Emerging Business Models for Scholarly Journals: The Library Perspective

Lisa GoddardMemorial University Libraries

June 2nd, 2013 • Victoria, BCCanadian Association of Learned Journals

Congress of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2013http://research.library.mun.ca/1746/

Terms: Green vs. Gold

OA Journals

• Immediate global access to content

• May have APCs

OA Repositories

• Subscription journals

• Author self-archiving• May have embargo

Legislative Environment

Government Policy - US

Government Policy - UK

International Policy

Canadian OA Mandates

• Canadian Institutes of Health Research• National Research Council• International Development Research Centre• Ontario Institute of Cancer Research• Fonds de recherche du Québec• Canadian Health Services Research

Foundation• Heart and Stroke Foundation

SSHRC

Tri-Council Policies

Green OA Models

Research Repository

Download Stats

Alt-Metrics

Green OA Growth

62% of 1250 publishers in Sherpa/Romeo allow the archiving of post-prints or publisher PDFs.

Licensing

Self-Archiving Post-Prints

MLA Self-Archiving Policy

Self-Archiving Publisher PDF

…

…

Self-Archiving Policies

Why Green OA?

• Keep current business model• Comply with funding agency mandates• Increase visibility of articles• Increase number of citations• Make authors happy• Long term preservation

Gold “Hybrid” Models

Hybrid OA

Transparent Pricing

OA Vouchers

Free OA for Subscribers

Delayed OA

Why Hybrid?

• Collect subscriptions and APCs

• Provide an author pays option for funded researchers

• Add value for subscribers

• OA transition strategy

Serials Expenditures

Bundled Pricing

• Pricing at bundle level

• Difficult for libraries to control pricing

• Unbundled journals are vulnerable

Scholarly Societies

For scholarly societies, the status quo is not a good alternative. Doing nothing is a failing strategy.

- Shieber, 2013

Gold OA Models

Gold OA Journal Growth

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 20110

10002000300040005000600070008000

Number of OA Journals 2000-2011 Approximately 10 - 12% of academic journals are Gold OA.

OA Growth by Publisher Type

Gold OA w/ APC

Author Processing Charges

• Avg APC in 2010 = $905• Range = $8 - $3900

Higher = commercial publisher, high impact factor, biomedicine

Lower = scholarly societies, developing countries, SSH

- Solomon & Bjork, 2012

Author Processing Charges

OA Journals with APC OA Journals without APC0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

OA Journals 2011

OA Articles with APC OA Articles without APC0

20000400006000080000

100000120000140000160000

OA Articles 2011

- Laakso and Björk (2012)

OA Mega Journals

All You Can Publish

Low Fee SSH Journal

Library Support for Gold OA

OA Funds in Canada

• U Toronto• Queen’s• U Calgary• SFU• Concordia• Brock• U Manitoba

• Ottawa U• Ryerson• U Victoria• York• Memorial• U Sask

OA Fund @ Memorial

• $55 000 spent in FY 2013/14.

• Faculty and graduate students ($3000/yr).

• Max $3000 per article.

• Gold OA only (no hybrid).

• Publisher invoices library directly.

APCs

• Avoids problem of bundles

• One time cost

• Broader access = higher value

• Costs linked to institutional output

OA Memberships

$3000/yr unlimited publishing

No discount, but direct quarterly invoicing.

10% discount and direct invoicing.

$5000 pre-pay

10 articlepre-pay @ $99 ea

SCOAP3

OA Journal Hosting

Digitization of Paper Run

What Can You Do?

• Delayed OA• Free OA for

subscribers• Gold OA• Library hosting

& digitization

• Develop a self-archiving policy

• Submit your policy to Sherpa/Romeo

Thank you. Questions?

Lisa Goddardlgoddard@mun.ca

http://research.library.mun.ca/1746/