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ECONOMIC STATISTICS ECONOMIC STATISTICS PROGRAMMEPROGRAMME IN INDIA IN INDIA

byby

S.K.Nath, INDIAS.K.Nath, INDIA

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MAIN PROGRAMMES ON MAIN PROGRAMMES ON ECONOMIC STATISTICSECONOMIC STATISTICS

Annual Surveys of Industries Annual Surveys of Industries (ASI)(ASI)

Economic Census Economic Census Country-wide Large Scale Country-wide Large Scale

Sample Surveys Sample Surveys Census of Registered Small Census of Registered Small

Scale IndustriesScale Industries

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CHALLENGESCHALLENGES Under Economic Statistics there is no Under Economic Statistics there is no

Statistical Act for data collection, except Statistical Act for data collection, except for ASIfor ASI

There are more than 42 million There are more than 42 million establishments / enterprises in the establishments / enterprises in the country. This excludes activities relating country. This excludes activities relating to crop plantation and productionto crop plantation and production

There are more than 211 million There are more than 211 million householdshouseholds

There are 17 National LanguagesThere are 17 National Languages Data are collected through physical visitsData are collected through physical visits Schedules require interview for 2 hoursSchedules require interview for 2 hours

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Annual Survey of IndustriesAnnual Survey of Industries(Manufacturing/Repair (Manufacturing/Repair

Sector)Sector)

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General InformationGeneral Information Data Collected under “Collection of Data Collected under “Collection of

Statistics Act, 1953Statistics Act, 1953 ASI extends to the entire country except ASI extends to the entire country except

three States and one Union Territorythree States and one Union Territory National Industrial Classification (based National Industrial Classification (based

on ISIC ) is followed.on ISIC ) is followed. ASICC (ASI Commodity Classification) is ASICC (ASI Commodity Classification) is

followed for input-output data collectionfollowed for input-output data collection List frame followed for ASIList frame followed for ASI Micro data available on public domainMicro data available on public domain

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ObjectiveObjective

Estimation of the contribution of Estimation of the contribution of manufacturing industries as a whole manufacturing industries as a whole and of different industry groups to and of different industry groups to national incomenational income

Systematic study of the structure of Systematic study of the structure of industry as a whole and of each type of industry as a whole and of each type of industryindustry

Analysis of various factors influencing Analysis of various factors influencing industry in the country and industry in the country and

Providing a comprehensive, factual and Providing a comprehensive, factual and systematic basis for formulation of systematic basis for formulation of policies.policies.

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Industries CoveredIndustries Covered

Factories and industrial units registered under Factories and industrial units registered under Sections 2m (i) & (ii) of the Factories Act, 1948 Sections 2m (i) & (ii) of the Factories Act, 1948 employing 10 or more workers using power employing 10 or more workers using power oror employing 20 or more workers without poweremploying 20 or more workers without power

Bidi and cigar manufacturing establishmentsBidi and cigar manufacturing establishments registered under the Bidi and Cigar Workers registered under the Bidi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966 and (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966 and employing 10 or more workers using power employing 10 or more workers using power oror employing 20 or more workersemploying 20 or more workers

List frame is maintained and updated annuallyList frame is maintained and updated annually

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Unit of EnumerationUnit of Enumeration

The primary unit of enumeration in the survey is:The primary unit of enumeration in the survey is: a factory in the case of manufacturing a factory in the case of manufacturing

industriesindustries an establishment in the case of bidi and cigar an establishment in the case of bidi and cigar

industriesindustries a workshop in the case of repair services anda workshop in the case of repair services and an undertaking or a licensee in the case of an undertaking or a licensee in the case of

electricity, gas and water supply undertakingselectricity, gas and water supply undertakings

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Sampling DesignSampling Design Frame of units for each Industry Group at 4 digit Frame of units for each Industry Group at 4 digit

level of National Industrial Classification (NIC) is level of National Industrial Classification (NIC) is stratified by States at first stage and put in stratified by States at first stage and put in descending order of number of workers;descending order of number of workers;

Units with 100 or more workers are separated as Units with 100 or more workers are separated as census sector units; census sector units;

All units are selected if number of units within All units are selected if number of units within each group is less than six;each group is less than six;

If stratum size is =<6, then complete enumeration If stratum size is =<6, then complete enumeration is done is done

If stratum size > 6, If stratum size > 6, 20%20% sample is selected subject sample is selected subject to a minimum of 6, with half in each of the 2 sub-to a minimum of 6, with half in each of the 2 sub-samplessamples;;

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Data Collection StrategyData Collection Strategy

List frameList frame As per law, Annual General Meeting of a As per law, Annual General Meeting of a

company should be held by September company should be held by September Data collected from such Data collected from such

“Administrative documents” by regular “Administrative documents” by regular enumerators located though out the enumerators located though out the countrycountry

Joint return is received from some Joint return is received from some enterprisesenterprises

Management units are contacted when Management units are contacted when local units do not have balance sheetslocal units do not have balance sheets

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INFORMATION COLLECTEDINFORMATION COLLECTED

Type of Organisation /OwnershipType of Organisation /Ownership Assets and LiabilitiesAssets and Liabilities Employment and Labour CostEmployment and Labour Cost ReceiptsReceipts ExpensesExpenses Input items (Indigenous)Input items (Indigenous) Input Items ( Imported)Input Items ( Imported) Products and by-productsProducts and by-products Distributive ExpensesDistributive Expenses Electricity generated / purchased /consumed / soldElectricity generated / purchased /consumed / sold Exports (*)Exports (*) Pollution Control – Degree / P & M for abatement (*)Pollution Control – Degree / P & M for abatement (*)

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ECONOMIC CENSUSECONOMIC CENSUS

Of INDIAOf INDIA

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Challenges for Data Challenges for Data CollectionCollection

Indian economic census is the largest Indian economic census is the largest enumeration exercise in terms of enumeration exercise in terms of

Technological intricacies Technological intricacies Volume of workVolume of work Involvement of huge manpowerInvolvement of huge manpower Imparting training to large number of field Imparting training to large number of field

personnelpersonnel Monitoring and coordination of pre-Monitoring and coordination of pre-

census, census period and post census census, census period and post census operationsoperations

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Scope and coverageScope and coverage– Al the States/UTs Al the States/UTs – All economic activities except those All economic activities except those

involved in crop production and plantationinvolved in crop production and plantation

New features of last Economic New features of last Economic Census-2005 Census-2005 – Canvassing of a separate “Address Slip” Canvassing of a separate “Address Slip” – Use of Intelligent Character Recognition Use of Intelligent Character Recognition

(ICR) technology for scanning and data (ICR) technology for scanning and data processingprocessing

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SchedulesSchedules

– (i) House List,(i) House List,– (ii) Enterprise/Establishment (ii) Enterprise/Establishment

Schedule Schedule – (iii) Abstracts- for Rural and (iii) Abstracts- for Rural and

UrbanUrban– (iv)Address Slip(iv)Address Slip

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SCHEDULES SCHEDULES

OF OF

ECONOMIC CENSUS-2005ECONOMIC CENSUS-2005

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HOUSE LISTHOUSE LIST House List : To list all the households and House List : To list all the households and

identify the enterprises in these households or identify the enterprises in these households or any member has enterprise outside the any member has enterprise outside the household without fixed location. household without fixed location.

Enterprise Schedule : Detailed information on Enterprise Schedule : Detailed information on various characteristics relating to the various characteristics relating to the enterprises viz. number of workers, social enterprises viz. number of workers, social group of owner, registration code etc., for all group of owner, registration code etc., for all the enterprises listed in the HL form is to be the enterprises listed in the HL form is to be collected herecollected here. .

NOTE: House listing and filling up NOTE: House listing and filling up Enterprise schedule done simultaneouslyEnterprise schedule done simultaneously..

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House ListHouse List

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RURAL - IDRURAL - ID

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URBAN IDURBAN ID

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Data Collection Strategy: Data Collection Strategy: RURALRURAL

In Rural areas, all the census villages within In Rural areas, all the census villages within the geographical boundary of the country the geographical boundary of the country will be covered will be covered

One enumerator is allotted the work of 1 to One enumerator is allotted the work of 1 to 3 Enumeration Blocks consisting of about 3 Enumeration Blocks consisting of about 200-230 households. In hilly/terrain areas 200-230 households. In hilly/terrain areas EB consists of 120 to 150 households EB consists of 120 to 150 households

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Data Collection Strategy: URBANData Collection Strategy: URBAN

In Urban areas, all the cities/towns within the In Urban areas, all the cities/towns within the geographical boundary of the country will be covered geographical boundary of the country will be covered with the help of with the help of Urban Frame Survey (UFS) BlocksUrban Frame Survey (UFS) Blocks prepared by NSSO of the Ministry of Statistics & PI.prepared by NSSO of the Ministry of Statistics & PI.

For identification of UFS blocks, the following For identification of UFS blocks, the following materials was made available to all enumerators: materials was made available to all enumerators: – maps for each Investigator unit (IV unit)maps for each Investigator unit (IV unit)– boundary details of each block within an investigator boundary details of each block within an investigator

unit unit

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Establishment/Enterprise Establishment/Enterprise ScheduleSchedule

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Information CollectedInformation Collected

Location- fixed / mobile –within hh or outsideLocation- fixed / mobile –within hh or outside Number of workers ( hired / non-hired) Number of workers ( hired / non-hired)

according to sexaccording to sex Economic Activities confirming to ISIC-4 digitEconomic Activities confirming to ISIC-4 digit Social group of owner, Social group of owner, Registration code Registration code Major activity and Subsidiary activityMajor activity and Subsidiary activity Ownership of enterprise Sources of outstanding loans

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ABSTRACT FOR QUICK DATA ABSTRACT FOR QUICK DATA RELEASERELEASE

Abstract : To be filled for each Abstract : To be filled for each enumeration unit by the enumerator by enumeration unit by the enumerator by transferring entries from ‘Total’ row of transferring entries from ‘Total’ row of

the ABSTRACT form.the ABSTRACT form.

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POST ENUMERATION CHECKSPOST ENUMERATION CHECKS

In order to assess the quality of data collected, In order to assess the quality of data collected, post enumeration checks was conducted by in all post enumeration checks was conducted by in all the States/UTs after completion of the fieldwork the States/UTs after completion of the fieldwork of the Economic Census,2005of the Economic Census,2005

Two villages and two urban blocks were selected Two villages and two urban blocks were selected at random from each of about 600 districts at random from each of about 600 districts throughout the countrythroughout the country

PEC was done by trained investigators of the PEC was done by trained investigators of the Ministry of Statistics & PI (NSSO) who was not Ministry of Statistics & PI (NSSO) who was not involved in the fieldwork of the censusinvolved in the fieldwork of the census

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DATA PROCESSINGDATA PROCESSING

Intelligence Character Recognition (ICR) Intelligence Character Recognition (ICR) technology or Automated Forms Processing technology or Automated Forms Processing is used for processing the data is used for processing the data

The technology enables the user to process The technology enables the user to process documents from their images of the filled-in documents from their images of the filled-in schedules and convert them into databaseschedules and convert them into database

This permits permanent storage of copy of This permits permanent storage of copy of the original schedules in electronic form.the original schedules in electronic form.

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Server

Controller station

Tiling & Completion stations

Export station Scanning station

Recognition stationsException stations

LAN SETUP - DATA CENTREs

Forms are fed thru SCANNER(S) batch by batch

Field by field character

images are automatically RECOGNISED

Tile/Correction station - Un-recognised Characters are corrected by OPERATORS

Supervisors Handle Exceptional cases referred

by Operators

Supervisor Export completed batches as ASCII file for further processing

Supervisor Monitor the workflow & Balance the load at different stages of operation

Form IMAGES stored in Network

DISK

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TILING STATION

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TILING STATION

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COMPLETION STATION [Field mode ]

Form Image Houselist Enterprise Schedule Enterprise Abstract

Extracted data

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LARGE SCALELARGE SCALE

SAMPLE SURVEYS SAMPLE SURVEYS

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Basic InformationBasic Information Large scale Socio-economic sample surveys Large scale Socio-economic sample surveys

are conducted by National Sample Survey are conducted by National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) on regular basis. Have Organisation (NSSO) on regular basis. Have 5000 regular staff5000 regular staff

Topic of Surveys: Consumer Expenditure/ Topic of Surveys: Consumer Expenditure/ Labour Force – on regular basis, other Labour Force – on regular basis, other subjects are taken up according to 5/10 year subjects are taken up according to 5/10 year cycle or on priority basis cycle or on priority basis

Coverage: Entire countryCoverage: Entire country Survey round: One year for Economic Survey round: One year for Economic

Surveys: Jul-JunSurveys: Jul-Jun Frame: Area Frame based on Economic Frame: Area Frame based on Economic

Census used for Enterprise SurveysCensus used for Enterprise Surveys

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Sampling DesignSampling DesignData Collection StrategyData Collection Strategy

Two Stage Stratified Sampling Two Stage Stratified Sampling FSU’s are Villages / Urban blocksFSU’s are Villages / Urban blocks Listing of HHS or Establishments done for each Listing of HHS or Establishments done for each

selected FSUs and further stratified according to selected FSUs and further stratified according to sampling strategy varies from survey to surveysampling strategy varies from survey to survey

SSUs ( HHs / Establishments) are chosen based on SSUs ( HHs / Establishments) are chosen based on Circular Systematic Sampling.Circular Systematic Sampling.

Each investigator visits the selected SSUs and fills Each investigator visits the selected SSUs and fills up paper schedule running into 8-10 pagesup paper schedule running into 8-10 pages

Depending on surveys, multiple activity-wise data Depending on surveys, multiple activity-wise data are collectedare collected

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INFORMATION COLLECTEDINFORMATION COLLECTED

Type of Organisation /OwnershipType of Organisation /Ownership Assets and LiabilitiesAssets and Liabilities Employment and Labour CostEmployment and Labour Cost ReceiptsReceipts ExpensesExpenses Input items Input items Products and by-productsProducts and by-products Distributive ExpensesDistributive Expenses

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Recent Surveys taken upRecent Surveys taken up

R63- Jul 06-Jun 07: Service Sector (excl-Trade)R63- Jul 06-Jun 07: Service Sector (excl-Trade) R62- Jul05-Jun 06: Unorganised ManufacturingR62- Jul05-Jun 06: Unorganised Manufacturing R57-Jul 01-Jun 02: Unorganised Services (excl- Trade R57-Jul 01-Jun 02: Unorganised Services (excl- Trade

& Finance)& Finance) R56-Jul 00-Jun01: Unorganised ManufacturingR56-Jul 00-Jun01: Unorganised Manufacturing R55-Jul 99-Jun 00: Informal Sector EnterpriseR55-Jul 99-Jun 00: Informal Sector Enterprise (excluding Agriculture)(excluding Agriculture) X Aug98-Jun 99: Special Enterprise SurveyX Aug98-Jun 99: Special Enterprise Survey R53-Jul 97-Dec 96 : Trading (NDTE, OATE)R53-Jul 97-Dec 96 : Trading (NDTE, OATE) R51-Jul 94-Jun95 : Unorganised ManufacturingR51-Jul 94-Jun95 : Unorganised Manufacturing

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INDIAN CENSUS OF INDIAN CENSUS OF

REGISTERED SMALL REGISTERED SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES SCALE INDUSTRIES

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Definition of SSI SectorDefinition of SSI Sector Consists of SSI and SSSBEConsists of SSI and SSSBE SSI – Small Scale Industrial undertakings SSI – Small Scale Industrial undertakings

having investment in fixed Assets in having investment in fixed Assets in Plant and Machinery, whether held on Plant and Machinery, whether held on ownership terms or on lease or by hire-ownership terms or on lease or by hire-purchase does not exceed Rs. 10 million purchase does not exceed Rs. 10 million ( ~ $ 2,487,562)( ~ $ 2,487,562)

SSSBE – Small Scale Service and SSSBE – Small Scale Service and Business (industry related) with Business (industry related) with investment in fixed assets, excluding investment in fixed assets, excluding land and building, upto Rs. 1 million.land and building, upto Rs. 1 million.

Registration: Not Compulsory Registration: Not Compulsory

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Survey DesignSurvey Design

Coverage: Entire CountryCoverage: Entire Country Census of all registered units ( about Census of all registered units ( about

2.3 million)2.3 million) Sample Survey of 19278 villages / urban Sample Survey of 19278 villages / urban

blocks to net unregistered sectorblocks to net unregistered sector Design: Two stage Sampling based on Design: Two stage Sampling based on

EC frame, FSUs having more than 200 EC frame, FSUs having more than 200 units chosen with prob=1 and rest units chosen with prob=1 and rest based on PPS.based on PPS.

At SSU – 20 units for FSU selected with At SSU – 20 units for FSU selected with prob=1 and 10 units from rest FSUs.prob=1 and 10 units from rest FSUs.

Method: Mostly Interview Method: Mostly Interview

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INFORMATION COLLECTED INFORMATION COLLECTED Type of Organisation /OwnershipType of Organisation /Ownership Management by sexManagement by sex Assets and Net-worthAssets and Net-worth Plant Machinery-original valuePlant Machinery-original value EmploymentEmployment Gross outputGross output Description of Products and by-productsDescription of Products and by-products Exports Exports Seasonality in operationSeasonality in operation Use of computerUse of computer Reasons for sickness, if anyReasons for sickness, if any

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