EDU 3105 (Technology & Education) Anmm04s Note1) EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGYDEFINITION

Study - facilitate L & performance create/use/manage - Techno (process/resource)

Applction knowledge -practicalScience skill (tool) - purpose

DOMAIN

Instructional Tech Domain 1977Instructional Tech Domain 1994

T Development FunctionModel > Lesson > Media > Evluate > Rsource > DisseminateL Resources FunctionMessage, Manpower, Materials, Equipment, Techniques, SettingT Management FunctionNeed, Goal, Objctv, PersonnelDesign domain System, Message, Strategy, S BcDevelopment domainDesign > MaterialUse domain ApplicationManagement domain Plan, Organize, Cordinate, AdviseEvaluation domain Analysis, Criteria, For/Summative

PRINCIPLES

Support mterial, Effctive (Intro/end/concept/evaluation), Apprpriateness

ROLES IN T&L

Curriculum (media), T approach, L exp (meaningful) , Environment, Cooperative, Collaborative

2) INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGNCONCEPT

Definition Process T( design, develop, implement, evaluate)Importance Guideline, Effective, Respect, Competent

ID MODEL

ADDIEASSURE (Heinich)

AnalysisBc, Schema, L style, Design Objctv, Media, EnrichmentDevelopmentSelection (Content/Tech)ImplementationEntire L ProcessEvaluationFormative/SummativeAnalyse LearnerBc, Schema, L style, State ObjectiveCognitive, Effective, PsychomotorSlct Tech, Strtegy, Mterial, Mdia, Type, Method, Format, ModifyMotivate, Accurate, Suit, QualityUtilisePreview, Prepare (S/M), Environment, , L expRequire L ParticipationS-centred, Reinforcement: projectEvaluate & ReviseAchievement, L outcome, Method, Quality, Usage Improve, Follow-up, Reflection

(+)Continuous Imprvmnt, Save Time (+)Class-based design,

MESSAGE DESIGN

Message (content)Info, Motivation, Sign, ReminderMssge Form (how)Picture, Table, Chart, SymbolMssge Chnnel (dvice)Electrical, Mechanical, Digital

Edgar Dales Cone of ExperienceVerbal > Visual > Still Pic > Move Pic > Edu Tv > Exhibition > AR > Demonstration > Enact > Simulation > Direct Exp

3) TEACHING MEDIAEdgar Dales Cone of Experience(Symbol) Verbal > Visual > (Observation) Still Pic > Move Pic > Edu Tv > Exhibit > AR > Demo >(Involvement) Enact > Simulation > Direct Exp

Concepttransmit messages (S/R) stimulate L processFunctionClass control, Clear, Confident, Motivate, Concrete exp

TYPES

Print MediaNon-Printed Media

Guide, Info, Focus

Textbooks, reference, magazines, brochures, newspapers, newsletters

T Aid (Instrctnl / L source guide)Guide, sheet, Jobs aid, Pic SeriesTraining (L source guide)Manual, Hand-out, L guideInfoGuide, sheet, Jobs aid, Pic SeriesKnowledgeReference, Fiction, Non-FictionHardwareCam, Rcrdr, Tv, Radio, PrjctorSoftwareCassette, Slide, Film, TrnsprencyLow Cost (2D)Chart, Drawing, Photo, PosterLow Cost (3D)Model, Realia, Diorama, Puppet, Anime

(+)Easy, Economic, Longer, Familiar, Update, Accurate(+)

(-)X Move/Audio, Individual Level, Late Feedback (-)

SELECTION

Bc, Goal, Method, Cntnt, SituationType

Support / FacilitiesS media / equipment

Service (1/2 way comm)Environment

4) PLANNING , SELECTING, PRODUCING AND EVALUATING OF TEACHING MEDIA MODEL ASSUREANALYSE LEARNERSTATE OBJECTIVE

General Characteristics age, level, gender, bc, socio-economic status, culture, interestsCompetency Precondition exp / knowledgeLearning Stylesvisual, aural, kinaesthetic, group, quiet, light ABCD conceptaudience, behaviour, condition, degreeClassify Objectives

Individual objectives and differences

SELECT TECH, STRATEGY, MATERIAL, MEDIA,UTILISE (5Ps)

Determine Tech typeFlexible, Access, L style, BcSelect Methodvariety, achievableChoose Mediaclear, accurate, suit, attrct, qualitySelect, Modify, Designreliable, clear, interest, involvePreview MaterialPrepare EquipmentProvide EnvironmentPrepare StudentProvide L Experience

REQUIRE L PARTICIPATIONEVALUATE & REVISE

L Activitiesvariety, opportunityResponse > ReinforcementS Achievement (skill / attitude), L outcome, Media / Method, Media Quality, T&S Usage

5) BASIC GRAPHICSgraphikos = material drawn as visual essay

RoleConnect (fact/idea), Clarify idea, Explain conceptExamplePic, Sign, Symbol, Lettering, Figure, Word, Drawing, Sketche

PRINCIPLE

Contrast (difference)Small/Large, Dark/BrightAlignment (arrangement)Formal, Informal/DynamicSimplicity (understanding)Brief, SimpleProximity (grouping)arrow, line, shape, colour, spaceEmphasis (focus)shape, colour, line, perspectiveRepetition (consistent)font, line, bullet, design, format

VISUAL DESIGN

Element (choice / control)Visualrealistic, analogy, organisationOral (lettering)style, no, colour, size, distance, Attractionspace, line, surface, shape, colour(ORY = close, anger, strength)(BPG = calm, gentle, peace)Pattern (item layout)

ArrangementLink (principle + element)Eg: Rules of Third

EQUIPMENTcamera, scanner, pc, tablet, printr

6) APPLICATION OF 2 DIMENSION AND 3 DIMENSION MEDIA2D3D

visual materials - flat surface3 dimensional shape

Width, lengthWidth, length, height

cloth, paper, glassrealia, model, puppet

DrawingIdea sketchPhotoscenery, job, hobby, daily lifeChartorganise, clssfiy, time, table, flow,graph (bar, picto, line, pie)Posterline, letter, colourFlash cardBrief info (child)Puppetfinger, glove, stick, stringed Model (imitate structure)scale, mock, cross-sectional Realia (real)natural, preservedSpecimenexample / sampleDiorama3D scenario modelMobile (wind)Variety shapeMask (action)Aquarium (aqua)Terrarium (soil)

(+)

(+)Efficient, understand, experience, motivate, opportunity, curiosity, construct concept

(-)

(-)

7) BASIC PHOTOGRAPHYHISTORY

Phos = light / graphien = writePhotography Founder = Louis Jacques Mande Daquerre (1837)1st Camera = Obscura CameraPhotography into Film = Edward MuybridgeFlash Founder = Harold E.Edgerton (1938)

PARTSFUNCTION

View FinferApertureLensShutterShutter ReleaseFilmFocusView targetAllow light into camera (Len size opening)Collect light / Project it into filmCurtain cover film surface (close/open)Open shutter & let light into camera / image on filmStore image (light sensitive surface)Change lens position from film surface

Lens (focal length/mm)Wide = 6-45 (scenery/narrow)Standard = 43-50 (human eye) Telephoto = 85-120 (portrait), 135-200 (sport), 300-600 (nature)Zoom = 28-50 (wide > normal) 50-100 (normal > moderate)70-200 (normal > distant)135-300 (moderate > distant)ShutterTime light enter lensAperture (1/1 > 1/200)

Aperture (stop number/f)Lights amount = enter the lens f4, f5.6, f8, f11, f16, f22

Focus (lens distance from film)Clear image on film

TYPES OF CAMERA

Fixed Focus No focus, fixed apertureRange Finderfocus mechanism

Single Lens ReflectInterchangeable lens, rear viewfinderMedium FormatLarge, heavy, 2 identical lens, SLR/TLR

Large FormatLarge, Pro, Studio, Max qualityInstant Produce photo in short time

FILMspecial plastic sheets - light-sensitive chemicals surface

Black & White = - film, B&WColour = - film, colour, B&WSlide = + film, clr (slide/trnsprncy)Film Speed (ISO)Light sensitivityEg: 25 (light) ,500 (dark)

SHOOTING TECHNIQUES

Close-up, Medium, Long, Action, Macro, Portrait, Perspective, Freeze, Landscape, Symmetrical, Silhouette

COMPOSITION

Visual comm, Subject + bc, MoodThe Rules of Thirds

DIGITAL CAMERA

No film, Fast, Review, Record, Transfer, Image Resolution (Pixel)Storing Image/Memory Smart Media Card, Compact Flash, PCMCIA card, Hard disk

8) OHP AND TRANSPARENCIESTransparencymedium = slide - projection viewOver Head Projector (OHP)Project image to white screen

PARTSFUNCTION

Focus KnobLensGlass stageSwitchBulb ReflectorFan

OHP HANDLING GUIDE

1.5m (40), Height (70cm), 45 tilt, Block, Function, Damage, Clean mirror, Trolley, White, Not glossy screen, Upright, Straight Pointer

(+)Repeat, organized, save time, flexible, interesting, easy-handle(-)

TRANSPARENCY

TypesWriteon (Wter), Thermal (Crbon), Phtcopying (Machine), Ink jet Film TechniquesWrite-on, Window, Stripped, Overlapping, Round, Animation

Preparation PrinciplesMethod, Content, Format, Alphabet clarity, 2.56cm=8m, Heading=large, 7 line, 10 words

PLAYBACK SCREEN

Translucent (both side), Front viewingTypeMatt,Silver matelled, Glss beaded

Presentation2.5 (Front/2,Last/8), keystone effect (distortion) , right side of teacher

9) AUDIO MEDIASound wave range heard

AUDIO EQUIPMENT (Recording, Output, Storage, Editor)

Recording

MicrophoneDynamicCondenser, UnidirectionalBi-directionalOmni-directional FeaturesClose, tough, cheap, low, percussion Distant, fragile, high, performance/studioOne direction, eliminate noiseOpposite direction, dialogue/meetingAll direction, many speaker, hang

ShotgunLavaliereHeadsetWirelessVideo cameraAttach (body/cloth)Move (recording/performance)Move (wider area)

Output

TweeterMidrangeWooferhigh frequency sound, small sizemiddle frequency soundlow frequency (bass), big size

Software (Mixer/Editor)Storage

Analogue (mix), Digital (remix)Tape, cassette, CD, memory card

AUDIO MEDIA PREPARATION

Objectives/L outcome > target audience > Info (content) > Script > Rehearsal > Talented act > Prepare Equipment/Studio

RECORDINGEDITING

Equipment > Place > Sound level (optimum) > Record (no sound effect) > Playbackfade in, fade out, cross-fading, amplify, silence, echo, change pitch, change tempo

10) EDUCATIONAL VIDEO PRODUCTIONVIDEO IN T&L

Moving media, motion speed, manipulate space,

TYPE

AnalogMagnetic tape, VHS/Hi-8/U-MaticDigitalSmall V cassette, DVC

PARTS

Focus ring, White balance button, Lens, Zoom button, Eye focus, Recording button

SHOTSMOVEMENT

Extreme Close Up, Close Up, Bust, Waist, Kne, Ful Lngth, LongPanning, Tilting, Dolly, Trucking

PLANNING EDU VIDEO PRODUCTION

Aim > Material > Selection > Script > Schedule > Prop > Test equipment > V record > Edit > A Record > Preview > Utilize > Evaluate

VIDEO EDITING

AnalogDigital

Linear video editing (modify image in sequence)CaptureSource EditingCut / ContinuityTimeline EditingTool (Razor, Move, Rate Stretch)Add EffectAdd TransitionVideo Rendering

Video (player, recorder), 2 TVs

11) INTEGRATION OF ICT IN TEACHING AND LEARNINGTraditional L EnvironmentNew Era L Environment

T-centredSingleSingleSingleIsolatedDeliveryPassiveFactual, KnowledgeReactiveIsolated, Artificial T&LStimulationProgressionMediaWorkInfoMethodLResponseContextS-centredMultiMultiMultiCollaborateExchangeCritical T/Decision MkingActive, InquiryProactiveAuthentic, real world

Teachers RoleObjective, Suitable, ICT skillRequirementsEngage, motivate, approach, self-learning, cnnect, reality, prduction

EffectsComm, confidence, skill, collaborate, share, self-accessSs FeaturesShare, analyse, conclude, collaborate, interact, solve prblm

ApproachesL About ICT (network)L With ICT (MS Office)L Through ICT (DVD)ModeTutorial (content, demo) Exploration (access, exp)Application (task, share)Communication (chat, email)

T&S (slide) / T(aid)/ S (courseware)

WORD PROCESSINGELCTRONIC SHEET (SPREAD)

manipulate text documentOrganize info (row/column)

FeaturesInsert, delete, cut paste, copy, save, font, margin, find & replace, print, spell check, thesaurus, graphic, header, table FeaturesData (row/column), data platform, math calculation, math function/formula, redo calculate, data (chart/graph)

(+)save time, organize, share, support T&L, support W process(+)easy correct/detect, save time, neat data, easy access, share, lock, graph, easy calculate

ELECTRONIC PRESENTATION

Text/visual info, multimedia element

FeaturesModify text, graphic edit, animation, audio management, Slideshow engine, layout management

(+)

PrinciplesAnalysis > Design > Materials > Select > Produce > Preview > Use > Evaluate

CriteriaGraphic (Simplicity, Contrast, Emphasis, Space, Focus), Message (simple, accurate), Logical sequence, Multimedia (visual/audio split, spatial, chunk, coherent), Explanation, Effect

DATABASEAUTHORING TOOLS

Organized info to be accessedMltimdia courseware (e-Learning)

FeaturesTable (link/field), save data in field (table) = record, data (save, edit, retrieve) FeaturesManage/Edit, Programming, Interaction, Playback, Multiple platform delivery (stand-alone/internet)

(+)Efficient data management, save time (keyword), save test Q (filter), HOTS (report in database)TypesIcon-Design (framework)AuthorwareTimeline-BasedDirectorPage/Card-Based (book)ToolBook/HyperStudio

MULTIMEDIA = integration of multiple media (L strategy + content)

Interactive MediaInteractive Multimedia

Media integration - Environment - purposeUsePrblem Slving, cncepts (MT&SC), Skill (L+PC), comm, access, indi/coop L, data manipulate

Web, game, forum, social network

MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVE DEVELOPMENT (ADDIE)

AnalysisPupil, Syllabus,, MaterialImplementationAlpha testing, Beta testing (P)

DesignLayout, storyboard, nvigation planEvaluationEffectiveness, process

DevelopmentModify, Convert, Menu, Link

INTERACTIVITY DESIGNFeedback, Control, Creativity, Productivity, Communication, Adaptation

(+)S-centred, L style, motivate, theme-based, constructivistSuitable forComplex/Dynamic process, 3D, Cmprhensive content, Simulation

12) ISSUES AND THE LATEST TRENDSCOPYRIGHTSAFETY

exclusive right - control utilization invention - periodPersonal, Equipment

LawCopyright (purity), Patent (discovery), Trademark (identity), Trade secret (secret)Fraud, Data Damage, Info Theft, Illegal Copy, Espionage, Cyber Gaming, Pornography, Hackers, Virus Diffuser

Sign elementSymbol/word, 1st Publication Year, Owners Name

Get Materials without Violate LawRight, not sme, slf-build, agrment

CONFIDENTIALITYSELF-REGULATION

Preservation - Tech materials info produce, augment, reproduce Ability self power sense against obstacles - action

Cryptographic techniques(safeguard digital info secret)Procedure / Ethical use(material / technology)

Especially Communication tools

CURRENT / FUTURE TREND IN TECHNOLOGY

e-Learning (CD/Internet)Relevance of Traditional media

Change of Teachers Role

GOOD LUCK!!!MAY ALLAH BLESS US ALL!!!(-_-) > (^_^)