ELECTIONS 2018: POLITICAL COMMUNICATIONS & DIGITAL

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ELECTIONS 2018: POLITICAL COMMUNICATIONS & DIGITAL DEMOCRACY

PARTIES ONLINE

A survey of the online footprint of

political parties in Pakistan

ADNAN REHMAT and MUHAMMAD AFTAB ALAM

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ELECTIONS 2018: POLITICAL COMMUNICATIONS & DIGITAL DEMOCRACY

PARTIES ONLINE

A survey of the online footprint of political parties in Pakistan

Adnan Rehmat and Muhammad Aftab Alam

Aboutthisstudy:ThissnapshotsurveywasjointlyconductedbyAdnanRehmat,freelancejournalist,politicalanalystandmediadevelopmentexpert,andMuhammadAftabAlam,

lawyer,rightscampaigner,andmedialawanddigitalrightsactivist,onbehalfoftheInstituteforResearch,AdvocacyandDevelopment(IRADA),anIslamabad-based

independentresearchandadvocacyorganizationfocusingonsocialdevelopmentandcivilliberties.TheresearchwasconductedinJuly2018,afortnightaheadofthegeneral

electionsinPakistanforNationalAssemblyandfourprovinciallegislaturesscheduledforJuly25,2018.IRADAanditssupportersdonotnecessarilyagreewiththecontentsofthis

report.

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Table of Contents

EXECUTIVESUMMARY.......................................................................................................4

SECTION1:PARTIESANDTHEIRWEBSITES.........................................................................7

SECTION2:PARTIESANDTHEIRKEYSOCIALMEDIAFOOTPRINT........................................7

SECTION3:PARTIESANDTHEKEYLANGUAGESOFTHEIRONLINECOMMUNICATION.......7

SECTION4:MOSTACTIVEPOLITICIANSONSOCIALMEDIA.................................................8

SECTION5:KEYPARTYINFORMATIONAVAILABLEONWEBSITE–EXTERNALCATEGORIES........................................................................................................................................10

SECTION6:KEYPARTYINFORMATIONAVAILABLEONWEBSITE–INTERNALCATEGORIES11

ANNEXURES.....................................................................................................................12SOCIALMEDIAFOLLOWERSHIPOFPAKISTANIPOLITICIANS......................................................12INDIVIDUALPARTYONLINEBASICDATA&INFORMATION........................................................13

ABOUTIRADA..................................................................................................................28

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY WhatisthebasicdigitalfootprintofpoliticalpartiesinPakistanandhowdotheycommunicateonlinewiththeirmembers,supporters,followersandothercitizens?Whatplatforms,includingsocialmedia,dotheyuseandhowsuccessfularetheyintermsoftheirreach?TheseweresomeofthequestionsthatdrovethissnapshotsurveyconductedbytheInstituteforResearch,AdvocacyandDevelopment(IRADA),anIslamabad-basedindependentresearchandadvocacyorganizationfocusingonsocialdevelopmentandcivilliberties.ThesnapshotresearchwasconductedinJuly2018,afortnightfromthegeneralelectionsforNationalAssemblyandfourprovinciallegislaturesscheduledonJuly25,2018.Theideawastomapthedigitalfootprintofthepoliticalpartiesclosetoanelectionandgeneratedataandanalysisonbasicquantitativeandqualitativeaspectsoftheirpoliticalcommunication.ThefindingsrevealthatPakistan’soldestaswellasnewestpoliticalpartieshavesevereshortcomingsintermsofpoliticalcommunicationwiththecitizensandvotersofPakistan,aswellaswiththeirownmembers.Thiscomesacrossstarklythroughthissnapshotstudyofalistof15politicalpartiesanalysingtwokeyonlineinformationmechanisms–officialpartywebsitesandtheirofficialsocialmediaaccounts,pluspersonalaccountsofthetopleadershipofthesepoliticalparties.Thefollowingaresomeofthekeyfindingsofthisresearch:

• Communications:ForentitiesthatpursuedemocraticidealsmostofthepoliticalpartiesinPakistanfailthetestofinternaltransparencyandexternalcommunicationsefficiency.Someofthepartiesdon’tevenhaveofficialwebsitesalthoughsomeoftheirleadersrunpersonalsocialmediaaccounts.Severalpartiesdonotevennametheirchief–thehighestofficeholder–ontheirwebsites.

• Constitution:Mostpartiesdonotsharetheirconstitutionontheirwebsites–soneithertheirmembershaveaccesstoinformationaboutproceduresoninternalelectionsandpartystructuresnordothepublichaveaccesstobasicinformationabouttheparties’mission,goalsandobjectivesorpartymembershipcriteria.

• Manifestos:Mostpartiesthathavewebsiteshaduploadedtheirlatestmanifestosforthe2018elections.However,mostofthepreviousmanifestoshavedisappeared,leavingcitizensinterestedincomparativeevaluationoftwoconsecutivemanifestosunabletodoso.

• Languages:AnoverwhelmingmajorityofpoliticalpartiesinPakistanhavetheir

websitesintheEnglishlanguage.Onlytwopartieshavebilingual(EnglishandUrdu)websiteswhilesomehaveonlyUrduwebsites.Thepartiesare,therefore,deprivingamajorityofinternetusersandtheirfollowersandpotentialsupportersmorereadilyaccessibleandusableinformationinUrdulanguage.Comparatively,mostofthe

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partiesusebothUrduandEnglishtocommunicatewiththeirfollowersontheirofficialsocialmediaaccountsonFacebookandTwitter.

• Provincialoutreach:Notasingleparty,includingthosefocusedonprovincial-focusednationalist,ethnicandlinguistpolitics,havecontentinprovinciallanguagessuchasSindhi,Seraiki,Balochi,PashtoandPunjabieventhoughuseoftheselanguagesontheinternetisincreasing.

• Leadershiplists:Mostpartiessharethelistsoftheircentralleadersontheirwebsitesbuthalfofthepartiesdonotsharelistsoftheleadersoftheirprovincialchapterseventhoughmostpartieshavestrongprovincial-levelpoliticalfocus.

• Decision-making:Whatistheinternaldecision-makingprocessinthepartiesandwhomakesthedecisions?Barelyhalfofthepartiessharethelistsofmembersoftheircentralexecutivecommitteeandgeneralbody.Mostpartiesdonotevensharelistsoftheircurrentlegislatorsonline.Thisisaninformationblackholethatpreventslocalpartymembersandotherfollowerscommunicatingwiththememberstoinfluenceinternalpartyagendasanddebates.

• Documentation:Mostpartiesarepoorinarchivingofficialpartypositionsanddecisionsasmostneithershareminutesordetailsoftheparty’scentralexecutivecommitteemeetingsnorminutesordetailsoftheparty’sgeneralbodymeetings.Thisisarecipefornon-accountabilityasneitherpartymembersnorotherpartysupporterscanweighaparty’sdemocraticevolutionbasedonleadership’saccountabilitytopartymembers.

• Focalpersons:Almostnopartyshareseitherthenameoftheircommunicationsfocalpersonontheirwebsitesorevenofficialpartyemailaddress.Theabsenceofthesekeydetailsamountstodiscouragingdirectengagementoftheelectoratewiththepartiesincludingbybothpartymembersorvotersandmedia.

• Auditreports:Notevenasinglepartysurveyedshareseitherthelatestorpreviousauditedreportsoftheparty’saccountsandfinancesontheirwebsites.Thislackofcrucialpublic-interestinformationistantamounttodiscouragingtransparencyandaccountabilityonfinancingoperationalaspectsoftheparties.

• Socialmedia:AlmostallpartiesinPakistanareactiveonsocialmediaandmaintainofficialFacebookpagesandofficialTwitteraccounts.Italsoappearsthatpoliticalpartiesprefertousesocialmediaastheprimarytooltocommunicatewiththeirelectorateinsteadoftheirwebsite.Keyleadersofmostpartiesrelyonsocialmediaplatformsheavilytodrivebothpartyagendasandpersonalpoliticalcommunication.

• Followership:DozensofpoliticiansinPakistan,mostlyfrommainstreampoliticalparties,aresomeofthemostactiveandpopularcitizensofthecountryonsocialmedia.Thereare14politicianswithover100,000followersontheirFacebookaccounts,includingfourwithoveronemillionfollowerseach.Thereare14

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politicianswithover100,000followersontheirTwitteraccounts,includingeightwithoveronemillionfollowerseach.

ThepartieschosenforthissurveyincludesomeoftheoldestonesthathavebeenelectedtonationalparliamentandprovinciallegislaturesinthismillenniumsuchasPakistanPeople’sParty(PPP),PakistanMuslimLeague-N(PML-N),PakistanTehrik-e-Insaf(PTI),AwamiNationalParty(ANP),JamiatUlemaIslam-F(JUI-F),Jamaat-e-Islami(JI),MuttahidaQaumiMovement(MQM),NationalPartyPakistan(NPP),PakhtunkhwaMilliAwamiParty(PKMAP),PakistanMuslimLeague-Q(PML-Q),PakistanMuslimLeague-F(PML-F)andQaumiWatanParty(QWP)aswellassomerelativelynewonesincludingPakSarzameenParty(PSP),AwamiWorkersParty(AWP)andBarabariPartyPakistan(BPP).Disclaimer:Thedata,informationandreviewinthisreportisbasedonadirectreviewofthewebsiteandsocialmediapagesofthepartiessurveyed.Itwasnotalwayspossibletocertifywhethersomeofthepartieshadactiveofficialsocialmediapresence.Also,thedata,reviewandanalysisarebasedoninformationverifiableuptoJuly10,2018.Onlineinformation,includingnumbersoffollowersandusersofsocialmediaaccountsvarybytheday.Thedata,informationandanalysisinthisstudyisnotexhaustivebutitsuniversesampleisaimedatbeingrepresentativeandindicative.Detailedanalysisisoutlinedundervariouscategoriesinthefollowingchapters.

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SECTION 1: PARTIES AND THEIR WEBSITES HeadofParty–namelessbutnotheadlessOfthe15politicalpartiesanalysed,onlyninelistedthenameoftheirheadofparty.Theseincluded,surprisingly,PML-N,whichdidnotgivethenameofNawazSharif,aswellasJUI-F,MQM-P,PML-Q,PML-FandPKMAP.ThosethatnamedtheheadoftheirpartyincludedPPP(BilawalBhutto),PTI(ImranKhan),JI(SirajulHaq),ANP(AsfandyarWali),AWP(FanoosGujjar),PSP(MustafaKamal),QWP(AftabSherpao),NPP(HasilBizenjo)andBPP(JawadAhmed).Website–officialfootprintonlineOfthe15politicalpartiesanalysed,onlythreedidnothaveawebsite–PML-Q,PML-FandPKMAP.ThesethreeareessentiallyprovincialpartieswithPML-QhavingageographicpresencelimitedtoonPunjab,PML-FtoSindhandPKMAPtoBalochistan.

SECTION 2: PARTIES AND THEIR KEY SOCIAL MEDIA FOOTPRINT Socialmediafootprint-FacebookpageOfthe15politicalpartiesanalysed,allpartiesexceptthemostlyBalochistan-focusedPKMAPhadanofficialpartypageonFacebook.Socialmediafootprint–TwitteraccountOfthe15politicalpartiesanalysed,allhadanofficialandactiveTwitteraccountexceptPML-F.EvenPKMAP,whichdoesn’tmaintainaFacebookpage,runsaTwitteraccount.

SECTION 3: PARTIES AND THE KEY LANGUAGES OF THEIR ONLINE COMMUNICATION Websitelanguages:Ofthe15politicalpartiesanalysed,onlytwo–PTIandJI–havecontentbilingualcontentavailableinEnglishandUrdulanguagesontheirwebsite.Twoparties–PML-NandJUI-F–havecontentinUrdulanguageonlywhileeightparties–PPP,MQM-P,ANP,AWP,PSP,QWP,NPPandBPPoffercontentinEnglishlanguageonly.PML-Fhasnowebsite.Facebooklanguages:Ofthe15politicalpartiesanalysed,ten–PML-N,PPP,PTI,MQM-P,ANP,AWP,PSP,QWP,PML-FandBPP–usebothEnglishandUrdulanguagestocommunicatewiththeirfollowersontheparty’sFacebookpage.Fourparties–JI,JUI-F,PML-QandNPP–havecontentinUrdulanguageonly.PKMAPdoesnothaveaFacebookpage.

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Twitterlanguages:Ofthe15politicalpartiesanalysed,11–PML-N,PPP,PTI,MQM-P,ANP,AWP,PSP,QWP,NPP,BPPandPKMAP–usebothEnglishandUrdulanguagestocommunicatewiththeirfollowersontheparty’sTwitteraccounts.Twoparties–JIandJUI-F–havecontentinUrdulanguageonly.PML-Fdoesnothaveatwitteraccount.

SECTION 4: MOST ACTIVE POLITICIANS ON SOCIAL MEDIA Ofthe15politicalpartiesanalysed,thetopormainstreamleadershipof12partieshadsocialmediaaccounts.KeymembersofJUI-F,PKMAPandPML-Fdonothavethematall.Ofthepartieswhoseleadershavesocialmediaaccounts,almosttheentiretopleadershipofthesepartiesmaintainsFacebookandTwitteraccounts–withtheexceptionsofSherryRehmanofPPPandRazaHaroonofMQM-Pwhodon’tmaintainofficialFacebookpages.TheresthavebothFacebookandTwitteraccounts.Whiletherearemultipleleadersofthe12politicalpartieswhomaintainsocialmediaaccounts,includingFacebookandTwitter,anattemptwasmadetolisttheleaderswithtopthreemostnumbersoffollowersfromeachparty.Thereareatleast27politicianswhoseFacebookaccountshavemorethan1,000followerswhilethereareatleast26politicianswhoseTwitteraccountshaveover1,000followers.MostpopularFacebookpoliticiansinPakistan:ThereareatleastfourPakistanipoliticianswhohadoveronemillionfollowersontheirofficialFacebookaccountsonJuly10,2018whereasthereareonlythreepartieswhoseleadershaveoveronemillionFacebookfollowerseach–PTI,PML-NandJI.OfthesePTIhastwoleaders–ImranKhanandJahangirTareen–whilePML-NhasShahbazSharifandJIhasSirajulHaq.ThereareatleastsevenpoliticalpartieswithleaderswhohaveFacebookpageswithover100,000butlessthanonemillionfollowers.PartieswithleaderswhoseFacebookfollowersnumberinlakhsincludetwofromPML-N,onefromPTI,twofromPPPtwofromPSPandoneeachfromJI,PML-QandBPP.ImranKhanisthemostpopularpoliticianonFacebookwith8.12mfollowers.JahangirTareenissecondmostpopularwith3.13mfollowers,ShahbazSharifthirdmostpopularwith2.08mfollowers.ThefollowingarethetenmostpopularPakistanipoliticiansonFacebook:

1. ImranKhan(PTI)–8.120million2. JahangirTareen(PTI)–3.139million3. ShahbazSharif(PML-N)–2.080million4. SirajulHaq(JI)–1.127million5. ShahMehmoodQureshi(PTI)–975,5296. PervaizElahi(PML-Q)–726,0587. MaryamNawaz(PML-N)–666,0038. SaadRafique(PML-N)–568,161

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9. MustafaKamal(PSP)–405,71410. JawadAhmed(BPP)–354,914

ThePTIandPML-NleadersaremostefficientusersofpersonalFacebookaccountsforpoliticalcommunicationwiththreeleaderseachinthelistoftoptenmostfollowedPakistanipoliticiansonFacebook.JI,PML-Q,PSPandBPPhaveoneleadereachinthetoptenlist.Onlyoneisfemale–MaryamNawaz–inthelist.Otherpoliticianswithover100,000followersonFacebookincludeMianAslam(JI)with277,717followers,AseefaBhutto(PPP)with223,070followers,FauziaKasuri(PSP)with133,587followersandBilawalBhutto(PPP)with112,363followers.MostpopularTwitterpoliticiansinPakistan:ThereareatleasteightPakistanipoliticianswhohadoveronemillionfollowersontheirofficialTwitteraccountsonJuly10,2018whereasthereareonlythreepartieswhoseleadershaveoveronemillionTwitterfollowerseach–PTI,PML-NandPPP.Ofthese,fiveleadershaveover2millionfollowerseach.ThereareatleastfivepoliticalpartieswithleaderswhohaveTwitterpageswithover100,000butlessthanonemillionfollowers.PartieswithleaderswhoseTwitterfollowersnumberinlakhsincludetwofromPSPandoneeachfromPPP,JI,MQMandANP.ImranKhanisthemostpopularpoliticianonTwitterwith8.05mfollowers.MaryamNawazissecondmostpopularwith4.74mfollowersandShahbazSharifthirdmostpopularwith3.99mfollowers.ThefollowingarethetenmostpopularPakistanipoliticiansonTwitter:

1. ImranKhan(PTI)–8.058million2. MaryamNawaz(PML-N)–4.740million3. ShahbazSharif(PML-N)–3.999million4. BilawalBhutto(PPP)–2.738million5. JahangirTareen(PTI)–2,522million6. AseefaBhutto(PPP)–1.988million7. ShahMahmoodQureshi(PTI)–1.605million8. SaadRafique(PML-N)–1.496million9. SherryRehman(PPP)–808,18810. FauziaKasuri(PSP)–740,002

ThePTI,PML-NandPPPleadersaremostefficientusersofpersonalTwitteraccountsforpoliticalcommunicationwiththreeleaderseachinthelistoftoptenmostfollowedPakistanipoliticiansonTwitter.PSPistheonlyotherpartymakingittothetoptenlist.Fourofthe10politiciansarefemale–MaryamNawaz,AseefaBhutto,SherryRehmanandFauziaKasuri.Otherpoliticianswithover100,000followersonTwitterincludeSirajulHaq(JI)with690,894followers,FaisalSabzwari(MQM-P)with200,709followers,BushraGohar(ANP)with131,564followersandRazaHaroon(MQM-P)with101,621followers.

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SECTION 5: KEY PARTY INFORMATION AVAILABLE ON WEBSITE – EXTERNAL CATEGORIES Partyconstitution:Onlysixparties–PTI,JI,JUI-F,ANP,AWPandNPPhavepostedtheirpartyconstitutionontheirwebsites.Fourparties–MQM-P,PSP,QWPandBPP–whichhavewebsites,havenotpostedtheirconstitutiononline.Threeparties–PML-Q,PML-FandPKMAPdon’thavewebsites.Partymanifestos:ByJuly10,2018,15daysbeforethescheduledJuly25,2018generalelections,ofthe15partiessurveyedofwhich12havewebsites,allhadpostedtheir2018electionmanifestosonlineexceptNPP.Threeparties–PML-Q,PML-FandPKMAPdon’thavewebsites.Listofleadership(central):Ofthe15politicalpartiesanalysed,ofwhich12havewebsites,nineparties–PPP,PTI,JI,MQM-P,ANP,AWP,PSP,QWPandNPPdisplayalistonlineofthecentralleadershipoftheirparty.Threeparties–PML-N,JUI-FandBPP–donot.Listofleadership(provincial):Ofthe15politicalpartiesanalysed,ofwhich12havewebsites,onlysixparties–PTI,JI,MQM-P,ANP,AWPandNPPdisplayalistonlineoftheprovincialleadershipsoftheirparty.Sixparties–PML-N,PPP,JUI-F,PSP,QWPandBPP–donot.ListofExecutive/CentralCommitteemembers:Ofthe15politicalpartiesanalysed,ofwhich12havewebsites,eightparties–PPP,PTI,JI,MQM-P,ANP,AWP,QWPandNPPdisplayalistoftheparty’scentral/executivecommitteemembers.Fourparties–PML-N,JUI-F,PSPandBPP–donot.ListofGeneralBodymembers:Ofthe15politicalpartiesanalysed,ofwhich12havewebsites,sevenparties–PTI,JI,MQM-P,ANP,AWP,QWPandNPPdisplayalistoftheparty’sgeneralbodymembers.Fiveparties–PML-N,PPP,JUI-F,PSPandBPP–donot.Listofparty’scurrentlegislators:Ofthe15politicalpartiesanalysed,ofwhich12havewebsites,onlythreeparties–PTI,MQM-PandNPP–displayalistoftheircurrentlegislators(atthetimeofthissurveyinJuly2018–onlySenatewasfunctionalwhiletheNationalAssemblyandfourprovincialassembliesstooddissolvedaftercompletingtheirlasttenures).Therestofthenineparties–PML-N,PPP,JI,JUI-F,ANP,AWP,PSP,QWPandBPPdidnot.Namesandcontactsofparty’scommunicationsfocalperson:Ofthe15politicalpartiesanalysed,ofwhich12havewebsites,onlytwoparties–JIandNPP–listthenamesoftheparty’scommunicationsfocalpersonwhocanbecontactedbythepublicorpartymembers.Therest–PML-N,PPP,PTI,JUI-F,MQM-P,ANP,AWP,PSP,QWPandBPP–didnot.Party’sofficialemailaddress:Ofthe15politicalpartiesanalysed,ofwhich12havewebsites,onlysixparties–PML-N,PPP,JI,AWP,PSPandQWP–havelistedtheparty’sofficialemail

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onthewebsitetoallowthepublicorpartymemberstogetincontactwiththeparty.Sixparties–PTI,JUI-F,MQM-P,ANP,NPPandBPP–havenot.Party’sofficialphonenumber:Ofthe15politicalpartiesanalysed,ofwhich12havewebsites,nineparties–PPP,JI,MQM-P,ANP,AWP,PSP,QWP,NPPandBPPhavelistedtheirparty’sofficialphonenumberonlinetoallowthepublicorpartymemberstogetincontactwiththeparty.Threeparties–PML-N,PTIandJUI-F–havenot.

SECTION 6: KEY PARTY INFORMATION AVAILABLE ON WEBSITE – INTERNAL CATEGORIES Detailsofparty’scentralexecutivecommitteemeetings:Ofthe15politicalpartiesanalysed,ofwhich12havewebsites,onlyfourparties–PTI,JI,MQM-PandANP–sharesomedetailsofoneormorepreviousmeetingsofthecentralexecutivecommittee.Most,includingPML-N,PPP,JUI-F,AWP,PSP,QWP,NPPandBPP,donot.Detailsofparty’sgeneralbodymeetings:Ofthe15politicalpartiesanalysed,ofwhich12havewebsites,onlyoneparty–thePTI–sharesomedetailsofoneormorepreviousmeetingsofthegeneralbody.Therest–PML-N,PPP,JI,MQM-P,ANP,JUI-F,AWP,PSP,QWP,NPPandBPPdonot.Auditedpartyaccounts’reportsformorethanoneyear:Ofthe15politicalpartiesanalysed,ofwhich12havewebsites,notasinglepartyhassharedtheauditreportsoftheparty’saccountsandfinancesformorethanoneyear.Auditedpartyaccounts’reportforthelatestfinancialyear:Ofthe15politicalpartiesanalysed,ofwhich12havewebsites,notasinglepartyhassharedtheauditreportsoftheparty’saccountsandfinancesforthelatestfinancialyear(2016-17)applicablewhenthissurveywasconducted.

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ANNEXURES

SOCIAL MEDIA FOLLOWERSHIP OF PAKISTANI POLITICIANS Nameofpolitician Party Facebookfollowers TwitterfollowersShahbazSharif PMLN 2,080,207 3,999,874MaryamNawaz PMLN 666,003 4,740,268SaadRafique PMLN 568,161 1,496,988ImranKhan PTI 8,120,093 8,058,755JahangirTareen PTI 3,139,654 2,522,718ShahMehmoodQuraishi PTI 975,529 1,605,298BilawalBhutto PPP 112,363 2,738,062AseefaBhutto PPP 223,070 1,988,687SherryRehman PPP Noofficialaccount 808,188SirajulHaq JI 1,127,460 690,894MianMuhammadAslam JI 277,717 778LiaqatBaloch JI 42,483 94,010FarooqSattar MQM 23,401 16,180KhalidMaqboolSiddique MQM 1,322 1,372FaisalSabzwari MQM 12,619 200,709AsfandyarWaliKhan ANP 24,448 21,632BushraGohar ANP 41,778 131,564MianIftikharHussain ANP 31,909 49,878IsmatRazaShahjahan AWP 1,412 5,464FarooqTariq AWP 9,575 9,917MustafaKamal PSP 405,714 97,394RazaHaroon PSP Noofficialaccount 101,621FauziaKasuri PSP 133,587 740,002AftabSherpao QWP 80,934 5,291SikandarSherpao QWP 3,889 0ShujaatHussain PMLQ 19,982 1,353PervezElahi PMLQ 726,058 193HasilBizenjo NPP 10,470 9,266JawadAhmad BPP 354,914 83,932

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INDIVIDUAL PARTY ONLINE BASIC DATA & INFORMATION

1 Nameofparty PakistanMuslimLeague(N) Headofparty MianMuhammadNawazSharif Officialwebsiteofparty

(URL)http://pmln.org/

2 Keysocialmediafootprint Officialsocialmedia

platformsAccount Followers

Facebook https://www.facebook.com/pml.n.official/

2667569

Twitter https://twitter.com/pmln_org

946378

3 Keylanguagesforcommunication Platform English Urdu Other Website No Yes Facebook Yes Yes Twitter Yes Yes 4 Mostactivekeypartyleadersonline–thosewithmostnumberoffollowersonofficial

accounts Leaders Twitterfollowers Facebook

followers 1.ShahbazSharif

3999874 2080207

2.MaryamNawazSharif

4740268 666003

3.KhawajaSaadRafiq

1496988 568161

5 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–external Categories Yes No Partyconstitution No Partymanifesto yes Listofleadership(central) No Listofleadership(provincial) No Listofcentralexecutivecommitteemembers No ListofGeneralbodymembers No ListofpartySenators,MNAsandMPAs No Nameandcontactdetailsofpartycommunicationfocalperson No Officialemailaddress(es) Yes Officialphonenumber(s) No6 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–internal Categories Yes No DetailsofCentralExecutiveCommitteemeetings No DetailsofGeneralBodymeetingsdetails No Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(formorethanoneyear) No Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(latestfiscalyear2016-17) No

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1 Nameofparty PakistanTehreekeInsaf Headofparty ImranKhan Officialwebsiteofparty

(URL)http://www.insaf.pk/



Facebook https://www.facebook.com/PTIOfficial/ 5799422

Twitter https://twitter.com/PTIofficial

3537046

3 Keylanguagesforcommunication Platform English Urdu Other Website Yes Yes Facebook Yes Yes Twitter Yes Yes 4 Mostactivekeypartyleadersonline–thosewithmostnumberoffollowersonofficial

accounts Leaders Twitterfollowers Facebookfollowers 1.ImranKhan

8058755 8120093

2.JahangirTareen

2522718 3139654

3.ShahMahmoodQureshi

1605298 975529

5 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–external Categories Yes No Partyconstitution Yes Partymanifesto No Listofleadership(central) Yes Listofleadership(provincial) Yes Listofcentralexecutivecommitteemembers Yes ListofGeneralbodymembers Yes ListofpartySenators,MNAsandMPAs Yes Nameandcontactdetailsofpartycommunicationfocalperson No Officialemailaddress(es) No Officialphonenumber(s) No6 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–internal Categories Yes No DetailsofCentralExecutiveCommitteemeetings Yes DetailsofGeneralBodymeetingsdetails Yes Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(formorethanoneyear) No Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(latestfiscalyear2016-17) No

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1 Nameofparty PakistanPeople’sParty Headofparty BilawalBhuttoZardari Officialwebsiteofparty

(URL)https://www.ppp.org.pk/



Facebook https://www.facebook.com/Bilawalhouse/

200664

Twitter https://twitter.com/MediaCellPPP

549108

3 Keylanguagesforcommunication Platform English Urdu Other Website Yes No Facebook Yes Yes Twitter Yes Yes 4 Mostactivekeypartyleadersonline–thosewithmostnumberoffollowersonofficial


followers 1.BilawalBhutto

2738062 112363

2.AseefaBhutto

1988687 223070

3.SherryRehman

808188 0

5 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–external Categories Yes No Partyconstitution No Partymanifesto Yes Listofleadership(central) Yes Listofleadership(provincial) Yes Listofcentralexecutivecommitteemembers No ListofGeneralbodymembers No ListofpartySenators,MNAsandMPAs No Nameandcontactdetailsofpartycommunicationfocalperson No Officialemailaddress(es) Yes Officialphonenumber(s) Yes 6 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–internal Categories Yes No DetailsofCentralExecutiveCommitteemeetings No DetailsofGeneralBodymeetingsdetails No Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(formorethanoneyear) No Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(latestfiscalyear2016-17) No

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1 Nameofparty JamateIslami Headofparty SirajulHaq Officialwebsiteofparty

(URL)http://jamaat.org/ur/



Facebook https://www.facebook.com/JIPOfficial1/

3872828

Twitter https://twitter.com/JIPOfficial

87690

3 Keylanguagesforcommunication Platform English Urdu Other Website Yes Yes Facebook No Yes Twitter No Yes 4 Mostactivekeypartyleadersonline–thosewithmostnumberoffollowersonofficial

accounts Leaders Twitterfollowers Facebookfollowers SirajulHaq 690894 1127460 MianMuhammadAslam 778 277717 LiaqatBaloch 94010 424835 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–external Categories Yes No Partyconstitution Yes Partymanifesto Yes Listofleadership(central) Yes Listofleadership(provincial) Yes Listofcentralexecutivecommitteemembers Yes ListofGeneralbodymembers Yes ListofpartySenators,MNAsandMPAs No Nameandcontactdetailsofpartycommunicationfocalperson Yes Officialemailaddress(es) Yes Officialphonenumber(s) Yes 6 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–internal Categories Yes No DetailsofCentralExecutiveCommitteemeetings Yes DetailsofGeneralBodymeetingsdetails No Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(formorethanoneyear) No Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(latestfiscalyear2016-17) No

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1 Nameofparty JamiatUlameIslam(F) Headofparty FazalurRahman Officialwebsiteofparty

(URL)https://juipak.org.pk/



Facebook https://www.facebook.com/juipakofficial/

269645

Twitter https://twitter.com/juipakofficial

5515

3 Keylanguagesforcommunication Platform English Urdu Other Website No Yes Facebook No Yes Twitter No Yes 4 Mostactivekeypartyleadersonline–thosewithmostnumberoffollowersonofficial


followers 5 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–external Categories Yes No Partyconstitution Yes Partymanifesto Yes Listofleadership(central) No Listofleadership(provincial) No Listofcentralexecutivecommitteemembers No ListofGeneralbodymembers No ListofpartySenators,MNAsandMPAs No Nameandcontactdetailsofpartycommunicationfocalperson No Officialemailaddress(es) No Officialphonenumber(s) No6 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–internal Categories Yes No DetailsofCentralExecutiveCommitteemeetings No DetailsofGeneralBodymeetingsdetails No Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(formorethanoneyear) No Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(latestfiscalyear2016-17) No

18

1 Nameofparty MutahidaQaumiMovement–Pakistan Headofparty No Officialwebsiteofparty

(URL)http://www.mqmpakistan.org/#sthash.hYCGDSOH.dpbs



Facebook https://www.facebook.com/MQM.Pakistan/

51966

Twitter https://twitter.com/MQMPKOfficial

14605



followers FarooqSattar 16180 23401 KhalidMaqboolSiddique 1372 1322 FaisalSabzwari 200709 126195 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–external Categories Yes No Partyconstitution No Partymanifesto Yes Listofleadership(central) Yes Listofleadership(provincial) Yes Listofcentralexecutivecommitteemembers Yes ListofGeneralbodymembers Yes ListofpartySenators,MNAsandMPAs Yes Nameandcontactdetailsofpartycommunicationfocalperson No Officialemailaddress(es) No Officialphonenumber(s) Yes 6 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–internal Categories Yes No DetailsofCentralExecutiveCommitteemeetings Yes DetailsofGeneralBodymeetingsdetails No Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(formorethanoneyear) No Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(latestfiscalyear2016-17) No

19

1 Nameofparty AwamiNationalParty(ANP) Headofparty AsfandyarWaliKhan Officialwebsiteofparty

(URL)http://awaminationalparty.org/main/



Facebook https://www.facebook.com/ANPMarkaz/

96730

Twitter https://twitter.com/ANPMarkaz

40451


accounts Leaders Twitterfollowers Facebookfollowers AsfandyarWaliKhan 21632 24448 BushraGohar 131564 41778 MianIftikharHussain 49878 319095 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–external Categories Yes No Partyconstitution Yes Partymanifesto Yes Listofleadership(central) Yes Listofleadership(provincial) Yes Listofcentralexecutivecommitteemembers Yes ListofGeneralbodymembers Yes ListofpartySenators,MNAsandMPAs Yes Nameandcontactdetailsofpartycommunicationfocalperson No Officialemailaddress(es) No Officialphonenumber(s) Yes 6 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–internal Categories Yes No DetailsofCentralExecutiveCommitteemeetings Yes DetailsofGeneralBodymeetingsdetails No Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(formorethanoneyear) No Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(latestfiscalyear2016-17) No

20

1 Nameofparty AwamiWorkerParty(AWP) Headofparty FanoosGujjar Officialwebsiteof

party(URL)http://awamiworkersparty.org/



Facebook https://www.facebook.com/AwamiWorkersParty/

21708

Twitter https://twitter.com/AwamiWorkers

5838



followers IsmatRazaShah

Jahan5464 1412

FarooqTariq 9917 9575

No 5 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–external Categories Yes No Partyconstitution Yes Partymanifesto Yes Listofleadership(central) Yes Listofleadership(provincial) Yes Listofcentralexecutivecommitteemembers Yes ListofGeneralbodymembers Yes ListofpartySenators,MNAsandMPAs No Nameandcontactdetailsofpartycommunicationfocalperson No Officialemailaddress(es) Yes Officialphonenumber(s) Yes 6 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–internal Categories Yes No DetailsofCentralExecutiveCommitteemeetings No DetailsofGeneralBodymeetingsdetails No Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(formorethanoneyear) No Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(latestfiscalyear2016-17) No

21

1 Nameofparty PSP Headofparty SyedMustafaKamal Officialwebsiteofparty

(URL)http://www.psp.org.pk/



Facebook https://www.facebook.com/PSPPakistan/ 204427 Twitter https://twitter.com/psppakistan?lang=en 277053 Keylanguagesforcommunication Platform English Urdu Other Website Yes No Facebook Yes Yes Twitter Yes Yes 4 Mostactivekeypartyleadersonline–thosewithmostnumberoffollowersonofficial


followers MustafaKamal 97394 405714 MuhammadRazaHaroon 101621 Noofficialpage FauziaKasuri 740002 1335875 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–external Categories Yes No Partyconstitution No Partymanifesto Yes Listofleadership(central) No Listofleadership(provincial) No Listofcentralexecutivecommitteemembers No ListofGeneralbodymembers No ListofpartySenators,MNAsandMPAs No Nameandcontactdetailsofpartycommunicationfocalperson No Officialemailaddress(es) Yes Officialphonenumber(s) Yes 6 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–internal Categories Yes No DetailsofCentralExecutiveCommitteemeetings No DetailsofGeneralBodymeetingsdetails No Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(formorethanoneyear) No Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(latestfiscalyear2016-17) No

22

1 Nameofparty QWP Headofparty AftabAhmadKhanSherpao Officialwebsiteofparty

(URL)http://qwp.org.pk/



Facebook https://www.facebook.com/QwpPK/ 94118 Twitter https://twitter.com/qwppk_official?lang=en 21963 Keylanguagesforcommunication Platform English Urdu Other Website Yes No Facebook Yes Yes Twitter Yes Yes 4 Mostactivekeypartyleadersonline–thosewithmostnumberoffollowersonofficial


followers AftabAhmadSherpao 5291 80934 SikandarHayatKhan

Sherpao0 3889

5 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–external Categories Yes No Partyconstitution No Partymanifesto Yes Listofleadership(central) Yes Listofleadership(provincial) No Listofcentralexecutivecommitteemembers Yes ListofGeneralbodymembers Yes ListofpartySenators,MNAsandMPAs No Nameandcontactdetailsofpartycommunicationfocalperson No Officialemailaddress(es) Yes Officialphonenumber(s) Yes 6 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–internal Categories Yes No DetailsofCentralExecutiveCommitteemeetings No DetailsofGeneralBodymeetingsdetails No Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(formorethanoneyear) No Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(latestfiscalyear2016-17) No

23

1 Nameofparty PMLQ Headofparty No Officialwebsiteofparty

(URL)No



Facebook https://www.facebook.com/pmlqofficial1/ 6266 Twitter https://twitter.com/pmlqofficial?lang=en 7963 Keylanguagesforcommunication Platform English Urdu Other Website Facebook No Yes Twitter No No 4 Mostactivekeypartyleadersonline–thosewithmostnumberoffollowersonofficial


followers ChaudhryShujaatHussain 1353 19982 ChaudhryPervezElahi 193 726058 No 5 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–external Categories Yes No Partyconstitution Partymanifesto Listofleadership(central) Listofleadership(provincial) Listofcentralexecutivecommitteemembers ListofGeneralbodymembers ListofpartySenators,MNAsandMPAs Nameandcontactdetailsofpartycommunicationfocalperson Officialemailaddress(es) Officialphonenumber(s) 6 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–internal Categories Yes No DetailsofCentralExecutiveCommitteemeetings DetailsofGeneralBodymeetingsdetails Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(formorethanoneyear) Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(latestfiscalyear2016-17)

24

1 Nameofparty

PMLF

Headofparty

No

Officialwebsiteofparty(URL)

No

2 Keysocialmediafootprint Official

socialmediaplatform

Account Followers

Facebook

https://www.facebook.com/PakistanMuslimLeuageFunctionalOfficalPage/

2644

Twitter No 3 Keylanguagesforcommunication Platform English Urd

uOther

Website No Faceboo

kYes Yes

Twitter No 4 Mostactivekeypartyleadersonline–thosewithmostnumberoffollowersonofficial


followers No No No 5 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–external Categories Yes No Partyconstitution Partymanifesto Listofleadership(central) Listofleadership(provincial) Listofcentralexecutivecommitteemembers ListofGeneralbodymembers ListofpartySenators,MNAsandMPAs Nameandcontactdetailsofpartycommunicationfocalperson Officialemailaddress(es) Officialphonenumber(s) 6 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–internal Categories Yes No DetailsofCentralExecutiveCommitteemeetings DetailsofGeneralBodymeetingsdetails Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(formorethanoneyear) Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(latestfiscalyear2016-17)

25

1 Nameofparty NationalPartyPakistan Headofparty MirHasilKhanBazenjo Officialwebsiteof

party(URL)http://www.nationalparty.com.pk/



Facebook https://www.facebook.com/nationalpartyofficial/ 3078 Twitter https://twitter.com/nationalparty_?lang=en 27843 Keylanguagesforcommunication Platform English Urdu Other Website Yes No Facebook No Yes Twitter Yes Yes 4 Mostactivekeypartyleadersonline–thosewithmostnumberoffollowersonofficial


followers HasilKhanBazenjo 9266 10470 5 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–external Categories Yes No Partyconstitution Yes Partymanifesto No Listofleadership(central) Yes Listofleadership(provincial) Yes Listofcentralexecutivecommitteemembers Yes ListofGeneralbodymembers Yes ListofpartySenators,MNAsandMPAs Yes Nameandcontactdetailsofpartycommunicationfocalperson Yes Officialemailaddress(es) No Officialphonenumber(s) Yes 6 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–internal Categories Yes No DetailsofCentralExecutiveCommitteemeetings No DetailsofGeneralBodymeetingsdetails No Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(formorethanoneyear) No Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(latestfiscalyear2016-17) No

26

1 Nameofparty BPP Headofparty JawadAhmad Officialwebsiteof

party(URL)http://barabripartypakistan.pk/



Facebook https://www.facebook.com/BarabriPartyOfficial/ 37724 Twitter https://twitter.com/@BarabriParty 2673 Keylanguagesforcommunication Platform English Urdu Other Website Yes No Facebook Yes Yes Twitter Yes Yes 4 Mostactivekeypartyleadersonline–thosewithmostnumberoffollowersonofficial


followers JawadAhmad 83932 3549145 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–external Categories Yes No Partyconstitution No Partymanifesto Yes Listofleadership(central) No Listofleadership(provincial) No Listofcentralexecutivecommitteemembers No ListofGeneralbodymembers No ListofpartySenators,MNAsandMPAs No Nameandcontactdetailsofpartycommunicationfocalperson No Officialemailaddress(es) No Officialphonenumber(s) Yes 6 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–internal Categories Yes No DetailsofCentralExecutiveCommitteemeetings No DetailsofGeneralBodymeetingsdetails No Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(formorethanoneyear) No Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(latestfiscalyear2016-17) No

27

1 Nameofparty PKMAP Headofparty No Officialwebsiteofparty

(URL)No



Facebook No Twitter https://twitter.com/pkmapofficial?lang=en 17733 Keylanguagesforcommunication Platform English Urdu Other Website Facebook Twitter Yes Yes 4 Mostactivekeypartyleadersonline–thosewithmostnumberoffollowersonofficial


followers No No No 5 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–external Categories Yes No Partyconstitution Partymanifesto Listofleadership(central) Listofleadership(provincial) Listofcentralexecutivecommitteemembers ListofGeneralbodymembers ListofpartySenators,MNAsandMPAs Nameandcontactdetailsofpartycommunicationfocalperson Officialemailaddress(es) Officialphonenumber(s) 6 Keypartyinformationavailableonwebsite–internal Categories Yes No DetailsofCentralExecutiveCommitteemeetings DetailsofGeneralBodymeetingsdetails Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(formorethanoneyear) Auditedreportsofpartyfinances(latestfiscalyear2016-17)

28

ABOUT IRADA InstituteforResearch,AdvocacyandDevelopment(IRADA),anIslamabad-basedindependentresearchandadvocacyorganizationfocusingonsocialdevelopmentandcivilliberties.OURVISIONIRADAenvisionsademocratic,participatory,peacefulandjustpolityinPakistanOURMISSION1.Strengtheningdemocracythroughinclusivityandpluralisms2.Strengtheninglocalempowermentthroughdevolutionofpowers3.Strengtheninggovernancethroughaccountabilityandtransparency4.StrengtheningjusticethroughfundamentalrightsOURWORK1.Promotinginclusivityandpluralismsthroughsupportforfreespeech,civilliberties,peaceandrightsofminoritiesandmarginalizedcommunities2.Promotingdevolutionofpowersthroughsupportforempowermentofprovincesanddistricts,policydevelopment,provincial-levellegislationandlocalgovernance3.Promotingaccountabilityandtransparencythroughsupportforrighttoinformation,freemedia,openinternet,opengovernment4.Promotingfundamentalrightsthroughsupportforequality,accesstojusticeandruleoflaw.

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ELECTIONS 2018: POLITICAL COMMUNICATIONS & DIGITAL