Emerging Technologies

Can You See Them Coming?

Chapter 11

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Student Learning Outcomes

1. Describe how automatic speech recognition, virtual reality, biometrics, and thought-control user interfaces will change how you interact with technology

2. Define multi-state CPUs and holographic storage devices and identify the changes they will bring out in technology

3. Describe how e-cash will work on the Internet and discuss the challenges to making e-cash a common reality

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Student Learning Outcomes

4. Describe emerging technologies and uses of technology on the Internet including renting software from ASPs, personalization through push technologies, and the Internet-enabled home

5. Discuss the potential benefits and drawbacks of cutting-edge technologies such as CAVEs, membrane-based technologies, nanotechnologies, biochips, and implant chips

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Introduction

Technology is changing every day. Many truly cutting-edge technologies are quickly emerging that will dramatically change how you interact with your computer and forever change how you live your life.

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Emerging Technologies

p.11.324 Fig. 11.1

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11.1 Computers and Their Interfaces

Fundamentally change the technology itself

Change the way you interface or interact with your computer

Most visible emerging technologies are those that:

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11.1 Computers and Their Interfaces

• Future forms of interaction– Automatic speech recognition– 3-D technologies– Biometrics– Wearable computers– Multi-state CPUs– Holographic storage devices– Thought-control user interfaces

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ASR Today and Tomorrow

• ASR is already available• Will become more widespread• Issues:

– ASR must be flexible to recognize the voices of many people

– Some systems are limited in recognizing continuous speech patterns

– Speech not yet understood within the context of a conversation

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Automatic Speech Recognition

• Captures your speech

• Distinguishes your words and word groupings to form sentences

• Includes these IT components:– Microphone & sound card– Software to distinguish your words– Database that contains words & language

rules

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Automatic Speech Recognition

• An ASR system processes speech in three steps:

2. Pattern Classification2. Pattern Classification

1. Feature Analysis1. Feature Analysis

3. Language Processing3. Language Processing

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Automatic Speech Recognition

1. Feature analysis – Captures words – Converts digital signal of voice into phonemes

2. Pattern classification– Attempts to recognize phoneme– Finds match in acoustic model database

3. Language processing (Key step)– Attempts to make sense of what you're saying by

comparing the possible word phonemes to rules in a language model database

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ASR System Example

p.11.325 Fig. 11.2

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Commercially Available ASR Systems

ViaVoice – Publisher: IBM

Dragon Naturally Speaking - Publisher: ScanSoft

SpeechMagic - Publisher: Phillips

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3-D

SALES

0

5

10

1999 2000 2001 2002

Year

$ in

Mill

ions

Two-dimensional presentations of

information show only length and width.

0

5

10

1999 2000 2001 2002

Year

SALES ($ IN MILLIONS)

Pseudo three-dimensional presentations of

information incorporate shadowing to show depth.

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Real 3-D

• Can see depth of an image• Can turn image to reflect different angles

& perspectives• Already available on some Web sites• Real 3-D is becoming more popular

– Limited by computer speed and capacity– Newer and cheaper computers will make real

3-D more available

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Virtual Reality

• A three-dimensional computer simulation in which you actively participate

• Special input and output devices needed– Glove, headset, Walker

p.11.327 Fig. 11.4

SimNet Concepts Support CD: “Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence”

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Form of dForm of déjàéjà vu vu

Drawbacks to Virtual Reality

SimulatorSimulatorSicknessSickness

Eye Eye StrainStrain

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Biometrics

• The use of physical characteristics to provide identification– Fingerprints– Blood vessels in the retina of your eye– Sound of your voice

• Already used in high-security environments such as military installations

p.11.329 Fig. 11.5

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Real-World Biometric Applications

Integrated-enabledIntegrated-enabledToiletsToilets

Custom WeddingCustom WeddingGownsGowns

Custom BathrobesCustom Bathrobes

Custom ShoesCustom Shoes

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Wearable Computers

• Technology so small and so portable that you’ll be wearing it

p.11.330 Fig. 11.7

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Multi-state CPUs

CPUs and Storage DevicesWhat Can You Expect to See?

• Multi-state CPUs work with information represented in more than just two states,probably ten states with each state representing a digit between 0 and 9

• Holographic storage devices will store information on a storage medium that is composed of 3-D crystal-like objects with many sides and faces. On each face information can be stored

Holographic storage devices

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Holographic Storage Devices

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Thought-Control User Interfaces

• Graphical user interfaces will change to voice-control user interfaces through automatic speech recognition

• With Mind Drive technology a small sensing device on a finger captures 70 different bio-electrical signals produced by the mind that radiate though-out the body. These are processed and interpreted to determine what a person is thinking

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What’s Your Thoughts on These Emerging Technologies?

• Are you fast at typing or would you rather use speech recognition?

• Can you ever foresee a time when your computer will capture your thoughts?

• Is technology becoming so important that you need to wear it all the time like a regular piece of clothing?

• Do you want an Internet-enabled toilet monitoring your physical well-being?

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11.2 The Changing Internet

Internet-based trendsand

Internet-enabled technologies

Internet-enabled home

True personalization

Renting software from ASPs

E-cash

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E-Cash

• Electronic representation of cash

• Can buy products on the Web by sending the e-cash file to a merchant

• Far beyond digital money & wallets

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Using E-Cash on the WebE-Cash Transaction

p.11.334 Fig. 11.10

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What's Holding Up E-Cash?

• Anyone can be an electronic bank• There are no e-cash standards• Merchants must have accounts with electronic

banks• E-cash makes money laundering easy• E-cash is easy to lose, impossible to replace• Biggest Drawback: Acceptance by the consumer

market at large that e-cash is safe to use

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Renting Software from Application Service Providers

• Many companies are already planning for "pay-for-use" software over the Web

• May not need a disk drive in the future – even for Web-oriented devices

p.11.337 Fig. 11.12

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Personalization

• When a business knows so much about you that it can anticipate what you want or need and offer it to you

• This isn’t spam

• You will receive personalized offerings that no one else will receive

• May be achieved with global positioning system (GPS) technology

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Personalization or Spam?

• If your cell phone is GPS-enabled, can any organization track your movements?

• Is a push environment always better than a pull environment or will we need a combination of the two?

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Push (Not Pull) Technologies

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Technology-Based Homes of the Future

• Wirelessly networked• Part of the Internet• Speech enabled• Characterized by

intelligent home appliances

p.11.340 Fig. 11.15

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Intelligent Home Appliances

• Contain embedded computer technology that controls functions and makes decisions– Smelling refrigerators– Smart vacuum cleaners– Dirt-sensing clothes washers

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11.3 Pushing the Envelope

• CAVEs• Membrane-based technology• Nanotechnologies• Biochips• Implant chips

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Caves

p.11.342 Fig. 11.16

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Two Main Types of Caves

CAVE that displays images on all four walls to give you the illusion that you’re in a particular environment

CAVE where you enter one CAVE while someone else enters another. Numerous digital camera/projection units capture you both, send the images to the opposite CAVEs, and re-create your 3-D likenesses

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Membrane-Based and Nanotechnologies

• Membrane-based technologies store and manipulate information within living tissue cells

• Nanotechnology is the study of controlling individual atoms and molecules

p.11.343 Fig. 11.17

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Biochips and Implant Chips

• Biochip is a technology chip that can perform a variety of physiological functions when inserted into the human body

• Implant chip is a technology-based microchip implanted into the human body

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11.4 Key Terms

• Application service provider (ASP)

• Automatic speech recognition

• Biochip• Biometrics

• Cave automatic virtual environment (CAVE)

• E-cash• Global positioning

system • Holographic storage

device• Implant chip

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11.4 Key Terms

• Membrane-based technology

• Multi-state CPU• Nanotechnology

• Three-dimensional technologies

• Virtual reality (VR)• Wearable Computer

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Review of Concepts

1. Creating a Timeline for Emerging Technologies and Their Uses When will e-cash become a common

reality?

2. Matching Occupations with Emerging Technologies What does a lawyer need?

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Hands On ProjectsE-Commerce

1. Understanding New Government Initiatives to Use the Web

2. Making Long-Distance Phone Calls Some are free on the Web

3. Taking College Courses on the Web

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Hands On ProjectsEthics, Security & Privacy

1. Tracking Customer Movement with Body Heat Maps

Stores can recognize and track your body heat map

2. DNA Testing Should your DNA determine what education

you receive? What job you get?

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Hands On Projectson the Web

1. Finding Virtual Reality Applications

2. Determining the Capabilities of Xybernaut’s Newest Poma Wearable Computer

3. E-Publishing on the Web

4. Using Electronic Coupons

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Hands On ProjectsGroup Activities

1. Researching Voice-Controlled Cell Phones

2. Blocking Spam

3. Creating Three-Dimensional Graphs

4. Researching Intelligent Home Appliances