El Filibusterismo (1891)José Rizal

Translation used:Various Language: Filipino/English

El Filibusterismo is the second novel written by Dr. Jose P. Rizal and a sequel to Noli Me Tangere(novel). He had begun writing it in October, 1887, while practising medicine in Calamba. In London (1888), he made some changes in the plot and corrected some chapters already written. He wrote more chapters in Paris and Madrid and on March 29, 1891, he finished the manuscript in Biarritz.

Source: Wikipedia

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ContentsKabanata 1: Sa Kubyerta.....................................1Kabanata 2: Ibabang Kubyerta............................3Chapter 3: Mga Alamat.......................................4Chapter 4: Kabesang Tales..................................5Chapter 5..............................................................5Chapter 6..............................................................6Chap 7. - Simoun.................................................6Chap. 8 – Merry Christmas..................................6Chapter 9: “Pilates”.............................................6Chapter 10: “Wealth and Misery”.......................7Chap. 11. – Los Banos.........................................7Chapter 12 (Placido Penitente)............................8Chapter 13- A Class in Physics...........................9Chapter 14- A Students’ Lodging House.............9CHAPTER 15....................................................10CHAPTER 16....................................................10Chapter 17: The Quiapo Fair.............................12Chapter 18: Deceptions......................................12Chapter 19: The Fuse.........................................13Chapter 20: The Ponente...................................14

Kabanata 21: Tipos Manilenses = “Mga Tipong Taga-Maynila”...................................................14Kabanata 22: Ang Pagtatanghal.........................15Chapter 23: A Corpse........................................15Chapter 24: Dreams...........................................16CHAPTER 24 – Dreams....................................16CHAPTER 25 – LAUGHETER AND TEARS.17Chapter 26 – Pasquinades..................................1827: The Friar and the Filipino............................1828: Panic............................................................19Chapter 29 – Last Words of Capitan Tiago.......19Chapter 30 – Juli................................................20Chapter 31: Ang Mataas na Empleado..............20Chapter 32: Mga Bunga ng Paskin....................20Chapter 33: The Final Argument.......................21Chapter 34: The Wedding..................................22CHAPTER 35 – THE FIESTA..........................22Chapter 36: The Predicaments of Ben Zayb......23Chapter 37..........................................................23Chapter 38..........................................................24Chapter 39..........................................................24Another Chapter 39............................................24

Kabanata 1: Sa Kubyerta

Umaga ng Disyembre sa Bapor Tabo, naglalayag sa Pasig

o Marami ang pasaherong tila patungong Laguna

Bapor Taboo Anyong mabigato Bilog halos tulad ng taboo Marusing (madumi) sa kabila ng

pagkukunwang (pagkukunwaring) maputi

o Maharlika at kapita-pitagan (kagalang-galang) dahil sa kabagalan

o Kinagigiliwang ng bayan marahil sa pangalang

Tagalog taglay ang katangiang

katutubo sa mga bagay-bagay dito

tagumpay laban sa kaunlaran

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o bapor ngunit hindi talagang bapor

o organismong hindi nagbabago

o hindi buo ngunit mapasusubalian

o kung nais magpakitang maunlad, ipagmamalaki ang pahid ng pintura

o Maaring ituring na na barko ng Estado, sa tulong ng kaunting kagandahang-loob, na ginawa sa ilalim ng mga Reberendo at Ilustrisismo

Naliligo sa pang-umagang araw at nagpapakislot sa mga alon ng ilog

Maputing anyubog ngunit bumubuga ng itim na kimpal na usok

Bumubulahaw ang silbato bawat saglito Paos at naninindak tulad ng isang

hari-harian na ibig mamahala nang pasigaw-sigaw; hindi maunawaan ng mga pasahero kahit ang kanilang mga sarili

o Tinatakot ang bawat makakasalubong

o Wawasakin wari ngayon ang mga salambaw (manipis na kasangkapang pangisda na pag gumalaw ay tila mga kalansay ng higanteng yumuyukod sa isang sinaunang pagong)

Dere-deretsong tutumbukin ang kawayanan o ang nakalutang ng mga kainan o karihan

Napapalamutian ng gumamela at iba pang bulaklak at tila mga atubiling maligo

Mga Pasaheroo Pang-ibabang kubyerta

Mga indio, kayumanggi mukha at ulong maiitim, Tsino, at mestiso

nakasiksik sa pagitan ng mga kalakal at baul

o Pang-itaas na kubyerta

Mga nakadamit na Europeo, Fraile, empleado

May toldang nagtatanggol sa init ng araw at nakalikmo sa mga maginhawang silyon

Humihithit ang mga pasahero ng tabako, nagninilay sa tanawin

Hindi pansin ng mga pasahero ang pagsusumakit ng kapitan at mga marino na iwasan ang mga balakid sa ilog

Ang Kapitano Mukhang magiliw, matanda na,

dating marino na pumalaot sa malaking dagat noong kabataan niya, tumatanda na, kawangis ang isang beterano

Donya Victorinao Tanging babaeng nakaupo sa

piling ng mga Europeoo Nerbiyosao Nilalait ang m ga kasko, bangka,

balsang niyog, mga indiong namamangka, at nayayamot sa pagtatawanan ng mga naglalaba at mga naliligo

o Hindi pinapansin ng mga kaumpok na pasahero

o Jobao Itinakwil ang pagiging indio at

tinitina ng pula ang buhoko Kilala sa kanyang luho at kapritsoo Malimit dumayo sa mga pagtitipon

kasama ang pamangking sin Paulita Gomez (maganda at mayuming dalaga at ulila sa magulang)

o Asawa ni Don Tiburcio de Espadaña (hinambalos ng saklay si Donya Victorina at nilayasan ito)

o Pangarap maging Europea Mga pasahero sa itaas na kubyerta

o Don Custodio – liberal, mataas ang katungkulan

o Padre Camorra – Fraile-artileyeroo Padre Salvi – Pransiskano (payat)o Padre Sibyla – Dominikano, Bise

Rektor ng Unibersidado Padre Irene

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Klerigo; ahit na ahit at mamula-mula ang mukha; may magandang ilong ng Hudyo; sedang sutana – maganda ang tabas at may maliliit na butones

o Ben Zayb Anagrama ng Ibañez and

Benzayb Isang malikhaing

manunulat na mukhang fraile

o Simoun Alahero; tagapayo ng

Kapitan Heneral; matitigas ang laman, kayumanggi, nakadamit Ingles, gumagamit ng salakot na tila timsin, mahabang puting buhok, itim na balbas, madalang magpakilala ang pagiging mestiso, nakasalamin ng asul (de rijilla)

Mga Pag-uusapo Puente del Capricho

Pag-uusap ni Benzayb(manunulat-fraile) at Padre Camorra(fraile-artileyero)

o Pagtutuwid ng Ilog Balak ni Simoun

“Humukay ng isang tuwid na kanal mula sa luwasan hanggang sa hulo ng ilog, na magdaraan sa Maynila. Ang ibig sabihin, gumawa ng bagong ilog at sarhan ang matandang ilog. Makakatipid ng lupa, iikli ang paglalakbay, at mapipigil ang pagtubo ng mga balaho”; mga preso at salarin, at kung kulang ay mga mamamayan ang patutulungin gumawa

Balak ni Don Custodio

“Pipilitin ko ang lahat ng mga bayan sa paligid, kalapit na balaho, na mag-alaga ng pato. At makikita ninyo, sila mismo ang magpapalalim sa ilog dahil sa panghuhuli ng susô. Walang labis, walang kulang; walang kulang, walang labis”

Susulat daw si Ben Zayb ng artikulo ukol ditto

Hindi sumasang-ayon si Donya Victorina dahil nandidiri sa balut

Kabanata 2: Ibabang Kubyerta

Tagpo sa ibabao Nakaupo ang mayorya sa

mga bangkô at sa maliliit na tabureteng kahoy (sa gitna ng mga maleta, kahon, bayong, at tampipi) na 2 hakbang ang layo mula sa makina

o Tahimik na nagninilay ang iba sa tanawin sa pampang

o Naglalaro ng baraha ang iba

o Nag-uusap ang ibao Nasa isang sulok ang ibang

natutulog o nais natulog na mga Tsinong mangangalakal

o Ilang binatilyo (mga estudyante ang karamihan na nakilala dahil sa putting kasuotan) ang nangahas lumibot sa magkabilang dulo ng bapor

Basilioo Nakatatanda, nakasuot ng

itim, estudyante ng Medisina, kilala sa mabuting panggagamot, kahanga-hanga sa pag-aalaga sa mga maysakit

Isagani

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o Higit na mataas kay Basilio, higit na malusog, nakababata kay Basilio, makata, nag-aaral sa Ateneo, may kakaibang ugali, karaniwang ayaw makipagusap, malimit sumpunging di-kumibo, kasintahan ni Paulita, pamangkin ni Padre Florentino

Kapitan Basilioo Mayaman at namili sa

Maynila Pag-uusap

o Kapitan Basilio, Isagani at Basilio

Kapitan Tiago – ayaw magpagamot kahit kanino; pinayuhan ni Padre Irene, matalik na tagapayo ni Kapitan Tiago, na puntahan ni Basilio upang dalawin

Opyo Academia de

Castillano Nangako si

Padre Irene na tutulong

Tutol si Padre Sibyla

Pondo – mag-aambag ang bawat estudyante ng isang real

Propesor – Kalahating Filipino at kalahating Peninsular

Bahay – kay Makaraig

o Basilio at Isagani Si Padre Florentino

ukol kay Paulita Hiniling ni Donya

Victorinang hanapin ni Isagani si Don Tuburcio ngunit

natago ito sa kanilang bahay

o Basilio, Isagani at Simoun Probinsiya at alahas

– walang bumibili ng alahas dahil mahirap (Simoun), di bumibili dahil di kailangan (Isagani), mahirap dahil isang klerigo (Simoun)

Alak/serbesa Inalok ni

Simoun ang 2 uminom, tumanggi ang mga ito

Simoun: narinig mula kay Padre Camorra kaya walang sigla ang baying iyon dahil puro tubig ang iniinom ng mga tao doon

Basilio: kung tubig ang iinumin ay mas makakabuti sa lahat

Isagani: “napakatamis ng tubig at naiinom, bagaman lumulunod sa alak at serbesa at pumapatay sa apoy. Nagiging singaw ito kapag pinainitan; kapag naligalig, nagiging karagatan na minsan nang pumuksa sa

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sangkatauhan at yumanig sa dibdib ng mundo!”

o Basilio at Isagani ukol kay Simoun

Kardinal Moreno, Eminensiya Negro (tagapayo ng Kapitan Heneral)

Si Simoun daw ay pinupuri pag nakaharap at minumura pag nakatalikod (ayon kay Padre Irene)

Padre Florentinoo Klerigo, madalang

magsalita, iginagalang, hindi nangingiming makihalubilo, matanda na, puti na ang buhok ngunit malusog pa, koadyutor noon (pansamantalang namamahala sa isang parokya), tiyo ni Isagani

o Kasaysayan: anak-mayaman, hindi nahilig sa bokasyong saserdote (ngunit napilitan dahil sa pangako sa kanyang ina na malapit sa arsobispo), di pinakinggan ang pagsusumamo at dahilang pag-ibig, naging saserdote sa gulang na 25, buong ipinamana ang kayamanan sa kanya

o Matinding sugat sa pagkatao: ilang linggo mula sa unang misa, nagpakasal sa kung sino ang babaeng pinakamamahal niya dahil sa kawalang pag-asa

o Hiniling na magretiro sa baka mapuna ang malalaking pakinabang nito sa parokya, inampon ang pamangking si Isagani (ayon sa iba’y anak daw niya ito sa dating katipan ng mabalo ito o anak sa pagkadalaga ng isang pinsan sa Maynila)

o Umakyat ito sa itaas na kubyerta at binilin kay Isaganing wag papasok sa kamara (pagdadahilan daw nito upang wag makausap si Donya Victorina)

Chapter 3: Mga AlamatSummary of Chapter 3:

Nagtatalo si Padre Sibyla at si Padre Irene dahil nagcommento si Padre Irene sa mga daing ni Padre Sibyla

Parang ipinamukha ni Padre Irene ang mga negosyo ni Padre Sibyla sa Hong Kong at ang kaniyang mga gusali

Isinagot naman ni Padre Sibyla ang mga paghihirap na dinadanas niya sa pagpapalakad ng kaniyang mga negosyo tulad ng pagtawad ng mga indios at mga taripas (tariffs)

Nung lumitaw muli si Simoun, sinabi ni Don Custodio na hindi niya nakita ang pinakamaganda sa biyahe nila (ang ilog Pasig)

Sabi naman ni Simoun na marami na siyang nakitang ilog at tanawin at naiinteresado lamang siya sa mga alamat ng mga ito.

Nagsalita ang kapitan upang sabihin namayroon ding alamat ang ilog Pasig. Ilan sa kaniyang mga sinabi ay: Malapad na Bato

Bangka na TumaobKuweba ni Donya Jeronima Ipinasalaysay ng Kapitan ang alamat ng

kuweba ni Donya Jeronima kay Padre Florentino

Nung una ay tumanggi si Padre Florentino. Sinasabi niya na alam na ito ng lahat, ngunit namilit ang ibang tao upang ikuwento niya.

Summary ng Alamat ng Kuweba ni Donya Jeronima

May isang estudyante na nangakong pakasalan ang isang babae sa bayan niya

Hinintay siya ng babae hanggang siya ay tumaba at tumanda

Nalaman ng babae isang araw na Arsobispo na ng Maynila ang lalaking nangako sa kaniya

Nagbalat-kayo siya bilang lalaki at pinuntahan ang Arsobispo upang sabihin na tuparin niya ang kaniyang pangako

Dahil hindi na ito matutupad, nagpagawa ng kuweba ang Arsobispo kung saan tumira si Donya Jeronima at doon na namatay at nilibing.

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Sobrang taba daw ni Donya Jeronima na kailangan pa niyang tumagilid para makapasok sa kuweba

Sinasabi na isa siyang engkantada dahil hinagis niya sa ilog ang mga pinggan at kubyertos na pilak

Mayroong lambat (net) sa ilalim ng ilog na sumasalo sa lahat ng gamit

Uni-unting umurong ang ilog tulad ng pagkawala ni Donya Jeronima sa mga alaala ng mga Indio

Summary ng Alamat ni San Nicolas My mga buwaya sa ilog na sumasalakay

ng mga bangka at pinapataub ang mga ito gamit ang buntot

Isang araw, may isang tsino na hindi pa nabibinyagan at itinaob ang kaniyang bangka upang patayin siya at dalhin sa impiyerno

Nagdasal ang tsino kay San Nicolas at biglang naging bato ang buwaya

Description ng Ilog Pasig napapaligiran ng luntiang pampangin at

asul na bundok kahawig ito ng isang mapakalaking

salamin na may kuwadrong Esmeralda at sapiro

sa kanan, makikita ang mahabang pampangin (shore)

sa malayo, makikita ang kawit ng sungay sa likuran ng harap, makikita ang

Makiling sa kaliwa, makikita ang pulo ng Talim

(ditto makikita ang susong dalaga)

Dahil sa tanawin, nalipat ang usapan sa pagkamatay ni Ibarra sa lawang ito

13 years na ang nakakalipas mula ng mangyari ito

Namutla si Simoun Inisip ng kapitan na nabighani lamang si

Simoun sa tanawin Sabi ng kapitan na mas malaki pa ang

lawang ito kaysa sa lawa ng Suiza at mas malaki pa kahit pagsama-samahin ang lahat ng lawa ng Espanya.

Chapter 4: Kabesang Tales

Summary of Chapter 4: Naninirahan sa gitna ng gubat si Tandang

Selo na kahit matanda na ay malakas parin

Ang kaniyang anak na si Tales (aka Telesforo) ay nagtrabaho bilang kasama sa lupain ng isang kapitalista

Habang tumagal ang panahon, nagkaroon siya ng kalabaw at ilang daang piso at gusto na niya magsarili kasama ang kaniyang pamilya at ang kaniyan ama

Lininis nila ang gubat sa may hangganan ng bayan sa paniniwalang walang may ari nito

Sa kanilang pagaayos ng lupa, isa-isang nagkalagnat ang kaniyang asawa at mga anak dahil sa mga iba’t-ibang organismo sa lupa (bacteria)

Namatay ang kaniyang asawa at panganay na anak na nagngangalang Lucia

Inisip na lamang nila na kakagawan ito ng mga engkanto sa gubat

Isang araw, may korporasyong relihiyoso na umaangkin sa lupang kanilang tinaniman

Dumating sila sa usapan na magbabayad na lamang si Tales ng dalawampu o tatlumpong piso bawat taon

Pumayag si Tales dahil naisip niya na mas marami siyang gagastusin kung makikipaglaban siya sa korporasyon (lawyer fee, transportation fee etc)

Sinabi ni Tandang Selo na isipin na lamang ni Tales na natalo siya sa sugal o di kaya ay nahulog ang pera niya sa lawa at kinain ng buwaya

Naging masagana ang ani at nais magpatayo ni Tales ng bahay sa bayan ng Tiani

Makalipas ang isang taon, itinaas ng fraile sa limampung piso (50 pesos) ang kanilang sinisingil kay Tales

Upang makaiwas sa gulo, pumayag na lamang si Tales ditto

Sabi ni Tandang Selo na isipin na lamang ni Tales na lumaki ang buwaya sa lawa

Nagawa na ang bahay niya sa Tiani at nais niyang pagaralin ang buhay pa niyang mga anak na si Juliana o Juli at si Tano

Dahil nakita ang pagunlad ng kanilang pamilya, binoto nila si Tales bilang kabesa de baranggay

Para walang gulo sa simbahan, nag-aambag muna siya sa mga pagkukulang ng mga taong bayan sa buwis (tax)

Sabi ni Tandang Selo na isipin na lamang ni Tales na dumating yung mga kamag-anak ng buwaya sa lawa

Muling itinaas ng fraile ang sinisingil para sa lupa sa dalawang daang piso (200)

Di nagbayad si Tales dahil pang aabuso na daw ito

Ipaglalaban niya ang lupa hanggat makita niya na ang aangkin nito ay magdidilig

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nito ng dugong mula sa sariling ugat tulad ng ginawa niya

Linabanan ni Tales ang fraile kahit gumastos pa siya

Sa kaniyang mga paglalakbay mula gubat patungong pamayanan, hinuli siya ng mga tulisan (bandits) at sinabing kung mayroon siyang pangbayad ng abogado, meron din dapat siya para sa kanila at humingi sila ng pangtubos ng 500 pesos

Nang makarating ang balita kay Juli, binilang niya ang kaniyang pera at ito ay 200 pesos lamang

Binenta niya lahat ng kaniyang alahas maliban sa binigay sa kaniya ni Basilio ngunit nadagdagan lamang ng 50 pesos ang kaniyang 200

May matandang babaeng naawa at sinabing papautangin niya ng 250 si Juli pero kailangan niyang manilbihan sa kaniya hanggang mabayaran ang utang

Hindi sang-ayon si Tandang Selo ngunit nakapag-desisyon na si Juli

Chapter 5

Basilio -> San Diego (procession during Nochebuena)

delayed because of the kutsero who forgot his sedula

parade sequence1. Matsulan – first image

- long mustache

- sitting beside a grave

- stove with palayok, almiria, kalikut na dinidikdikan ng buyo

2. 3 kings- second image

- riding a horse

- king of the Indio: Bernardo (located in the San Mateo cave)

* save them from oppression

3. 2 rows of sad boys: light the procession4. San Jose/ St. Joseph

- cane with asusena flowers

5. Young girls

- holding small rabbits made out of japanese paper

6. Virgin wearing a Divina Pastora

- pregnant

- father: you have to pay P30

San Diego – town of Basilio lived in the house of Kapitan Basilio the guardian of the forest died because of

old age

Chapter 6Basilio -> forest of the Ibarras; owned by Kapitan Tiago

removes the hat in front of the tomb (grave of mom, Sisa)

death of Sisa after 13 years found a treasure which was given to him

that enabled him to study

History of Basilio arrived in Manila he was first a beggar that took odd jobs

but he lived in the house of Kapitan Tiago and Tiya Isabel

o they come from San Diego and they were the ones who sponsored his studies (Letran)

o the day they met Basilio was the day Maria Clara was brought to the convent

1st yr of school: oppressed and discriminated

2nd yr of school: his cock won so he bought a pair of shoes & a fietero hat

3rd yr of school: he was called a “parrot” 4th yr of school: moved top Ateneo

o took medicine (but Kapitan Tiago liked law)

o read the speech during graduation

Chap 7. - Simoun Basilio is visiting his mother’s grave.

Simon arrives, doesn’t notice Basilio, and starts digging. Basilio recognizes him as someone who helped him 13 years ago. He approaches Simon and offers to help

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him with whatever he was doing. Simon is surprised, mostly because Basilio recognizes him from years ago.

Simon lectures Basilio about what they [the youth] are supposedly fighting for – to have the nation learn Spanish. Basilio thinks that learning the language would enable the people to unite with the government. Simon believes that learning Spanish would decline the development of the Filipinos as a united nation. According to Simon, there are some who even pretend not to know how to speak or to write in Filipino, in favor of Spanish. He wants the youth to love their country and language, instead of trying to adapt to a new one. Simon expresses to Basilio his lack of desire for Hispanization. [The Filipino youth as part of a pro-Spanish movement.] – “It is only a poor imitation (of Spain), and the Filipinos should aim higher.”

“Instead of aspiring to be a mere province (of Spain), aspire to be a nation.” - Simon

Simon’s plan – to eradicate the Spanish culture in the Philippines; to have the Philippines fight to become an independent nation.

Simon asks Basilio to help him – influence his fellow youth to fight for their independence. Basilio refuses – he is a man of Science, he says, and is not in the position to empower such a fight. Basilio wants a simple life.

Chap. 8 – Merry Christmas Juli wakes up early in the morning and

prepares her clothes basket or tampipi. She is filled with thoughts of her father’s misfortune. She also thinks about Basilio and his promise – “When I become a doctor and we are married, your father will not need his fields.”

Christmas Day in the Philippineso The feast for children (although

the children, themselves, may not think so).

They’re woken up early, washed, and dressed in expensive garments

Attend High Mass, where they’re expected to behave,

otherwise they shall be rebuked or pinched.

Taken from house to house to visit relatives (for hand-kissing). They have to dance, sing – any form of entertainment. They must do it whether they like to or not.

Relatives give the children cuartos, which the parents take away and keep for themselves.

They’re given a lot of candies and biscuits by their relatives – and end up having stomach aches after having too many of them.

o Single Grown-ups: Visit parents, uncles, aunts

– bend a knee and greet them a merry Christmas

Presents consist of: a sweet, a fruit, a glass of water or some insignificant gift

Tandang Selo (Juli’s grandfather) solemnly watches as the people pass by his window and head to High Mass. Juli has forgotten to greet him a merry Christmas. He doesn’t have any presents for anyone this year.

Relatives come to visit him with their children and when Tandang Selo tries to greet them, he finds that he is unable to make any sound, he couldn’t laugh, all that comes out is a dull sound. Tandang Selo has become mute.

El Filibusterismo

Chapter 9: “Pilates” The news of misfortune spread (others

were sorry, others shrugged their shoulders).

The teniente of the guardia civil had orders to:

- seize all weapons- pursued the tulisanes – When they

kidnapped Cabesang Tales Padre Clemente (a lay brother hacendero)

was the one who complained about the tulisanes and Cabesang Tales (who kept wandering around his lands) for his own security.

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Sister Penchang thought Juliana (Juli) was a great sinner because she did not know how to pray.

- Sister Penchang thanked God for the sequestration of Cabesang Tales (Juli’s dad) so that Juli could learn virtuous acts and be delivered from sin. Juli wasn’t allowed to take care of her grandfather. Juli had to learn how to pray, read booklets from the friars and work until she pais the 250 pesos.

- Sister Penchang learned that Basilio went to Manila to withdraw his savings to redeem Juli. She believed that those young men who go to Manila to learn are lost and make others lost too. So she made Juli read Tandang Basio Macunat repeatedly and making Juli go to see the priest in the convent.

The friars won the lawsuit and took advantage of the captivity of Cabesang Tales to deliver his lands to others.

When Cabesang Tales learned that he lost his lands, his father dumb, his daughter serving as a maid and was ordered to evacuate his house in 3 days (ordered by the Tribunal transmitted by the teniente del barrio), he scarcely spoke a word.

Chapter 10: “Wealth and Misery” Simoun the jeweler with 2 servants stayed

in Cabesang Tales’ barrio (overnight).- Simoun inquired about the

conditions on the highways and asked Cabesang Tales if his revolver would be sufficient enough to defend himself from the tulisanes.

Various families of neighboring towns were arriving, attracted by the fame of the jeweler.

- Capitan Basilio came with his wife Capitana Tika, daughter Sinang and his son-in law, ready to spend at least 3,000 pesos.

- Sister Penchang wanted to buy a diamond ring which she promised to the Virgin of Antipolo. She left Juli to memorize the booklet sold by the priest for 2 cuartos with 40 days of indulgences granted by the Archbishop.

- Sinang wanted diamonds and antique stones.

- Simoun displayed and elaborated what jewelries he is selling.

- Sister Penchang thought that giving a gift to the Virgin of Antipolo would grant her desire to be included in a miracle and be immortalized on earth and in Heaven.

Cabesang Tales wondered that with one single diamond, he could get back his lands, keep his house and save his daughter.

Aside from jewelries, Simoun brought with him a box that contained “life and death: poison and its antidote”

Capitana Tika bought a reliquary which contained the chip of stone which Our Lord rested after his 3rd fall; Sinang a pair of earrings and Capitan Basilio a watch chain for the alferez, lady’s earrings for the priest and other gifts.

Simoun also bought old jewelries, making exchanges with thrifty mothers.

Simoun asked cabesang Tales if he were to sell something.

- Sinang suggested the locket of Maria Clara. The same locket which Maria Clara wore at the fiesta in San Diego and which in a gesture of compassion she gave to a leper.

- Simoun offerd 500 pesos for it. - Sister Penchang, fearing that this

would redeem Juli encouraged Cabesang Tales to keep it as a relic. Cabesang Tales wanted to consult with his daughter first so he left the house.

When Cabesang Tales went out his barrio, he saw the friar- hacendro and another man (who had taken his lands) and his wife. Cabesang Tales felt great anger and jealousy. He saw the men laughing and pointing at his house. Cabesang Tales followed the path were the 2 men were walking.

Simoun woke up the next morning, saw his leather holster of his revolver empty. He opened it and found a note from Telesforo Juan de Dios (Cabesang Tales) and the gold locket with emeralds.

- Simoun breathed in relief. He ordered his servant to proceed to Los Banos and take the larger suitcase and wait for him there.

4 guardias civiles came to arrest Cabesang Tales (who wasn’t there), they took Tandang Selo instead.

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3 assassinations took place the night before. The friar- haciedero, the new tenant and his wife were found dead on the boundaries of his land. Their heads were blown-up and their mouths filled with soil. The wife had a paper beside her in which the name Tales was written in blood.

Chap. 11. – Los Banos Hunting in relation to the integrity of

Spain and the Philippines. The Gov.-Gen., without bringing home any game from the hunt will “endanger Spain’s integrity.”

The Gov.-Gen. Playing tresilla [Spanish card game] with Padre Irene, Padre Sybilla and Padre Camorra.

Padre Camorra gets irked with the game and quits. The Gov.-Gen. Invites Simon to take the friar’s place in the game.

Simon asks the following as payment from his ‘opponents’:o Padre Sybila (instead of 5 tokens)

“I renounce for five days of poverty, humility, and obedience…”

o Padre Irene “I renounce chastity, generosity,

etc.”o Gov.-Gen. (supposed to be 5 tokens)

IOU for five days of incarceration IOU for five months of

incarceration A blank deportation order An authorization – a summary

execution expedited b y the guardia civil

Etc…

Tulisanes – outcasts; thieveso “In my opinion, the tulisanes are the

most honest men in the country” – Simon comparing them to Padre Irene [serving as an implicit insult to the friar]

Issues discussedo With regard to sporting firearms in

the country; Gov.-Gen. wants to place decree to

control the possession of firearms

High official is opposed to Gov.-Gen.’s decision.

Note: the Gov.-Gen. And the High Official have always had divergences of opinion

Simon’s suggestion – sale should be authorized only for firearms that may not have a caliber of six millimeters.

o Building a schoolhouse (as requested by the schoolmaster of Tiani)

Pro – Secretary (of Gov.-Gen.); Anti – Gov.-Gen.; Padre Camorra;

Ben Zayb; Don Custodio – proposes to use the

cockpits as schools (during the weekdays)

o Academy for teaching Spanish (as proposed by the students) Has been six months since the

application for its decree Pro – Padre Irene

High Official – “we have no right to deny it grounded on mere conjectures…grant what they ask, and be free to revoke permission if kindness of the gov’t has been abused.”

Padre Fernandez – Give the youth what they want; we should instill gratitude in them [to us] instead of opposing what they ask for.

Anti – Padre Sybila; Simon; Padre Camorra – “Indios

shouldn’t learn Spanish – they shouldn’t argue but only obey and pay…as soon as they know Spanish, they become enemies of God and Spain.”

The discussion is not resolved.

* Juli asks for the release of her grandfather

Chapter 12 (Placido Penitente)

Summary:

The University of Sto. Tomas (UST) during the Spanish period was in Intramuros, near the College of San Juan de Letran.

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During the American period, UST transferred to España in Manila. Practically all the schools then were in Intramuros -- Letran and Ateneo.

Christmas Break was over, and the students were returning to their schools.

Why did Placido wish to stop his schooling? After four years of school, he was not known nor noticed by his teachers. He was disillusioned because he was bright and wished to lean. In his town, he was admired for his intellect.

What does his name mean? Placid or Peaceful. Penitent, or one who suffers... "in silence."

Why did Pelaez hint that Padre Camorra has his way with women in Tiani? The friars threatened the women, and told them that their brothers/parents would be jailed or banished if they did not yield to the desires of the friars.

Why would Juli eventually fall into the hands of Padre Camorra? Pelaez was well-aware of what Padre Camorra was capable of doing.

What did Rizal say about the youth of that time? Most of them learn nothing because (a) They didn't bring books, (b) The classes were too big (too many students), (c) Teachers held the students in low-esteem, and (d) There were too many "No Class" days.

Please note that online novel and chapter summaries, study guides and notes, Cliff notes, biography or study packs, criticisms and critical analysis, or even essays on character and plot analysis are just supplementary materials. Please read the entire novel to gain a full flavor of Rizal's writings, and to also help develop yourself as a student and writer. Also, don't just read these free book summaries. The physical act of note taking will help you retain the things you've learned.

Details: Placido Penitente going through Escolta

to get to UST Placido Penitente wants to leave school,

return home, and work Placido Penitente – one of the best

Latinists and debaters Letranites – mostly dressed a la Filipina Juanito Pelaez – “class clown” and

classmate of Placido Penitente Lesson on mirrors (Physics) Dia Pichido – a day found between 2

holidays on which class is cancelled

Juanito is in charge of collecting contribution for monument of Padre Baltazar in Sto. Domingo

PP gave 4 pesos (the other 2 pesos will be given back by Juanito) as contribution

Isagani – poet, explaining to a companion the theory of the refraction of light

Paulita Gomez went down from a carriage with two white horses

Tadeo – liked by professors Petition – counter-petition of an Academy

of Spanish petitioned by Macaraig and other people

Chapter 13- A Class in Physics

Summary:The lesson for the day was all about

mirrors. First, the prof questioned a sleepy student regarding mirrors; when he was unable to answer, Juanito Pelaez was called. Pelaez kept on bugging Placido Penitente for an answer, and the professor noticed it due to the fact that Pelaez stepped on placido’s foot. When Placido was unable to answer the questions of the professor, he was ridiculed in front of the class—soon he was unable to control his anger and he confronted the professor and left the class.

Classroom (general description):- broad rectangular space- with large grilled windows- three wide seats of stone covered with

wood- students arranged in alphabetical order- there’s a cabinet where the equipments

for Physics are stored but never used.- At the end, opposite the entrance, under the portrait of St. Thomas Aquinas is the chair of the professor. (elevated, with a small stairway on each side)- blackboard narra-framed- word written on the blackboard: VIVA- walls painted white with glazed tiles- school: UNIVERSITY OF STO. TOMAS- under the Dominicans- some 250 students annually study physics- in this laboratory, preparatory classes of 30 or 40 students are held.

- prof: Young Dominican named Padre Millon. He was a professor from the College of San Juan de letran. It was the 3rd year of his professorship; BUT it’s his first time to teach Physics and Chem. He knew the physics of Aristotle and Padre

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Amat, read Ramos and then took a look at Ganot. He would often murmur “transeat”

- Students don’t need to take examinations at the end of the course

- He was a professor of Geography; had doubts about roundness of earth and recited: El Mentir de las estrellas Es un comodo mentir (the lying of the stars Is a comfortable lying). He was also a professor of Canon law

- Those who recited well from memory like a recorder earned raya Buena (good mark), and he who committed more than 3 errors was given mala.

STUDENTS (235 including Placido Penitente) :Note: there’s a lot of Spanish words injected in the dialogues between the professor and his students especially in pp. 134-141.

1. Fat Boy- sleepy face, stiff hair like bristles of a

brush- yawned to the point of almost dislocating

his jaw- after being called by the professor,

recited like a “steam engine gyrating a record player”

- the professor asked him Dominus vobiscum and he answered requiescat in pace

- the professor asked if the Camagong is part of a classification of mirrors

2. Juanito Pelaez (seat mate of fat boy and Placido Penitente)

3. Placido Penitente-“amalgam” means that “it is united with mercury which is another metal”- was absent not more than 4 times, but the professor counted it as 15 (3 absences and multiplying it by 5). 16 absences will earn him a failing grade in the Physics class.

Chapter 14- A Students’ Lodging HouseIt was noisy in Makaraig’s Lodging house, but the uproar ceased when a group of distinguished students arrived. A group of students were convoked by Makaraig to discuss the progress on the academy for the teaching of Spanish. The students discussed a bit by themselves at first while waiting for Macaraig's arrival. Isagani and Pecson are optimistic while Pecson remains skeptic. Macarig soon arrives with news that Padre Irene has talked with the Captain general in Los Banos; and that a lot opposed their proposition. Then, their proposition was given to

Don Custodio to decide upon. The students thought of 2 ways to make Don Custodio agree; the first one was to employ Pepay, a dancer. The second option was to beg Senor Pasta to join their cause. Everyone decided to ask for the help of Senor Pasta first.

The house where Macaraig lived:-Large, spacious with two mezzanine floors-with elegant gratings- looked like a school during the first hours in the morning; pandemonium from 10am onwards- during recreation hours: laughter, tumult and movement- children played sipa- staircase supported fencing matches among 8 or 9 armed with canes, pikes, crooks, lassoes; but none was hurt. The cane blows usually hit a Chinese in the shoulder.- Chinese peddler selling a mess of victuals and indigestible pastries-crowds of boys pulled on his pigtail, snatched a pie.-Chinaman’s items: hopia, melon seeds, bilao (containing pastries).-Ateneo students are writing compositions in piano, violin, guitar, accordin.-in one room, four are playing revision amid laughter and jests.- a boy playing cards puts down a card (three of spades)- in the dining room, a young man with a can of sardines, a bottle of wine and provisions which he has brought from his hometown, makes effort to make his friends join him in a snack,-others are bathing at the azotea

Characters:1. Isagani2. Macaraig3. Sandoval

-a peninsular; a liberal4. Pecson

-pessimistic-flabby person-with an ample smile of a madcap

5. Juanito Pelaez6. Macaraig

- had a chochero to take care of his arena and his horses-studied law-Saw padre Irene in the morning-Padre Irene remembered the “superior commission of Primary Instruction”

7. Matea-embroider”Bordadora”) of Senor Pasta

-they proposed that class hours be at night

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-morality can be invoked as an impediment such as the school of Malolos-they cited universities such as the academy of design, school of arts and trades-one student mentioned that convents occupy 1/3 of Manila-proposed the use of Pepay the bailarina to help convince Don custodio, but ended up seeking the help of Senor Pasta.

CHAPTER 15 Tanggapan = bupete Abogado may bahagyang ubo at palihim

na tumingin sa paa ni Isagani Di siya nito kaagad pinansin Maasim at matigas mukha ng abogado,

malaki itinanda Ngunit nang makilala si isagani

lumiwanag ang mukha nito at iniabot ang kamay

Hinanaop ng abogado ang tiyo ng bata Senyor pasta walang emotion na

ipinapakita sa simula Nagpanggap na walang alam upang

ipakitang wala siyang pakialam Dumilim ang mukha nang malamang may

kinalaman sa bise rector, fraile atbp ang pagpunta ni isagani

Sana ay sa kanila pumanig si pasta kapag sumangguni sa kaniya si don custodio

Humingi ng payo si isagani Pasya ni pasta: di siya makikialam Hindi lamang si pdre Irene ang

tagapagtaguyod ng panig ng mga estudyante

Nilito niya si isagani – idinako sa ibang larangan ang usapan

Di naniniwala si isagani na maaaring magdulot ng masama and pagtataguyod sa mataas na launin ng gobyerno sa pagsisikap na matamo ang kaniyang mabuting interpretasyoon

Umupo si pasta sa kaniyang silyon Pasta: nararapat isaisantabi ang ganiyang

mga pag-iisip sapagkat mapanganib; hayaang kumilos ang gobyerno

Isagani: nararapat sumunod ang gobyerno sa ipinahihiwatig ng mamamayan na higit na nakakaalam sa kanilang pangangailangan.

o Tulad ng ibang tao, nagkakamali rin kaya dapat hind imaging bingi sa kuro-kuro ng iba

Past: el que no llora no mama = ang hindi umiyak, walang gatas

Isagani: walang ibang dapat hingin ang baying napopoot kundi ang magbitiw ang gobyerno sa kaopangyarihan

Mga kabatang nasa Madrid – mga filibusteri – di makapangahas umuwi, walang karanasang nasa Madrid na humihingi ng reporma

Hinanap ni pasta ang kaniyang anteohos – p.119

Tutol ang bise rector sa pagtutuo ng kastila – di sa nilalaman kundi sa anyo

Lumaki si pasta na hawak sa kanang kamay ay batidor at gramatika sa kaiwa

Pasta: ang ibig matuto, matututo at dudunong

o Mga kailangan ay mga bisig, sa agrikultura

Isagani: hindi labis ang mga doctor at abogado sapagkat sa ilang mga bayan ay wala; ang iba namay marami nga ngunit mababang kaledad

o Walang masamang turuan ang mga nangangailangan upang mabvigay man lamang sa kanila ang edukasyong magpapahintulot sa kanila pagkatapos na mapabuti ang sarili, upang mailagay sila sa katayuang maunawaan ang maraming bagay na hindi pa nila alam ngayon

Pasta: hindi kailangan ang maraming retorika upang maging mahusay na magsasaka

o Ibuhos mo na lang ang pag-aaral kung paano maglagay ng emplasto at gumamit ng mga linta

o Huwag kailanmang magtangkang pabutihin o pasamaain ang kapalaran ng mga katulad mo

o Magdipag ka, magsilbi at maningil ng mabuti; mag-asawa

o Iwasan ang lahat ng bagay na may kinalaman sa pangkalahatag kalagayan ng bayan

Ayon kay bentham: hindi dpat maghanap sa lupa ang isang tao nang higit pa sa pinakamataas na kaligayahang pansarili

Kapag pumasok ka sa Quijotismo – mga pangarap – di ka magkakaroon ng karera

Isagani: ayokong gumunita sa nakaraan at masilayang pansarili lamang ang ginawa; sa gayon magiging tinik ang bawat uban

Pasta:o Koronang laurel: hindi iyan ang

buhayo Di iyan nagdudulot ng makakain,

di nagtatamo ng karangalano Kawawang binata: kawawang

florentino

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CHAPTER 16o Sabado nang maghanda si quirogao Quiroga – naghahangad magtatag ng

konsulado para sa kaniyang nasyono Hapunan sa bahay sa kalye escolta – sa

bazaaro Tindahan niya ang tumutustos sa lahat ng

pangangailangan ng fraile etco Mga bisita – fraile at empleadoo Silya kung saan sila nakaupo – mula sa

Viennao Mula naman sa canton ang maliit na

maitim at amrmol na bangkitoo Iba sa mga bisita ay naglalaro ng tresilyoo Paintings on the walls from canton and

HKo Matitingkad na odaleskang

kromiyao Gawa ng mga tindahan ng hudyo

sa alemanya upang ipagbili sa mga katoliko – litograpiya ng malababaeng kristo

o Nakatayo sa likuran niya ang utusan – pangit, mukhang demonyo, may sibat (called Mahoma or Santiago by Indios)

o Pumutok mga bottles ng champagneo Natatangi ang amoy – amoy bahay ng

tsinoo Halo halong pabete, opyo, mga minatamis

na prutaso Suot ni quiroga – suot mandarin,

nakagorang mga borlas na asul; nagmamanman upang matiyak na walang anumang mawawala

o Alam niyang ang kaniyan gmga bisita ay pumunta roon hindi para sa kaniya kundi para sa kaniyang hapunan

o Senyor Gonzales – tabatsoy – sumusulat sa kanyang kolum na bumabatikos sa imigrasyong tsino

o 1 matanda – suri laman ng lampara - don timoteo pelaez – ama ni juanito – komersyanteng laban sa kumpetensdiyang tsino na sumisira sa kaniyang negosyo

o 2 – kayumanggi, payat, masigla mata maputla ngiti – may gawa ng usapin ukolk sa pisong mehikano – matuak na empleado sa maynila

o 3 – tinging malamlam at bigoteng di inaayos – timuligsda mga bilyete sa loterya ni quiroga

o 2/3 ng blyete napunta sa tsinao quiroga = konsul = pagkakapantay = mga

karapatano nangumbida – doesn’t eat putaheng

europeo – tungga lamgn ng kopa

o simoun arrives, had dinner already; nakikipagusap sa sala sa ilang mga komersiyanteng dumaraing sa takbo ng kanilang negosyodon timoteo pelaez – 1. mga patrabaho sa daungan nagpapabigat sa negosyo – parang isang telang guadalupeng hinahabi’t tinatastas; 2. Buwis

o dekreto ng heeral – paggiba ng mga bhay na gawa sa mga marurupok na materyales

o hindi gagawin ang pggiba sa isang buwan hanggang sa pagdating ng kuwaresma

o sinalubong ni simoun nang makitang parating si quiroga

o simoun – inahangaan ni quiroga – napagalaman niyang sinasangayunan ang ambisyon ng tsino at nasa panig ng konsulado

o payo ng einensya negra sa heneral na gamitin ang mga tsino upang ilugso ang matibay na dangal ng mga katutubo

o paligsahan ng gma gremyo ng mestiso at katutubo

o misao kanang bangko – gobernadorsilyo

ng mga katutubo – pagpatungin hita to show off botinas

o katapat na bangko – mestiso – bumukaka upang ipakita ang tiyang nakapiit

- next misa – all mestiso may bilbil na kahit payat at nakabukaka tila nangangabayo

o katutubo lahat nakapatong hita; kahit mataba kaya naman ang pinakamataba ang kabesa de baranggay bumaligtad

o tsino gaya din – 1 nakabaluktot at nakataas at ang isa ay nakabitin at kukuya-kuyakoy ang kabila

- nagkadigmaang sibilo gov solved by giving law

thatmaupo lahat like all Chinese dahil sila ang nagbabayad ng pinakamalaki bagaman kahit hindi pinaka-katoliko

o di mgaya ng mga mestiso at katutubo dahil sa masikip na pantaloon – pantalong makipot

o nakarating pa sa cortes ang kaso- kinamusta ni simoun ang mga pulseras

o lugi umano siyao tingin ni simoun na mabuti ang

takbo ng lahat sapagkat dumadaing ang komersyanteng tsino – ok. Pero kapag sinasabing oo, hindi maganda ang takbo dahil

14

nakikinita nito ang lugi at di lalao’y uuwi na sa kaniyang bansa

o to describe his condition, quiroga described using word “hapay” kasabay ang pag-anyong nabubuwal

- dinala ni quiroga si simoun sa silido 3 brilyanteng purselas ay di talaga

para sa asawa but para sa isang dama – dahil kailangan niya ng impluwensiya para sa isang magandang negosyong maaaring pagkakitaan niya ng 6,000

o di niya alam tast and para galante he asked for the 3 most expensive – 3-4,000 each

o mahaba kuko ni quiroga- simooun na bahala sumingil sa mga may

utang kay Q basta give me receipts- ibababa ni simooun sa 7,000 ang 9,000 na

utang ni Q kuing papayag si q na ipasok sa kaniyang bahay6 ang mga baril na darating sa gabing iyon.- itabi lamang sa kaniyang bodega

- Si Q kasi ay nakapagpapapasok ng anumang bagay naibig niya sa adwana

- Siya rin nagbibigay ng armas sa kumbento

- Magkakaroon ng pagrerekisa – marami makakatulong at kikita sila sa pamamagitan ng pagtulong na makalaya ang mga bilanggo

- Si Q ay takot sa mga armas – mayroon siiyang rebolber sa lamesa ngunit wala itong bala

- Don custodio and other senyoras – talk about komisyong ipinadala sa India upang pagaralan ang sapatos ng sundalo = koronel, 2 opisyal, pamangkin ng kataas-taasan

- Sanayan lamang iyan, anoi nila. Nasanay na tayong walang sapatos-indio. Tulad ng mga buriko na sanay na sa hindi pagkain

- Bakit bibigyan ng sapatos gayong ipinanganak nang wala iyon

- Malaki ang matitipid sa hukbong sandatahang hubot hubad

- (peryodistang fraile) Ben Zayb (siya rin si Fray Ibañez) and Padre Camorra

o tila sila mga kutsily oat bola ng salamangkero na inihahagis at sinasalo ng isat isa

o Mr Leeds at espinghe – ulong nagsasalita sa Quiapo

o Si juanito pelaez pa alng ang nakakita talaga at ikinuwento lamang sa kanila

o Ben Zayb wants natural explanation

o P. Camorra – diyablo dawo Padre Irene – nakangitio Padre salvi – nanatiling taimtimo BZ- Optika umano ang lahat –

dalisay na problema ng pisikao PC-Nasa loob ng isang kahong

ipinatong sa isang mesa ang ulo – espiritista ito dahil sag anon lagging gumagamit ng mesa; dapat ipagbawal ni p. salvi ang palabas na ito bilang gobernador eklesyastiko

- simoun suggest to find out better go there- p. salvi and don custodio disliked the idea

– ano na lamang ang sasabihin ng mga indio? Na tao lang rin sila

- BZ promises na bialng peryodista, kakausapin niya si mr. leeds upang magkaroon ng exclusive show para lamang sa kanila – huwag papasukin madla habang nasa loob sila

- 12 ang bumabao don custodioo p. salvio p. camorrao p. Ireneo bzo juanito pelaezo hinatid sila ng kanilang karuwahe

patungo sa pasukan ng plaza de quiapo

Chapter 17: The Quiapo Fair

Summary:

There was a Quiapo Fair. Padre Camorra and Ben Zayb were the main people there. They saw Paulita Gomez, Isagani, Donya Victorina there.

Padre Camorra was very pleased because there were many pretty girls.

They came across a booth that was filled with figurines and sculptures. They saw the figures and started to compare them with people they know. One looked like Ben Zayb, another like Padre Irene. The other one looked like Simoun. Then they realized Simoun wasn’t there. Padre Camorra said “How stingy that American is! He is afraid that we will make him pay for the admission of all into the booth of Mr. Leeds.”

Without purchasing a single item, they went on their way to see the Sphinx. Ben Zayb

15

offered to manage the whole affair for an American would not refuse a journalist who could retaliate with an unfavourable article

Other notes:>The Quiapo Fair was in January. People went to see, be seen and amuse themselves.

>Padre Camorra was in seventh Heaven when he saw many pretty maidens.

>Padre Camorra stopped, turned his head and nudged at Ben Zayb when they saw the girls

>Padre Salvi was looking at them but Padre Camorra Didn’t care.

> the shop was filled with dimunitice wooden figurines carved in the country- Indios, Spaniards, Chinese, mestizos, friar, clerics, bureaucrats, and so forth.

Chapter 18: Deceptions

There was a spectacle that was a must see in the fair. It was the Sphinx. The person in charge for that spectacle was an American, Dr. Leeds.

Ben Zayb and Padre Camorra went on to see the Sphinx. They were bother sceptic about the show so they went to insect the whole act. Ben Zayb was saying that the show was just an optical illusion produced by mirrors. So he went on to inspect the table where the Sphinx was going to be. To his dismay he wasn’t able to prove his theory.

During the show Dr. Leeds presented a box, the box was black and empty. It had inscriptions of birds, mammals, flowers, human heads and the like. He also let everyone inspect it to make sure that it wasn’t a trick.

Inside were ashes of the Sphinx. It was to transform through words that Dr. Leeds would say.

When the show began, the Sphinx appeared in a form of a head of a cadaverous aspect, surrounded by long abundant black hair.

Mr. Leeds ordered the Sphinx to tell who he was and the Sphinx told his story.

The Sphinx was Imuthis. He was born at the time of Amasis and killed during the domination of Persians. After his long journey throughout Greece, Assyria and Persia, he was returning to his country. To his misfortune, he

was passing through Babylon and discovered the terrible secret, The Secret of the false Smerdis who had usurped power, the rash magician Gautama who governed thorugh a ruse. Fearing he would be discovered by Cambysses he decided to the Imuthis’ perdition availing himself of the Egyptian priests. The priests were the rulers of Imithus’ country, owners of twi-thirds of lands and monopolizers.

This was causing a stir with the priests watching.

Imithus fell in love with a damse, daughter of a priest. So the priest accused Imithus of rebellion, jailed and escaoed, however he was killed in the lake of Moeris.

The Sphinx was saying NO! MERCY! Murderer.. Padre Salvi was somehow affected and became pale. As the Sphinx was repeating, ASSASSIN, CULMINATOR, SACRILEGIOUS… Padre Salvi fainted.

“The Spectacle must be forbidden” said Don Custodio, “above all, because it does not use mirrors!” said Ben Zayb.

Immediately the Ecclesiastic Governor suspended the show, but Mr. Leeds had already disappeared.

Chapter 19: The Fuse

Placido Penitente – a Batangueno o Left school immediately – angry o Walked home: house of a silversmith

where he lived as a boardero Wanted to go home to his town and

avenge himself by showing the friars that they could not insult or laugh at a youth with impunity

o Cabesang Andang: mothero Placido wanted to write a letter to

his mother and tell her what has happened, and that for him the school has closed forever

o Although there was the Ateneo (Jesuits), the Dominicans would not allow Placido’s transfer

o Arriving home, Placido saw Cabesang Andang who just arrived from Batangas

o brought money, dried venison and silk handkerchiefs

o saw his son’s gloomy face and began to ask questions

o talked about Capitana Simona and her son who will enter the seminary

16

o recalled her promise to Placido’s father: to take care, to educate and to make a lawyer

lost her money to gambling used her money on masses

and offerings to San Sebastian

San Sebastian: new saint – does not know how to perform miracles

o Not made of batikulin and laniti

o She told him to be patient with the treatment and actions of the friars, even if there is hatred within him

For every 1 good there are 10 bad ones that take money from the poor and exile the rich

One must be silent, suffer, and endure; there is no other way

o Placido left the houseo Traversed Sibakong, Tondo, San

Nicolas, Santo Cristoo Went back when he realized he was

hungry and had no moneyo Found his mother there, which was

surprising because she would usually go to the neighbor’s house to play panguingui

o Cabesang Andang was waiting and told him that she was going to talk to the proctor of the Augustinians to make her son enter the grace of the Dominicans

o But Placido refused and would rather want to be a tulisan than to go back to the University

o Placido left again and headed towards the docks where the ships anchor

o He saw a streamer raising anchor for Hong Kong

o Idea: go to Hong Kong, be rich and wage a war against the friars

o Desire to live free: made him decide on the idea

o Nighttime: still wandering around San Fernando; did not meet any sailor friend and decided to go back home

o Headed to the fair, still thinking about Hong Kong

Saw jeweler Simoun bidding farewell to a foreigner who was leaving

for Hong Kong, both speaking in English; he followed Simoun and asked for help

o Placido and Simoun left the fair for Iris Street in a carriage

Placido still thinking about Hong Kong

Went off the carriage Passed by: Isagani and

Paulita Gomez, Dona Victorina and Juanito Pelaez

o Reached a large yard with a hut Simoun knocked at the

window; a man opened Gunpowder in sacks and

bombs were exchanged for some gold coins

Simoun asked the man to proceed to Lamayan, meet a man in a banka, say Cabesa and the man will say Tales; left immediately

Simoun revealed that the man was a schoolmaster who wanted to teach Spanish to children and did not stop until he lost his position and was exiled for disturbing peace and for having been the friend of Ibarra; Simoun took him from exile and made him a pyrotechnist

o Returned to the main street and headed to Trozo by foot

o Went to Simoun’s house in Escolta Street on carriage: half past 10

o 2 hours later: Placido left Simoun’s house

o Simoun looking out the window with the view of the Walled City and the Pasig River

Thinking about the flames that would burn the city within a few days

Wicked city: den of presumptuous nothingness and the impious exploitation of the ignorant and the unfortunate

There would be chaos and a revolution will arise

Simoun: criminal career in Havana

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Faithless man without patriotism and conscience

But suddenly Simoun thought about the possible effects of the flames

Bloody ghosts, murdered men, separated families virtues outraged

Something in him protested against his actions

For the first time he felt fear and started to tremble

Still wanted to continue his plan and went to sleep instead

o Next Morning: Placido listened to his mother regarding her plans with the Procurator of the Augustinians

o Did not oppose his mother and asked her to leave for the province the same day

o If she does not, the Procurator will not do it before she sends a gift and several masses

Chapter 20: The Ponente

Padre Irene: Academy of Spanish was on its way to solutionDon Custodio: most energetic of all the ponentes or arbitrators of the world

o Worked hard to please everyoneo Don Custodio de Salazar y Sanchez de

Monteredondoo Buena Tinta or Good Authority

Came from his friendship with Ben Zayb

o Married a beautiful mestiza who belonged to a wealthy family

o Had natural telent, daring and much tact

o Knew how to make use of the society in which he found himself

o With his wife’s money: dedicated himself to business, contracts with the government and Ayuntamiento

became councilor and mayor; director of the Sociedad Economica de Amigos del Pais, counselor to the Administration, president of the Administrative board of the

Obras Pias, director of the board of Misericordia, etc.)

o Speech: Kerosene lighting instead of coconut oil

Innovation = death of coconut oil industry

o Once went back to Spain for treatment, and the newspapers spoke of him as an Antaenus who needed to set foot in the Mother Country to recover new strengths

o In the Corte or Spanish Court, he was insignificant – could not relate to great fortunes, lack of education, backward

Looked down on the submissive servants of Manila, but he was in that position in Spain

o He did not stand out in Spain, unlike in Manila

o He lacked the interest to participate in matters in the Spanish Court

o Devoted much time and effort to the Philippines: series of reforms and projects

When these were criticized, he consoled himself with the thought that a worthy man had enemies and accepted the criticisms given by others

o Was a liberalo When he asked about what he

thought of the indios They were fit for

mechanical work and imitative arts

Kundiman, Kumintang and Balitaw: Arabian music for him just like the alphabet of the ancient Filipino; “Arabic and of the most pure Arabic”

“Nothing can be original with the indios”

Sometimes he would say: “I love them passionately”

Claims to be their father and defender

To keep the Filipinos docile: convince them that he is incompetent- repeat day after day

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o Religion: prided himself in being Catholic

Ate meat on Lent except Good Friday; Never went to confession; Did not believe in miracles, the Pope; Heard the shortest mass or at 10:00

He would rage when indios dared doubt the miracles and the Pope

Claimed that the salutary influence of the friars is superior to the English whip

Since “we can speak out loud”, unlike the English and Dutch to maintain submission use lashes

Friars: flattered with the comparison and their prestige

o Sent gifts to Don Custodio

o Ben Zayb: compared it with Epaminondas

o Had a lot of folders with PROJECTS on it

PROJECTS executed: School of Arts and Trades

Kabanata 21: Tipos Manilenses = “Mga Tipong Taga-Maynila”

- May Pagtatanghal sa Teatro de Variedades ang kompanyang Pranses ni G Jouy. Magtatanghal sila ng Les Cloches de Corneville. - Ilang araw nang pinaguusapan ang troupe na ito sa mga peryodiko dahil sa ganda at hubog ng mga babae rito, excited na ang lahat para dito- 7:30 pa lang ubos na yung tickets. May scalpers na nagbebenta ng mahal. Mahaba ang pila sa main entrance- Tinututulan ito ng simbahan sa mga isyu ng moralidad, relihiyon etc. Dahil tinutulan ng simbahan, lalong naintriga ang mga tao at nanood.- Na sa labas si Camaroncocido(shrimp, I think). Siya ay matangkad, payat, sira-sira ang damit, marumi, mukhang Europeo(Espanyol). Siya ay may kulay na mamula-mula kung kaya’t tinawag siyang Camaroncocido. Mula siya sa tanyag na angkan pero naging pulubi.

- Kausap naman niya si Tio Quico. Isang taong kasalungat niya. Siya’y matanda, maliit, malaki ang suot na damit para sa kanya, kayumanggi at may bigote. Siya’y tagapagpatalastas o tagadikit ng mga pulang kartel (posters) ng dula-Maraming taong dumalo pero nagtatago ang iba sa dilim sa halip na sa harap ng teatro umupo, nahihiya sa kanilang hitsura- Nakita ni Camaroncocido si Simoun na na sa isang sasakyan, kausap ang mga militar at binanggit na “isang putok ang hudyat”. Medyo nabahala siya pero actually wala naman talaga siyang pakialam- Na sa grupo ng mga tao si Tadeo kasama ang kababayang baguhan sa Maynila. Dahil mangmang pa, nakuha ni Tadeo na paniwalain ito sa maraming mga kasinungalingan. Nagpanggap siyang kilala ang lahat ng mga maimpluwensiyang taong dumarating. Kung anu-anong mga kuwentong hindi totoo ang pinagsasasabi nya.- Dumating si Macaraig, Pecson, Sandoval at Isagani. May sobra silang ticket dahil hindi makararating si Basilio. Binigay ito kay Tadeo. Naiwan sa labas ang baguhan.

Kabanata 22: Ang Pagtatanghal

- Magulo sa loob ng teatro dahil sa karamihan ng tao. Matagal bago magsimula ang palabas kaya labis na nainip ang mga tao. Nalibang ang mga tao nang magskandalo and pilosopong si Don Primitivo.- Hindi makapagsimula dahil hinihintay pa ang Kapitan Heneral. Nang siya’y dumating, pinagtinginan siya ng mga tao at sa wakas ay makakapagsimula na ang palabas.- Nagbangayan pa ang magkatunggaling si Don Custodio at Don Manuel dahil sa panonood ng una.- Mapapansing malungkot si Isagani. Nakita niya kasing nanonood si Paulita Gomez kasama ang karibal na si Juanito Pelaez sa kabila ng kanilang kasunduan na si Isagani muna ang manunood, sa kung sakaling mahalay pala ang palabas.- Sabik na sabik ang mga estudyanteng sumayaw ang mga babae ng canan, na hindi naman nangyari - Nang lumabas ang bidang si Serpolette, malakas siyang pinalakpakan ni Padre Irene (dati pala niyang kaibigan itong si Serpolette(tinawag niyang Lily)- May babaeng late dumating. Uso na noon ang “fashionably late”- Nagpapasikat si Juanito kay Paulita gamit ng kanyang mga kaalaman sa wikang Pranses. Dahil dito, napaisip si Donya Victorina na gusto niyang

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pakasalan si Juanito pagkamatay ng kanyang asawa.- Intermission na. Nagtalo ang mga kritiko tungkol sa palabas. Kabilang na dito Ben Zayb na kritiko ng El Grito de la Integridad- Napansin na may isang bakanteng upuan. Ito ang upuan ni Simoun.- Sinabi ni Sandoval na walang sinabi ang wikang Pranses kung ikukumpara sa yaman ng Espanyol- Napagusapan din ang tungkol sa paaralang gustong itayo ng mga estudyante. Sinabing matutuloy lamang ito kung pangangasiwaan ng mga Dominiko - Gusto pa itong ipagdiwang ni Padre Irene. Naisip ng mga estudyante na “ipagdiwang” nalang ito sa pansiterya ng Tsino

Chapter 23: A CorpseSince seven in the evening, Simoun left his house and returned twice with different people.8:00 Macaraig meets Simoun near the street of the hospital near Sta Clara9:00 Camaroncido saw him near the theater talking to one like a student then disappearing. “What is that to me? What do I get out of warning the populace?”

Basilio did not attend too. After his return, he was either studying or nursing Captain Tiago. The Captain had become intolerable. He would maltreat Basilio if he did not give the man opium. Once the boy yields, the captain’s character changes, turning into a paternal figure. The young man felt the constant temptation of letting the man to his own, but thinking of Juli reminded him of doing the right thing. Even with Basilio’s attempt at the right medication, the captain got worse. Also, the Captain kept getting opium, with Basilio wondering where it came from. The only ones always there was Simoun who came rarely and Padre Irene, who always told him to do his duty and promised him an appointment, a good province and being name a professor.

That night, Les Cloches de ____ presented, Basilio kept studying amidst the smell of opium which was determined to make him fall asleep. He was studying Medicina Legal y Toxicologia of Dr. Mata. The book was prohibited so the bookseller had to bribe officials and so, charged a large amount for it. So absorbed by his studies was he, that he wasn’t able to read the pamphlets about the Philippines. It would be futile however since Filipinos do not have a way to reply.

And here comes Simoun, unannounced and uninvited,

S: How is the patient?

Basilio answers in a way that sounds as if death is knocking on the captain’s door and the conversation continues…

B: The organism is saturated with poison, he may die any day as if struck by lightning. The least cause…an inconsequential thing, an excitement can kill himS: Like the PhilippinesB: What weakens him most are his nightmares, his fearsS: Like the governmentB: Some nights ago, he awoke in the darkness and thought he had gone blind; he created a disturbance, bewailing his condition and insulting me, saying I had plucked out his eyes. When I entered with a lamp, he mistook me for P. Irene and called me his savior.S: Like the Government precisely!B: Last night, he got up and asked for a fighting cock, dead since 3 years ago so instead, I presented him a head and he showered blessings on me and promised me many thousands.

10:30pmSimoun asks why he hasn’t opened the pamphlets and reminds the boy of the uselessness of protesting. “The revolution is about to start and Basilio, I propose your death or your future. S: With the Government or with us! With the Oppressors or my country!And Basilio sees himself as one who was caring the victims of war amidst the blood and gunfire. Simoun goes about how he has the Government in his hands, wasted its money on fruitless expeditions, chasing after treasure. The leaders are now distracted by the theater, not knowing that Simoun, he has the military, some of the men thinking this is the work of the General, others the friars. Others were paid and others joined to seek vengeance.

B: What would I have to do?And Simoun speaks of getting Maria Clara from Santa ClaraB: But she has passed away this afternoon at 6pm. The death knell had wrung. She was sick some days ago. Look at the letter of Salvi brought by Irene. The captain cried all night saying sorry and kissing her photo until he ended up smoking a lot of opium.

Simoun goes mad at the news, runs off and mourns. And Basilio thinks of the fate of the lovers, a tragic one.

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In thoughts, Maria Clara is set off, hoped to be happy traveling the next world.

Chapter 24: DreamsThe next day, Thursday…It is directly after the events of the last chapter and a few hours before sunset…Our hero Isagani was on his way along the Paseo de Maria Cristina headed for the Malecon to meet up with Paulita. He feared a breakup because of the events the night before and the questions he was going to ask of her. Anticipating this, he brought with him the two notes that he ever received from his girlfriend…one he preserved with more love than he would if these were autographs of Sppho or the muse Polyphemia. He feared what was going to happen and his heart felt bitter. Everything became dark to him, from the people on the road, the young on the beach and even the port of Manila. He overhears talks, and near the Anda Monument, he hears of Ben Zayb talking about Simoun who felt so ill that he wouldn’t receive even the aides of the General.Isagani feels anger. Not only towards Pelaez, but also of Simoun, loved because of his gold. He feels for the soldiers, the insulares too who died defending their homes. He feels more the need to die for his country…The night wears on and he fears not seeing his beloved while thoughts of love for country envelop him…A distant sound is heard by the young Isagani, and he sees from a distance, a carriage drawn by white horses, ridden by the Dona Victorina, the girl from the night before…and his beloved Paulita. The Dona approaches him and asks of her husband, which Isagani continues to hide the secret…that the Don Tiburcio was with his uncle Padre Florentino…The Dona rages…and asks of him to deliver a message…a threat to the Don with searches by the guardia civil…since she cannot wait ten years before being able to marry once again…marry the man she desires, Juanito Pelaez. And then, she consults him…Isagani, seeing the chance to shift attention to Pelaez, talks of his rival admiringly, that he might get him away from Paulita. The Dona is pleased and is accidentally or purposedly asked by the other lady to help her find her fan. Paulita and Juanito are left alone.

Paulita: I am surprised to find you here IsaganiIsagani: I would rather come here than to Luneta, for it is you who has asked to meet

with me.Paulita: And yet, why did you notice only the cochers last night…

Isagani is shocked, the tables have turned on him, while Paulita continues and scoffs at Pelaez. The two laugh imagining the man with the Dona…and the conversation deepens after our hero tells his girlfriend of the Don’s location (she makes a mental note to tell her bff this). The topic changes, to that of Isagani’s town, which he speaks of with pride and love. Paulita, one used to hearing jokes about her country and joking herself, is surprised by the young man’s nationalism…and yet, envious. Isagani assures her of his love for her being more, but continues to talk of the beauty of his country. He speaks of the future, one where the Philippines is one of glory and success.

Paulita: But when? When I am old?

But Juanito prides at the future that can be accomplished in a few years. The beauty that can be, when Spain and the Philippines work hand in hand…creating a utopia.

Paulita: But what if u accomplished nothing? Tita says that this country will forever be enslaved. Juanito: If I accomplish nothing, I will be happy knowing that my hero’s death will be prided by you. You will say with love and pride that I have died for my Motherland.

Dona: Let us go child! You might catch a cold.

On the carriage, the two sit together, and Isagani admires the love of his life, bathed by the beauty of the moon, and the ideals that he had of his country... They pass the Paseo de la Sabana, the Puente de Espana…and reach the Plaza Santa Cruz…

CHAPTER 24 – Dreams Thursday afternoon (a few hours before

sunset)o Isagani going to Malecon to talk to

Paulita about what happened the night before

o He brought with him the only two notes he had from Paulita

o Isagani nostalgic (love, lovely days, moonlit nights, etc)

o Cursed the creation of theaters, swore to take vengeance on Pelaez

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o Everything that surrounded him appeared to be under the saddest and blackest colors

o He overhears people talking about Simoun being sick near the Anda monument

“For him all the attention, because he is rich… the soldiers return from expeditions, sick and wounded, and no one visits them! – Isagani

Expeditions: plight of the hapless soldiers and the resistance put up b the insulares against the foreign yoke (soldiers’ death sublime because they fulfilled their duties, insulares’ death glorious because they were defending their homes)

Insulares – had no crime except their weakness

Thought of the conflict with the Germans

o That night, banquet at the panciteria to celebrate the death of the Spanish Academy

o Paulita was not there yeto Then a carriage comes with white

horses: Paulita, Dona Victorina, Paulita’s friend from the night before

When he saw Paulita, all the sadness vanished

Dona Victorina asked about Don Tiburcio, Isagani answers he does not know but will inquire (Don Tiburcio was actually at Padre Florentino’s)

Dona Victorina asks about Juanito Pelaez, he spoke well of his rival because of delicadeza. Dona Victorina talks about the merits of Pelaez

Paulita’s friend comes and says her fan fell into the rocks, so Isagani should go get it. Thus Dona Victorina is left with Paulita’s friend

and Isagani is left with Paulita

Paulita had her own strategy: thanks Isagani, took on the pose of the offended, and gently made him understand that she was surprised to find him there

The roles were reversed. Isagani who came to demand explanations had to give them, and was very happy when Paulita forgave her

Paulita: “My aunt is the one who is in love” (with Junito Pelaez)

Isagani told Paulita about Don Tiburcio

Isagani talked about his town (country as beautiful, paradise) Paulita gets jealous of Isagani’s passion

Isagani says he loved his town so much, but after he met Paulita, she become his number 1 (haha sorry)

Paulita heard that one had to cross mountains with leeches in order to go there, and she shuddered because she was comfort-loving and spoiled

Isagani says that the future will hold great technology and intelligence “Tomorrow we will be citizens of the Philippines, whose destiny will be beautiful because it will be in loving hands”

They both dream about the future:

Towns arising beside railroads, factories, trains, engines, port, commerce (technology)

Spanish and Filipino will rival each other to repel foreign invasion, defend homes, enjoy peace and freedom

Paulita: “Dreams, dreams… Tia Torina says that this country will always be enslaved”

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Isagani: Dona Victorina is a fool, she cannot live without slaves There will be struggle, but we shall overcome

Paulita: “And if you accomplish nothing?”

Isagani: “If I accomplish nothing, I would dream of another look of yours, and I would die happy because a flash of pride could shine in your eyes and you would one day say to the world pointing at my corpse: my love died fighting for the rights of my Motherland!”

Dona Victorina told Paulita that they had to go home

Isagani was invited into the carriage, and he did not refuse

They arrived at Plaza Santa Cruz

CHAPTER 25 – LAUGHETER AND TEARS

SETTING: - Panciteria Macanista de Buen Gusto

SUMMARY - 14 young men gathered to celebrate the

banquet that Padre Irene had proposed in view of the decision given on the matter of the teaching of Spanish

- Sign was put up that said “GLORY TO CUSTODIO FOR HIS CLEVERNESS, AND PANSIT ON EARTH TO YOUTHS OF GOOD WILL!”

- Strained merriment: “Hopes were defrauded by big words and small actions”

- Sandoval scrutinized everything- The rest of the men were discussing the

actresses of the French operetta and the mysterious ailment of Simoun

o Found wounded in the streetso Attended suicideo Tadeo Simoun had be assaulted

by an unknown in the old plaza of Vivac, motive was revenge

- Notice in the sala: o “The manager of this eatery Warns

the public That absolutely nothing may be left On any table of chair”

- Isagani arrives, radiant with joy, followed by 2 descamisados (shirtless Chinese)

wich huge tray platters which diffused an appetizing odor.

- Juanito Pelaez was missing- Tadeo they shouldve invited Basilio

instead of Juanito, made him drunk and extracted secrets from him (the boy that disappeared, the nun = Crispin and Maria Clara)

- PANSIT LANGLANGo Made of mushrooms, lobsters or

shrimps, egg noodles, sotanjun, chicken bits, etc…

o Sandovalname is too difficult to remember; names it proyecto de sopa (project soup) in honor of Don Custodio

o Symbolism: - CHINESE LUMPIA

o Spring rolls made of porko Dedicate dish to Padre Ireneo Symbolism:

- TORTAo Crab omeleto Dedicate dish to friarso Sandoval for being such crabso Torta of Friarso Symbolism:

- PANSIT GUISADOo Sautéed noodleso Dedicate dish to government and

the countryo Is not known in China and Japan,

thus it is Filipino, yet those who benefit from it are the Chinese - > this happens to the government too (Philippine government yet others benefit)

o Dedicate to Chinaman Quiroga (one of the four powers of the Filipino world)

o Dedicate to his Black Eminence- Curious groups standing in front of the

windows attention directed to the banquet

- Tadeo’s speech (unprepared thus remembered a speech in class, decided to plagiarize and adulterate it)

- Lumpia came, and it wasn’t very good- Torta still not made- “If a full belly glorifies God, a hungry

belly glorifies the friars”, Don Custodio from the newspaper written by Ben Zayb

- Friarlandia: Philippine Archipelago. They make fun of friars

o His existence is essential to our happiness since they will be encountedered everywhere, hungry for kisses

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o The Friar is the father, the indio is the word

- They realize they are being watched by Padre Sybila’s favorite. He tried to escape and went in Simoun’s carriage

Chapter 26 – Pasquinades

Basilio’s plans for the day: visit his parents, fo to the university to inquire about his degree, see Macaraig about expenses

Students were leaving the city so early in the morning with worried looks

Basilio reached San Juan de Dios hospital, and his friends asked him about a conspiracy. He remembered Simoun’s plotting

The conspiracy has been discovered and many implicated according to rumors

Basilio leaves, and a professor who is his friend approaches him and asks if he was at dinner last night

o Basilio mistook the question for “the night before”, which he had with Simoun. He tried to explain, but was cut off by the professor saying he did well not to go

o The professor asks if he is a member of the Association of Students, and Basilio says he pays his dues. The professor advices him to resign from the association

o Simoun had nothing to do with the matter, as he was wounded by mysterious hands in his bed

o Basilio asks about the tulisanes, but the professor says it was just students

o Subversive posters were found in the university, attributed to the organized students

The professor of Pathology (a tattle-tale and a spy for the Vice-Rector) approaches and says: “I know that Capitan Tiago already smells like a cadaver, the crows and vultures hover over him”

Basilio tried to find out more about the situation

o On the doors of the university, posters were found which the Vice-Rector ordered removed to send to the Civil Government

Basilio went straight to the universityo On the sidewalks were veteran

guards

o He saw Sandoval but Sandoval ignored him

o Saw Tadeo: is celebrating because there won’t be in school for a week. Also that everyone in the association will be sent to jail, but he’s still happy for there will be no classes

o Juanito Pelaez: saying he was not involved at all, asks Basilio to be his witness

Basilio went to see if the secretariat is open but it was closed

Say Isagani: Talking to fellow students about the preposterous incident. He says that where the danger is, there they should be, for that is where the honor is

Basilio went to Macaraig’s houseo He was made to wait till the

corporal comes down o As Macaraig and the Corporal

were coming, they arrest Basilio because his name was on the list the corporal had

o Macaraig and Basilio go into the carriage

o Went to the Civil government

27: The Friar and the Filipino Isagani is scolding his friends A capista tells him that Padre Fernandez

is looking for him Isagani goes to Padre Fernandez Padre Fernandez tells Isagani that he

overheard Isagani’s conversation with his friends

Padre Fernandez talks with Isagani about subversion and free speech

The priest is surprised by Isagani’s boldness and sets a line between them by defining himself as a friar and Isagani as a Filipino student

Isagani tells the priest that he expects the priests to do their duties

o As local inspectors of educationo Improve the “tender seed” morally

and physicallyo Guide for welfareo Instill honesty, prosperity,

intelligence, virtuosity, nobility, and loyalty

Isagani accuses the Order, in general, of not doing its duty

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“Education is not given except to those who deserve it…” – Padre Fernandez

Isagani “triumphed” over the priest in their intellectual debate and the priest felt as though, for the first time, he “felt vanquished by a Filipino student”

“like yourselves, we follow the beat. We find ourselves between the sword and the wall. Either you throw us out or the government does.” – Padre Fernandez

“imperfections” of the system should be blamed on the imperfect organization of society

“students would cease their attitude… if the professors knew how to treat them better…” – Isagani

The “interview” ended with a mutual understanding that something had been gained and the priest would talk with other friars about the conversation

Isagani leaves the priest and finds himself suddenly arrested by guards

28: Panic Ben Zayb newspaper writer who said

that education in Philippines was insidious

Horatius rival who ridiculed Ben Zayb in Pirotecnia

Subversive posters were seen in the University’s doors, thus causing panic among the people

The Chinese Quiroga feared for his bazaar and sought to be armed and protected

Rumors of plans between students and fugitives of San Mateo spread

o Pledge to surprise city talked about inside a panciteria

o German boats to support movement

o Some young men disguised to help General in Malacanang were arrested because they were armed

Lessons to subversives talked about by friars (Salvi and Irene) and Tiago:

o A number shoto 2 dozen exiledo “end justifies the means”

Capitan Tiago dies frothing at the mouth

By nightfall, panic reached its maximumo Children were thrown cuartos

inside church and caused some noise

o Passing guard thought it was subversive and started hacking people’s heads off

o Thinking it was the start of the revolution, some saw and ran away

o Stores closedo Ermita guard was shot down

mistakenlyo Dulumbayan poor deaf old man

and pig shot down Some did not believe in the subversive

posters’ authenticity and blamed it on the Chinaman Quiroga as one of his tricks

There were about 30 prisoners Simoun, a supposed leader of the

revolution, was said to be sick but many doubted whether he was really sick or just got cold feet

Other revolutionists decided to continue revolution before they are “slaughtered”

Chapter 29 – Last Words of Capitan Tiago

De Profundis – “rigidities observed when the impenitent is also insolvent”

Capitan Tiago’will: Prade Irene- administrator and

testamentary executor His estate- divided among Sta. Clara,

the Pope, the Archbishop, the Religious Orders

P20- for tuition of needy students (suggested by P. Irene, the “protector of studious youths”)

Annulled P25 which was supposed to be for Basilio (bec. of the young man’s ungrateful conduct in the last days) but P. Irene revived it and announced that he would take it from his own pocket and conscience

Rumors: C. Tiago’s attire: swallow-tailed coat;

his cheek lumped with the sapa of buyo; had the pipe for smoking opium or the fighting cock;

Sacristan mayor: visualized that he in death would turn up with his cup of tahu blanco (curdled soybean milk)

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C. Tiago’s attire: Capitan Tinong proposed the habit of

a Franciscan because 1.)he had one and 2.). accdg. to the friar who gave to him in exchange for P36, would save the corpse from the flames of hell

The tailor said that the nuns saw C.T. ascend to heaven in a full dress suit and so he should be dressed in a frock coat. It would only cost P32

Padre Irene (administrator and testamentary executor) rejected the proposals. He ordered the corpse to be attired in any of his old suits

3 friars officiated Much Incense was burned, Much Latin was

sung, Much holy water expended, Padre Irene sung Dies Irae

Dona Patrocinio C.T.’s ancient rival in religiosity Wanted to die the next day so as to

order even more pompous funeral rites

Chapter 30 – Juli Basilio’s imprisonment was more talked

about than C.T.’s death Tiani- town where Juli was January- fatal month; month when the priests

in Cavite were hanged (during the Cavite uprising of 1872)

The people attributed Basilio’s imprisonment to the vengeance of the friars, for having rescued Juli (daughter of a tulisan) from servitude

Sister Penchang- bad; hated Juli; resented Juli’s liberty

Sister Bali- good; wanted to help Juli; was the one to told her the news about Basilio

Basilio do not have a protector bec. C.T. is dead that’s why he is still in prison

In the Phils. Patrons are needed in everything to obtain justice, secure a passport, or exploit whatever in the industry

Juli felt guilty so she asked help from:1. municipal clerk- to the simple folk, he was

what the oracle of the Delphi was to the ancient Greeks

Juli offered him 4 reales and pieces of dried deer meat her grandmother hunted

But he cannot help her

2. Justice of Peace- very brusque man, but seeing Juli, he would be less rude

Said that the only person who could save basilio is P. Camora

3. Padre Camora- the cura Only one who can free Basilio Had a reputation, Was called the

cabayo

Juli did not want to go to the convento to see P. Camora

She had a dream that night:1. Her father is fighting in the forest; is

being hunted like an animal2. Her father’s figure transforms into

Basilio, dying and looking at her reproachfully

She decided to go to P. Camora with Sister Bali

At night people talked about a young woman who jumped from a window of the convent (juli)

Later an old man came from a barrio and went the ff. places:1. convento- closed and guarded by

sacritanes2. house of the gobernadorcillo- but the

gobernadorcillo was at the convent3. Juez de paz- was not there either; he had

been called to the convent4. teniente mayor- was also in the convent 5. the barracks but the teniente of the

Guardia Civil was in the convent 8pm- more that 7 friars from neighboring

towns gathered in the convento and held a juanta

Tandang Selo disappeared the next day with his hunting spear

Chapter 31: Ang Mataas na Empleado

Hindi man lang nabalita sa mga diario ang naganap sa bayan ng Tiyani. Ang tanging nabalita lamang ng mga tao ay ang paglisan ni Padre Camorra patungo sa ibang lugar at sa kumbento ng Maynila.

Sa pakikiusap ng kanilang mga kamag-anak sa pamamagitan ng mga regalo, gastos, at kung ano pang suhol, napalaya rin ang mga mag-aaral. Unang napalaya sa mga ito si Makaraig, tulad ng inaasahan. Pinakahuli namang nakalaya si Isagani dahil hindi agad nakaluwas si Padre Florentino sa Maynila. Naibalita sa tulong ni Ben Zayb ang pagiging mahabagin ng Heneral. Dahil hindi kaya ang pantubos, si Basilio lamang ang hindi nakalaya. Binintangan din siyang nag-aari ng mga bawal na aklat. Pilit siyang ipinagtanggol ng mataas na empleado, subalit pilit ding idiniin ng Heneral ang katwiran niyang kinakailangang isakripisyo ang kabutihan ng isa para sa kabutihan ng lahat. Sa pagbanggit ng mataas na

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kawani na dapat matakot ang Heneral sa bayan, natawa lamang ang Heneral. Sinabi niyang ang bayang Espanya ang naghirang sa kanya, at hindi ang bayang Pilipinas.

Tuluyang nakipagtalo ang mataas na empleado sa mga sinabi ng Heneral. Nilinaw niyang hindi siya pinupwersa ng Heneral, at ipinahayag na ayaw niyang makisali sa di-makataong pananamantala ng Heneral sa mga Filipino. Ayon sa kanya, hindi kailangang maging malupit ang Espanya upang maging dakila. Hinamon niya ang mga pinaniniwalaan at pinaggagawa ng Heneral at sinabing pumapanig siya sa mga inaaping Filipino.

Nilisan ng mataas na empleado ang palasyo. Sa pagdating niya sa kanyang karwahe, sinabihan niya ang alilang Indio na, pagdating ng araw na makamit nila ang independensiya, alalahanin nilang may mga pusong tumibok at lumaban para sa kanilang mga karapatan. Matapos ang dalawang oras, binitiwan ng mataas na empleado ang kanyang posisyon at ipinahayag ang kaniyang pagbabalik sa Espanya.

Chapter 32: Mga Bunga ng Paskin

Dahil sa mga nangyari sa mga mag-aaral, maraming mga ina ang nagpatigil sa pag-aaral ng kanilang mga anak. Sa halip, sila’y pinagbakasyon o pinagsaka.

Marami ang bumagsak sa pagsapit ng mga eksamen, kabilang na sina Pecson, Tadeo at Juanito Pelaez. Sa tuwa ni Tadeo ay sinunog niya ang kaniyang mga aklat. Samantala, si Juanito Pelaez naman ay nalungkot sapagkat napatali siya sa negosyo ng kanyang ama. Naging masmaingat si Makaraig at tahimik na naglakbay tungong Europa. Dahil daw sa pagnanais na gumawa ng mabuti alang-alang sa kabutihan ng mga Filipino ay naging mahigpit ang Heneral sa pag-alis ng sinuman tungong ibang bansa. Si Isagani naman ay nakapasa lamang sa sa asignatura ni Padre Fernandez. Si Salvador ay nakapasa dahil sa kagalingan niyang magtalumpati. Si Basilio lamang ang namalagi sa bilangguan, kung saan sumailalim siya sa interograsyon tuwing tatlong araw. Sa Bilibid din niya nabalitaan ang mga naganap sa Tiyani, kabilang na ang pagkamatay ni Huli at paglaho ni Tandang Selo, na ibinalita sa kanya ng kutserong si Sinong.

Ayon kay Ben Zayb, mabuti na si Simoun at hindi na raw mag-uusig sa mga tumampalasan sa kanya. Sa halip ay maaaring magbibigay na lamang ang mayamang alahero ng isang malaking pagdiriwang bago umalis sa bayan. Nagkabali-balitang magkasabay na aalis si Simoun at ang Kapitan Heneral, matapos ang panunungkulan ng Heneral sa Mayo. Pinayuhan ito ni Simoun na magsimula ng kampanyang pandigma upang magamit ng dahil para manatili sa Pilipinas. Subalit, hindi raw napahinuhod sa udyok ni Simoun ang Heneral. Naipayo naman ni Ben Zayb na bilhin ni Simoun ang bahay ni Kapitan Tiago, na nabili ni Don Timoteo Pelaez. Mula noon ay madalas na nakita si Simoun sa tindahan ng mga Pelaez.

Matapos ang ilang linggo, sa Abril, nabalitang ikakasal na ang anak ni Don Timoteo na si Juanito Pelaez kay Paulita Gomez. Naging matimbang na kay Paulita si Juanito. Si Juanito, na mautak, bihasa, pilyo, masaya, at anak ng mayamang Espanyol, ay humigit kay Isagani— isang Indiong malabo ang pinagmulan at probinsyanong nangangarap sa kagubatan niyang tigib sa linta.

Nagdaan ang kuwaresma, at nagkaroon ng kaguluhang hindi ipinaalam ang pinagmulan. Sa tulong ng isang pangkat ng kabalyeriya ay nagiba ang mga bahay na yari sa mahihinang materyales. Nagkaroon ng maraming paghihimutok, at kabilang sa mga nakiusyoso ay si Simoun, na tila hindi naman nabagabag. Sa pagtatapos ng Abril, tila nalimutan na ang mga naganap. Sa halip ay pinagkaabalahan ang pagdiriwang na ibibigay ni Don Timoteo Pelaez sa kasal ng kaniyang anak, kung saan ginawang ninong ang Heneral. Umasa ang lahat na maanyayahan, kung kaya’t nagunahan ang maraming makipagkaibigan kay Simoun, o di kaya’y bumili ng mga bakal at siim para mapalapit kay Don Timoteo Pelaez.

Chapter 33: The Final Argument

Simoun had not left his house all day, busy

preparing his things planned to leave with the Capitan

General ordered that if Basilio arrived, to

let him in immediately

Basilio arrives, looking like “he had died

and his corpse had resurrected” Simoun pitied him

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“…God has punished me! Now there remains in me only the will to return evil for evil, crime for crime, violence for violence!”

says that he is ready to take part in the revolution that Simoun had told him about 4 months ago

owes his freedom to Simoun

Simoun’s face lights up and he thanks Basilio

“Now everything is dead within me and now there is no sacred corpse I must respect.”

o no conscienceo “sacred corpse” Maria

Clara? “We together could have combined

and executed marvelous plans: I above in the high spheres sowing death amid perfumes and gold, brutalizing the corrupt and corrupting or paralyzing the few good; and you, below in the towns, among the youth, evoking life between blood and tears!”

Simoun shows Basilio a grand dark green box with red satin lining containing an odd shaped lamp, then shows him a flask labeled Nitrolglycerine (dynamite)

“It is somewhat more than nitroglycerine! It is concentrated tears, repressed hatred, injustices and wrongs. It is the final argument of the weak, force against force, violence against violence… A moment ago I hesitated, but you have come and convinced me.”

“This night the Philippines will hear the explosion which will turn into debris the shapeless monument whose corruption I have hastened.”

Basilio was stunned, terrified and his “cold-bloodedness” was lost

Simoun screwed in thelight bulb and crowned the apparatus with an elegant lampshade

"…there will be a fiesta and this lamp will be placed in the midst of a little dining kiosk…the lamp will give out a brilliant light…at the end of 20 minutes the light will grow dim, and when they attempt to raise the wick, a capsule of fulminate mercury will detonate,

the pomegranate will explode and with it, the dining room in whose roof and whose floor I have concealed with sacks of powder, so that no one can be saved .”

The Plan1. Mechanism will explode by 92. Sound will be heard in the mountains

and will signal “the wretched, the oppressed, those who wander persecuted by force” to come out and join Cabesang Tales in Santa Mesa to invade the city

3. The military (convinced by Simoun that the General will hold and uprising so he can have reasons to stay) will fire at whomever Simoun tells them to

4. The masses will panic5. Since they are unarmed, Basilio and

the rest must direct them to the warehouses of Chinaman Quiroga, where Simoun keeps his guns

6. Cabesang Tales and Simoun will capture the city

7. Basilio will occupy and fortify the bridges, ready to come to Simoun’s aid

8. Basilio must kill the counter-revolutionists and also all men who refuse to fight

“It is necessary to renew the race. Cowardly fathers breed only slavish sons. It would not be worth the pain to destroy and then to rebuild with rotten materials!” (Simoun)

“What does it matter to me, after all, whether they applaud or censure, when that world does not take care of the oppressed, the poor and the weak women; what obligations have I to keep with society when she has not kept any with me?” (Basilio)

Simoun give Basilio a revolver and tells him to wait for him in front of the church of San Sebastian for his final instructions

“At nine o’clock, you should be found far… from Anloague Street!” (Simoun)

Plan Explosion, then revolution

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Mastermind/Leader

Simoun

Accomplices Sibil, Basilio’s men, masses, tulisan headed by Cabesang Tales

Where Capitan Tiyago’s house (Anloague St.)

Why “Justice,” revenge

How Violence

Chapter 34: The Wedding

7PM: Basilio is looking for a way to occupy his time

Basilio was going to ask for shelter from Isagani after leaving prison, but found out he had disappeared and that he didn’t go home for vacation

Basilio realizes the “fiesta” is the wedding of Juanito Pelaez and Paulita Gomez

“Poor Isagani!” He thinks of telling Isagani about

the plan but has second thoughts; Isagani had not suffered as much as he had and would therefore not want to take part in the plan

Basilio thinks of “what could have been” and then thought of Juli

“dark flames and hatred lighted his eyes”

He sees Simoun board a carriage with the lamp case and recognizes the cochero as Sinong, “the unfortunate who had taken him to San Diego…battered by the Guardia Civil…who informed him in jail of what happened in Tiani.”

Don Timoteo Pelaez happy about marrying his son to

the rich heiress of the Gomezes was able to furnish (extensively,

excessively) Capitan Tiago’s house thanks to the money Simoun had lent him, purchased at half its value

“True, he did not assist at the wedding; Don Custodio represented him, but he would come to dine and would bring a wedding gift, a lamp which not even that of Aladdin…just between

us, Simoun was giving the lamp. Timoteo, what more can you desire?”

CHAPTER 35 – THE FIESTA

SETTING: - 7pm onwards, Don Timoteo Pelaez’s

house- Feast for Paulita Gomez and Juanito

Pelaez’s wedding

SUMMARY - Arrival of invited visitors- Don Timoteohost of the party, “bowing

here, there, sending out a little smile, making a movement from the waist, a step backward, a half turn, a complete turn, and so forth” was labeled a “puppet”

- Paulita Gomez and Juanito Pelaez’s arrival with Dona Victorina and entire retinue “Cupid and Psyche presenting themselves in Olympus” (Ben Zayb)

- Don Timoteo being apprehensive about The Capitan General’s arrival

- The Capitan-General Jupiter; accompanied by a woman Juno

- The Capitan-General sad: after 3 years as general, he is to step down from his sovereignty (retire); tried to look forward to the future.

- Basilio outside the house, behind bushes, watches people arrive; his emotions swings from anger to compassion back and forth; attempted to go in and “save the innocent” but was stopped by a porter for he was poorly dressed; ran away from the house after watching Simoun take his leave to Escolta

- Basilio bumps into Isagani- Basilio tries to persuade Isagani to run

the other way while Isagani dwells in the pain of having lost Paulita Gomez

- Basilio explains to Isagani that the house is planted with dynamite and is going to blow up anytime

- Isagani runs toward the house to save his beloved…..

- In the meantime, inside the house, in the dining room, a parchment was passed from hand to hand: (in red ink)

o Mene Thecel Phares, Juan Crisostomo Ibarra

o (“Thou art weighed in the balance and found wanting”)

- The visitors discuss the Ibarra

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o Capitan-General asks who he iso Don Custodio: “joke in very bad

taste”o Padre Salvi (face white, eyes

bulging): “It is the handwriting of Ibarra”

- Letter created terroro Don Custodio: “I suppose that this

… does not mean to say that we are to be murdered tonight?”

- Capitan-General notices that the lamp is going out and asks Padre Irene to turn up the wick.

- At that moment… Isagani rushes in and seizes the lamp, runs to the azotea and threw it into the river

- Dining room was left in darkness- Isagani jumps into the water before

anyone sees him

Chapter 36: The Predicaments of Ben Zayb

Ben Zayb rushed to home to write about

the events that had taken place. With much

exaggeration, he wrote full of praises to the

Capitan-General, whom he hoped would read his

article before leaving. According to Zayb, Padre

Irene did not hide under the table when the

person who got the lamp came but rather, did it

to get out of the way so that the thief may be

caught. Padre Salvi fainted because of deep

sadness that his sermons of goodness did not

reach the indios. The supposed thief was said to

have punished himself (committed suicide) after

realizing the gravity of his crime. The article was

not approved by the Capitan-General and was

returned to Ben Zayb.

Saddened that his article would not be

published, Zayb looked for other news and heard

of bandits invading a rest house of the friars in

Pasig, taking 2000 pesos and injuring a religious

person and 2 servants. Arriving at the rest

house, Zayb found a wounded Padre Camorra

who was sent there as punishment for his sins in

Tiani. Padre Camorra told Zayb that there were

3 thieves and 50 pesos was stolen. As usual, Ben

Zayb wanted to exaggerate in his version of the

story.

Some of the bandits were caught and they

told the story of how they were invited by the

group of Matanglawin (Cabesang Tales) to join

them in their raid of the convent and houses of

the rich in Santa Mesa to be lead by a Spaniard

who was tall, sunburned with white hair, and is

said to act under the orders of the Captain-

General, his good friend. Nothing was to be

feared for the bandits were promised that they

would be helped by the artillery and that they

would be pardoned of their crime along with

keeping a third of what they captured. The signal

of the attack was supposed to be a cannon-shot

that did not take place.

Many did not believe that the Spaniard

behind the attack was Simoun, but suspicions

arose when he disappeared and gunpowder and

bullet cartridges were found in his house. The

news spread quickly. Ben Zayb visisted Don

Custodio in the afternoon to find the latter

working hard to file charges against Simoun.

Notes: s

1. Rizal shows in this chapter the unreliability of news during the day.

2. Simoun’s character starts to arouse suspicion and doubt.

3. Padre Camorra was sent to the Pasig because of what he did to Huli, so that he would be away from anyone who would want to take revenge on him (particularly Cabesang Tales, Huli’s father).

4. Cabesang Tales heard what happened to Huli through Simoun. Basilio also heard of the news through Sinong. Simoun is using the incident to heighten Basilio and

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Tales’ anger to the advantage of his own plans.

Chapter 37

Setting: Orenda household in Santa Cruz, where they are gossiping about what transpired in Don Timoteo’s during the wedding of Juanito and Paulita

Characters:TinayIsaganiChichoyMomoySensiaKapitana LolengKapitan Toringoy / DomingoSenyor Pasta

Speculations: an enemy of Don Timoteo or a rival of Juanito, the friars, Quiroga the Chinese, a student, Macaraig, Simoun

The news had spread throughout town, despite the efforts of those involved to contain it. In the house of the Orendas, in the province of Santa Cruz, Chichoy tells what he had seen as he delivered to Don Timoteo’s some items and presents for the new couple. There is a lot of speculation as to who had done such an awful crime; according to G. Pasta, it was surely either an enemy of Don Timoteo, or a rival of Juanito. At this, Kapitana Loleng becomes anxious and tells Isagani to hide. Isagani, however, appears uncaring and even remains smiling.

It was Don Timoteo and Simoun who had been left to arrange the setting, and here, sacks of gunpowder were found all over the kiosk where the powerful were seated.

According to Chichoy, as he was relaying the story, there are those who think that Simoun had been the perpetrator. Momoy recalls that the jeweler left the gathering even before dinner had started. Upon Isagani's mention that Simoun is missing and that the guards are looking for him, his audience had al the more been sure that Simoun was truly the devil in disguise. Also, Momoy remembers the theft of the lamp, that which had almost gone out of light during the party. They talk of the thief and the gravity of what he had done, such that that lamp would have caused the entire street of Anloague to explode.

Chapter 38

Setting: Somewhere along the mountain passes

Characters:Matanglawin / Kabesang TalesTandang SeloTanoMautangThe Cabo (head of the Guardia Civil)Civil GuardsInnocent FarmersThe Subversives

Tano was called Carolino because he had fought in the Carolinas

Tano shot at Kabesang Tales, his father, who had fallen on the plateau, behind the rocks

The chapter opens with Matanglawin (Kabesang Tales), being described to have attacked places all over Luzon. He has been moving about so freely all over the region, at times being spotted in Batangas and Cavite, then in Pangasinan and in so far as Bicol. He has killed the justice of the peace at Tiani and had burned several places to the ground. Yet the guardia civil cannot apprehend him. In frustration, they capture instead innocent farmers and make them walk perhaps miles under the blistering heat of the summer sun, hatless and barefoot, bound to one another with elbows tied behind their backs.

Mautang, a sadistic Filipno guardia civil, seems to relish such a scene. Tano or Carolino, on the other hand, counters him, trying to make him see that the men are countrymen of theirs. A gunshot is fired from somewhere in the tall mountains that surround them, killing Mautang first. The cabo, the head of the guards, immediately orders for their captives to be shot. The guardia civil rush up the mountain, attacking the unseen ambushers. A man comes into view on top of the plateau, waving a gun and shouting what seemed to be a battle cry, but which not one of the guards could understand. Tano, being a sharpshooter, is ordered by the cabo to gun the man down. He hesitates and the cabo points his gun to him. He follows the order and the man falls, shouting something which stuns Tano.

Another man appears at the top of a mountain. He raises his spear and the soldiers shoot at him. A guardia civil reaches the same spot and sees a dying old man. He bayonets him, which he does not seem to react to. The dying man points to the top of the plateau and continues to look at Tano, who seemed to recognize him. Tano staggers, finally realizing

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that the man was his Ingkong Selo. The man dies, still pointing to the plateau.

Chapter 39

Setting: Padre Florentino’s residence

Characters:Padre FlorentinoSimoun[Don Tiburcio de Espadana]

Espanol Escondido casa Padre Florentino cojera remitira vivo muerto. – which Don Tiburcio translated as “Espanyol nakatago bahay Padre Florentino pilay ipadala buhay patay.”

We find Simoun, badly wounded and about to be captured, in the care of Padre Florentino. Padre Florentino is a Filipino priest who had earlier tried to employ the jeweler's help about his nephew Isagani. He had received a telegram from the Alferez that there will be guards later in that day coming for the Spaniard he was keeping in his household, dead or alive. Don Tiburcio de Espadana who had been stayingwith the priest had thought they were pertaining to him had fled because of this, thinking his wife was onto him. It was pertaining to Simoun, however, and despite the man's arrogant air and shortcomings in the past, Padre Florentino found himself taking care of him, lingering by his bedside and doing all that he can to assist the man. But Simoun refused all help, seemingly resigned to whatever end may come to him. It appears that Simoun had taken poison, choosing to die in that way rather than handing himself over to the enemy alive. And so it goes that Padre Florentino gets Simoun to open up about his many secrets. The priest holds up a handkerchief to his face, signalling that such a telling would be as good as a confession, thereby sealing a pact between the two that the secrets would not be revealed to anyone else.

Simoun talks about his real identity, about who he was and where he has been. Most importantly, he told his accounts off what had happened. He revealed to the priest his plans of vengeance, his previous anger towards man and God. He had narrated the story of how he came to power such as what he had.

In the end, Simoun admits his mistakes and expresses his heartaches about the state of his mother country. He questions how God is able to let such a people suffer as much, and Padre Florentino gives his input about how Filipinos will be able to come out of such

oppression. Simoun listens, but remains to question God and the Indio's future.

Peace reigns the room as Ibarra, then called Simoun, passes. Padre Florentino delivers a soliloquy about his country's youth and the future of the nation. He calls his helpers to the room, and they offer prayers for the man who died in pain. Then, he gathers Simoun's jewels, heads to Isagani's plateau, and throws them off to the sea.

Another Chapter 39

Padre Florentino expressed his sadness by playing a reed organ. He was staying somewhere near the shore. A friend of his, DonTiburcio de Espana left because of persecution of his woman. That same morning he received a note from the teniente perez that he will be arrested and because of that he should not be there around 8 o’clock. Perez wants the letter to be burned.Don Tiburcio says that Victorina is capable of having him shot.Padre Florentino points to the letter that the word for lameness (cojera) should have been (cogera). It was not him though but Simoun a wounded fugitive looking for refuge.

Isagani had written from manila that the Victorina’s want him dead or alive. Ulyssses went to hide too.

Simoun was wounded, padre Florentino wonders why. The jeweler Simoun only accepted help from Don Tiburcio.Simoun smiled when he knew that he was going to be arrested and a sadder smile came when he found out that he was going to be arrested at 8.

The place where Simoun was, was described. It was like there wasn’t a sick person inside.

Simoun took something, a poison maybe, he does not want to be captured alive. The priest tries to look for an antidote but Simoun stops him. The first words of Simouns was that of his real name. Simoun tells his story how 13 years earlier he had returned from Europe.tells the whole story of what had happened to him. They share long conversations about God and how he can forgive Simoun and Simoun tells how he was left by God without help.

Then the Guards arrives when Simoun was no longer speaking.

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Pdere Florentino takes from a cabinet a chest of iron that contains Simoun’s fortune. Then he goes to throw it at the sea.

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