EGGCITED ABOUT POULTRYMiddle School Curriculum

By: Jennie Simpson and Dr. Frank Flanders

Georgia Agricultural Education Curriculum Office

Georgia Department of Education

May 2003

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CONTENTS

1. What is poultry used for, what types of poultry are there?

2. Breeds of Chicken.

3. Differences Between White and Brown Eggs.

4. Poultry Terms to Know.

5. Broiler Production.

6. Layer Production.

Instructions:

Click on a topic of interest below or go through the entire presentation by clicking on the arrows.

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Explore Each Day of Incubation

• http://chickscope.beckman.uiuc.edu/explore/embryology/

• Intro Video (2 mins) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PedajVADLGw

Bird Flu

• Killer Flu of 1918 in the US

• Similar to the Bubonic Plaque in Europe

• Last Big Outbreak: Mexico

• http://lancaster.unl.edu/4h/embryology/

• Nebraska 4H– http://lancaster.unl.edu/4h/embryology/movie.s

html

Virtual Farm

http://www.sites.ext.vt.edu/virtualfarm/poultry/poultry_producer.html

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What do we use poultry for?Thanksgiving Turkey

Feathers-Down pillows Eggs-Medicine

Feathers-Fish lures

Eggs- Angel Food CakeChicken Nuggets

What types of poultry are there?

Ratites-Ostriches, Emus

Chickens

Ducks

Geese Turkeys

Game Birds

Pigeons Are Also PoultryThere is a hobby called Pigeon Racing and hobbyists

take it very seriously!

The pigeons are released and use their “homing” instinct, to return home to their “lofts”.

Pigeons are also known as “Thoroughbreds of the Sky”

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Chickens

•Chickens make up the largest sector of the poultry industry.

•Consumption of chicken in the U.S. is rising every year.

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Why?

•Chicken is LOW in fat, HIGH in protein and LOW in cholesterol when compared to meats such as pork and beef.

•There are several breeds of chicken used to produce different products and types of eggs.

Breeds of Chicken

White Leghorns

Used for egg production and produce white eggs PREVIOUS NEXT

Breeds of Chicken

Barred Plymouth Rocks

Used for meat and eggs, produce brown eggs PREVIOUS NEXT

Breeds of Chicken

New Hampshire Reds

Used for meat and eggs, produce brown eggs

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Breeds of Chickens

White Plymouth Rocks

Used for meat and eggs, produce brown eggs

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What’s the Difference Between Brown Eggs and White Eggs?

•White and brown eggs taste the same and have the same nutritive value. Brown eggs are not healthier!

•The color difference is due to the breed of the hen.

•You can tell what color egg a hen will lay by looking at her feathers and ear lobes.

•A hen with WHITE earlobes and feathers will lay WHITE eggs.

•A hen with RED feathers and matching earlobes will lay BROWN eggs.

•The difference is purely cosmetic….usually, people in the North prefer brown eggs while people in the South like white eggs.

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Broiler- used mainly for meat. A broiler is a chicken is 6 to 7 weeks of age and weighs 4 pounds when it is sent to market.

Poultry Terms to KnowCLICK PICTURES TO ENLARGE

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Layer-a mature female chicken that produces eggs. Most can lay 300 eggs/year.

Pullet- a young female chicken

Capon- a male chicken that has been neutered/castrated, usually 5 to 7 months of age and weigh about 6 pounds. By castrating these males when they are 3 weeks old, their meat is more tender and more flavorful when the bird matures.

Poultry Terms to KnowCLICK PICTURES TO ENLARGE

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Rooster/Cock- a mature male chicken

Cockerel- a male chicken that is less than 1 year old

Spent hen- a hen that is no longer laying

Poultry Terms to Know

Vertical Integration-raising, processing, and distributing poultry is now one continuous chain. A large company is composed of smaller companies that carry out all the processes from manufacturing to distributing. For example, Con Agra is one large company, but they hire growers, hatcheries, distributors, and processors.

1. Hatchery

2. Growout

3. Processing

4. Distribution

Photos courtesy of USDA

Broiler ProductionBroilers are raised for their meat and they make up most of the chicken products that we eat.

A Broiler’s Story:

I was born in a hatchery…then I was placed in an open chicken house where I ate and drank at free will. The chicken house is big, warm, and well ventilated. I ran around on a big open shavings floor. I was fed a diet that made me grow as efficiently as possible so that the grower wouldn’t waste money on me. My diet has yellow corn, soy, other grains, minerals, vitamins, and medicine to keep us from getting sick. My brothers,sisters, and I were all kept very healthy. When I turned six weeks old and weighed 4 pounds I was sent to market so you can enjoy chicken nuggets and other chicken products. PREVIOUS NEXT

Broiler Production

Which three states in the U.S. lead in broiler production?

A. Georgia, Alabama, and Arkansas

B. Mississippi, Georgia, and Florida

C. Arkansas, California, and Michigan

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Broiler ProductionMost farmers grow chickens on a contract.

What does growing on contract mean?

Grower

The Grower Supplies:

House

Utilities

Labor

Shavings

Cleaning Supplies

Company (Con Agra, Perdue,etc.)

The Company Supplies:

Chicks

Feed

Medicine

ExpertisePREVIOUS NEXT

Layer Production

Eggcellent!!!! PREVIOUS NEXT

Layer Production

Did you know?

A layer hen in production can lay almost 300 eggs/year and this number is rising! In 1900, hens only laid 100 eggs/year!

Are the eggs you buy in the store fertilized or unfertilized?

They are unfertilized! Hens do not need a rooster to lay eggs.

Can you name some foods that have eggs in them?

Angel food cake, mayonnaise, egg nog, bread, and noodles are just a few products with eggs!

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Layer ProductionWhat are the parts of an egg?

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Layer Production

EGG GRADING

Eggs can be Grade AA, A, or B

And

Small, Medium, or Large

Eggs that are misshapen, cracked, or dirty are not sold to the consumer. These eggs are classified as LOSS.

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THE END

END

Broiler

Layer

Pullet

Capon

Cockerel

Cock/Rooster

Spent Hen

Photo courtesy of CAA

CORRECT!!!!

INCORRECT!!!!

A silkie chick-10 weeks old