Ecology The study of interactions that occur among organisms and
their environments Slide 2 Quick Review... Food Chain : The ways in
which the organisms in an ecosystem interact with one another
according to what they eat. (simple) Slide 3 Slide 4 Food Web : a
model that shows all the possible feeding relationships instead of
just one like a food chain. A food web is made up of many food
chains. Slide 5 Slide 6 Slide 7 Energy Pyramids As you move up a
food chain the avaliable energy decreases As you move up a food
pyramid the amount of orgainisms decreases. Slide 8 Producers A
producer is an organism the uses the sun to make its own energy.
Producers are green plants All food chains or webs begin with green
plants. Slide 9 Consumer A consumer is an organism that cannot make
its own energy. Consumers obtain energy by eating other organisms.
Slide 10 Decomposer A decomposer breaks down dead material Slide 11
Symbiotic Relationships Not all relationships among organisms
involve food. Many organisms live together and share resources in
other ways. Any close relationship between species is called
symbiosis. Symbiosis occurs when two species live together in a
close long-term association Slide 12 All living things have the
same basic requirements... Food/Nutrition Shelter/Living space
Safety In a symbiotic relationship at least one of the organisms
involved is meeting one of the basic needs for living through the
relationship. Slide 13 Mutualism... a symbiotic relationship in
which both participating species benefit. Example: Ant & Aphid
+ ant gets nutrition from the aphids honeydew- a sugary secreation
from the aphids body +aphid gets protection from the ant against
predatory insects like lady bugs Slide 14 Mutualism... Some other
examples of mutualism: The ostrich and gazelle feed next to each
other. Both watch for predators and alert each other to danger.
They each see predators the other wouldnt see. Slide 15
Commensalism... A symbiotic relationship is which one organism
benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped. Example:
Epiphytes also know as air plants live on the bark of trees. + the
epiphyte gets space to live 0 the tree is not harmed or benefits in
any way Slide 16 Commensalism... Another example of commensalism:
Clown Fish and Sea Anemones The sea anemones have tubelike
tentacles the contain a mild poison that can kill small fish. The
clown fish can swim among the tentacles without being harmed. The
anemones tentacles protect the clown fish from predators. So in
this relationship the clown fish benefits but the sea anemone is
not helped or hurt Slide 17 Parasitism... A symbiotic relationship
in which one organism benefits but the other is harmed. Example:
Tape worm + the tape worm lives inside the animals intestines and
gets shelter and food - the animal loses nutrition, may lose
weight, and become ill Slide 18 Predator/ Prey This is a
relationship were the predator hunts the prey. + the predator gets
food, energy, and nutrients - the prey is hurt or killed Slide 19
Competition Where two organisms compete for the same resource or
food Slide 20 Time for a fun quiz!!! The following slides have
examples of different types of relationships in the environment.
Your job is to decide which type of relationship each example is.
Use the white boards to write your answers. When the time is up
hold up your white board. Slide 21 Pseudoscorpion and Beetle Slide
22 Commenslis m Pseudoscorpions are scropion like animals have
pincers (chlicera) like scorpions, but lack a sting. A few species
of pseudoscorpions disperse by concealing themselves under the wing
covers (elyatra) of large beetles such as the cerambycid beetle.
The pseudoscorpions gain the advantage of being dispersed over wide
areas while simulataneously being protected from predators. The
beetle is, presumably, unaffected by the presence of the
hitchhikers. Slide 23 Flea and Dog Slide 24 Parasitism the flea
gets a home and food the dog is harmed because the flea feeds on
its blood Slide 25 Deer and Moose Slide 26 Competition both are
fighting over grass and food Slide 27 Owl and Mouse Slide 28
Predator/ Prey Relationship The owl hunts the mouse The mouse runs
and hides from the owl Slide 29 Squirrel and Oak Tree Slide 30
Commensalis m Squirrel gets a place to live Oak tree is not harmed
because it does not lose any nutrients Slide 31 Crocodile and Bird
Slide 32 Mutualism Crocodile appreciates the dental work and teeth
cleaning Bird is a plover and it flies into the mouth of the
crocodile and feeds on bits of decaying meat stuck to the crocs
teeth. Slide 33 Sharks and Seals Slide 34 Predator / Prey
relationship Shark hunts the seal Seal tries to hide from the shark
Slide 35 Roundworm Slide 36 Parasitism Round worm gets food and
nutrients form pets intestines Pet gets sick and could even die
Slide 37 Turkey and Cardnial Slide 38 Competition Turkey and
Cardinal compete for seeds and food Slide 39 Barnacles and Shell
Slide 40 Commensalism Barnacles attach to rocks, ships, shells,
whales, and just about anywhere else they can gain a foothold. The
barnacle gains a place to live. The shell is not harmed or
bothered.
