EFFECTS OF URBANIZATI

ON

IMPROVEMENTS IN TECHNOLOGY Need to keep up with demands for

housing, water, sewers, schools, sanitation, and safety:Skyscrapers

Safety elevatorHeating systems

ElectricityMass transit

City zoningPublic spaces

Parks, Libraries, schools

CITIES OFFER ADVANTAGES More jobs

Factory (blue-collar) and Service (white-collar)

0pportunities for women Cultural

experiences/Entertainment Community/friendship Variety, Promise, Glamour Higher standard of living than

rural areas (for most)

DIFFICULT TRANSITION FOR FARMERS Urban life very different than

rural life…Work on someone else’s schedule

Make cash moneyRide trolley carsPay rent to a landlordRegularly interact with strangers

HOUSING IN THE LATE 1800S:

TENEMENTS

TENEMENT LIVING

Poor had to live in walking distance of workCaused overcrowding

TenementsLow cost multi-family housingSeveral families in one apartmentUnhealthy and dangerous

URBAN PROBLEMS: ENTER CITY PLANNERS Sanitation

Solution: development of sanitation depts.

Spread of disease (through water)Solution: water filtration system;

chlorination Fires

Solution: Paid, Organized Fire Depts; invention of fire sprinklers

CrimeSolution: Paid, Organized, Uniformed

Police Depts; Electric street lights

WHO ARE THESE CITY PLANNERS?

WHO DO THEY REPORT TO?

Answer:city politicians

GROWTH OF POWERFUL POLITICAL MACHINES WHO “GET

THINGS DONE!”