develop comprehensive intervention approaches that systematically target mechanisms of change at each level of influence


The core concept of an ecological model is that

behavior has multiple levels of influences, often including intrapersonal (biological, psychological), interpersonal (social, cultural), organizational, community, physical environmental, and policy.


Intrapersonal

Interpersonal

Organizational

Community

Public Policy

Five levels in Ecological ModelWhat level aren’t

here,,,?

Level of influence Description

IntrapersonalIndividual, personal

Individual characteristics thatinfluence behavior: Knowledge,skills, self-efficacy

InterpersonalFamily, friends, peers

Interpersonal processes and groupsproviding identity and support

OrganizationalChurches, stores,community orgs

Rules, regulation, policies, structuresconstraining or promote behaviors

CommunitySocial networks

Community norms (communityregulations)

Public policyLocal, state, federal

Policies and laws that regulate orsupport healthy practices/actions

Five levels in Ecological Model


There are multiple influences on specific health behaviors,

including factors at the intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy levels.

Influences on behaviors interact across these different levels. Ecological models should be behavior-specific, identifying the

most relevant potential influences at each level. Multi-level interventions should be most effective in changing

behavior

Four core principles of ecological models of health behavior are proposed:

The ultimate purpose of ecological models of health behavior is

to inform the development of comprehensive intervention approaches that can systematically target mechanisms of change at several levels of influence.

Behavior change is expected to be maximized when environments and policies support healthful choices, when social norms and social support for healthful choices are strong, and when individuals are motivated and educated to make those choices

Four core principles of ecological models of health behavior are proposed:

Applications Ecological Model to Health Behavior Interventions: Tobacco Control

Level of influence Description

Intrapersonal(Individual)

1. Brief advice and enlighten or counseling the effect of smokers, complete with the ample evidence.

2. Use telephone counseling approach.3. Self help pamphlet, books, videotape, web resources

InterpersonalFamily, friends, peers

OrganizationalChurches, stores,community orgs

1. Program restricting smoking at the workplace.2. Program that emphasize community participation3. Promoting smoke free environment, limiting access, and

increasing tobacco prices through excise taxes4. Policy promoting not smoking (proportion of smoke free-

workplace).CommunitySocial networks

Public policyLocal, state, federal

Applications Ecological Model to Health Interventions: Diabetes self management

To use ecological model in research we should involved

5 levels and concern to the core principles of ecological model which behavior become the main target on each level.

Many research funding told us that it’s useful to change the behavior in society, so we will see later how the ecological model implemented in research.

How ecological model can be guided in research


Strengthen

Focus on multiple levels of influence that broadens options for interventions.

Policy and environmental interventions can establish setting and incentives that can persist in sustaining behavior changes.

Helping to solve the problem that the effects of many individually directed interventions are poorly maintained.

Strengthen and limitation ecological model

Weakness

Lack of specificity about the most important hypothesized influences.

Lack information about how the broader levels of influence operate or how variables interact across level.

The model has broaden perspectives without identifying specific variables or providing guidance about how to use ecological model to improve research or interventions.

Need sophisticated operational models that lead to testable hypotheses and useful guidance for intervention.

Strengthen and limitation ecological model

Ecological models help us to understand how people interact

with their environments. That understanding can be used to develop effective multi-level

approaches to improve health behaviors Motivation and skill in individual can not be effective if

environment and policies unsupported. Make environment and policies convenient, attractive and

economical then motivate and educate people.

Conclusion

Thank you for your attention

Documents

Ecological model