1.0 INTRODUCTION

Electrical wiring in general refers to insulated conductor use to carry electricity and

associated device. General aspects of electrical wiring are used to provide power in or

to building and structure, commonly to as building wiring.

Electrical wiring whether for residential, commercial or industrial project must be

carefully installed and maintained in such a way it will provide safety to person and

property. This requires good workmanship, knowledge of electrical principle and

circuitry. Familiarity with electrical wiring accessories is an important provision

beside an awareness of and strict adherence to the provision of the National Electrical

Code (NEC).

The surface wiring is the basic wiring that has been use to many purposes. Usually,

this type of wiring does not have any problem encountered such as the view, the

alignment and many other aspects. It is the wiring which is installed and can be seen

with bare eyes. It is the wiring which is installed and can be seen with bare eyes.

Concealed wiring is wiring that is covered over by the finish of the building and

therefore considered as inaccessible. It is usually for single phase supply of

electricity. Building of bricks or concrete is suitable for this type. The mechanical

damage can be avoided. There are many cable required during installation. It is also

high durability of cable required, small power consumption and usually used PVC

insulated conduits.

An electrical conduit is a purpose designed electrical piping system used for

protection and routing of electrical wiring. Electrical wiring may be made by metal,

plastic, fiber or fired clay. Flexible conduit is also available for special purposes.

Conduit is generally installed by electrician at the site of installation of electrical

equipment. Its use, form and installation detail are often specified by wiring

regulation such as NEC it other national or local code.

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There are two types of wiring with are:

i. Surface wiring

Single phase supply, small power consumption.

Mostly timber building or half brick/timber.

Low installation cost.

Final circuit (less or a few).

No mechanical damage occurs at site/observed.

Fast installation.

ii. Conceal wiring

Single phase supply.

Building of bricks or concrete.

Needs beauty or neatness to wall.

Mechanical damages can be avoided.

Many cable required during installation.

High durability of cables is required.

Small power consumption.

To choose the type of wiring to be use we have to consider to a few factors. The factors

in choosing the type of wiring are:

i. Cost

ii. Durability

iii. Neatness

iv. Safety

v. Effectiveness

vi. Flexibility

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2.0 OBJECTIVES

1. To identify the process of electrical wiring installation for the single storey house

as given in the laboratory.

2. To review and discuss all the process of electrical wiring installation for the single

storey house.

3. To prepare the schematic diagram for the electrical wiring installation.

3.0 APPARATUS

1. Electrical wiring simple board

2. Camera

4.0 PROCEDURE

1. The component of electrical wiring at sample board was identified.

2. Suggestion of the electrical devices accessories that suitable to the electrical

installation was made.

3. The schematic diagram of electrical wiring system was drawn.

4. The schematic diagram of current supply for domestic building (house) was

drawn.

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5.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

5.1 ELECTRICAL COMPONENT

A. GANG M/C SOCKET Device commonly employed in

domestic installation to facilitate the

connection to the main supply of

portable lighting fitting and others

appliances.

It is fixed and design to receive a plug

that carries protruding metal contacts

corresponding to recessed contact in he

socket outlet.

B. FAN REGULATOR

To control the current that flow to the

fan.

The higher the speed of the fan, the

lasses resistance in the current flow

C. FLUORECENT LAMP

This is low pressure variation of the

mercury discharge energized mercury

atoms emit ultra violet radiation and a

blue light

D. BULB

Provide a combination of visible

radiation and ultraviolet light.

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ITEM FUNCTION

E. WIRE Important component in electrical

installation.

Connect the power sources

(electricity) and the equipment that

use it.

The type of wire depends on the

method used/adopted.

Wire :

Red – live wire

Green – earth wire

Black - neutral wire

F. EARTH LEAKAGE CURCUIT BREAKER

(ELCB)

safety device used in electrical

installations with high earth

impedance to prevent shock.

The main purpose of earth leakage

protectors is to prevent injury to

humans and animals due to electric

shock

G. DIRECT ONLINE STARTER Act as the switch to the air

conditioner. Let the current floe to

the air conditioner

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5.2 CURRENT SUPPLY FOR THE DOMESTIC BUILDING

5.2.1 ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION

After electricity is produced at power plants is has to get to the customers that use

the electricity. Our cities, towns, states and the entire country are crisis-crossed with

power lines that “carry” the electricity. As large generators spin, they produce electricity

with a voltage of about 25,000 volts. A volt is a measurement of electromotive force in

electricity. The electricity first goes to a transformer at the power plant that boosts the

voltage up to 400,000 volts. When electricity travels long distances it is better to have it

at higher voltages (more efficiently at high voltages).

The long thick cables of transmission lines are made of copper or aluminum because they

have a low resistance. High voltage transmission lines carry electricity long distances to a

substation. From this substation, electricity in different power levels is used to run

factories, streetcars and mass transit, light street lights and stop light, and is sent to

neighborhood. When electricity enters (example house), it must pass through a meter and

goes through a fuse box. The fuse box protects the house in case of problems. When a

fuse (circuit breaker) “blows” or “trips” something wrong with an appliance or something

was short circuited.

5.2.1 ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION

A process in the delivery of electricity to consumers is the bulk transfer of electrical

power. Typically, power transmission is between the power plant and a substation near a

populated area. This process can be divided into two phases; primary transmission and

secondary transmission.

(a) Primary Transmission

A set of transformer at bulk transmission station- To raise the generated power

(11-25kV) to the high voltages (500kV) used on the high voltage transmission

lines called the National Grid. The connection in the transformers from power

generated by alternator to the power supplied to the high power lines may be

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typed Delta to Delta or Delta to Star (Wye) or other combinations. Delta-star is

commonly used because safety of additional neutral line can be incorporated.

(b) Secondary Transmission

Secondary high transmission substation- Consists of step-down transformer from

500kv to 33kV. The power will supply to large heavy industries and various

states.

5.2.3 ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION

Electricity distribution is the penultimate stage in the delivery (before retail) of electricity

to end users. It is generally considered to include medium-voltage (less than 50 kV)

power lines, electrical substations and pole mounted transformers, low voltage(less than

1000 V) distribution wiring and sometimes electricity meters.

The process can be divided into two phase;

(a) Primary Distribution Substations

Consists of step-down transformer from 33 kV to 11kV.These will supply the

heavy consumption of high-rise commercial buildings, factories of heavy to

medium consumption and large cities or suburban areas.

Distribution cables on large unipole- consist of single pole of either reinforced

concrete of CHS steel pole with supporting branches on both sides to supports

hanging cables. Other method used is by underground due to heavy traffics.

(b) Secondary Distribution Substations

Consists of step-down transformer from 11kV to 415kV or and 240kV.Thes

substation usually located within the housing areas, villages or towns.

Distribution cables on small unipole- similar to the poles of primary distribution

but used much more common.

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6.0 CONCLUSION AND RECCOMENDATIONS

Based on laboratory that we have done, we conclude that Electrical wiring in

general refers to insulated conductor use to carry electricity and associated device. For

our report, we find out the process of the electrical wiring installation for single storey

house. There are two types of electrical wiring. The surface wiring is the basic wiring that

has been used for many purposes. Another type of wiring is concealed wiring which is

wiring that is covered over by the finish of the building and therefore considered as

inaccessible. These two wiring are use insulated conduits to avoid the mechanical

damages. An electrical conduit used for protect the electrical wiring. We also prepared

the schematic diagram for the electrical before and after wiring installation

For current supply in domestic building, it can be divided into three major works

before it is arrive to the consumer to use it in their resident. The three major step known

as electrical power generation which is the production of electric at power plant and then

it will go to electrical power transmission which is process in the delivery of electricity to

consumers is the bulk transfer of electrical power and last before it go to the consumer is

electric power distribution which it will distribute the electric according to the need.

Electricity distribution is the penultimate stage in the delivery (before retail) of electricity

to end users.

General aspects of electrical wiring are used to provide power in or to building

and structure electrical wiring must be carefully installed and maintained in such a way it

will provide safety to persons and property. This required good workmanship, knowledge

of electrical principle and circuitry.

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7.0 REFERENCES

Ray C. Mullin, Robert L. Smith,“ Electrical Wiring Commercial: Based on the 2005

National Electric Code, ELECTRICAL WIRING COMMERCIAL”, Cengage Learning,

2004, New York

Ray C. Mullin, “Electrical Wiring Residential: Based on the 2005 National Electric Code

Electrical Wiring Residential”, Cengage Learning, 2004, New York

Rex Cauldwell, “Wiring a House”, Taunton Press, 2002, United State of America

http://hubpages.com/hub/electrical wiring, Accessed on 10 February 2011

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/wiring, Accessed on 12 February 2011

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/electrical, Accessed on 12 February 2011

http://www.answers.com/topic/electric-wirig ?cat=technology, Accessed on 14 February

2011)

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8.0 APPENDICES

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An ELCB box in residential and fan regulator plus socket for lighting and fan straight from

the ELCB

Direct online which usually use for air conditioner and the power directly from the

ELCB due to the high power needs.

Fluorescent lamp which the current come from the DB and from that the current go to the bulb

socket

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Bulb which the current taken from the fluorescent lamp.

Combination of several pictures taken regarding the installation of wiring in residential house. This is the example of the wiring installation.