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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Volume 6, No 1, 2015
© Copyright by the authors - Licensee IPA- Under Creative Commons license 3.0
Research article ISSN 0976 – 4399
Received on January, 2015 Published on August 2015 25
Effect of rice husk ash and plastic fibers on concrete strength Ankur, Varinder Singh, Ravi Kant Pareek
Department of Civil Engineering, JCDM College of Engineering, Sirsa
doi:10.6088/ijcser.6003
ABSTRACT
This paper reports the study of compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete
involving rice husk ash (RHA) and plastic fiber in different proportions. M-20 grade of
concrete was taken for experimental study. RHA content was used from 5% to 15% at the
interval of 5% by replacing Ordinary Portland Cement (O.P.C.) and plastic fibers were used
from 1% to 3% at the interval of 1% by replacing the coarse aggregate. Plastic fibers were
obtained by cutting the polythene bags into small pieces. The compressive strength and split
tensile strength of concrete was checked at 7 days and 28 days of curing period. The results
show that concrete samples having RHA and plastic fibers showed better strength as
compared to controlled concrete samples.
Keyword: Rice husk ash (RHA), Plastic fiber, Compressive strength, Split tensile strength
1. Introduction
Concrete is a man-made material which is used for various construction works such as house
construction, bridge construction, roads and pavements. Simply, concrete is a mixture of
cement paste and aggregates. Concrete is an important part of society’s infrastructure.
Concrete has unlimited opportunities for advanced applications, design and construction
techniques. It is the material of choice where strength, impermeability, durability,
performance, fire resistance and abrasion resistance are needed. Its high compressive strength
and mould ability has made its widespread use. It has major disadvantages that it is brittle and
weak in tension. Still concrete is better option than any other available materials for
construction works. Concrete with advanced technologies such as reinforce cement concrete
(R.C.C.) and fiber reinforced concrete (F.R.C.) provides extra strength and durability against
sliding, cracking, buckling and overturning. Concrete properties can be improved by the use
of industrial and domestic wastes such as fly ash, rice husk ash, blast furnace slag, timber ash,
steel fiber, glass fiber and plastic wastes. These wastes can be found as natural materials, by-
products or industrial wastes. Dumping of these wastes on earth surface is causing the
environment pollution. Rice husk ash (RHA) is a waste material, is a by-product obtained
from the burning of rice husk. It has high reactivity and pozzolonic property. To conserve
resources, utilization of industrial and biogenic wastes as supplementary cementing materials
has become an important part of concrete construction. Industrialization has resulted in large
deposition of plastic waste. It is non-biodegradable material which is harmful to the
environment. Plastic waste can be used as fibers in concrete to improve the properties of
concrete. Many researches were conducted to use industrial by-products and wastes such as
rice husk ash and plastic waste. Khatri et al. investigated the impact of admixture and RHA in
concrete mix design. It was found that admixture increased the compressive strength of
concrete about 30% at 7 days and 50% at 28 days as compared to controlled concrete. It also
used rice husk ash (RHA) as a partial replacement of cement in the ratio of 5% and 15%. It
was observed that concrete having 15% rice husk ash obtained more strength with respect to
Effect of rice husk ash and plastic fibers on concrete strength
Ankur, Varinder Singh, Ravi Kant Pareek
International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering 26
Volume 6 Issue 1 2015
5% RHA by 13.38% at 7 days and 19.78 % at 28 days respectively. Kulkarni et al. studied the
effect of rice husk ash on properties of concrete. In this study, cement was replaced by RHA
from 0 to 30% at an interval of 10%. Compressive strength of concrete was tested at 7 days
and 28 days. It was found that there was about 4% increase in strength as compared to normal
concrete after addition of 20%RHA at 7 days and after addition of 10% RHA to normal
concrete, there was about 16% increase in strength as compared to normal concrete. Nibudey
et al. examined the strength prediction of plastic fiber reinforced concrete. In this study,
plastic fibers were added from 0% to 3% by weight of cement in interval of 0.5%. It was
found that maximum compressive and split tensile strength were at 1% of fiber content.
Ramadevi et al. experimented the properties of concrete with plastic PET (bottle) fibers as
fine aggregates. Percentage of plastic bottle fibers was taken as 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6%s by
replacing the fine aggregates. Result showed that maximum compressive strength, flexural
strength and split tensile strength of concrete were observed at 2% plastic fiber. Deotale et al.
studied the effect of partial replacement of cement by fly ash, rice husk ash (RHA) with using
steel fiber in concrete. In this study, it started proportion from 30% fly ash (F.A.) and 0% rice
husk ash (RHA) mixed together in concrete by replacement of cement with gradual increase
of RHA by 2.5% and simultaneously gradual decrease of F.A. by 2.5%. It was found that
compressive strength of concrete increases with the increase in the percentage of F.A. and
RHA up to (22.5% F.A. and 7.5% RHA) by replacing cement in concrete.
2. Experimental investigation
In the experimental investigation, Cement concrete cubes of size 150mm x 150mm x 150mm
and concrete cylinders of size 150mm x 300mm with different proportions to find out the
compressive strength and split tensile strength were casted. Specimens were tested after a
curing period of 7 days and 28 days. Table-1 shows the details of specimens casted for
experimental investigation.
Table 1: Details of Specimens
S.
No. TEST Specimen
RHA
Added
(%)
Plastic
Fiber
Added
(%)
No. of
Specimens
For 7
days
For 28
days
1 Compressive
Strength Test Cube
0 0 2 2
5 1 2 2
10 2 2 2
15 3 2 2
2 Split Tensile
Strength Test Cylinder
0 0 2 2
5 1 2 2
10 2 2 2
15 3 2 2
Effect of rice husk ash and plastic fibers on concrete strength
Ankur, Varinder Singh, Ravi Kant Pareek
International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering 27
Volume 6 Issue 1 2015
3. Material properties
For the purpose of experimental investigation, the following material properties were tested.
Ordinary Portland Cement of grade-43 was used in this study. The physical properties of
O.P.C. are given below in Table-2. Locally available fine aggregate (sand) and coarse
aggregate of size 20mm and 10mm from the market were used in this study. Their physical
properties are shown in Tables 3 and Table 4. Rice husk ash was purchased from Pashupati
Rice and Geneal Mills, Sirsa. Physical properties of RHA are shown in Table-5. Domestic
waste polythene was used as plastic fiber. Plastic polythene was cut into small pieces of
different length by scissor. Specimens were tested after a curing period of 7 and 28 days.
Compressive strength and split tensile strength tests were performed on compression testing
machine. Out of 16 concrete cubes, 8 cubes were tested at 7 days and remaining were tested
at 28 days as shown in Figure 1. Out of 16 concrete cylinders, 8 cylinders were tested at 7
days and remaining were tested at 28 days as shown in Figure 2.
Table 2: Physical Properties of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC-43)
S. No. Characteristics Test Values
1 Normal Consistency (%) 27
2
Setting Time (Minutes)
Initial
Final
48
205
3 Soundness (mm) 2.00
4 Fineness (%) 2.9
5 Specific Gravity 2.44
Table 3: Physical Properties of Fine Aggregates
S. No. Characteristics Test Values
1 Water absorption (%) 0.83
2 Specific gravity 2.54
3 Fineness modulus 3.25
Table 4: Physical Properties of Coarse Aggregates
S. No. Characteristics Test Values
1 Water absorption (%) 0.55
2 Specific gravity 2.75
3 Fineness modulus 6.21
Table 5: Physical Properties of Rice Husk Ash
S. No. Characteristics Test Values
1 Normal consistency
(%)
18
2 Specific gravity 2.40
3 Setting Time (Minutes)
Initial
Final
205
258
Effect of rice husk ash and plastic fibers on concrete strength
Ankur, Varinder Singh, Ravi Kant Pareek
International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering 28
Volume 6 Issue 1 2015
Figure 1: Compressive Strength Testing on Cubes
Figure 2: Split tensile strength testing on cylinders
4. Results and discussion
Compressive strength of concrete was measured at the ages of 7 and 28 days and shown in
Table-6 and Table-7. It was observed that the average compressive strength of concrete was
15.23 MPa and 22.67 MPa with the replacement of 5% RHA and 1% plastic fibers which
shows that 1.11% and 1.08% increase in the compressive strength at 7 and 28 days
respectively. Average compressive strength of concrete was 16.56 MPa and 25.67 MPa with
the replacement of 10% RHA and 2% plastic fibers which shows that 1.20% and 1.22%
increase in the compressive strength at 7 and 28 days respectively. It was observed that the
average compressive strength of concrete was 13.67 MPa and 20.78 MPa with the
replacement of 15% RHA and 3% plastic fibers which shows that 0.99% and 0.98 % decrease
in the compressive strength at 7 and 28 days respectively. Split tensile strength test results of
fiber reinforced concrete with and without RHA and plastic fibers are presented in Table-8
Effect of rice husk ash and plastic fibers on concrete strength
Ankur, Varinder Singh, Ravi Kant Pareek
International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering 29
Volume 6 Issue 1 2015
and Table-9. It was observed that the average spilt tensile strength of concrete was 2.09 MPa
and 4.42 MPa with the replacement of 5% RHA and 1% plastic fibers which shows that
1.09% and 1.07% increase in the spilt tensile strength at 7 and 28 days respectively. Average
spilt tensile strength of concrete was 2.4 MPa and 4.99 MPa with the replacement of 10%
RHA and 2% plastic fibers which shows that 1.26% and 1.21% increase in the spilt tensile
strength at 7 and 28 days respectively. It was observed that the average spilt tensile strength
of concrete was 1.88 MPa and 4.06 MPa with the replacement of 15% RHA and 3% plastic
fibers which shows that 0.98% and 0.98 % decrease in the spilt tensile strength at 7 and 28
days respectively.
Table 6: Compressive strength data at the age of 7 days for M20 concrete
S.
No.
Sample
No.
RHA Used
(%)
Plastic
Fibers Used
(%)
Compressive
Strength (MPa)
Average
Compressive
Strength (MPa)
1 1
0 0 13.55
13.78 2 14.00
2 1
5 1 15.56
15.23 2 14.89
3 1
10 2 16.00
16.56 2 17.11
4 1
15 3 13.78
13.67 2 13.55
Table 7: Compressive Strength Data at the Age of 28 Days for M20 Concrete
S.
No.
Sample
No.
RHA Used
(%)
Plastic
Fibers Used
(%)
Compressive
Strength (MPa)
Average
Compressive
Strength (MPa)
1 1
0 0 22.22
21 2 19.78
2 1
5 1 21.78
22.67 2 23.56
3 1
10 2 25.78
25.67 2 25.56
4 1
15 3 21.11
20.78 2 20.44
Effect of rice husk ash and plastic fibers on concrete strength
Ankur, Varinder Singh, Ravi Kant Pareek
International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering 30
Volume 6 Issue 1 2015
13.7815.23
16.56
13.67
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
M-20 Concrete having 5%
RHA & 1% P.F.
Concrete having 10%
RHA & 2% P.F.
Concrete having 15%
RHA & 3% P.F.
Co
mp
ress
ive
Str
en
gth
in
MP
a
Figure 3: Comparison of Concrete Compressive Strength with Different Replacements by
RHA and Plastic Fibers at 7 Days.
2122.67
25.67
20.78
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
M-20 Concrete having 5%
RHA & 1% P.F.
Concrete having 10%
RHA & 2% P.F.
Concrete having 15%
RHA & 3% P.F.
Com
pressiv
e
str
en
gth
in
MP
a
Figure 4: Comparison of Concrete Compressive Strength with Different Replacements by
RHA and Plastic Fibers at 28 Days
Table 8: Split Tensile Strength Data at the Age of 7 Days for M20 Concrete
S. No. Sample
No.
RHA Used
(%)
Plastic Fibers
Used (%)
Split Tensile
Strength (MPa)
Average Split
Tensile Strength
(MPa)
Effect of rice husk ash and plastic fibers on concrete strength
Ankur, Varinder Singh, Ravi Kant Pareek
International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering 31
Volume 6 Issue 1 2015
1 1
0 0 1.70
1.91 2 2.12
2 1
5 1 1.98
2.09 2 2.19
3 1
10 2 2.47
2.4 2 2.33
4 1
15 3 1.77
1.88 2 1.98
Table 9: Split Tensile Strength Data at the Age of 28 Days for M20 Concrete
S. No. Sample
No.
RHA Used
(%)
Plastic Fibers
Used (%)
Split Tensile
Strength (MPa)
Average Split
Tensile Strength
(MPa)
1 1
0 0 4.24
4.14 2 4.03
2 1
5 1 4.24
4.42 2 4.60
3 1
10 2 4.88
4.99 2 5.09
4 1
15 3 4.31
4.06 2 3.81
1.912.09
2.4
1.88
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
M-20 Concrete having 5%
RHA & 1% P.F.
Concrete having 10%
RHA & 2% P.F.
Concrete having 15%
RHA & 3% P.F.
Sp
lit
Te
nsi
le S
tre
ng
th in
MP
a
Figure 5: Comparison of Concrete Split Tensile Strength with Different
Replacements by RHA and Plastic Fibers at 7 days.
Effect of rice husk ash and plastic fibers on concrete strength
Ankur, Varinder Singh, Ravi Kant Pareek
International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering 32
Volume 6 Issue 1 2015
Figure 6: Comparison of Concrete Split Tensile Strength with Different Replacements by
RHA and Plastic Fibers at 28 days.
5. Conclusions
Based on the experimental study with different samples of concrete and different proportions
of rice husk ash (RHA) and plastic fiber, following conclusions were drawn-:
1. The replacement of 5 % and 10% RHA and 1% and 2% plastic fibers shows increase
in the compressive strength of concrete cubes at 7 days as well as at 28 days.
2. The replacement of 5 % and 10% RHA and 1% and 2% plastic fibers shows increase
in the split tensile strength of concrete cylinders at 7 days as well as at 28 days.
3. The replacement of 15 % RHA and 3% plastic fibers shows decrease in the
compressive strength of concrete cubes at 7 days as well as at 28 days.
4. The replacement of 15 % RHA and 3% plastic fibers shows decrease in the split
tensile strength of concrete cubes at 7 days as well as at 28 days.
5. It was observed that concrete involving RHA and plastic fiber does not show sudden
failure.
6. References
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polythene used as concrete constituent. International journal of engineering and
advance technology (IJEAT), 1.
2. Chirag Garg and Aakash Jain, 2014. Green concrete: Efficient and Eco-freiendly
construction materials. International journal of research in engineering and technology,
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3. Deotate R.S, S.H. Sathawane, A.R. Narde, (2012), Effect of partial replacement of
cement by fly ash, rice husk ash with using steel fiber in concrete. International
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Ankur, Varinder Singh, Ravi Kant Pareek
International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering 33
Volume 6 Issue 1 2015
4. Dr. Shubha Khatri, 2014. Impact of admixture and rice husk ash in concrete mix
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